CN108463346A - 涂布的取向的线性低密度聚乙烯膜 - Google Patents

涂布的取向的线性低密度聚乙烯膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108463346A
CN108463346A CN201780005772.6A CN201780005772A CN108463346A CN 108463346 A CN108463346 A CN 108463346A CN 201780005772 A CN201780005772 A CN 201780005772A CN 108463346 A CN108463346 A CN 108463346A
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China
Prior art keywords
multilayer film
layer
biaxially oriented
film
surface layer
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CN201780005772.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
B·安布鲁斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jinda America Co Ltd
Jindal Films Americas LLC
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Jinda America Co Ltd
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Publication of CN108463346A publication Critical patent/CN108463346A/zh
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Abstract

双轴取向的多层膜，其中所述膜可以包括包含线性低密度聚乙烯的芯层，并且芯层任选被空化。所述膜还可以包括位于芯层的第一侧面上的第一表层和位于芯层的第二侧面上的第二表层，其中第一表层和第二表层包括线性，相同或不同类型的高密度聚乙烯。此外，所述膜可以在第二表层的外表面上包含水基底漆，其中外表面背离芯层。此外，所述膜可以包括在第一表层上的密封涂层和在第二表层上的阻隔涂层，其中密封涂层和阻隔涂层是水基的。

Description

涂布的取向的线性低密度聚乙烯膜
相关申请的引用
本申请是专利合作条约(PCT)申请，其要求2016年1月6日提交的序列号为62/275,610的美国临时专利申请的优先权，其全部内容引入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本申请的公开内容涉及薄层涂布的、取向的线性低密度聚乙烯膜、其方法和应用。
背景技术
流延或吹塑未取向聚乙烯("PE")或聚丙烯("PP")膜广泛用作包装或其它应用中的密封剂。这种膜通常具有普通的物理性能，因此与其它纤网材料如纸，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯("PET")，双轴取向的("BO")聚丙烯("PP")，聚酰胺如尼龙，铝箔或其它材料组合以提供阻隔保护。本申请的公开内容提供了新的多层膜及方法，其结合了阻隔保护与增强的密封性能，例如高密封强度、显著的气密密封以及密封区域中对于例如流体、油、粉末或纤维穿透污染的高封堵性。而且，这些新型多层膜在减小厚度的情况下提供了阻隔保护与增强的密封性能，从而转化为减少包装用量的同时提供相同或改进的性能。为了实现这些增强的密封和阻隔性能，本申请公开了具有水基涂层的新型和薄的取向的线性低密度聚乙烯("LLDPE")多层膜，这是重要的，因为这些膜通常具有低的机械性能，其通常不能承受涂布过程并且通过干燥器烘箱除去涂层中的水分。有利的是，该多层膜也可以空化以提供光阻挡，白色外观和产率优势，即每千克膜更多的表面。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施方案中，本申请公开了一种双轴取向的多层膜，其中所述膜可以包括芯层，该芯层包含线性低密度聚乙烯，并且所述芯层任选地被空化，以影响所述膜是否至少基本上透明的或白色不透明的，后者是借助于空化。所述膜可进一步包括在芯层第一侧上的第一表层和在芯层第二侧上的第二表层，其中第一表层和第二表层包含相同或不同类型的线性低密度聚乙烯。此外，所述膜可以在第二表皮层的外表面上包含水基底漆，其中外表面背离芯层。此外进一步地，所述膜可以包括在第一表层上的密封涂层和在第二表层上的阻隔涂层，其中密封涂层和阻隔涂层是水基的。
发明详述
为了方便起见，参照附图使用诸如"上方"，"下方"，"上部"，"下部"，"前部"，"后部"，"顶部"，"底部"等方向性术语。一般来说，"在...上方"，"上"，"向上"，"顶部"和类似术语是指离开地球表面的方向，以及"在...下方"，"下方"，"向下"，"底部"术语是指朝向地球表面的方向，但是仅用于说明目的，并且这些术语并不意味着限制本申请的公开内容。
现在描述各种实施方案，样式和实施例，包括为了理解目的而在此采用的示例性实施方案和定义。尽管下面的详细描述给出了具体的优选实施方案，但是本领域技术人员将认识到，这些实施方案仅是示例性的，并且本申请的公开内容可以以其它方式实施。为了确定侵权，本发明的范围将参照任何权利要求，包括它们的等同物，以及与所述权利要求等同的要素或限定。
如本文所用，"聚合物"可以用于指均聚物，共聚物，共聚体，三元共聚物等。类似地，"共聚物"可以指包含两种单体的聚合物或包含三种或更多种单体的聚合物。
如本文所用，"中间"被定义为多层膜的一个层的位置，其中所述层位于两个其它确定层之间。在一些实施方案中，中间层可以与两个确定层中的任一个或两个直接接触。在其它实施方案中，附加层也可以存在于中间层与两个所确定层中的任一个或两个之间。
如本文所用，"弹性体"被定义为基于丙烯或基于乙烯的共聚物，其可以用力延伸或拉伸到其原始长度的至少100％，并且在去除力后快速(例如，在5秒)返回到其原始尺寸。
如本文所用，"塑性体"定义为基于丙烯或乙烯的共聚物，其密度为0.850g/cm3至0.920g/cm3且DSC熔点至少为40℃。
如本文所用，"基本上不含"被定义为表示所提及的膜层主要但不是完全不存在特定组分。在一些实施方案中，由于标准制造方法，其中包括在加工期间膜碎片回收和边缘修整，少量的组分可以存在于所提及的层内。
在各种实施方案中，公开了多层膜，典型地为具有改进的密封性能的聚合物膜，其包含芯层，任选地在芯的一侧或两侧上一个或多个中间连接层，在芯(或一个或多个连接层，如果存在)的至少一侧上的密封层，并且在一些实施例中包括在芯的两侧上的密封层(任选地其间具有一个或多个连接层)。密封层可以被处理和金属化，并且任选地具有聚合物涂层，无论是否具有底漆，和/或表层。
芯层
如本领域技术人员所知，多层膜的芯层最通常是最厚的层并且提供了多层结构的基础。在一些实施方案中，芯层基本上由线性低密度聚乙烯("LLDPE")组成并且基本上不含其它组分。在替代的实施方案中，芯还可以包含较少量的其它聚合物，其选自丙烯聚合物，乙烯聚合物，乙烯-丙烯共聚物，乙烯-丙烯-丁烯三元共聚物，弹性体，塑性体，及其组合。尽管没有以任何方式限制，但合适的LLDPE的两个实例是：(1)具有1至3g/10min的熔融指数(在190℃-2.13Kg条件下测量)，0.915至0.930g/cm3的密度和115至135℃的熔融峰。
芯层可以还包含烃树脂。烃树脂可以用来增强或改善挠曲模量，改善可加工性或改善膜的阻隔性能。该树脂可以是与芯聚合物相容的低分子量烃。任选地，该树脂可以被氢化。该树脂可具有小于5000，优选小于2000，最优选500-1000范围的数均分子量。该树脂可以是天然的或合成的，并且可以具有在60℃至180℃范围内的软化点。
合适的烃树脂包括但不限于石油树脂，萜烯树脂，苯乙烯树脂和环戊二烯树脂。在一些实施方案中，烃树脂选自脂族烃树脂，氢化脂族烃树脂，脂族/芳族烃树脂，氢化脂族芳族烃树脂，脂环族烃树脂，氢化脂环族树脂，脂环族/芳族烃树脂，氢化脂环族/芳族烃树脂，氢化芳族烃树脂，多萜树脂，萜烯酚树脂，松香和松香酯，氢化松香和松香酯，以及它们的组合。
适用于本申请的烃树脂包括EMPR 120,104,111,106,112,115,EMFR 100和100A,ECR-373以及2101,2203,2520,5380,5600,5618,5690(可商购自ExxonMobilChemical Company,Baytown,Tex.)；ARKONTM M90,Ml00,Ml15和Ml35以及SUPER ESTERTM松香酯(可商购自日本Arakawa Chemical Company)；SYLVARESTM苯酚改性苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯树脂、苯乙烯基化萜烯树脂、ZONATACTM萜烯-芳族树脂,以及萜烯酚醛树脂(可商购自Arizona Chemical Company,Jacksonville,Fla.)；SYLVATACTM和SYLVALITETM松香酯(可商购自Arizona Chemical Company,Jacksonville,Fla.)；NORSOLENETM脂肪族芳族树脂(可商购自法国Cray Valley),DERTOPHENETM萜烯酚醛树脂(可商购自DRT Chemical Company,Landes,法国)；EASTOTACTM树脂,PICCOTACTM C5/C9树脂,REGALITETM以及REGALREZTM芳族以及REGALITETM环脂族/芳族树脂(可商购自Eastman Chemical Company,Kingsport,Tenn.)；WINGTACKTM ET以及EXTRATM(可商购自Sartomer,Exton,Pa.)；FORALTM,PENTALYNTM以及PERMALYNTM松香以及松香酯(可商购自Hercules,现Eastman Chemical Company,Kingsport,Tenn.)；QUINTONETM酸改性C5树脂,C5/C9树脂以及酸改性C5/C9树脂(可商购自日本Nippon Zeon)；以及LXTM混合芳族/环脂族树脂(可商购自Neville Chemical Company,Pittsburgh,Pa.)；CLEARONTM氢化萜烯芳族树脂(可商购自日本Yasuhara),以及PICCOLYTETM(可商购自Loos&Dilworth,Inc.,Bristol,Pa.)。其它的适合的烃类树脂公开在美国专利US 5,667,902中,其引入本文作为参考。以上实例仅仅是说明性而决非限制。
基于芯层的总重量，在芯层中单独或组合的这些烃树脂的量优选少于20重量％，更优选1重量％至5重量％。
芯层可以还包含一种或多种添加剂，例如不透明剂，颜料，着色剂，空化剂，增滑剂，抗氧化剂，防雾剂，抗静电剂，填料，防潮添加剂，气体阻隔添加剂及其组合，如下面进一步详细讨论的。合适的抗静电剂是ARMOSTATTM 475(可购自伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的阿克苏诺贝尔公司)。
基于芯层的总重量，空化剂可以以小于30重量％，优选小于20重量％，最优选2重量％至10重量％的量存在于芯层中。
优选地，芯层中的添加剂的总量占芯层的至多约20重量％，但是一些实施方案可以在芯层中包含最多达芯层的约30重量％的添加剂。
芯层优选具有约5μm至100μm，更优选约5μm至50μm，最优选5μm至25μm的厚度。
连接层
多层膜的连接层典型地用于连接多层膜结构的两个其它层，例如芯层和密封层，并位于这些其它层的中间。与芯层相比，连接层可以具有相同或不同的组成。
在一些实施方案中，连接层与芯层的表面直接接触。在其它实施方案中，另一个或多个层可以位于核心层和连接层的中间。该连接层可以包含一种或多种聚合物。另外，聚合物可以包括C2聚合物，C3聚合物，C2C3无规共聚物，C2C3C4无规三元共聚物，异相无规共聚物，C4均聚物，C4共聚物，金属茂聚合物，基于丙烯或基于乙烯的弹性体和/或塑性体，或其组合。例如，一种聚合物可以是一定级别的VISTAMAXXTM聚合物(可从德克萨斯州贝敦的埃克森美孚化工公司购得)，例如VM6100和VM3000等级。或者，合适的聚合物可以包括VERSIFYTM聚合物(可从密歇根州米德兰的陶氏化学公司商购获得)，Basell CATALLOYTM树脂例如ADFLEXTMT100F，SOFTELLTM Q020F，CLYRELLTM SM1340(可从荷兰Basell聚烯烃商购获得)，PB(丙烯-丁烯-1)无规共聚物，例如Basell PB 8340(可从荷兰的Basell Polyolefins商购获得)，Borealis BORSOFTTM SD233CF(可从丹麦的Borealis商购获得)，EXCEED TM 1012CA和1018CA茂金属聚乙烯，EXACTTM5361,4049,5371,8201,4150,3132聚乙烯塑性体，EMCC3022.32低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)(可从德克萨斯州贝敦的埃克森美孚化学公司购得)。
在一些实施方案中，连接层可以还包含一种或多种添加剂，例如不透明剂，颜料，着色剂，空化剂，增滑剂，抗氧化剂，防雾剂，抗静电剂，防粘剂，填料，防潮层添加剂，阻气添加剂及其组合，如下面进一步详细讨论的。
连接层的厚度通常在约0.50至25μm的范围内，优选约0.50μm至12μm，更优选约0.50μm至6μm，最优选约2.5μm至5μm。然而，在一些较薄的膜中，连接层厚度可以为约0.5μm至4μm，或约0.5μm至2μm，或约0.5μm至1.5μm。
表层是任选的，并且当存在时，在连接层或芯层的外表面上提供。可以提供表层以提高膜的阻隔性，可加工性，可印刷性和/或用于金属化，涂覆和层压至其它膜或基材的相容性。
在一些实施方案中，表层包含选自以下的至少一种聚合物：聚乙烯聚合物或共聚物，聚丙烯聚合物或共聚物，乙烯-丙烯共聚物，乙烯-丙烯-丁烯("EPB")三元共聚物，丙烯-丁烯共聚物，乙烯-乙烯醇聚合物及其组合。优选地，聚乙烯聚合物是LLDPE，例如来自ExxonMobil Chemicals的Exceed TM树脂或来自Prime Polymer的EvolueTM树脂或来自Dow的EliteTM树脂。合适的乙烯-丙烯共聚物是Fina 8573(可从德克萨斯州达拉斯的Fina OilCompany购得)。合适的EPB三元共聚物是Chisso 7510和7794(可从日本的ChissoCorporation商购获得)。为了涂布和印刷功能，表层可优选进行表面处理。对于金属化或阻隔性能，表层可含有LLDPE或乙烯乙烯醇基聚合物("EVOH")。合适的EVOH共聚物为EVALTMG176B或XEP 1300(可从日本的Kuraray Company Ltd.购得)。
如下面进一步详细讨论的，表层还可以包含加工助剂添加剂，如防粘剂，抗静电剂，滑爽剂及其组合。
表层的厚度取决于表层的期望功能，但通常在约0.50μm至3.5μm的范围内，优选约0.50μm至2μm，并且在许多实施例中最优选约0.50μm到1.5μm。而且，在较薄的膜实施例中，表层厚度可以在约0.50μm至1.0μm或0.50μm至0.75μm的范围内。
涂层
在一些实施例中，例如用于阻隔，印刷和/或处理的一个或多个涂层可以施加到多层膜的外表面。例如，涂层可以直接在连接层的外表面(即，背向芯的那些表面)上，在芯层的任一侧或两侧，或其他地方。这种涂层可以包括丙烯酸类聚合物，例如乙烯丙烯酸(EAA)，乙烯丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)，聚偏二氯乙烯(PVdC)，聚(乙烯)醇(PVOH)和EVOH。涂层可以通过乳液或溶液涂布技术或通过共挤出和/或层压施加。
适合与多层膜一起使用的PVdC涂料是迄今为止用作膜制造操作中的涂料的任何已知PVdC组合物，例如专利号为US 4,214,039，US4,447,494，US4,961,992，US5,019,447和US 5,057,177的美国专利中公开的PVdC材料，在此引入作为参考。
已知的基于乙烯醇的涂料(例如PVOH和EVOH)适合与多层膜一起使用，包括VINOLTM125或VINOLTM 325(均可从Air Products，Inc.,Allentown，PA商购获得)。其它的PVOH涂料公开在专利号为US5,230,963的美国专利，在此引入作为参考。
在将涂料组合物涂覆到适当的基材上之前，可以如本文所述对膜的外表面进行处理以增加其表面能。这种处理可以通过采用已知的技术来完成，例如火焰处理，等离子体，电晕放电，膜氯化，例如将膜表面暴露于气态氯，用氧化剂如铬酸处理，热空气或蒸汽处理，火焰处理等。尽管这些技术中的任何一种都被有效地用于预处理膜表面，但是常用的优选方法是电晕放电，一种电子处理方法，其包括使膜表面暴露于高压电晕放电同时使膜通过一对隔开的电极。在处理膜表面之后，然后将涂料组合物施加到其上。
涂料组合物可以作为水基溶液施加到膜上。涂料组合物可以以任何方便的方式施加到处理过的表面上，例如通过凹版涂布，辊涂，浸渍，喷涂等。多余的水溶液可以通过挤压辊，刮刀等去除。
添加剂
可存在于多层膜的一层或多层中的添加剂包括但不限于不透明剂，颜料，着色剂，空化剂，爽滑剂，抗氧化剂，防雾剂，抗静电剂，防粘连剂，填料，水分阻隔添加剂，气体阻隔添加剂及其组合。这些添加剂可以以有效量使用，其根据所需性质而变化。添加剂如氧气清除剂或气体清除剂可以添加到任何层中。
合适的不透明剂，颜料或着色剂的实例是氧化铁，炭黑，铝，二氧化钛(TiO2)，碳酸钙(CaCO3)，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)，滑石，β成核剂及其组合。
空蚀或空隙引发添加剂可以包括任何合适的有机或无机材料，其在双轴取向的温度下与其添加的层(一个或多个)的聚合物材料不相容，以便产生不透明膜。合适的引起空隙的颗粒的实例是PBT，尼龙，实心或空心预成形玻璃球，金属珠或球，陶瓷球，碳酸钙，滑石，白垩或其组合。空隙引发颗粒的平均直径通常可以从约0.1至10μm。
滑爽剂可包括高级脂族酸酰胺，高级脂族酸酯，蜡，硅油和金属皂。基于它所加入的层的总重量，这种滑爽剂可以以0.1重量％至2重量％的量使用。可能有用的滑爽添加剂的例子是高分子PDSM(聚二甲基硅氧烷)硅酮胶。
用于多层膜的一个或多个表层中的非迁移滑爽剂可以包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。根据层厚度和所需的滑爽性，非迁移滑爽剂的平均粒度可以在约0.5μm至8μm，或1μm至5μm，或2μm至4μm的范围内。或者，非迁移滑爽剂，如PMMA中的颗粒的尺寸可以大于含有滑爽剂的表层厚度的20％，或大于表层厚度的40％或者大于表层厚度的50％。这种非迁移滑爽剂的颗粒的尺寸也可以比表层的厚度大至少10％，或者比表层的厚度大至少20％，或者比表层的厚度大至少40％。通常考虑球形的颗粒非迁移滑爽剂，包括PMMA树脂，如EPOSTARTM(可商购自日本Nippon Shokubai Co.,Ltd.)。其它商业来源的合适材料也是已知存在的。非迁移意味着这些颗粒通常不会以迁移滑爽剂的方式改变贯穿膜层的位置。也考虑了常规的聚二烷基硅氧烷，例如粘度为10,000至2,000,000厘托的硅油或硅酮胶添加剂。
合适的抗氧化剂可以包括酚类抗氧化剂，例如1010(商购自瑞士Ciba-Geigy Company)。基于其所加入的层的总重量，这种抗氧化剂的用量通常为0.1重量％至2重量％。
抗静电剂可以包括碱金属磺酸盐，聚醚改性的聚二有机硅氧烷，聚烷基苯基硅氧烷和叔胺。基于层的总重量，这种抗静电剂的用量可以为约0.05重量％至3重量％。
合适的防粘连剂的实例可以包括基于硅的产品，例如44(可商购自Grace Davison Products,Colombia,Md)，PMMA颗粒如EPOSTARTM(可商购自日本NipponShokubai Co.,Ltd.)，或聚硅氧烷如TOSPEARLTM(可商购自GE Bayer Silicones,Wilton，Conn)。这样的防粘连剂包含有效量达到其所加入层的重量的约3000ppm。
有用的填料可以包括细碎的无机固体材料，例如二氧化硅，热解法二氧化硅，硅藻土，碳酸钙，硅酸钙，硅酸铝，高岭土，滑石，膨润土，粘土和纸浆。
合适的水分和气体阻隔添加剂可以包括有效量的低分子量树脂，烃树脂，特别是石油树脂，苯乙烯树脂，环戊二烯树脂和萜烯树脂。
任选地，一个或多个表层可以涂覆有含蜡涂层以获得润滑性，其量为2wt％至15wt％，基于表层的总重量。考虑任何常用的蜡，例如但不限于可用于热塑性膜的CarnaubaTM蜡(可从俄亥俄州辛辛那提市的Michelman公司购得)。
取向
实施方案包括多层膜的可能的单轴或双轴取向。在挤出方向上的取向被称为纵向(MD)取向。垂直于挤出方向的取向被称为横向(TD)取向。取向可以通过首先在MD中拉伸或拉动膜然后进行TD取向来完成。吹塑膜或流延膜也可以在膜挤出工艺之后通过拉幅机取向而取向，再次在一个或两个方向上。取向可以是按顺序的或同时的，取决于所需的膜特征。优选的取向比率通常为纵向上约三倍至约六倍的挤出宽度和横向上约四倍至约十倍挤出宽度。典型的工业取向方法是BOPP拉幅过程，吹塑膜和LISIM技术。
表面处理
可以对多层膜的一个或两个外表面，和特别是阻隔涂层和/或密封涂层连同任选涂底漆的任意表层的外表面进行表面处理以增加表面能以促使膜能够接受金属化、涂层如印刷和/或处理的表皮、印刷油墨和/或层压。表面处理可根据本领域已知的方法之一进行，包括电晕放电，火焰，等离子体，化学处理或借助极化火焰处理。
金属化
多层膜的外表面(即背向芯的一侧)可以被金属化。例如，密封层和/或表层的外表面可以在任选地被处理之后进行金属化。金属化可以通过常规方法进行，例如通过沉积金属层例如铝，铜，银，铬或其混合物的真空金属化和/或通过使用金属氧化物来实现。
涂底漆
可以将底漆涂层("底漆")施加到多层膜的任何表面上。在这种情况下，膜可以首先通过前述方法之一进行处理，以在其上提供增加的活性粘合位点并且与这样处理的膜表面可以随后施加底漆的连续涂层，其包括例如环氧树脂和聚(乙烯亚胺)(PEI)。美国专利US3,753,769，US4,058,645和US4,439,493公开上述底漆的使用和涂布,分别引入本文作为参考。该底漆提供了整体的粘合活性表面，以便与随后涂覆的涂料组合物彻底且牢固地粘合，并且可以通过常规的溶液涂覆手段，例如通过辊涂施加到膜上。
本文中的薄膜在某些实施方案中被表征为双轴取向的。膜可以通过本领域已知的任何合适的技术制造，例如拉幅工艺，双泡工艺，LISIMTM等。此外，工作条件，温度设置，线速度等将根据所用设备的类型和尺寸而变化。尽管如此，一般在此描述的是制造贯穿本申请的公开内容描述的膜的一种方法。在一个特定实施方案中，使用"拉幅"方法形成膜并进行双轴取向。在拉幅工艺中，将各种材料的片材/薄膜熔融共混并共挤出，例如通过3，4，5，7层模头，成为所需的薄膜结构。挤出机可用于熔融混合熔融层材料，然后将熔体流计量加入模具中。然后使用空气，水或两者冷却挤出的片材。
在拉伸过程实施方案的此实施例中的第一冷却步骤的下游，通过任何合适的手段，例如加热的S形卷绕辊，将未取向的片材再加热至从60至100或120或150℃的温度，以及然后在紧密间隔的差速辊之间通过以实现纵向取向。本领域技术人员应该理解，该温度范围可以根据设备，特别是构成膜的组分的特性和组成而变化。理想情况下，温度低于可使薄膜熔化或使其变粘并粘附在设备上的温度，但其温度足够高以促进纵向取向过程。值得注意的是，这里所指的温度是指膜本身温度。薄膜温度可以通过使用例如红外光谱学来测量，当其正在被处理时，该光源瞄准该薄膜；本领域技术人员将会理解，测量实际薄膜温度可能不精确和/或不完全准确。在这种情况下，本领域技术人员可以通过知道通过任何合适的手段测量的与膜紧邻的空气或辊的温度来估计膜的温度。取决于仪器，用于膜生产线的加热装置可以设定在任何适当的加热水平，以达到所述或所需的膜温度。
随后，将延长且变薄的薄膜冷却并传送至生产线的拉幅机部分以进行TD取向。此时，片材的边缘通过连续链条上的机械夹子抓住并拉入长时间精确控制的热风烘箱中进行预热步骤。在预热步骤中，膜温度可以在80或110至150或160℃的范围内。同样，温度理想地低于将熔化薄膜的温度，但是足够高以促进横向取向的步骤。接下来，片材的边缘通过连续链条上的机械夹子抓住并拉入长的精确控制的热风烘箱中以横向拉伸。拉幅链分叉所需量以在横向方向上拉伸薄膜，其温度足够高以促进横向方向的步骤，但足够低以致不熔化薄膜。在拉伸至所需的横向取向之后，然后将膜冷却拉伸温度以下的5℃至10或15或20或30或40℃，并且在任何修边之前释放机械夹。其后，可以进行任选的电晕或任何其它处理，随后卷绕。
因此，在某些实施方案中，本文所述的膜是双轴取向的，具有至少5或6或7或8倍TD取向和至少2或3或4倍MD取向。
在各种实施方案中，空化和/或不透明诱导剂基本上不存在，这意味着它们不以任何可检测量存在于芯中。空化和/或不透明度诱导剂的实例包括碳酸钙，滑石，炭黑，粘土，未处理的二氧化硅和氧化铝，氧化锌，云母，石棉，重晶石，碳酸镁及其混合物，以及由聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，尼龙-6，环状烯烃共聚物颗粒制备的那些颗粒，和其它与芯层材料不同相，并且具有在取向期间会在芯层中产生空腔的尺寸的颗粒。
工业实用性
所公开的多层膜可以是独立膜，层压体或网状物。或者，多层膜可以被密封，涂布，金属化和/或层压到其它膜结构。所公开的多层膜可通过任何合适的方法制备，所述方法包括的步骤有：根据本申请的公开内容的详细描述和权利要求书所述共挤出多层膜，取向和例如通过涂布，印刷，切割或其它常规膜加工方法制备用于期望用途的膜。
对于一些应用，可能希望将多层膜层压到其它聚合物膜或纸产品上，以用于例如包括印刷和金属化的包装装饰。这些活动通常由最终用户或负责处理膜的膜加工者实施，以供应给最终用户。
所制备的多层膜可以用作软包装膜以包装物品或商品，例如食品或其它产品。在一些应用中，膜可以形成袋状包装，例如可用于包装饮料，液体，颗粒或干粉产品。
实验
作为非限制性实例，制造了两个双轴取向聚乙烯膜，一个是透明的，另一个是空化的，并具有表1中报道的结构。在其他实施方案中，在一个或多个表层和/或芯层中使用LLDPE代替m-LLDPE。
表1
1-例如，MI＝1.9，ρ＝0.927g/cm3，Tm＝127℃(一种类型m-LLDPE)
2-例如，MI＝3.8，ρ＝0.913g/cm3，Tm＝113℃(另一种类型m-LLDPE)
3-例如，Schulman Polybatch FCC 7310HD
将表1的透明和空化膜的如下性能测量和在表2公开。
透明取向LLDPE 空化取向LLDPE
产率 36.4m2/kg 35.3m2/kg
光学厚度(ASTM D6988-08) 29.0μm 38.5μm
密度(计算) 0.947g/cm3 0.736g/cm3
雾度(ASTM D1003) 4.6％ ---
光透射率(ASTM D1003) --- 55％
WVTR 38℃/90％RH(ASTM F1249) 15g/m2/d 14g/m2/d
OTR 23℃/0％RH(ASTM D3895) 预期＞1000 预期＞1000
表2
此后，涂覆表2的透明和空化的取向金属茂-LLDPE膜。具体地说，每个膜在膜的一侧上涂覆有时用在双向聚丙烯膜上的密封剂涂层，并在膜的相对侧上涂覆阻隔涂层以增强对水或气体的阻隔。采用凹版涂布方法，但是在替代实施例中可以使用其他涂布方法，例如辊涂，浸渍，喷雾等。多余的水溶液可以通过挤压辊，刮刀等去除。通常施加涂料组合物的量使得在干燥之后沉积为厚度约0.5μm至约2.5μm的光滑，均匀分布的层。
制备具有表3所示组成的涂层。
表3
1-phr＝每百份重量份
2-例如，Paramelt AquasealTM 2093
3-例如，Michelman wax ML215
4-例如，Parez 707
首先，将基于聚乙烯亚胺改性或未改性的水基底漆施加到本申请的公开内容的取向LLDPE膜上，然后用表3的密封剂涂层以0.8g/m2的重量涂布。其次，将基于聚氨酯的改性或未改性水性底漆施加到本申请的公开内容的取向LLDPE膜上，然后用3.0g/m2的重量涂覆表3的PVdC阻隔涂层。以及，第三，将基于聚乙烯亚胺的改性或未改性的水性底漆施加到本发明的取向LLDPE膜上，然后用0.6g/m2的重量涂覆表3的PVOH阻隔涂层。随后，在表1和2中报道的透明取向的LLDPE膜的阻隔涂层一侧进行测量，所述LLDPE膜具有PVdC水基底漆或PVOH水基底漆，其位于第二表层外表面上(即，背离芯层与"内表面"相对，该内表面朝向芯层)，以及这些测量值报告在表4中。
表4
将取向的茂金属-LLDPE膜，如表4中所示，在阻隔涂层之上层压到12μm聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；此后，测量性能以及在表5中报告。PVdC和PVOH涂层薄膜，无论是层压(即表5)或非层压(即表4)，表现出良好的水和氧气阻隔性能。
表5
现在转到表6，层压到12μm聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯上的取向金属化茂金属-LLDPE膜的密封性能被公开，即如表5中的那些。使用ASTM F2029的标准测试方法，在层压板上使用具有压接钳的Otto Brugger密封器，压力为410kPa，停留时间为0.75s，温度范围为70℃至150℃。测量表明，LTSC涂层为用于表1的空化取向LLDPE薄膜顶部涂层提供了高密封强度。目前尚不确定是否是空化，顶层涂层，涂布表层或组合提供了这些高密封强度。
表6
鉴于上述情况，可以有由上述膜形成各种袋子，包装，小袋(例如立式，垂直填充和密封，水平填充和密封等)，膜，层压体和其他结构，其中上述这些可以具有任何相态的产品(例如食物，饮料)，上述这些需要具有必要的完整性和/或阻隔水和/或氧气传输的密封件。
下面是所公开的膜的进一步示例性实施方案，如同它们是权利要求书所述：
1.一种双轴取向的多层膜，其包含：
包含线性低密度聚乙烯的芯层，其中所述芯层任选是空化的；
在所述芯层的第一侧面上的第一表层和在所述芯层的第二侧面上的第二表层，其中所述第一表层和所述第二表层包含相同或不同类型的线性低密度聚乙烯；
在所述第二表层的外表面上的水基底漆，其中所述外表面背离所述芯层；
在所述第一表层上的密封涂层；和
在所述第二表层上的阻隔涂层，
其中所述密封涂层和阻隔涂层是水基的。
2.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述芯层还包含一种或多种烃树脂。
3.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含一种或多种添加剂。
4.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含一个或多个连接层。
5.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述第一表层、所述第二表层或两者还包含沸石。
6.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述第一表层和所述第二表层中每一层的厚度为1μm或更小。
7.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述密封涂层和所述阻隔涂层中每一层的干燥涂层厚度为0.5至2.5μm。
8.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含施加到下述层中间的一个或多个表面处理层：(a)所述第二表层和所述阻隔涂层；(b)所述阻隔涂层和金属化层；(c)所述第一表层和邻近所述密封涂层的底漆；(d)所述第一表层和所述密封涂层；或(e)其组合。
9.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含位于所述密封涂层、所述阻隔涂层或两者的外表面上的一个或多个印刷和/或加工涂层。
10.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含施加到所述第一表层的外表面的底漆。
11.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含到所述阻隔涂层上的金属化层，其中任选地所述阻隔涂层是表面处理的。
12.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述线性低密度聚乙烯包含一种或多种类型的茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯。
13.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中水蒸气透过率等于或小于5g/m2/d。
14.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中氧透过率等于或小于40cm3/m2/d。
15.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含在所述阻隔涂层上的层压层以制造层压膜。
16.权利要求15的双轴取向多层膜，其中氧透过率等于或小于20cm3/m2/d。
17.权利要求15的双轴取向多层膜，其中氧透过率等于或小于1cm3/m2/d以及所述阻隔涂层包含聚乙烯醇。
18.权利要求15的双轴取向多层膜，其中在130℃至150℃的温度范围内在410kPa的压力和0.75秒的停留时间下所述层压膜的密封强度为至少1250g/cm3。
19.权利要求1的多层膜作为包装的用途。
20.权利要求15的多层膜作为包装的用途。
虽然前述内容针对所公开的发明的实施方案的实施例，但是可以在不脱离本发明的基本范围的情况下构思其他和进一步的实施方案，其中所公开的装置，***和方法的范围由一个或多个权利要求确定。

Claims (20)

1.一种双轴取向的多层膜，其包含：
包含线性低密度聚乙烯的芯层，其中所述芯层任选是空化的；
在所述芯层的第一侧面上的第一表层和在所述芯层的第二侧面上的第二表层，其中所述第一表层和所述第二表层包含相同或不同类型的线性低密度聚乙烯；
在所述第二表层的外表面上的水基底漆，其中所述外表面背离所述芯层；
在所述第一表层上的密封涂层；和
在所述第二表层上的阻隔涂层，
其中所述密封涂层和阻隔涂层是水基的。
2.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述芯层还包含一种或多种烃树脂。
3.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含一种或多种添加剂。
4.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含一个或多个连接层。
5.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述第一表层、所述第二表层或两者还包含沸石。
6.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述第一表层和所述第二表层中每一层的厚度为1μm或更小。
7.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述密封涂层和所述阻隔涂层中每一层的干燥涂层厚度为0.5至2.5μm。
8.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含施加到下述层中间的一个或多个表面处理层：(a)所述第二表层和所述阻隔涂层；(b)所述阻隔涂层和金属化层；(c)所述第一表层和邻近所述密封涂层的底漆；(d)所述第一表层和所述密封涂层；或(e)其组合。
9.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含位于所述密封涂层、所述阻隔涂层或两者的外表面上的一个或多个印刷和/或加工涂层。
10.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含施加到所述第一表层的外表面的底漆。
11.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含到所述阻隔涂层上的金属化层，其中任选地所述阻隔涂层是表面处理的。
12.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中所述线性低密度聚乙烯包含一种或多种类型的茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯。
13.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中水蒸气透过率等于或小于5g/m2/d。
14.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，其中氧透过率等于或小于40cm3/m2/d。
15.权利要求1的双轴取向多层膜，还包含在所述阻隔涂层上的层压层以制造层压膜。
16.权利要求15的双轴取向多层膜，其中氧透过率等于或小于20cm3/m2/d。
17.权利要求15的双轴取向多层膜，其中氧透过率等于或小于1cm3/m2/d以及所述阻隔涂层包含聚乙烯醇。
18.权利要求15的双轴取向多层膜，其中在130℃至150℃的温度范围内在410kPa的压力和0.75秒的停留时间下所述层压膜的密封强度为至少1250g/cm3。
19.权利要求1的多层膜作为包装的用途。
20.权利要求15的多层膜作为包装的用途。
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