CN108464215B - Large-size woody plant transplanting method for coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Large-size woody plant transplanting method for coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tree transplantation, and particularly relates to a large-size plant transplantation method for coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a planting hole with the diameter larger than the diameter of the soil ball at the root of the transplanted tree; (2) before fertilization and field planting, mixing base fertilizer and pond sludge, filling the mixture to the bottom of a field planting hole, and covering the surface with pond sludge; (3) after the transplanted tree is transplanted, the transplanted tree is righted and fixed by adopting an anti-wind conjoined bracket; (4) after transplanting, management is carried out to carry out topdressing on trees damaged by typhoon and rainstorm by using nitrogen fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil plant transplantation, and particularly relates to a method for transplanting large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
The coastal areas have special geographical and climatic conditions and high soil salinity. The damage to plants due to the high salt content of soil is huge, specifically as follows: causing physiological drought of plants, causing irreversible damage to plant tissues, inhibiting the absorption of normal nutrients of plants, and the like. Long-term investigation and research show that wind break and lodging caused by strong wind in coastal areas are one of important reasons influencing the survival rate of woody plants. For example, in coastal areas of south China, typhoons are more in summer and autumn, and the typhoons appear 2-3 times per year on average, if the typhoons are light, branches are broken and leaves are fallen, and if the typhoons are heavy, the branches are pulled up.
Due to wind and sand erosion, salt mist sedimentation, soil saline and alkaline and the like, the survival rate of landscape plants, particularly large-size woody plants in the coastal region is extremely low, and the greening period is long; but also influences the landscape and ecological functions and improves the cost of later maintenance.
The large-size trees refer to woody plants with the diameter at breast height of more than 15 cm. Large trees are popular due to fast scene forming, but are difficult to survive compared with conventional garden nursery stocks. This is due to 1) the age of the tree, poor cell regeneration; 2) the big tree is tall and big, the transpiration area of branches and leaves is large, the distance between a root system and a crown is long, and the water transportation is difficult, so that the water balance between the ground and the underground is difficult to establish as soon as possible after the big tree is transplanted; 3) the trees are large and are easy to be damaged in the carrying and planting processes. For the transplanting of big trees, many methods have been disclosed, for example, chinese patent application 200510042057.9 discloses a method for transplanting and keeping alive big trees, which comprises digging out big trees, treating roots, digging pits in advance, and planting big trees, wherein the digging out big trees, digging pits in advance, and planting big trees are all operated according to the conventional method, characterized in that, during the period from the digging out big trees to the time before the roots recover the water absorption function after planting, the wood part of the trunk is punched, and then water is directly injected into the tree body under pressure, so as to keep the water loss and water supply amount balanced.
However, the existing method mainly discusses that the method is suitable for transplanting work on soil, and the transplanting report of large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil is less.
Under the background, the work of improving the transplanting construction technology of large-size woody plants (with the diameter at breast height of more than 15 cm) in coastal areas from the aspects of seed selection, transplanting, maintenance after typhoon damage and the like is particularly necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for transplanting large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil, improves the survival rate of transplanting the large-size woody plants and shortens the greening period under the condition of comprehensively considering factors such as typhoon harm, wind and sand erosion, salt mist settlement, soil saline-alkali soil and the like.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for transplanting large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of planting holes
Preparing a planting hole with the diameter 30-40cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball at the root of the transplanted tree and the depth 40-60 cm;
(2) fertilizing
Before planting, mixing base fertilizer and pond sludge, filling the mixture to the bottom of a planting hole, and covering the surface with pond sludge;
(3) transplantation
After the transplanted tree is righted, fixing the transplanted tree soil ball by using a fixing device, and then fixing the trunk by using a wind-resistant conjoined bracket;
(4) post-transplant management
And (3) carrying out topdressing on the trees damaged by typhoon and rainstorm by using 0.1-0.5 weight percent of nitrogen fertilizer.
In the step (1), the diameter and the height of the soil digging ball are determined according to the diameter of the breast height of the tree,
preferably, the diameter of the soil ball is 8-10 times of the diameter of the trunk. The soil balls are too large, so that the balls are easy to scatter and the transportation difficulty is increased; too small a soil ball will damage too many roots and affect the survival of trees.
Preferably, the soil ball is in an 'inverted truncated cone shape',
the method for digging the soil ball with the inverted frustum shape comprises the following steps: firstly, vertically and downwards excavating an annular pit groove around the root neck, wherein the width of the annular pit groove is 0.4-0.5m, the depth of the annular pit groove is 0.8-1m, then trimming the soil ball by using a shovel, inward reducing the diameter of the soil ball to 1/3 when half of the height of the soil ball is trimmed, and then flattening the edge of the soil ball to enable the soil ball to be smooth.
Preferably, the base fertilizer and the pond sludge in the step (2) are mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 3-10;
the surface is covered with 5-10cm thick pond sludge.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is decomposed poultry manure such as pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and the like.
Preferably, the tree is treated as follows before transplantation: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a protective agent on branches and leaves of a crown, wherein the protective agent is prepared from the following components: 15-40 parts of wax, 3-12 parts of kaolin, 2-8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15-40 parts of water and 3-8 parts of plant ash.
Because the wound and the seedling of the newly transplanted tree are more easily damaged by salt fog compared with the normal growth state, the protective film can be formed on the surfaces of the branches and leaves of the tree crown by spraying the protective agent on the surfaces of the branches and leaves of the tree crown, so that the salt fog resistant effect is achieved, the plant respiration can be weakened, and the plant transpiration effect can be reduced.
Preferably, the tree soil ball is treated as follows before transplanting:
1) drug treatment
The method comprises the following steps of trimming torn roots, injured roots and overlong roots to enable the cut surfaces of the cut roots to be smooth and flat without overgrowth and root rot, then spraying a rooting agent solution with the mass concentration of 3% -10% and a root rot resistant medicine with the mass concentration of 3% -10% on the whole soil ball in sequence, and spraying root sections and fine fibrous root systems in a key mode; the dosage is measured to be the degree that the root is not dripped after being completely wet by spraying, the sterilization and the root rot prevention are carried out, and the rapid rooting is promoted; the rooting agent is at least one of naphthylacetic acid, naphthylacetate, indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, indolebutyrate and indoleacetate.
2) Soil ball wrapping
The net cloth is adopted to compound the novel soil ball protection net bag to be tightly attached to the soil ball, and the base of the trunk of the arbor and the main branches are well wound by the straw ropes to preserve heat and moisture.
The protective net bag has good tensile resistance, water permeability and air permeability, is simple to operate, and saves time and labor; the net bag utilizes the fine non-woven fabrics of fine not only can block the scattering of the tiny earth of soil ball, can also keep the gas permeability that permeates water of soil, better remains the drug efficiency of root spraying.
The base part and the main branches of the tree trunk are wound and bound by straw ropes or felts, and the winding height is 1m-1.2m, so that the heat preservation and moisture preservation of the tree body are facilitated, and the tree bark can be protected to a certain extent in the arbor transplanting process.
Preferably, the tree crown is trimmed before the tree soil ball is transplanted,
comprising ① pruning the tree crown in ventilation property:
the branches of the inner hall, the branches of the sick and the pests, the unnecessary old branches and the weak branches are cut off, and the air permeability of the tree crown is improved on the basis of not influencing the landscape effect of the whole tree form. The trimming cut in the trimmed crown needs to be sawn and trimmed to be smooth, the trimming cut and the trimming cut are inclined to facilitate drainage, and rainwater is prevented from being retained to cause the corrosion of the wood of the trimming cut or the trimming cut. After trimming, the wound with the diameter larger than 2cm is disinfected and then treated by paraffin or paint to prevent the invasion of germs.
② trimming to adjust crown height ratio:
on the premise of meeting the design requirements and maintaining the big tree framework, the big tree with an overlarge crown is properly trimmed, the crown height ratio is adjusted to 1/3-1/2, and the wind resistance of the transplanted tree is improved. Cutting off peripheral branches by adopting a method of shrinking a crown, thinning unnecessary weak branches in the crown, keeping germinating branches with strong growing power, cutting 1/2-2/3 of the crown by connecting branches and leaves, and cutting 1/2-2/3 leaves on the remained branches.
③ adjusting crown center of gravity trimming:
properly trimming the trees with the partial crowns to ensure that the crowns of the plants are uniform and the center of gravity is centered.
Preferably, the transplanting in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
placing the transplanted tree soil ball into the soil ball fixing device, righting, backfilling soil, and fixing a trunk by adopting a wind-resistant conjoined support, wherein the trunk at 1/2-2/3 of the height of the tree is a fixed point;
when the soil is backfilled, filling the soil layer by layer, and tamping one layer each time. The backfill soil is made of soil with finer particles.
The wind-resistant conjoined bracket is composed of a plurality of bracket units, each bracket unit is composed of a circular iron hoop and three support frames which are respectively arranged at 120 degrees below the circular iron hoop, and the included angle between each support frame and the vertical direction is 45 degrees; the diameter of the round iron hoop is slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed point of the trunk; the plurality of support units are connected through a steel wire rope at the fixed point of the trunk.
The fixing device is of a cubic structure, a circular gap is reserved in the middle of the upper surface of the fixing device and is detachably connected with other surfaces of the fixing device, and each surface of the cubic structure is of a net-shaped structure.
Preferably, the diameter of the circular gap is smaller than the side length of the upper surface of the cube and slightly larger than the diameter of the bottom of the trunk.
Preferably, the eight sides of the cube are equal and are 1-1.2 times the maximum diameter of the soil ball.
Preferably, each side of the cube extends to 1.2-1.5 times the side length.
Preferably, the cubic structure is made of hollow plastic tubing.
Preferably, four sides of the upper surface plastic pipe are communicated with each other, and at least one water outlet hole is reserved on the lower side of the pipe wall.
Preferably, the net structure is woven by nylon ropes, and the holes of the net structure are (12/1-1/4) × (12/1-1/4) of the diameter of the trunk.
The root of the newly transplanted tree can be fixed by utilizing the structure, nutrient solution can be injected into the plastic pipe on the upper surface, fresh water is used for watering and the like, the growth of the newly transplanted tree is promoted, and the wind-break lodging of the newly transplanted tree under the condition of infirm growth caused by saline water watering, external force looseness and the like is avoided.
Preferably, the (4) post-transplant management comprises:
measures against salt spray
After no rainfall typhoon, the leaves are washed by fresh water in time, and the salt sedimentation of the leaves is diluted, so that the physiological harm of the leaves is effectively reduced.
The sand prevention net and the retaining wall are constructed at the position near the sea, so that sand is effectively prevented and blocked.
The sand retaining wall with the height of more than 1.5 meters is preferably constructed, shrubs and ground cover plants can be effectively protected, and the harm degree of salt mist can be reduced.
Preferably, the management further comprises maintenance management after typhoon hazard:
typhoon hazards in coastal areas mainly include the phenomena that arbors are blown or broken, head-broken trees occur, salt mist hazards occur and the like. Remedial measures after the storm hazard of a typhoon include:
① righting the blown arbor, re-building the support to fix, burying the exposed root system in soil, and covering with earth;
② timely cleaning off broken or seriously damaged arbor;
③ sawing off branches cut by typhoon, cutting off severely damaged branches and leaves, trimming properly, treating large cut with paraffin or paint, and spraying 200 times of thiophanate diluent to prevent germs from invading;
④ cleaning dead branches, rotten leaves, wood, and stone to avoid disease spreading;
⑤ loosening soil and draining accumulated water in time after rain to accelerate surface soil drying and avoid long-term plant soaking;
⑥ topdressing after typhoon, 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are used for topdressing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the survival rate of the large woody plant transplantation is remarkably improved, the lodging mortality and the nursery stock replacement rate after the tree transplantation are reduced, and the cost of the large woody plant transplantation is finally reduced;
2) the survival rate of woody plants is improved, and the cost for replacing the trees is reduced, so that the cost for transplanting and maintaining large-size arbors is reduced by about 20 percent;
3) the preferred mode of the invention sprays the protective agent on the tree crown leaves, which can improve the salt spray resistance of the trees, reduce the transpiration and improve the survival rate of the trees.
4) Wind-resistant disjunctor support and secret fixing device fix trees simultaneously, and construction simple process improves the firm degree of trees, and then has improved the anti-wind ability of trees, can reduce trees planting back short time because of the root of the trees that typhoon etc. caused is not hard up, has improved the anti external force of trees and has compelled evil ability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the fastening device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the fastening device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the wind-resistant conjoined support structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. The woody plant in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is a tree, such as one selected from the group consisting of coconut, okra, sugar coconut, gumbo, dwarf typha, lii-gumbo, kapok, cockscomb, ficus auriculata, hibiscus, and the like.
Example 1
A method for transplanting large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of planting holes
Preparing a planting hole with the diameter 30cm larger than the diameter of the soil ball at the root of the transplanted tree and the depth 50 cm; wherein the diameter of the soil ball is 8 times of the diameter of the trunk, the shape of the soil ball is 'inverted frustum shape',
(2) fertilizing
Before planting, mixing the base fertilizer and pond sludge according to the weight ratio of 1:5, filling the mixture to the bottom of a planting hole, and covering the surface with 8cm thick pond sludge; the base fertilizer is decomposed poultry manure such as pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and the like.
(3) Transplantation
Placing the transplanted tree soil ball into the soil ball fixing device, righting, backfilling soil, and fixing a trunk by adopting a wind-resistant conjoined support, wherein the trunk at 1/2 of the height of the tree is a fixed point;
when the soil is backfilled, filling the soil layer by layer, tamping one layer each time, wherein the backfilled soil is fine-grained soil.
As shown in fig. 3, the wind-resistant conjoined bracket is composed of a plurality of bracket units, each bracket unit is composed of a circular iron hoop and three support frames which are respectively arranged at 120 degrees below the circular iron hoop, and the included angle between each support frame and the vertical direction is 45 degrees; the diameter of the round iron hoop is slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed point of the trunk; the plurality of support units are connected through a steel wire rope at the fixed point of the trunk.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fixing device is a cubic structure, a circular gap is left in the middle of the upper surface of the fixing device and is detachably connected with other surfaces, the rest surfaces of the cubic structure are net-shaped structures, the cubic structure is made of hollow plastic pipes, four sides of the upper surface plastic pipes are mutually communicated, a water outlet hole is left on the lower side of the pipe wall,
the net structure is woven by nylon ropes, and the holes of the net structure are 12/1 multiplied by 12/1 of the diameter of a trunk.
In addition, the tree is treated as follows before transplantation: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a protective agent on branches and leaves of a crown, wherein the protective agent is prepared from the following components: 30 parts of wax, 3 parts of kaolin, 2 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 40 parts of water and 5 parts of plant ash.
Drug treatment
Pruning torn roots, injured roots and overlong roots to ensure that the cut surfaces of the cut roots are smooth and even without overgrowth and rotten roots, then spraying the whole soil ball in sequence by using a rooting agent, namely a naphthylacetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 3% -10% and a root rot resistant medicine with the mass concentration of 3% -10%, and spraying root sections and fine fibrous root systems in a key way; the dosage is measured to be the degree that the root is not dripped after being completely wet by spraying, the sterilization and the root rot prevention are carried out, and the rapid rooting is promoted;
soil ball wrapping
The net cloth is adopted to compound a novel soil ball protection net bag to be tightly attached to the soil ball, and the base part and the main branches of the trunk of the arbor are well wound by straw ropes for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
the tree crown is trimmed, and the tree crown is trimmed,
comprising ① pruning the tree crown in ventilation property:
the branches of the inner hall, the branches of the sick and the pests, the unnecessary old branches and the weak branches are cut off, and the air permeability of the tree crown is improved on the basis of not influencing the landscape effect of the whole tree form. The trimming cut in the trimmed crown needs to be sawn and trimmed to be smooth, the trimming cut and the trimming cut are inclined to facilitate drainage, and rainwater is prevented from being retained to cause the corrosion of the wood of the trimming cut or the trimming cut. After the cut is cut, the wound with the diameter larger than 2cm is disinfected and then treated by paraffin or paint, and pathogenic bacteria are prevented from invading;
② trimming to adjust crown height ratio:
on the premise of meeting the design requirements and keeping the big tree framework, properly trimming the big tree with an overlarge crown, adjusting the crown height ratio to 1/2, and improving the wind resistance of the transplanted tree; cutting off peripheral branches by adopting a method of shrinking a crown, thinning unnecessary weak branches in the crown, reserving budding branches with strong growing power, cutting 1/2 of the crown by connecting branches and leaves, and cutting 1/2 of leaves on the reserved branches;
③ adjusting crown center of gravity trimming:
properly trimming the trees with the partial crowns to ensure that the crowns of the plants are uniform and the center of gravity is centered.
(4) Post-transplant management
Measures against salt spray
After no rainfall typhoon, the leaves are washed by fresh water in time, and the salt sedimentation of the leaves is diluted, so that the physiological harm of the leaves is effectively reduced.
The sand prevention net and the retaining wall are constructed at the position near the sea, so that sand is effectively prevented and blocked.
The sand retaining wall with the height of more than 1.5 meters is preferably constructed, shrubs and ground cover plants can be effectively protected, and the harm degree of salt mist can be reduced.
And (3) maintenance and management after typhoon damage:
remedial measures after the storm hazard of a typhoon include:
① righting the blown arbor, re-building the support to fix, burying the exposed root system in soil, and covering with earth;
② timely cleaning off broken or seriously damaged arbor;
③ sawing off branches cut by typhoon, cutting off severely damaged branches and leaves, trimming properly, treating large cut with paraffin or paint, and spraying 200 times of thiophanate diluent to prevent germs from invading;
④ cleaning dead branches, rotten leaves, wood, and stone to avoid disease spreading;
⑤ loosening soil and draining accumulated water in time after rain to accelerate surface soil drying and avoid long-term plant soaking;
⑥ topdressing after typhoon, 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are used for topdressing.
Example 2
A method for transplanting large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil, which is different from the method in example 1 in that the protective agent is not sprayed before the transplanting.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for transplanting the large-size woody plants in the coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized in that,
(3) transplantation
Placing the transplanted tree soil ball into the planting hole, strengthening, backfilling soil, and fixing a trunk by using a wind-resistant conjoined support, wherein the trunk at 1/2 of the height of the tree is a fixed point;
when the soil is backfilled, filling the soil layer by layer, tamping one layer each time, wherein the backfilled soil is fine-grained soil. As shown in fig. 3, the wind-resistant conjoined bracket is composed of a plurality of bracket units, each bracket unit is composed of a circular iron hoop and three support frames which are respectively arranged at 120 degrees below the circular iron hoop, and the included angle between each support frame and the vertical direction is 45 degrees; the diameter of the round iron hoop is slightly larger than the diameter of the fixed point of the trunk; the plurality of support units are connected through a steel wire rope at the fixed point of the trunk.
In addition, the tree is treated as follows before transplantation: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a protective agent on branches and leaves of a crown, wherein the protective agent is prepared from the following components: 30 parts of wax, 3 parts of kaolin, 2 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 40 parts of water and 5 parts of plant ash.
Drug treatment
Pruning torn roots, injured roots and overlong roots to ensure that the cut surfaces of the cut roots are smooth and even without overgrowth and rotten roots, then spraying the whole soil ball in sequence by using a rooting agent, namely a naphthylacetic acid solution with the mass concentration of 3% -10% and a root rot resistant medicine with the mass concentration of 3% -10%, and spraying root sections and fine fibrous root systems in a key way; the dosage is measured to be the degree that the root is not dripped after being completely wet by spraying, the sterilization and the root rot prevention are carried out, and the rapid rooting is promoted;
soil ball wrapping
The net cloth is adopted to compound a novel soil ball protection net bag to be tightly attached to the soil ball, and the base part and the main branches of the trunk of the arbor are well wound by straw ropes for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
the tree crown is trimmed, and the tree crown is trimmed,
comprising ① pruning the tree crown in ventilation property:
the branches of the inner hall, the branches of the sick and the pests, the unnecessary old branches and the weak branches are cut off, and the air permeability of the tree crown is improved on the basis of not influencing the landscape effect of the whole tree form. The trimming cut in the trimmed crown needs to be sawn and trimmed to be smooth, the trimming cut and the trimming cut are inclined to facilitate drainage, and rainwater is prevented from being retained to cause the corrosion of the wood of the trimming cut or the trimming cut. After the cut is cut, the wound with the diameter larger than 2cm is disinfected and then treated by paraffin or paint, and pathogenic bacteria are prevented from invading;
② trimming to adjust crown height ratio:
on the premise of meeting the design requirements and keeping the big tree framework, properly trimming the big tree with an overlarge crown, adjusting the crown height ratio to 1/2, and improving the wind resistance of the transplanted tree; cutting off peripheral branches by adopting a method of shrinking a crown, thinning unnecessary weak branches in the crown, reserving budding branches with strong growing power, cutting 1/2 of the crown by connecting branches and leaves, and cutting 1/2 of leaves on the reserved branches;
③ adjusting crown center of gravity trimming:
properly trimming the trees with the partial crowns to ensure that the crowns of the plants are uniform and the center of gravity is centered.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for transplanting the large-size woody plants in the coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized in that,
step (2) is omitted, and the operation of step (4) is:
after planting, mixing the base fertilizer and pond sludge according to the weight ratio of 1:5, burying the mixture around the plant hole part, and covering the surface with 8cm thick pond sludge; the base fertilizer is decomposed poultry manure such as pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and the like.
Effect test
1. Salt spray resistance test
The test method comprises the following steps:
100 trees are taken and randomly divided into 5 groups, and each group comprises 20 trees, wherein saturated NaCl solution is sprayed on the trees 15 days after the trees are transplanted in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2, and the saturated NaCl solution is sprayed every 3 hours until water can drop on leaves, and the saturated NaCl solution is continuously sprayed for 6 days. And simultaneously spraying clear water to the blank control group by the same method.
Starting on the day of salt spray treatment, the total number of detached leaves with symptoms of salt spray stress was recorded, wherein the detached leaves with symptoms of salt spray stress appeared as: leaf margin decolorization, slight yellow, yellowish brown, decolorization, slight yellow leaf tip, yellow spot, slight brown leaf tip, slight brown leaf margin, brown leaf tip, brown leaf margin, slight brown spot, flaky brown spot, and brown leaf tip. The statistical results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 statistics of salt spray resistance of transplanted trees in each experimental example
| Number of leaves in vitro forced by salt fog | |
| Blank control group | 0 |
| Example 1 | 3 |
| Example 2 | 40 |
| Comparative example 1 | 46 |
| Comparative example 2 | 62 |
2. Test for wind resistance
80 arbors were taken and randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 arbors each. Counting the survival conditions of the trees planted in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 after 12 months of planting (after typhoon for more than 3 times, the maximum wind power reaches 30 meters per second), and grading the wind resistance of the trees, wherein the first grade is no influence; the second level is that only a few branches and leaves fall off, and the damaged trees can be recovered in a short period; the third level is the phenomenon that the tree has root uprooting, and can recover, but needs long time; the fourth grade is that the tree is damaged and cannot be recovered. The statistical results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 statistical conditions of the wind resistance of transplanted trees in each experimental example
The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for transplanting large-size woody plants in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of planting holes
Preparing a planting hole with the diameter larger than the diameter of the soil ball at the root of the transplanted tree;
(2) fertilizing
Before planting, mixing base fertilizer and pond sludge, filling the mixture to the bottom of a planting hole, and covering the surface with pond sludge;
(3) transplantation
After the transplanted tree is righted, fixing the transplanted tree soil ball by using a fixing device, and then fixing the trunk by using a wind-resistant conjoined bracket;
(4) post-transplant management
Carrying out topdressing on the trees damaged by typhoon and rainstorm by using a nitrogen fertilizer outside roots;
the fixing device is of a cubic structure, a circular gap is reserved in the middle of the upper surface of the fixing device and is detachably connected with other surfaces, and each surface of the cubic structure is of a net structure; eight sides of the cube are equal and are 1-1.2 times of the maximum diameter of the soil ball; the cubic structure is made of a hollow plastic pipe; four sides of the upper surface plastic pipe are communicated with each other, and at least one water outlet hole is reserved on the lower side of the pipe wall; the net structure is woven by nylon ropes, and the holes of the net structure are (12/1-1/4) × (12/1-1/4) of the diameter of a trunk;
mixing the base fertilizer and the pond sludge in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-10; covering the surface with 5-10cm thick pond sludge;
wherein, the trunk at 1/2-2/3 of the tree height in the step (3) is a fixed point;
in the step (3), the tree is treated as follows before being transplanted: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a protective agent on branches and leaves of a crown, wherein the protective agent is prepared from the following components: 15-40 parts of wax, 3-12 parts of kaolin, 2-8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15-40 parts of water and 3-8 parts of plant ash.
2. The transplantation method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen fertilizer in step (4) is 0.1-0.5% by weight.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said tree soil ball is treated as follows prior to transplanting:
1) drug treatment
The method comprises the following steps of trimming torn roots, injured roots and overlong roots to enable the cut surfaces of the cut roots to be smooth and flat without overgrowth and root rot, then spraying a rooting agent solution with the mass concentration of 3% -10% and a root rot resistant medicine with the mass concentration of 3% -10% on the whole soil ball in sequence, and spraying root sections and fine fibrous root systems in a key mode; the dosage is measured to be the degree that the root is not dripped after being completely wet by spraying, the sterilization and the root rot prevention are carried out, and the rapid rooting is promoted;
2) soil ball wrapping
The net cloth is adopted to compound the novel soil ball protection net bag to be tightly attached to the soil ball, and the base of the trunk of the arbor and the main branches are well wound by the straw ropes to preserve heat and moisture.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the rooting agent is at least one of naphthylacetic acid, naphthylacetate, indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, indolebutyrate and indoleacetate.
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| CN109258254B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2021-04-06 | 青岛睿鸿鑫环保科技有限公司 | Application of water-soluble polymer in preparation of plant protective agent for protecting plant leaf surfaces from being damaged by salt spray |
| CN111328619A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-06-26 | 江苏永威环境科技股份有限公司 | Method for planting erythrina cockscomb in Jiangsu coastal saline-alkali soil in remediation mode |
| CN112166927A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | Planting method for improving typhoon resistance of arbor in south coastal region |
| CN112772345B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-11-01 | 江西春晖生态蓝莓发展有限公司 | Small sapling transplanting device |
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