CN108462546B - Parameter selection method of low-power-consumption wide area network LoRa for communication of Internet of vehicles V2X - Google Patents

Parameter selection method of low-power-consumption wide area network LoRa for communication of Internet of vehicles V2X Download PDF

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CN108462546B
CN108462546B CN201810257996.2A CN201810257996A CN108462546B CN 108462546 B CN108462546 B CN 108462546B CN 201810257996 A CN201810257996 A CN 201810257996A CN 108462546 B CN108462546 B CN 108462546B
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李玉珂
韩双双
杨林瑶
王飞跃
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
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Abstract

The invention relates to a parameter selection method of a low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for vehicle network V2X communication, which covers a large range of Doppler frequency shift by simulating six typical vehicle networking V2X communication scenes and compares the coherence time T of corresponding channels of various scenescSymbol interval T configured with LoRasymSelecting a smaller spreading factor and a larger bandwidth to reduce the symbol interval TsymSpacing the symbols by TsymLess than the coherence time TcTherefore, time selective fading is avoided, and better system performance is obtained.

Description

Parameter selection method of low-power-consumption wide area network LoRa for communication of Internet of vehicles V2X
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of things, relates to a low-power-consumption wide area network technology, and particularly relates to a low-power-consumption wide area network parameter selection method for Internet of vehicles V2X communication.
Background
The Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology is oriented to the communication requirements of long distance and Low Power consumption in the internet of things, and an internet of things access technology appearing in recent years is a novel Machine-to-Machine (Machine-to-Machine) wireless access technology, and has the characteristics of Low bandwidth, Low Power consumption, long distance and support of mass connection. Typical LPWAN technologies are LoRa (Long Range), NB-IoT, SigFox, Nwave, OnRamp, Platanus, Telena, Weightless, Amber Wireless, etc. The technologies have the technical characteristics of wide range, long distance and low power consumption. LPWAN technologies can be classified into two categories according to the frequency band of operation: one is the technology of LoRa, SigFox, etc. working in the unlicensed band (ISM band); the other is 2/3/4G cellular communication technology supported by 3GPP, such as EC-GSM, LTECat-m, NB-IoT, etc., operating in licensed bands. LoRa is a long-distance Internet of things wireless transmission technology based on spread spectrum technology, and is mainly dominated by the United states department of America Intel technology (Semtech). The mature and early commercial application of the LoRa industrial chain is one of the most representative LPWAN technologies compared to other LPWAN technologies.
The traditional vehicle networking technology comprises radio frequency RFID technology, Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiFi, WAVE-DSRC (vehicle environment wireless access-special short-range communication), 2G/3G/4G cellular network and the like. In contrast to conventional car networking technology, LoRa can support millions of connected sensing devices per cell while covering transmission distances as long as 10 km. The LoRa supports a star-shaped network topology structure, and each node is directly interconnected with a gateway/base station, so that the network design can be greatly simplified, and better network ductility and control capability are supported.
Today, research on the application of low power wide area network technology in mobile scenarios is very limited. For example, see the documents "d.patel and m.won," expert experimental Study on Low Power With Area Networks (LPWAN) for Mobile Internet of Things, "in proc.2017ieee 85th veh.technol.conf. (VTC Spring), Sydney, NSW,2017, pp.1-5.", the authors set up an experiment for evaluating the performance of LPWAN technology in indoor and outdoor Mobile environments; see the literature "Hsieh, Chao-Linag, et al," a Vehicle monitoring system Based on the LoRa Technique, "int.j.of mech., Aerospace, ind., mechanical and Manufacturing eng., vol.11, No.5, pp.1004-1010,2017", the authors have constructed a LoRa-Based Vehicle monitoring system; see documents "y.s.choue et al", "i-Car system: a LoRa-based low power with area networks vehicle diagnostic system for driving safety", "inproc.2017 int.conf.applied system. innovation (ICASI), Sapporo,2017, pp.789-791", the authors propose a LoRa-based vehicle diagnostic system. However, the research on the technology of the low-power wide area network facing the communication of the Vehicle networking V2X (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure and Vehicle-to-Vehicle, V2I and V2V) is still blank.
LoRa (Long Range) is a low power wide area network technology proposed by the liter company, which is a Chirp Spread Spectrum (Chirp Spread Spectrum) based wireless transmission technology. Initialization of LoRa transmission schemeFour main parameters are involved, mainly including Spreading Factor (SF), Bandwidth (BW), Carrier Frequency (Carrier Frequency), and Code Rate (Code Rate). LoRa generally operates in the Industrial Medical science ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band. The range of the LoRa spreading factor is 7-12 to realize different data rates and transmission times. The bandwidth of the LoRa is also a very important parameter, and different LoRa modules have different bandwidth settings, for example, the bandwidth of SX1272 may be 125kHz,250kHz, or 500 kHz; the bandwidth of SX1276 ranges from 7.8 kHz to 500 kHz. Symbol interval T of LoRasym(symbol period) is directly determined by the spreading factor SF and the bandwidth BW, and the expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0001609471190000031
as can be seen from expression (1), TsymAnd 2SFProportional and inversely proportional to the bandwidth BW.
In a vehicle-mounted communication scenario, when a vehicle is in motion, particularly, when the vehicle is in high-speed motion, signal frequencies of a mobile terminal and a receiving end of a base station change, which is called doppler effect, and frequency shift caused by the doppler effect is called doppler shift. Coherence time T of channelcDefined as the maximum Doppler shift f of the channelmInverse of, i.e. Tc＝1/fm. If the symbol interval T of the transmitted signalsym＜TcThen the received signal is considered to experience slow fading, i.e. the signal may remain unchanged for several symbol intervals during transmission in the channel; if the symbol interval T of the transmitted signalsym＞TcThe received signal is then considered to experience fast fading, also known as time-selective fading, where the amplitude and phase of the signal vary greatly during transmission, causing signal distortion, which makes accurate estimation and equalization of the channel extremely difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of fast fading caused by Doppler effect in a vehicle-mounted communication scene in the prior art, the invention provides a parameter selection method of a low-power-consumption wide area network LoRa for vehicle networking V2X communication, which avoids time selective fading through parameter selection, so that the vehicle networking V2X communication obtains better system performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a parameter selection method for a low power consumption wide area network LoRa for communication of an internet of vehicles V2X, which comprises the following specific steps:
simulating two types of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside facility vehicle networking V2X communication scenes, wherein the vehicle-to-vehicle networking V2V communication scenes comprise a V2V expressway head-on scene, a V2V expressway equidirectional scene and a V2V urban building head-on scene, and the vehicle-to-roadside facility vehicle networking V2R communication scenes comprise a V2R expressway scene, a V2R urban building head-on scene and a V2R suburban street scene;
calculating the coherence time of the channel corresponding to each scene according to the moving speed of the vehicle in each scene and the Doppler frequency shift range;
LoRa configures different spreading factors SF and bandwidth BW to obtain a plurality of different symbol intervals TsymThe coherent time T of the channel corresponding to each scenecEach symbol interval T from LoRasymFor comparison, if Tsym＜TcThen select the symbol interval T at this timesymConfigured spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW.
Preferably, the symbol interval T is set if the spreading factor SF and the bandwidth BW are configured in different wayssymAre all less than the coherence time TcThen, the symbol interval T is selectedsymA minimum set of spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configurations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a parameter selection method of a ground power consumption wide area network LoRa for vehicle network V2X communication for the first time, which covers a large range of Doppler frequency shift by simulating six typical vehicle networking V2X communication scenes, and by comparing the coherence time T of corresponding channels of various scenescSymbol interval T configured with LoRasymSelecting a smaller spreading factor and a larger bandwidth to reduce the symbol interval TsymSpacing the symbols by TsymLess than the coherence time TcTherefore, time selective fading is avoided, and better system performance is obtained.
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Fig. 1a-f are diagrams of six typical communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2X according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a symbol interval T of spreading factors SF and bandwidth BW configured differently by LoRa according to an embodiment of the present inventionsymCoherence time T of six communication scenes of Internet of vehicles V2XcA comparative graph of (a).
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing BER performance under six typical communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2X according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing BER performance under six typical communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2X according to the first embodiment and the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
The invention discloses a parameter selection method of a low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for communication of an Internet of vehicles V2X, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, simulating two types of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside facility vehicle networking V2X communication scenes, wherein the vehicle-to-vehicle networking V2V communication scenes comprise a V2V expressway head-on scene, a V2V expressway syntropy scene and a V2V urban building room head-on scene, and the vehicle-to-roadside facility vehicle networking V2R communication scenes comprise a V2R expressway scene, a V2R urban building room head-on scene and a V2R suburban street scene;
s2, calculating the coherence time of the channel corresponding to each scene according to the moving speed and the Doppler frequency shift range of the vehicle in each scene;
s3, configuring different spreading factors SF and bandwidth BW by LoRa to obtain a plurality of different symbol intervals TsymThe coherent time T of the channel corresponding to each scenecEach symbol interval T from LoRasymFor comparison, if Tsym＜TcThen select the symbol interval T at this timesymConfigured spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW.
In order to ensure that the transmission rate of LoRa is high, as a preferred design of the above method, if a plurality of symbol intervals T of spreading factors SF and bandwidths BW are configured differently, the method is appliedsymAre all less than the coherence time TcThen, the symbol interval T is selectedsymA minimum set of spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configurations.
If the transmission rate of LoRa is required to be small in practical application, the symbol interval T is selected when the spreading factor SF and the bandwidth BW are performed to ensure the transmission rate of LoRasymA large set of spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configurations. In practical application, an appropriate symbol interval T may be selected according to actual requirements of each communication servicesymAnd configuring a spreading factor SF and a bandwidth BW to meet different requirements.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1a-1f, six typical internet of vehicles V2X communication scenarios were simulated. Scenario 1: V2V Expressway face scene (V2V express overview oncom); scene 2: V2V highway syntropy scenario (V2V express SameDirection with Wall); scene 3: V2V City building-to-building head-on scene (V2V Urban Canyon Onconing); scene 4: V2R highway scene (V2R express); scene 5: V2R City building-to-building head-on scene (V2R UrbanCanyon Oncomi); scene 6: V2R Suburban Street scene (V2R Suburban Street). The channel parameters for each scene are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Scene Speed (km/h) Doppler shift (Hz)
Scene 1 104 1000-1200
Scene 2 32-48 300
Scene 3 104 900-1150
Scene 4 104 600-700
Scene 5 32-48 400-500
Scene 6 32-48 300-500
The moving speed and the Doppler frequency shift range of the vehicle in each scene are listed in table 1, and the coherence time T of the channel corresponding to each scene can be calculated according to table 1c. The coherence time T of the communication scenes of the typical vehicle networking V2X is determinedcSymbol interval T of LoRa with different configuration of spreading factor SF and bandwidth BWsymAnd (6) carrying out comparison. Wherein, the bandwidth BW of LoRa selects three bandwidth parameters of 125kHz,250kHz and 500kHz, and the standard setting range of the spreading factor SF is 7-12. The comparison results are shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, when the spreading factor SF of LoRa is 7, the coherence time T of the six communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2XcSymbol intervals T both greater than LoRasym. With increasing spreading factor SF, LoRaSymbol interval of (T)symIn an exponentially increasing situation, the coherence time T of a part of scenes is only satisfied under the condition of a specific bandwidth BWcCan be greater than the symbol interval of LoRa. For example, when the spreading factor SF is 9 and the bandwidth BW of LoRa takes 250kHz or 500kHz, there is only the coherence time T of scene 2, scene 5, and scene 6cSymbol interval T greater than LoRasym. When the spreading factor SF of LoRa is greater than 10, the coherence time T of six scenescSymbol intervals T both less than LoRasymAt this time, the received signal may experience fast fading during the transmission process in these channel scenarios, which causes signal distortion, and makes it very difficult to accurately estimate and equalize the channel.
Therefore, when designing a low-power-consumption wide area network transmission technical scheme for the communication service of the internet of vehicles V2X, in order to combat the fast fading problem caused by the doppler effect in the mobile scene, the LoRa transmission scheme should be designed to select a larger bandwidth BW and a smaller spreading factor SF to reduce the symbol interval T of LoRasymIs made lower than the coherence time T of the channelcTherefore, time selective fading is avoided, the channel is accurately estimated and equalized, and better system performance is obtained.
When the parameters of LoRa are selected for the six typical communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2X described above in the present embodiment, the symbol interval T of LoRa is set to besymLess than the coherence time T of the channelcWhen the bandwidth BW of LoRa is 500kHz, the spreading factor SF of LoRa should be set to be less than 9, when the bandwidth BW of LoRa is 250kHz, the spreading factor SF of LoRa should be set to be less than 8, and when the bandwidth BW of LoRa is 125kHz, the spreading factor SF of LoRa should be less than 7.
In order to better evaluate the parameter selection method of the low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for the communication of the vehicle networking V2X, three different parameter selection schemes are selected as follows:
the first scheme is as follows: the parameter is SF is 7, BW is 500 kHz;
scheme II: the parameter is SF is 7, BW is 125 kHz;
the third scheme is as follows: the parameter is SF-10 and BW-500 kHz.
The three parameter schemes are respectively tested in six typical vehicle networking V2X communication scenes, MATLAB software is used for carrying out Monte Carlo simulation, and Bit Error rate Performance (BER) of each scheme is observed. The parameters of the simulation system are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001609471190000071
Figure BDA0001609471190000081
First, compare scheme one with scheme two. Scheme one and scheme two have the same spreading factor SF, and scheme one has a larger bandwidth BW. Separated by LoRa symbol TsymScheme one obviously has a smaller symbol interval TsymIs more easily smaller than the coherence time T of the channelc. Therefore, the probability of signal distortion caused by doppler in the received signal in the vehicle-mounted mobile communication environment is much lower.
Referring to fig. 3, a BER performance comparison of the first and second schemes under six typical communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2X is shown, wherein the horizontal axis represents Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the unit is dB. From the observation of fig. 3, it can be seen that scheme one is better than scheme two in both the V2V and V2R scenarios. When the SNR is 0dB, the bit error rate under most scenes is 10-2On the other hand, as the SNR increases, the bit error rate of scheme one decreases to 10-3. However, the bit error rate performance of the second scheme under the six scenarios is very poor, and the error platform effect is presented in the whole SNR interval. This is due to the fact that scheme two selects a smaller bandwidth BW parameter such that the symbol interval T is madesymLarger, even exceeding the coherence time T of the system channelcAnd the second scheme generates a fast fading effect in the transmission process, so that the signal is distorted, and the performance of the system is seriously deteriorated.
Referring to fig. 4, a comparison of the performance of scenario one and scenario three in six typical communication scenarios of the internet of vehicles V2X is shown, and the bit error rate of scenario three is shown in dashed linesAnd (4) performance. Scheme one and scheme three have the same bandwidth BW, and scheme three has a larger spreading factor SF. Separated by LoRa symbol TsymGiven the value of the bandwidth BW, an increase of the value of the spreading factor SF will result in a symbol interval T of LoRasymThe exponential trend is shown, therefore, the symbol interval T of the third schemesymIs eight times of the first scheme. Scheme three-parameter scheme for enabling symbol interval T of LoRasymToo large, it is very easy to cause fast fading effect. It is obvious from fig. 4 that the bit error rate performance of the scheme three under six scenarios is very poor, and the severe error floor effect is presented in the whole SNR interval. In the six scenarios, the bit error rate performance of scheme one is significantly better than that of scheme three.
Therefore, in the communication scenario of the car networking V2X, to counter the fast fading effect caused by doppler in the mobile scenario, the parameter scheme of LoRa should select a larger bandwidth BW and a smaller spreading factor SF to reduce the symbol interval to be lower than the coherence time of the channel, so as to avoid the occurrence of time selective fading, and obtain better system performance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely provided for the convenience of illustration of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various simple modifications and modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the above-mentioned claims.

Claims (1)

1. A parameter selection method for a low-power consumption wide area network LoRa for communication of a vehicle networking V2X is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
simulating two types of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside facility vehicle networking V2X communication scenes, wherein the vehicle-to-vehicle networking V2V communication scenes comprise a V2V expressway head-on scene, a V2V expressway equidirectional scene and a V2V urban building head-on scene, and the vehicle-to-roadside facility vehicle networking V2R communication scenes comprise a V2R expressway scene, a V2R urban building head-on scene and a V2R suburban street scene;
calculating the coherence time of the channel corresponding to each scene according to the moving speed of the vehicle in each scene and the Doppler frequency shift range;
LoRa configures different spreading factors SF and bandwidth BW to obtain a plurality of different symbol intervals TsymThe coherent time T of the channel corresponding to each scenecEach symbol interval T from LoRasymFor comparison, if Tsym<TcThen select the symbol interval T at this timesymConfigured spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW; if a plurality of different configuration spreading factors SF and the symbol interval T of the bandwidth BWsymAre all less than the coherence time TcThen, the symbol interval T is selectedsymA minimum set of spreading factor SF and bandwidth BW configurations.
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