CN108461888B - 一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线 - Google Patents

一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线 Download PDF

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CN108461888B
CN108461888B CN201810245374.8A CN201810245374A CN108461888B CN 108461888 B CN108461888 B CN 108461888B CN 201810245374 A CN201810245374 A CN 201810245374A CN 108461888 B CN108461888 B CN 108461888B
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vibrator
excitation
parasitic
directional diagram
antenna
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CN108461888A (zh
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唐明春
周博雅
段云露
陈晓明
熊汉
李梅
理查德·齐奥尔科夫斯基
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Jiangsu Chuangqi Testing Technology Co ltd
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Chongqing University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/08Means for collapsing antennas or parts thereof
    • H01Q1/085Flexible aerials; Whip aerials with a resilient base
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,属于天线设计技术领域。该天线包括介质基板、寄生振子、激励振子、同轴电缆;所述介质基板的上下表面分别紧贴设置有寄生振子和激励振子;所述寄生振子由一对改进的埃及战斧形状的寄生贴片组成,关于中轴呈镜像对称放置;所述激励振子形状与寄生振子相对应,通过其上加载的四个PIN开关二极管和六个绕线电感,外加直流偏置电源实现电可控波束可重构;所述同轴电缆的内、外芯分别连接到激励振子的中心两枝节。本发明有效地利用了四个PIN开关二极管,设计了一款具有两种方向图可重构模式,同时兼具宽带和柔性共形性能的电小天线。

Description

一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线
技术领域
本发明属于天线设计技术领域,涉及一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线。
背景技术
随着物联网、空间感知、云计算、移动互联网等新一代信息技术的飞速发展,万物互联、人工智能时代开启了城市发展的新篇章。智慧交通进入人们的生活,为人们的出行提供了更智能化的选择。例如在ITS智能交通***中,汽车作为网络节点,需要发送和接收各种信号。而车与车之间的通信,车与基站之间的信息交换都离不开天线。这就要求天线能够符合场景的需求。一是在极其有限的空间安装天线,这就要求天线小型化,柔性共形化以减小占用空间,二是当车与基站,车与车之间处于前后方时,能针对指定方向接收强信号,这就要求天线能够实时切换波束方向,实现波束可重构性能。而目前的难点是电小尺寸下的天线带宽窄、方向性差,与实际应用尚有差距,更不用说实现方向图可重构性能,因此设计具有宽带,柔性,方向图可重构的电小天线具有巨大应用前景。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,该天线通过控制激励振子上加载的PIN开关二极管的通断,实现激励振子结构的电可控,同时影响上表面寄生振子的相位和幅度,使其中一个表现为寄生元,另一个表现为反射器,利用准八木原理在通带内实现良好的端射辐射方向图,同时产生的两个邻近谐振频点又进一步拓展带宽,实现电小宽带性能,从而设计出兼具方向图可重构、宽带和柔性共形性能的电小天线。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,包括介质基板2(1个)、寄生振子1、激励振子3、同轴电缆4等结构;
所述介质基板2的上下表面分别紧贴设置有寄生振子1和激励振子3;所述寄生振子1由一对改进的埃及战斧形状的寄生贴片组成,关于中轴呈镜像对称放置;所述激励振子3形状与寄生振子1相对应,通过其上加载的四个PIN开关二极管5和六个绕线电感6,外加直流偏置电源实现电可控波束可重构;所述同轴电缆4的内、外芯分别连接到激励振子3的中心两枝节。
进一步,所述介质基板的半径为23mm-27mm,厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm。
进一步,所述两个寄生贴片最近处间距为2.8-6.8mm;所述单个改进的埃及战斧形状由两个圆弧形和一个呈70.86°弯折的矩形条带组成,圆弧形由外部圆减去内部椭圆得到;
进一步,所述外部圆半径为23mm-27mm;所述内部椭圆长轴为20-24mm,短轴为18-22mm;所述两个圆弧形间距为4.8-8.8mm;所述矩形条带宽度为0.4-0.8mm。
进一步,所述激励振子3形状与寄生振子1相对应,在其中心位置加载有镜像对称的四个PIN开关二级管5和两个绕线电感6,在其末端位置加载四个绕线电感6。
通过在激励振子上加载四个PIN开关二极管,外接直流偏置电路使得所述天线具有两种端射辐射模式State-L和State-R,两种模式主波瓣成轴对称,通过电控开关实现两种模式的实时快速切换。
如图2所示,当-y轴两个PIN开关二极管联通,+y轴两个PIN开关二极管断开时,天线主波瓣指向-y轴方向,命名为State-L,当+y轴两个PIN开关二极管联通,-y轴两个PIN开关二极管断开时,天线主波瓣指向+y轴方向,命名为State-R。
进一步,所述同轴电缆4的内、外芯分别连接到激励振子3的中心两枝节,两枝节相互不连通,两平行枝节间的距离为0.56mm-0.96mm。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1)本发明通过在激励振子上加载四个PIN开关二极管,外接直流偏置电路使得该天线具有两种端射辐射模式State-L和State-R,两种模式主波瓣关于x轴对称,通过电控开关实现两种模式的实时快速切换;
2)本发明所述天线匹配良好,并且具有良好的端射特性,测试的可实现增益达到4.43dBi,前后比13.56dB;
3)本发明所述天线具有宽带电小特性,结构紧凑ka=0.94,测试结果得到分数带宽为12.9%,相较同尺寸电小天线具有更宽的带宽;
4)本发明所述天线具有柔性共形特性,沿着x轴或y轴进行柔性弯曲共形均能保持良好的端射辐射性能。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明:
图1为本发明所述天线的整体结构三维视图;
图2为本发明所述天线的寄生振子的俯视图;
图3为本发明所述天线的激励振子的仰视图;
图4为本发明所述天线的两种方向图可重构状态State-L和State-R的仿真和测试S参数曲线图;
图5为本发明所述天线在两个谐振频点1.708GHz和1.798GHz的E平面、H平面仿真和测试辐射场方向图;
附图中的各附图标记分别为:1-寄生振子,2-介质基板,3-激励振子,4-同轴电缆,5-PIN开关二极管,6-绕线电感。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
图1为本发明所述的应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线的整体结构三维视图,如图1所示,该天线包括寄生振子1、介质基板2、激励振子3、同轴电缆4,PIN开关二极管5和绕线电感6;所述同轴电缆4包括内芯、介质层和外导体,内、外芯分别连接到激励振子3的中心两枝节,且两枝节互不相连。
所述介质基板2的厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm,本实施例中厚度为0.127mm;上表面紧贴设置有寄生振子1,下表面紧贴设置有激励振子3,所述寄生振子1由一对改进的埃及战斧形状的寄生贴片组成,关于中轴呈镜像对称放置;所述激励振子3形状与寄生振子1相对应,通过其上加载的四个PIN开关二极管5和六个绕线电感6,外加直流偏置电源实现电可控波束可重构。
所述寄生振子1由一对改进的埃及战斧形状的寄生贴片组成,关于平面中轴呈镜像对称,这对寄生贴片最近处间距为4.8mm;所述单个改进的埃及战斧形状由两个圆弧形和一个呈70.86°弯折的矩形条带组成,圆弧形由外部圆减去内部椭圆得到,对应的外部圆半径为23mm-27mm,本实施例中外部圆半径为25mm;对应的内部椭圆长轴为20-24mm,短轴为18-22mm,对应的两个圆弧形间距为4.8-8.8mm,本实施例中内部椭圆长轴为22.009mm,短轴为20.433mm,对应的两个圆弧形间距为6.8mm;所述矩形条带宽度为0.4-0.8mm,本实施例中矩形条带宽度为0.61mm。
所述激励振子3形状与寄生振子相对应,在其中心位置加载有镜像对称的四个PIN开关二级管5和两个绕线电感6,在其末端位置加载四个绕线电感6,对应PIN开关二极管距离x轴即中轴线距离为L4/2=2.85mm。
所述介质基板2的半径R为25mm,材料选用了The Rogers Duroid 5880,相对介电常数为2.2,相对磁导率为1.0,损耗角正切为0.0009。
所述寄生振子1、激励振子3均为厚度相同的覆铜薄膜。
完成上述的初始设计之后,使用高频电磁仿真软件HFSS13.0进行仿真分析,经过仿真优化之后得到各项参数尺寸如下表1所示:
参照图2、3,Ra代表埃及战斧形状内部椭圆的长轴,Rb代表埃及战斧形状内部椭圆的短轴,R代表埃及战斧形状外部圆的半径,L1代表埃及战斧形状弯折矩形条带的一半长度,L2代表激励振子弯折部分对应枝节的长度,L3代表PIN开关二极管离激励振子弯折枝节的距离,L4代表Y轴方向上两个PIN开关二极管之间的距离,L5代表绕线电感与激励振子末端的距离,W1代表埃及战斧形状弯折矩形条带的宽度,W2代表激励振子弯折部分对应枝节的宽度,W3代表激励振子水平部分对应枝节的宽带,G1代表寄生振子中这对寄生贴片最近处的间距,G2代表寄生振子中单个寄生贴片中对应的两个圆弧形的间距,G3代表为加载PIN开关二极管所留的间隙宽带,G4代表激励振子中心平行枝节两者之间的距离,α代表激励振子弯折矩形条带的弯折角度。
表1本发明各参数最佳尺寸表
参数 尺寸(mm)
Ra 22.009
Rb 20.433
R 25
L1 16.38
L2 15.74
L3 4.58
L4 5.7
L5 4.83
W1 0.61
W2 3.80
W3 4
G1 4.8
G2 6.8
G3 0.3
G4 0.76
α 70.86°
依照上述参数,使用HFSS对所设计的应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线的反射系数|S11|特性参数进行仿真分析,其分析结果如下:
图4为本发明的仿真和测试得到的S参数随频率变化的曲线图。如图4所示,所涉及的天线仿真结果得到两种波束状态下匹配曲线完全相同,工作频段为1.676-1.916GHz,-10dB带宽为240MHz,分数带宽13.4%。测试结果显示,State-L情况下,天线工作频段为1.683-1.915GHz,工作带宽232MHz,分数带宽为12.9%;State-R情况下,天线工作频段为1.677-1.915GHz,工作带宽238MHz,分数带宽为13.3%。仿真和测试结果相一致;
图5为仿真的天线在State-R情况下,分别在两个谐振频点1.708GHz和1.798GHz的仿真和测试二维辐射方向图。如图5所示,测试(仿真)最大可实现增益,最大前后比分别为4.43(4.78)dBi,13.56(16.15)dB,在通带范围内具有良好的端射辐射特性。通过控制PIN开关二级管的通断切换状态,经过仿真和测试State-L也具有良好的端射辐射方向图。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,其特征在于:包括介质基板(2)、寄生振子(1)、激励振子(3)和同轴电缆(4);
所述介质基板(2)的上下表面分别紧贴设置有寄生振子(1)和激励振子(3);所述寄生振子(1)由一对改进的埃及战斧形状的寄生贴片组成,关于中轴呈镜像对称放置;所述激励振子(3)位置与寄生振子(1)相对应,通过激励振子(3)上加载的四个PIN开关二极管(5)和六个绕线电感(6),外加直流偏置电源实现电可控波束可重构;所述同轴电缆(4)的内、外芯分别连接到激励振子(3)的中心两枝节;
所述单个改进的埃及战斧形状由两个圆弧形条带和一个呈70.86°弯折的矩形条带组成,圆弧形条带由外部圆减去内部椭圆得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,其特征在于:所述介质基板的半径为23mm-27mm,厚度为0.1mm-0.3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,其特征在于:所述两个寄生贴片最近处间距为2.8-6.8mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,其特征在于:所述外部圆半径为23mm-27mm;所述内部椭圆长轴为20-24mm,短轴为18-22mm;所述两个圆弧形条带间距为4.8-8.8mm;所述矩形条带宽度为0.4-0.8mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,其特征在于:所述激励振子(3)末端位置加载有四个绕线电感(6);
通过在激励振子上加载四个PIN开关二极管,外接直流偏置电路使得所述天线具有两种端射辐射模式State-L和State-R,两种模式主波瓣成轴对称,通过电控开关实现两种模式的实时快速切换;
辐射模式State-L表示当-y轴两个PIN开关二极管联通,+y轴两个PIN开关二极管断开时,天线主波瓣指向-y轴方向;辐射模式State-R表示当+y轴两个PIN开关二极管联通,-y轴两个PIN开关二极管断开时,天线主波瓣指向+y轴方向。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种应用于智慧交通的方向图可重构宽带柔性电小天线,其特征在于:所述激励振子(3)的中心两枝节相互不连通,两平行枝节间的距离为0.56mm-0.96mm。
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