CN108467942B - Method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag - Google Patents
Method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/04—Obtaining lead by wet processes
- C22B13/045—Recovery from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B41/00—Obtaining germanium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
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Abstract
S1, grinding the zinc displacement slag, leaching the zinc displacement slag by using deionized water, and after leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a zinc-containing leachate and water leaching slag; s2, leaching the leaching residue by using dilute sulfuric acid, and after leaching is finished, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a gallium-containing leaching solution and sulfuric acid leaching residue; s3, leaching the sulfuric acid leaching residue by using hydrogen peroxide, adjusting the pH value by using ammonia water during leaching, and after leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a germanium-containing leaching solution and hydrogen peroxide leaching residue; and S4, leaching the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue by using a sodium hydroxide solution, and after leaching is finished, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a lead-containing leaching solution and sodium hydroxide leaching residue. The beneficial effects are that the high-efficiency selective separation of zinc, gallium, germanium and lead is realized; without introduction of F‑The corrosion of equipment is less; simple process, easy operation, high gallium and germanium recovery rate and low production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal hydrometallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag.
Background
The zinc sulfide concentrate produced in the southwest area of China is associated with high-content gallium and germanium, when the zinc sulfide concentrate is treated by adopting a high-acid oxygen pressure leaching process, the gallium and the germanium enter a leaching solution, a subsequent leaching solution is purified by adopting a zinc powder replacement method, and the gallium and the germanium enter zinc replacement slag. The zinc replacement slag contains gallium and germanium with higher added values and also contains valuable metals such as zinc, lead and the like with higher content. In general, the zinc replacement slag has higher comprehensive utilization value.
At present, accompanying elements of gallium and germanium in zinc concentrate are mainly recovered by a wet method, and widely used leaching agents comprise sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. Liu-Yipo and the like (Chinese non-ferrous metals school report 2016(04):908-18) adopt sulfuric acid as a leaching reagent and sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate as a leaching aid to obtain higher leaching rates of zinc, gallium and germanium. CN201611256803.9 and CN201710025733.4 both propose to adopt H2SO4The HF is used as a leaching reagent for leaching Ga and Ge, and the recovery rate of Ga and Ge is improved. Although the leaching process can obtain higher leaching efficiency, zinc, gallium and germanium enter a leaching solution because the leaching process is carried out under a strong acid condition, and the subsequent treatment of the leaching solution needs a more complicated separation procedure. CN201310468825.1 proposes that the smelting slag containing Ga and Ge is treated by an alkaline pressurization mode, and the leaching rate of Ga and Ge exceeds 98 percent under the optimal process condition. However, the concentration of sodium hydroxide required in the above process is high, and a large amount of sulfuric acid is required to be added in the subsequent recovery process to adjust the pH of the leaching solution to acidity so as to recover gallium and germanium. Meanwhile, in the leaching process, the lead content in the leaching solution is high due to high alkali concentration, and a lead removing procedure is required to be added in the subsequent leaching solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag, and aims to overcome the defects in the prior art when metal elements such as gallium, germanium and the like are leached from the zinc replacement slag as introduced in the background technology.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag comprises the following steps:
s1, zinc leaching: grinding the zinc displacement slag, then leaching the zinc displacement slag by using deionized water under the condition of stirring, and after leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a zinc-containing leaching solution and water leaching slag;
s2, leaching gallium: leaching the water leaching residue obtained in the step S1 by using dilute sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, and after the leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a gallium-containing leaching solution and sulfuric acid leaching residue;
s3, leaching germanium: under the condition of stirring, leaching the sulfuric acid leaching residue obtained in the step S2 by using hydrogen peroxide, adjusting and controlling the pH of a leaching solution to be 5.0-8.0 by using ammonia water during leaching, and after leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a germanium-containing leaching solution and hydrogen peroxide leaching residue;
s4, leaching lead: and (3) leaching the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue obtained in the step (S3) by using a sodium hydroxide solution under the stirring condition, and after the leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lead-containing leaching solution and sodium hydroxide leaching residue.
The chemical reactions that occur in the steps of the above-described method provided by the present invention are as follows.
The main chemical reaction equations for water leaching occur as follows:
ZnSO4=Zn2++SO4 2-(1)
the main chemical reaction equations that occur in the leaching of gallium with sulfuric acid are as follows:
2Ga+3H2SO4=Ga2(SO4)3+3H2(2)
Ga2O3+3H2SO4=3H2O+Ga2(SO4)3(3)
the main chemical equation for the hydrogen peroxide germanium leaching is as follows:
Ge+2H2O2+2NH3=(NH4)2GeO3+H2O (4)
GeO+H2O2+2NH3=(NH4)2GeO3(5)
GeO2+2NH3+H2O=(NH4)2GeO3(6)
the main chemical reaction equations that occur in the sodium hydroxide leaching of lead are as follows:
PbSO4+4NaOH=Na2SO4+Na2Pb(OH)4(7)
on the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can further specifically select the following.
Specifically, the grinding treatment in the step S1 is to grind the zinc replacement slag to a particle size of 50-100 μm.
Specifically, the liquid-solid ratio of the deionized water to the zinc replacement slag in S1 is 4-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-40 ℃.
Specifically, the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in S2 is 0.1-1 mol/L.
Specifically, the liquid-solid ratio of dilute sulfuric acid to water leaching residue in S2 is 4-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-80 ℃.
Specifically, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in S3 is 0.2-2 mol/L, and the concentration of ammonia water is 0.1-1 mol/L.
Specifically, the liquid-solid ratio of the hydrogen peroxide to the sulfuric acid leaching residue in the S3 is 5-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-80 ℃.
Specifically, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in S4 is 2-5 mol/L, the liquid-solid ratio of a sodium hydroxide solution to hydrogen peroxide leaching residue is 5-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-80 ℃.
Specifically, the stirring conditions in S1 to S4 are such that the stirring speed is controlled to be 100 to 600 rpm. A general stirring kettle is used for stirring.
Specifically, the zinc replacement slag is produced in the purification process of a zinc leachate in an oxygen pressure acid leaching process, wherein the contents of Zn and Pb are respectively 1.0-20.0% and 0.5-5.0%; the contents of Ga and Ge are 0.1-0.5% and 0.1-0.8%, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) step leaching is adopted, one metal ion is mainly leached in each step, a leaching solution rich in the metal ion is obtained, and the high-efficiency selective separation of zinc, gallium, germanium and lead in the zinc replacement slag is realized;
(2) f-is not introduced in the leaching process, the equipment corrosion is less, and the subsequent purification of the leaching solution has no complex F-removing process;
(3) the leaching process is simple, the operation is easy, the recovery rate of gallium and germanium is high, and the production cost is favorably reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used for limiting the scope of the present invention.
The methods used in the following examples are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified, and the pharmaceutical products used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The zinc replacement slag is obtained by replacing an acidic pressurized zinc-containing leachate of a certain plant with zinc powder, and the zinc, lead, gallium and germanium contents in the zinc replacement slag are respectively 6.33%, 4.37%, 0.13% and 0.41%.
Selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from the zinc replacement slag, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, zinc leaching: grinding the zinc displacement slag to be completely sieved by a 100-micron sieve, adding 500g of the zinc displacement slag into 3000mL of deionized water, leaching for 3h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the stirring speed of 350rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 248.5g of water leaching slag, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the water leaching slag to be 1.08%, 8.79%, 0.25% and 0.80% respectively, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be 91.52%, 0.031%, 4.42% and 3.02% respectively.
S2, leaching gallium: adding 248.5g of the water leaching residue into 1500mL of 0.2mol/LH2SO4Leaching in sulfuric acid solution at 80 ℃ and stirring speed of 400rpm for 4h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 205.6g of sulfuric acid leaching residue, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the sulfuric acid leaching residue to be 1.20%, 10.59%, 0.02% and 0.95%, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be 8.07%, 0.32%, 93.38% and 1.75%, respectively.
S3, leaching germanium: 1500mL of 0.25mol/L H is prepared2O2Adjusting the pH of the solution to 7.0 by using 0.25mol/L ammonia water as a leaching reagent, adding 205.6g of sulfuric acid leaching residue, leaching for 3h at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 185.5g of hydrogen peroxide leaching residue, and analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue to be 1.32%, 11.70% and 0% respectively022% and 0.10%, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be 0.68%, 0.29%, 0.69% and 90.50%, respectively.
S4, leaching lead: adding 185.5g of the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue into 1200mL of 4mol/L NaOH solution, leaching for 3h at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 110.8g of sodium hydroxide leaching residue, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the sodium hydroxide leaching residue to be respectively 2.20%, 1.05%, 0.036% and 0.16%, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be respectively 0.45%, 94.64%, 2.25% and 4.43%.
Example 2
The zinc replacement slag is obtained by replacing an acidic pressurized zinc-containing leachate of a certain plant with zinc powder, wherein the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the zinc replacement slag are respectively 7.50%, 4.75%, 0.18% and 0.65%.
Selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from the zinc replacement slag, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, zinc leaching: grinding the zinc displacement slag until the zinc displacement slag completely passes through a 75-micrometer sieve, adding 400g of the zinc displacement slag into 3000mL of deionized water, leaching for 2h at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 206.5g of water leaching slag, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the water leaching slag to be 1.20%, 9.19%, 0.33% and 1.23% respectively, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be 91.74%, 0.12%, 5.35% and 2.31% respectively.
S2, leaching gallium: adding 206.5g of the water leaching residue into 2000mL of 0.15mol/L sulfuric acid solution, leaching for 4h at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the stirring speed of 350rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 164.5g of sulfuric acid leaching residue, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the sulfuric acid leaching residue to be 1.45%, 11.50%, 0.015% and 1.50%, respectively, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be 3.74%, 0.32%, 96.38% and 2.85%, respectively.
S3, leaching germanium: 1500mL of 0.15mol/L H was prepared2O2Using 0.5mol/L ammonia water as leaching reagent to adjust the pH value of the leaching solution to 8.0, adding 164.5g of sulfuric acid leaching residue, leaching for 4 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the stirring speed of 400rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the bis-sulfuric acid148.6g of oxygen water leaching residue, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue to be 1.60%, 12.70%, 0.017% and 0.13%, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be 0.32%, 0.24%, 0.63% and 92.17% respectively.
S4, leaching lead: adding 148.6g of the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue into 1000mL of 4mol/L NaOH solution, leaching for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the stirring speed of 400rpm, filtering, washing and drying to obtain 88.3g of sodium hydroxide leaching residue, analyzing the contents of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium in the sodium hydroxide leaching residue to be respectively 2.68%, 1.35%, 0.027% and 0.21%, and calculating the leaching rates of zinc, lead, gallium and germanium to be respectively 0.47%, 93.68%, 2.77% and 4.01%.
It should be noted that the filtrate obtained after each step of filtration in examples 1 and 2 is a solution rich in a certain corresponding metal ion, and the corresponding filtrate can be purified by the prior art to recover the corresponding metal ion. For example, the leachate rich in zinc, which is obtained after the filtration in S1, contains a small amount of lead, gallium, germanium, etc., and is then purified by a purification process of the dezincification leachate, which may be a zinc powder substitution method, a chemical precipitation method, etc., which are commonly used in the prior art. The sodium hydroxide leaching residue after leaching lead in S4 can be directly treated as waste due to low content of metal elements with high added value.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, zinc leaching: grinding the zinc displacement slag, then leaching the zinc displacement slag by using deionized water under the condition of stirring, and after leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a zinc-containing leaching solution and water leaching slag;
s2, leaching gallium: leaching the water leaching residue obtained in the step S1 by using dilute sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, and after the leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a gallium-containing leaching solution and sulfuric acid leaching residue;
s3, leaching germanium: under the condition of stirring, leaching the sulfuric acid leaching residue obtained in the step S2 by using hydrogen peroxide, adjusting and controlling the pH of a leaching solution to be 5.0-8.0 by using ammonia water during leaching, and after leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a germanium-containing leaching solution and hydrogen peroxide leaching residue;
s4, leaching lead: leaching the hydrogen peroxide leaching residue obtained in the step S3 by using a sodium hydroxide solution under the stirring condition, and after the leaching is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a lead-containing leaching solution and sodium hydroxide leaching residue;
the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid in S2 is 0.1-1 mol/L, the liquid-solid ratio of dilute sulfuric acid to water leaching residues is 4-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-80 ℃; in the S3, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.2-2 mol/L, the concentration of ammonia water is 0.1-1 mol/L, the liquid-solid ratio of hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid leaching residue is 5-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-80 ℃.
2. The method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc displacement slag according to claim 1, wherein the grinding treatment in the S1 is to grind the zinc displacement slag to a particle size of 50-100 μm.
3. The method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of deionized water to zinc replacement slag in S1 is 4-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-40 ℃.
4. The method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in S4 is 2-5 mol/L, the liquid-solid ratio of a sodium hydroxide solution to hydrogen peroxide leaching slag is 5-10: 1mL/g, the leaching time is 0.25-4 h, and the leaching temperature is 25-80 ℃.
5. The method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the stirring conditions in S1 to S4 are such that the stirring speed is controlled to be 100 ~ 600 rpm.
6. The method for selectively leaching zinc, lead, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the zinc replacement slag is produced in a zinc leachate purification process of an oxygen pressure acid leaching process, and the contents of Zn and Pb are respectively ~ 20.0.0% and ~ 5.0.0% and the contents of Ga and Ge are respectively ~ 0.5.5% and ~ 0.8.8%.
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CN109182787B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-07-31 | 中南大学 | Method for improving leaching rate of germanium and gallium in material containing germanium and gallium |
CN111440955B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-12-17 | 广东先导稀材股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gallium from gallium-containing smelting slag |
CN112646983A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-04-13 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司丹霞冶炼厂 | Method for directly leaching gallium-germanium slag replaced by zinc powder |
CN114318017A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所 | Method for deep leaching of zinc, copper, gallium and germanium from zinc replacement slag |
CN115261626A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-01 | 广东先导稀材股份有限公司 | Method for recovering gallium from gallium-zinc-containing material under normal pressure |
CN115386732A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-25 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | Method for efficiently recycling zinc, germanium and indium in zinc oxide smoke dust |
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