CN108470103A - A kind of pivot function space layout design method based on Space Syntax - Google Patents
A kind of pivot function space layout design method based on Space Syntax Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The pivot function space layout design method based on Space Syntax that the invention discloses a kind of, including：(1) setting public transit facility is preferentially laid out the factor, and combines transfer passenger flow amount between means of transportation, the passenger transference time value and averagely carry heavy luggage quantity, and the linking importance between means of transportation is calculated；(2) the arrangement means of transportation space descending according to linking importance, from the near to the distant in planned range, recycles selected transfer spatial shape to connect each means of transportation, to obtain multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes；(3) based on the topological analysis and viewshed analysis method in Space Syntax, tentative programme is carried out using Depthmap softwares, than choosing, to obtain preferably pivot function space layout scheme.While the present invention considers transfer amount, passenger transference time tolerance is added, averagely carries the factors such as heavy luggage quantity formation functional space linking importance calculation method, but also considers pedestrian's visual line characteristics on this basis, design result is more reasonable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to urban transportation more particularly to a kind of pivot function space layout design sides based on Space Syntax
Method.
Background technology
Under the background of novel urbanization planning, the development of group of cities, which has become, pushes soil space regional coordination to be sent out with balance
The direction of exhibition.Comprehensive passenger transport hub carries the traffic trip tissue within the scope of group of cities, faces important development opportunity, master
It undertakes region externally to go on a journey tissue and service, generate and attracts the volume of the flow of passengers larger, the development of hinge position and city space is melted
It closes stronger.Hinge builds up the land characters such as rear perimeter edge Business building, shopping center, hotel and more concentrates, and has downtown
Function, while the access of urban track traffic is required stronger.
As the relationship in comprehensive passenger transport hub and city is increasingly close, the joining relation between all kinds of modes of transportation is more multiple
It is miscellaneous；Station ground transfer manner is gradually substituted by the transfer space connection modes of human and vehicle shunting.Currently, and comprehensive passenger transport hub
Layout, scale, the relevant specification of traffic organization, standard are numerous, numerous and complicated, these standards more consider a certain item when formulating
Specific communication function, from the angle in transfer space, layout relationship does not carry out considering and being for globality between different function facility
The specification of system property.Layout method generally follows the rule of " near big and far smaller " according to transfer passenger flow intensity, that is, pays the utmost attention to transfer amount
Big means of transportation, according to transfer amount size, distance is gradually remote successively；And it is managed for convenience of each department, all kinds of traffic connection facilities
Tend to take up an area alone, spatial integration, the internal mechanism of Compact development and power have to be strengthened.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：In view of the problems of the existing technology the present invention, provides a kind of pivot function based on Space Syntax
Space layout design method, this method are added passenger transference time tolerance, averagely carry big part while considering transfer amount
The factors such as luggage quantity form functional space and are connected importance, and consider pedestrian's visual line characteristics on this basis, and design result is more
Rationally.
Technical solution：Pivot function space layout design method of the present invention based on Space Syntax includes：
(1) setting public transit facility is preferentially laid out the factor, and the transfer passenger flow amount between combination means of transportation, passenger transference
The time value and averagely carrying heavy luggage quantity, are calculated the linking importance between means of transportation；
(2) the arrangement means of transportation space descending according to linking importance, from the near to the distant in planned range, then profit
Each means of transportation are connected with selected transfer spatial shape, to obtain multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes；
(3) based on the topological analysis and viewshed analysis method in Space Syntax, using Depthmap softwares to tentative programme into
Row obtains preferably pivot function space layout scheme than choosing.
Further, step (1) specifically includes：
(1-1) obtains the transfer passenger flow amount q between means of transportation i, j by on-site inspectionij, passenger transference time tolerance
tijWith average carrying heavy luggage quantity bij；
(1-2) is according to passenger transference time tolerance tijThe corresponding passenger transference time value is calculated
(1-3) considers influence of the public traffic in priority theory in Passenger Transport Hub functional space layout, and public transit facility is arranged
Preferential layout factor of nijFor：When no one kind is public transportation mode in means of transportation i, j, nij=0, in means of transportation
I, there is a kind of when being public transportation mode, n in jij=0.5, in public transit facility i, j all be public transportation mode when, nij
=1；
(1-4) is according to qij、vij、bijAnd nijThe linking importance between means of transportation i, j is calculated：
In formula,Transfer passenger flow amount average value, transfer time are worth average value, put down respectively in pivoting system
Carry heavy luggage number average；α, β, γ, δ are respectively the weight coefficient of each influence factor.
Further, step (2) specifically includes：
(2-1) according to the linking importance between each means of transportation, it is descending according to linking importance, from the near to the distant
Arrangement means of transportation space, obtains the approximate location in means of transportation space in planned range；
(2-2) selects a kind of form as transfer space from grown form, and follows accessibility, convenience, principal and subordinate
Property, divergence, inductivity, the design principle of safety, connect each means of transportation in conjunction with the approximate location of each means of transportation, to
Obtain multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes.
Further, step (3) specifically includes：
Based on the topological analysis and viewshed analysis method in Space Syntax, using Depthmap software combinations depth value, integrate
Angle value index is to carrying out accessibility and visualization analysis in tentative programme：The scheme that degree of integration is higher, global depth is smaller is reachable
Property is higher, and sight degree of integration is higher, the smaller scheme visuality of sight mean depth is stronger；Preferably hinge work(is obtained by analysis
Energy space layout scheme is as design result.
Further, the distribution method of described weight coefficient α, β, γ, δ are：
A, structure linking importance hierarchy Model：It is big with transfer passenger flow amount, the passenger transference time value, average carrying
It is the first level that part luggage quantity and public transit facility, which are preferentially laid out four factors of the factor, and linking importance is and four factors
Relevant second level；
B, Judgement Matricies：Using Delphi method, the relative importance of more each factor, assigns the number of 1-9 two-by-two
Value generates judgment matrix A；Wherein, the assignment of transfer passenger flow amount corresponds to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A1, when passenger transference
Between the assignment that is worth correspond to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A2, the assignment of averagely carrying heavy luggage quantity, which corresponds to, judges square
The first row elements A of battle array A3, the assignment that public transit facility is preferentially laid out the factor corresponds to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A4；
C, each factor weight is calculated：
It will determine that each column element a of matrix AijMake normalized, the element after normalization is：
Each row normalization treated judgment matrix is added up to by row：
To vectorW=(W1 ,W2 ,W3 ,W4 ) t Middle normalized, obtains：
Integration obtains normalized vector W=(W1,W2,W3,W4) t , as feature vector approximate solution；
Judgment matrix Maximum characteristic root is calculated according to feature vector approximate solution：
Its corresponding feature vector is the weight of each factor；
Wherein, ()tIndicate the transposition of vector, (AW)iIndicate that judgment matrix A is multiplied by i-th of element of W.
Wherein, use the rule of Delphi method assignment for shown in following table：
| Assignment | Definition and explanation (column element is compared with row element) |
| 1 | Two elements have same importance to some attribute |
| 3 | Two elements compare, and element ratio another element is slightly important |
| 5 | Two elements compare, and element ratio another element is obviously important |
| 7 | Two elements compare, element ratio another element much more significant |
| 9 | Two elements compare, element ratio another element utmost importance |
| 2,4,6,8 | Scale when indicating to need to compromise between above-mentioned two standard |
| It is reciprocal | The inverse ratio of two elements compared with |
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is：The traditional cities preliminary side of Passenger Transport Hub layout
Case is usually laid out each means of transportation by sequence from the near to the distant according to transfer passenger flow amount is descending, but removes transfer passenger flow
Amount is outer, and passenger flow property and public traffic in priority theory also have close relationship for the linking degree between each means of transportation.Therefore the present invention examines
The influence considered passenger transference time tolerance, averagely carried heavy luggage quantity, public traffic in priority layout, is connected functional space
Importance calculating is improved.Usually consider critical path method (CPM) or empirical method using the connection of transfer space in conventional in layout method
Each means of transportation, but passenger generally relies on its sight characteristic, Path selection and non-selection shortest path when selecting path, but select
It selects and meets sight visible range at first, most see the path of destination soon, therefore the sight for changing to space is integrated in pedestrian's transfer
Degree proposes high requirement, application space syntax convex space analysis of the present invention and viewshed analysis, in conjunction with depth value, integration angle value etc.
Spatial analysis variables carry out quantitative research to transfer space, and being carried out to transfer space using Space Syntax software Depthmap " can
Up to property " it is analyzed with " visuality ", to obtain more preferably placement scheme from quantitative angle.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of one embodiment of the present of invention；
Fig. 2 is linking importance hierarchy Model figure；
Fig. 3 is the transfer optional tissue morphology schematic diagram in space under specified arrangement；
Fig. 4 is topology transfer spatial integration degree characteristic pattern；
Fig. 5 is topology transfer space global depth characteristic pattern；
Fig. 6 is topology transfer space line-of-sight degree of integration figure；
Specific implementation mode
A kind of pivot function space layout design method based on Space Syntax is present embodiments provided, as shown in Figure 1, packet
Include following steps：
(1) setting public transit facility is preferentially laid out the factor, and the transfer passenger flow amount between combination means of transportation, passenger transference
The time value and averagely carrying heavy luggage quantity, are calculated the linking importance between means of transportation.
Step (1) specifically includes：
(1-1) obtains the transfer passenger flow amount q between means of transportation i, j by on-site inspectionij, passenger transference time tolerance
tijWith average carrying heavy luggage quantity bij；
(1-2) is according to passenger transference time tolerance tijThe corresponding passenger transference time value is calculated
(1-3) considers influence of the public traffic in priority theory in Passenger Transport Hub functional space layout, and public transit facility is arranged
Preferential layout factor of nijFor：When no one kind is public transportation mode in means of transportation i, j, nij=0, in means of transportation
I, there is a kind of when being public transportation mode, n in jij=0.5, in public transit facility i, j all be public transportation mode when, nij
=1；
(1-4) is according to qij、vij、bijAnd nijThe linking importance between means of transportation i, j is calculated：
In formula,Transfer passenger flow amount average value, transfer time are worth average value, put down respectively in pivoting system
Carry heavy luggage number average；α, β, γ, δ are respectively the weight coefficient of each influence factor, and distribution method is：
A, structure linking importance hierarchy Model：It is big with transfer passenger flow amount, the passenger transference time value, average carrying
It is the first level that part luggage quantity and public transit facility, which are preferentially laid out four factors of the factor, and linking importance is and four factors
Relevant second level；Model is as shown in Figure 2；
B, Judgement Matricies：Using Delphi method (i.e. expert survey), the relatively important journey of more each factor two-by-two
Degree assigns the numerical value of 1-9, and table 1 illustrates assignment rule, generates judgment matrix A；Wherein, the assignment correspondence of transfer passenger flow amount is sentenced
The first row elements A of disconnected matrix A1, the assignment of the passenger transference time value corresponds to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A2, averagely take
Assignment with heavy luggage quantity corresponds to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A3, public transit facility is preferentially laid out the tax of the factor
The first row elements A of the corresponding judgment matrix A of value4；
1 judgment matrix element assignment of table defines and illustrates table
| Scale | Definition and explanation (column element is compared with row element) |
| 1 | Two elements have same importance to some attribute |
| 3 | Two elements compare, and element ratio another element is slightly important |
| 5 | Two elements compare, and element ratio another element is obviously important |
| 7 | Two elements compare, element ratio another element much more significant |
| 9 | Two elements compare, element ratio another element utmost importance |
| 2,4,6,8 | Scale when indicating to need to compromise between above-mentioned two standard |
| It is reciprocal | The inverse ratio of two elements compared with |
C, each factor weight is calculated：
It will determine that each column element a of matrix AijMake normalized, the element after normalization is：
Each row normalization treated judgment matrix is added up to by row：
To vectorW=(W1 ,W2 ,W3 ,W4 ) t Middle normalized, obtains：
Integration obtains normalized vector W=(W1,W2,W3,W4)t, as feature vector approximate solution；
Judgment matrix Maximum characteristic root is calculated according to feature vector approximate solution：
Its corresponding feature vector is the weight of each factor；
Wherein, ()tIndicate the transposition of vector, (AW)iIndicate that judgment matrix A is multiplied by i-th of element of W.
D, Mode of Level Simple Sequence and consistency check
Calculate λmaxWhen, it is necessary first to the consistency of validation matrix A.It enables
Wherein, n=4, CI=0 are the necessary conditions that matrix A is Consistent Matrix, and CI values are bigger, and the inconsistent degree of A is got over
It is high.
Evaluate whether the consistency of judgment matrix A meets the requirements with Aver-age Random Consistency Index RI.For fixed
N constructs positive reciprocal matrix A ', its element is arbitrarily chosen from scale value and its inverse, and the consistency of A ' is generally poor.
It takes sufficiently large increment to obtain the average value k of A ' maximum eigenvalue, enables
Work as CR<When 0.1, it is considered that the consistency of matrix A meets the requirements.RI presses 1 value of table：
2 analytic hierarchy process (AHP) RI value tables of table
E, total hierarchial sorting and its consistency check
If certain factors in B layers are to certain factors in layer to AjSingle sequence coincident indicator be RI, then B layers
The random consistency ratio CR that always sorts is
Work as CR<When 0.1, it is believed that total hierarchial sorting result has satisfied consistency.
(2) the arrangement means of transportation space descending according to linking importance, from the near to the distant in planned range, then profit
Each means of transportation are connected with selected transfer spatial shape, to obtain multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes.Specifically
Including：
(2-1) according to the linking importance between each means of transportation, it is descending according to linking importance, from the near to the distant
Arrangement means of transportation space, obtains the approximate location in means of transportation space in planned range；
(2-2) selects a kind of form as transfer space from grown form, and follows accessibility, convenience, principal and subordinate
Property, divergence, inductivity, the design principle of safety, connect each means of transportation in conjunction with the approximate location of each means of transportation, to
Obtain multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes.
Wherein, transfer space is the tie space changed to inside comprehensive hinge body, in connection with the station of different modes of transportation
Space and functional space of different nature, grown form have line style, concentrated, radial pattern, compound etc..Line style is suitable for
It is required that possessing the space of purer communication function；Common pattern when concentrated is architectural composition, suitable for there is cohesion speciality
Building, the functional space of surrounding is commanded and control action；, there is the characteristics of growth in the characteristics of radial pattern existing cohesion again, fits
For connecting each functional space using the extension of line style streamline；Compound is that a kind of most types is applied in functional space tissue
Formula, can according to building function and flexible topology.Fig. 3 is listed under same traffic space syntagmatic, changes to space
Three kinds of different tissue morphologies i.e. three initial schemes.
(3) based on the topological analysis and viewshed analysis method in Space Syntax, using Depthmap softwares to tentative programme into
Row obtains preferably pivot function space layout scheme than choosing.
1. approachability analysis：
With topological depth and degree of integration, from the reasonability of the angle analysis of spatial accessibility transfer spatial organization form.
Pivot building space layout is translated to the combination of convex space, and carries out the setting of connection relation.It is opened up using Depthmap analyses
It fails to get or achieve what one wants a degree of integration and depth, obtains color property figure, partially warm color, represent that degree of integration is higher, and global depth is smaller,
As shown in Figures 4 and 5.Certain block space of building is in the lower state of global depth value, it is meant that from this place, arrive
Up to other arbitrary spaces in system, need the distance costs overcome fewer.Global depth is higher, and accessibility is poorer.It is whole
It is right to be negatively correlated with global depth value.Global depth value is smaller, and degree of integration is higher.Therefore, the numerical value change of degree of integration, with
The concept of accessibility is consistent with change direction.The high space of degree of integration, accessibility are high.
2. visualization analysis
When carrying out visualization analysis to transfer space using Depthmap, studied space is divided into impartial grid,
These regions are attached with the calculating of value, depth value and degree of integration, it is last to be carried out to grid according to the numerical value being calculated
Coloring.The numerical value of variable is higher, and the color of grid is deeper, and the area of each grid can be voluntarily arranged.
Sight degree of integration is analyzed：The algorithm of sight degree of integration is got on the basis of sight depth, from a specific member
Element sets out, and reaches another element, and sight needs to transfer several times altogether, this value is fed back, is recorded in starting point.To appoint
An other elements anticipate as terminal, after all possibilities of limit, turnover number is added up, this accumulated value, that is, starting point
Sight depth value.The value of sight degree of integration is acquired based on this value.By Depthmap Software Create color character figures, such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show, element color is warmer, and the value of sight degree of integration is higher.
It is above disclosed to be only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the right model of the present invention cannot be limited with this
It encloses, therefore equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention, is still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of pivot function space layout design method based on Space Syntax, it is characterised in that this method includes：
(1) setting public transit facility is preferentially laid out the factor, and the transfer passenger flow amount between combination means of transportation, passenger transference time
Value and averagely carrying heavy luggage quantity, are calculated the linking importance between means of transportation；
(2) the arrangement means of transportation space descending according to linking importance, from the near to the distant in planned range, recycles choosing
Fixed transfer spatial shape connects each means of transportation, to obtain multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes；
(3) based on the topological analysis and viewshed analysis method in Space Syntax, tentative programme is compared using Depthmap softwares
Choosing obtains preferably pivot function space layout scheme.
2. the pivot function space layout design method according to claim 1 based on Space Syntax, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly (1) specifically includes：
(1-1) obtains the transfer passenger flow amount q between means of transportation i, j by on-site inspectionij, passenger transference time tolerance tijPeace
Carry heavy luggage quantity bij；
(1-2) is according to passenger transference time tolerance tijThe corresponding passenger transference time value is calculated
(1-3) considers that influence of the public traffic in priority theory in Passenger Transport Hub functional space layout, setting public transit facility are preferential
It is laid out factor of nijFor：When no one kind is public transportation mode in means of transportation i, j, nij=0, in means of transportation i, j
There is a kind of when being public transportation mode, nij=0.5, in public transit facility i, j all be public transportation mode when, nij=1；
(1-4) is according to qij、vij、bijAnd nijThe linking importance between means of transportation i, j is calculated：
In formula,Transfer passenger flow amount average value, transfer time are worth average value, averagely take respectively in pivoting system
Band heavy luggage number average；α, β, γ, δ are respectively the weight coefficient of each influence factor.
3. the pivot function space layout design method according to claim 1 based on Space Syntax, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly (2) specifically include：
(2-1) according to the linking importance between each means of transportation, planning from the near to the distant descending according to linking importance
Arrangement means of transportation space, obtains the approximate location in means of transportation space in range；
(2-2) selects a kind of form as transfer space from grown form, and follows accessibility, convenience, Zhu Congxing, divides
Fluidity, inductivity, the design principle of safety connect each means of transportation, to obtain in conjunction with the approximate location of each means of transportation
Multiple pivot function space layout tentative programmes.
4. the pivot function space layout design method according to claim 1 based on Space Syntax, it is characterised in that：Step
Suddenly (3) specifically include：
Based on the topological analysis and viewshed analysis method in Space Syntax, using Depthmap software combinations depth value, angle value is integrated
Index is to carrying out accessibility and visualization analysis in tentative programme：The scheme accessibility that degree of integration is higher, global depth is smaller is more
Height, sight degree of integration is higher, the smaller scheme visuality of sight mean depth is stronger；It is empty that preferably pivot function is obtained by analysis
Between placement scheme as design result.
5. the pivot function space layout design method according to claim 2 based on Space Syntax, it is characterised in that：Institute
The distribution method for stating weight coefficient α, β, γ, δ is：
A, structure linking importance hierarchy Model：With transfer passenger flow amount, the passenger transference time value, averagely carry big part row
It is the first level that Lee's quantity and public transit facility, which are preferentially laid out four factors of the factor, and linking importance is related to four factors
The second level；
B, Judgement Matricies：Using Delphi method, the relative importance of more each factor, assigns the numerical value of 1-9 two-by-two, raw
At judgment matrix A；Wherein, the assignment of transfer passenger flow amount corresponds to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A1, the passenger transference time value
Assignment correspond to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A2, the assignment for averagely carrying heavy luggage quantity corresponds to the of judgment matrix A
One column element A3, the assignment that public transit facility is preferentially laid out the factor corresponds to the first row elements A of judgment matrix A4；
C, each factor weight is calculated：
It will determine that each column element a of matrix AijMake normalized, the element after normalization is：
Each row normalization treated judgment matrix is added up to by row：
To vectorW=(W 1,W 2,W 3,W 4) t Middle normalized, obtains：
Integration obtains normalized vector W=(W1,W2,W3,W4) t , as feature vector approximate solution；
Judgment matrix Maximum characteristic root is calculated according to feature vector approximate solution：
Its corresponding feature vector is the weight of each factor；
Wherein, () t Indicate the transposition of vector, (AW)iIndicate that judgment matrix A is multiplied by i-th of element of W.
6. the pivot function space layout design method according to claim 5 based on Space Syntax, it is characterised in that：It adopts
Rule with Delphi method assignment is shown in following table：
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| BASHIRI MAHDI: "Hybrid Fuzzy Capacitated Hub Center Allocation Problem with Both Qualitative and Quantitative Variables", 《WORLD APPLIED SCIENCES JOURNAL》 * |
| 刘强: "区域综合交通枢纽布局双层规划模型", 《东南大学学报》 * |
| 吴学高: "城市综合客运枢纽的换乘理论研究", 《中国优秀硕士论文全文库》 * |
| 郝宇: "基于空间句法的网络城市节点间交通需求分析", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库-工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
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| CN111008730A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-04-14 | 长安大学 | Crowd concentration degree prediction model construction method and device based on urban space structure |
| CN111008730B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2023-08-11 | 长安大学 | Crowd concentration prediction model construction method and device based on urban space structure |
| CN111008421A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-14 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Design method and system for transforming existing subway station to realize platform stair transfer |
| CN112632663A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-09 | 广州方纬智慧大脑研究开发有限公司 | Road traffic direction mark generation method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN112632663B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2024-01-16 | 广州方纬智慧大脑研究开发有限公司 | Road traffic road sign generation method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN113032885A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-06-25 | 深圳大学 | View relation analysis method, device and computer storage medium |
| CN113032885B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-04-28 | 深圳大学 | Vision relation analysis method, device and computer storage medium |
| CN118070978A (en) * | 2024-04-17 | 2024-05-24 | 交通运输部规划研究院 | Hub space layout optimization method for improving toughness of comprehensive traffic network |
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