CN108459295B - CVT on-line monitoring system and method based on distributed data acquisition processing - Google Patents
CVT on-line monitoring system and method based on distributed data acquisition processing Download PDFInfo
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- G01R35/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of auxiliary devices, e.g. of instrument transformers according to prescribed transformation ratio, phase angle, or wattage rating
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Abstract
The present invention relates to smart grid equipment real-time data acquisition and processing, on-line monitoring technique field, specifically a kind of CVT on-line monitoring system and method and monitoring method based on distributed data acquisition processing.Monitoring system successively includes standard signal converter unit, high frequency time data acquisition process unit and terminal industrial computer, and the analysis software for carrying out CVT operating status assessment and fault diagnosis is equipped on the terminal industrial computer；Monitoring method uses the Least Square Recurrence Parameter Estimation Method with forgetting factor.Present invention is mainly used for the operation conditions of the CVT to substation to carry out real time on-line monitoring.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of the present invention relates to smart grid equipment real-time data acquisition and processing, on-line monitoring technique field
CVT on-line monitoring system and method and monitoring method based on distributed data acquisition processing.
Background technique
CVT, full name capacitance type potential transformer are the key equipments of intelligent substation, are mainly used for a high voltage
It is changed into low-voltage by certain ratio.CVT has ensured the stable operation of electric system, and the superiority and inferiority of operating status is directly related to
The accuracy of electrical quantities measurement.Currently, CVT need to be accumulated in design with upper experience is run, a large amount of operation datas show that it is transported
The stability and reliability of row and measurement are there are also to be verified, if breakdown fault occurs in CVT in operation, will give the peace of electric system
Row for the national games brings hidden danger, it is therefore necessary to carry out real time on-line monitoring to its operation conditions, realize its on-line fault diagnosis, ability
Debugging in time is ensured and is operated normally.Existing CVT real-time watch device is simultaneously immature, and monitoring effect is unreliable.In addition,
In intelligent substation, in general CVT quantity is more, if introducing independent CVT monitoring device to monitor single CVT, needs
A large amount of cost is expended, and is implemented extremely complex.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that CVT on-line monitoring is unreliable in the prior art and cost is excessively high, logical when monitoring multiple CVT
The excessive technical problem of letter data calculation amount.For this purpose, the present invention proposes that a kind of CVT based on distributed data acquisition processing is online
System and method is monitored, the data acquisition and procession of CVT operating status is distributed in multiple distributed data acquisition processing cards,
To reduce the transmission and treating capacity of data, can operation data to CVT multiple in intelligent substation and operating status it is comprehensive
It closes and carries out high speed, real-time, accurately monitoring.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
It is a kind of based on distributed data acquisition processing CVT on-line monitoring system, successively include standard signal converter unit,
High frequency time data acquisition process unit and terminal industrial computer are equipped with for carrying out CVT on the terminal industrial computer
The analysis software of operating status assessment and fault diagnosis；Standard signal converter unit, including multiple PT, multiple PT respectively with
The output end of multiple CVT is correspondingly connected with, and PT is used to be transformed to the analog output signal of CVT to be suitable for the high frequency time data and adopts
Collect the analog signal of processing unit input range；High frequency time data acquisition process unit, including the output end respectively with multiple PT
The multiple distributed data acquisitions processing card being correspondingly connected with, each distributed data acquisition processing card is for acquiring a CVT's
Three-phase voltage signal, the distributed data acquisition processing card includes the signal conditioning module being sequentially connected electrically, A/D conversion module
And data processing module；The signal conditioning module is used to amplify the useful signal of acquisition, filters out high-frequency noise, isolation high pressure wave
It gushes and common mode interference；The A/D conversion module is used to conditioned analog signal being converted to digital signal, and is sent to institute
State data processing module；The digital signal that the data processing module is used to send the A/D conversion module is handled, from
And data volume has been greatly reduced, the result for handling completion is sent to bus group packet communication module；At the high frequency time data acquisition
Reason unit further includes synchronous trigger module and bus group packet communication module, and the synchronous trigger module is used to convert to the A/D
Module sends synchronization signal, to guarantee multiple distributed data acquisition processing card synchronized samplings, the bus group packet communication module
For the signal group packet received from the processing clamping of each distributed data acquisition to be sent；Terminal industrial computer, and it is described total
The electrical connection of line group packet communication module, the operating status to receive, analyze the signal received and show CTV are transported as a result, completing CVT
The monitoring of row failure, and data are saved into database in real time convenient for checking and reappearing operation conditions.Here so-called pulse per second (PPS),
That is PPS.
The present invention also provides a kind of monitoring methods applied on above-mentioned analysis software, it is characterised in that uses band and forgets
The Least Square Recurrence Parameter Estimation Method of the factor, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: it establishes single distributed data acquisition processing and blocks passing for collected CVT secondary side A, B, C three-phase signal
Push away least square model, setting estimation parameterFor being individually spaced CVT, the recursive least-squares of the CVT secondary side signal
Model are as follows:
Wherein, Ua、Ub、UcA, B, C three-phase secondary voltage of respectively CVT,For ginseng to be estimated
Number.
Step 2: initialization.To observation sequence length N and forgetting factor ρ assignment, ρ is between 0 and 1.
Step 3: parameter to be estimated is givenInitial value is assigned with P.Initial time valueP (1)=1；It is real-time to obtain N group
The CVT output voltage of acquisition.
Step 4: one group of new CVT output three-phase voltage acquired in real time is obtained, voltage observing matrix is generatedWherein y (t) is CVT three-phase output (Ua Ub Uc)TIn the observation at current time, y
It (t-N) is CVT three-phase output (Ua Ub Uc)TObservation before n-hour.
Step 5: current time gain matrix K (t) and observing matrix φ are calculatedT(t) covariance matrix P (t):
Step 6: the estimation parameter that CVT secondary side A phase exports is updated
Whether step 7: calculating current time evaluation function J, and judge it close to 0；
If its evaluation function J is less than given threshold thus close to 0, then it is assumed that assessment parameter is effective, and sequence executes step
Eight；Otherwise step 4 is turned to.
Step 8: the parameter estimatedAs measuring (Ua Ub Uc)TEstimated value, calculate the estimated value
Three-phase exports (Ua Ub Uc)TWith the difference of the reference voltage of artificial settings, if the difference be more than preset threshold value, phase CVT
Capacitor has a possibility that breakdown, issues fault alarm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a kind of CVT on-line monitoring based on distributed data acquisition processing
System, is provided with multiple PT, each PT successively with signal conditioning module, A/D conversion module, synchronous trigger module, data processing
Module is electrically connected to form the propagation ducts of single CVT signal, can be realized the analytic operation of the three-phase signal of single CVT, then
Terminal industrial computer is issued after the operation result of all propagation ducts is summarized, and substantially reduces the operation of terminal industrial machine
Amount, can be realized it is comprehensive simultaneously to the operation data of CVT multiple in Intelligent transformer station and operating status carry out high speed, in real time,
Accurately monitoring, it is convenient and reliable；The present invention also provides the monitoring methods of CVT a kind of, minimum using the recursion containing forgetting factor
Square law can be effectively reduced the influence of CVT internal structure and systematic error to measurement accuracy, and algorithm is simple, can reduce meter
Calculation amount reduces the memory that data occupy in a computer, and arithmetic speed is fast, precision is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the working principle structural schematic diagram of CVT on-line monitoring system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the signal monitoring system structure diagram being individually spaced of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of signal conditioning module of the invention；
Fig. 4 is high frequency time data acquisition process unit connection panel schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of analysis software of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the monitoring method flow chart of CTV provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
- Fig. 2 referring to Fig.1, the CVT on-line monitoring system of the invention based on distributed data acquisition processing successively include
Standard signal converter unit I, high frequency time data acquisition process unit II and terminal industrial computer, the terminal industrial computer
On be equipped with for carry out CVT operating status assessment and fault diagnosis analysis software；Standard signal converter unit I, including it is more
The output end of a PT, multiple PT respectively with multiple CVT is correspondingly connected with, and PT is for the analog output signal of CVT to be transformed to
Analog signal suitable for the high frequency time data acquisition process unit II input range；High frequency time data acquisition process unit
II, including the multiple distributed data acquisitions processing card III being correspondingly connected with respectively with the output end of multiple PT, each distribution number
Be used to acquire the three-phase voltage signal of one CVT according to acquisition and processing card III, the distributed data acquisition processing block III include according to
Signal conditioning module, A/D conversion module and the data processing module of secondary electrical connection；The signal conditioning module is for amplifying acquisition
Useful signal, filter out high-frequency noise, high voltage surge and common mode interference be isolated；The A/D conversion module is used for conditioned mistake
Analog signal be converted to digital signal, and be sent to the data processing module；The data processing module is used for described
The digital signal that A/D conversion module is sent is handled, and the signal for handling completion is sent to bus group packet communication module；The height
Frequency data acquisition process unit II further includes synchronous trigger module and bus group packet communication module, and the synchronous trigger module is used
It is described in sending synchronization signal, to the A/D conversion module to guarantee multiple distributed data acquisitions processing III synchronized samplings of card
Bus group packet communication module is used to send the signal group packet received from each distributed data acquisition processing card III；Terminal work
Industry computer is electrically connected with the bus group packet communication module, to receive, analyze the signal received and the operation for showing CTV
State outcome completes the monitoring of CVT operation troubles, and data are saved into database in real time convenient for checking and reappearing operation shape
Condition.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, distributed data acquisition processing card based on dsp chip and
Fpga chip co-development, the A/D conversion module are developed based on fpga chip, and the data processing module is based on dsp chip
Exploitation, it may be assumed that data processing module uses DSP data processing module.Further, the synchronous trigger module sends pulse per second (PPS) extremely
Synchronization signal bus, the fpga chip receive and respond the pulse per second (PPS) and control different distributions formula data acquisition process card
III A/D conversion module follows pulse per second (PPS) synchronized sampling.Specifically, synchronous trigger module is operable with motor synchronizing or outside synchronous two
Under kind synchronous mode；When not accessing external clock, module works in motor synchronizing mode, generates pulse per second (PPS) letter according to internal crystal oscillator
Number, output to synchronization signal bus；When external clock access, module works in External synchronization mode, and it is defeated to follow external clock
Synchronization signal is to synchronization signal bus out.The bus group packet communication module is provided with FPGA controller, the FPGA controller
Packet transmission is handled and organized for analyzing multiple input signals.The fpga chip using spi bus agreement by signal export to
Data processing module, the data processing module are exported signal to FPGA controller using spi bus agreement, the FPGA control
Device processed sends a signal to terminal industrial computer by Ethernet.
Preferably, the PT is accurate miniature PT.
Preferably, the A/D conversion module uses 24 Σ-Δ type analog-to-digital converter ADS1274 chip development, should
Chip has 4 groups of analog input pins, its first three groups analog input pin is connected to front end conditioning module output end, is adopted
Sample rate is set as 10kHz, for acquiring the three-phase voltage signal of an interval mutual inductor.Fpga chip receive and respond from
The second pulse signal of synchronization signal bus, control ADS1274 chip follow synchronization signal to start to sample, while will per second interior 1024
A sample point data is collected, accesses and sends, and outputs data to follow-up data processing module using spi bus agreement；Always
Line group packet communication module is used to send from the data processing of multiple acquisition channels and group packet, mainly includes multichannel SPI
Communication is used as input, is analyzed and processed and is packaged, using wired ethernet interface pair to input information using FPGA controller
It is packaged that treated that information is sent.
Preferably, the fpga chip is EP4CE6E22C8, and performance meets the requirement of this system, mainly has A/D to control function
It can be with data forwarding capability.It is divided by 50M clock of the phaselocked loop to FPGA, 2.56MHz clock signal is generated, as A/
The sampling clock of D chip, the sample rate of control A/D chip are 10KHz, and FPGA receives external sync input signal, then generates
Lock-out pulse gives A/D chip, while controlling the work shape of A/D chip by changing the I/O mouth level being connected with A/D chip
State.The sampled data of A/D chip is sent to fpga chip by SPI interface, and fpga chip is modified it and eliminates direct current
Biasing, then DSP data processing module is sent to by SPI interface.
Preferably, the data processing module use high-speed digital video camera chip, by Resources on Chip simplify
Hardware device, calculates by outstanding data and processing capacity, realization high speed, high-precision data calculate；It is used based on three
The FFT Algorithm with High Accuracy of interpolation n uttall window, calculates fundamental wave, the harmonic frequency, amplitude, phase of three-phase signal, and seeks zero sequence
Voltage unbalance factor and negative sequence voltage degree of unbalancedness；Finally these calculated results are packaged, are sent out by serial ports RS232
It send to consecutive Bus lines group packet communication module.Specifically, technology uses the TMS320C6748 high-performance of TI company.This kind processing speed
Degree is fast, and operational precision supports SPI interface and UART interface up to 32.The data that FPGA is sent are received by SPI interface.Due to
The data that FPGA is sent are 82 system numbers, need first to be converted into 48 integers 1 32 floating numbers, then logarithm
According to progress spectrum analysis.Frequency analysis is carried out to received digital signal using Fourier's fast transform algorithm FFT, due to FFT
This classical way can make signal generate spectral leakage and fence effect, seriously affect the detection accuracy of harmonic parameters, therefore
It needs on classical FFT using high-performance window and interpolation algorithm.This final example selects the preferable Nuttall window function of effect,
In upper progress FFT windowed interpolation.
Bus group packet communication module receives the data information of multiple signal acquisition units output in each interval, and to its into
The recombination decoded with data of going is sent, and the equipment for the needs such as data acquisition while detection processing multiline message provides each interval
Output sampled value.This is based partially on FPGA and carries out exploitation realization, can synchronize parsing multiplexed signal sampling cell data agreement, letter
Number compatible RS232 agreement of output and network interface agreement.
Referring to Fig. 3, since input signal has certain common mode interference, system uses differential signal input mode.Using electricity
Resistance bleeder circuit divides measured signal, then using two-stage differential circuit come conditioned signal.The first order is put using operation
Big device OPA227 constitutes difference channel, increases input impedance, reduces loss of signal；The second level uses differential amplifier THS4521
Difference channel is constituted, the common mode interference of input signal is reduced.The stability of reference voltage VREF is to the normal of analog-to-digital conversion module
It runs most important.Select reference voltage source ADR421 as reference source in this example, which there is lower voltage to make an uproar
Sound can meet the requirement of analog-to-digital conversion module.
Referring to Fig. 4, the high frequency time data acquisition process unit II is set in a patch panel, in the patch panel
The wire area 1 to installation bus group packet communication module and synchronous trigger module is provided with, at multiple distributed data acquisitions
III plug of reason card is installed on the surface of the patch panel, is provided with and is separately connected on the distributed data acquisition processing card III
The input terminal 6 of CVT three-phase output signal, be additionally provided in the patch panel to receive pulse per second (PPS) optical port 2, connection electricity
Plant-grid connection mouth 4, discharge cock 5 and the Ethernet output network interface 3 in source.In use, 220V communication power supply and plant-grid connection
Mouth 4 is connected to, device for opening discharge cock 5, the multiple groups CVT secondary side three-phase signal monitored will be needed to be connected to input terminal 6, and used
Ethernet output network interface 3 is connected to terminal industrial computer by ethernet netting twine can both start to monitor.If optical port 2 does not connect input
Motor synchronizing mode is worked in, system automatic work triggers mode in external sync if the external pulse per second (PPS) PPS of optical port 2.
Referring to Fig. 5, it is preferred that the analysis software is write using LabView, and program uses the multilayer producer/consumer
Structure, including event generate part, data receiver part, data analysis component, database storage and reproduction part.Wherein event
It generates part to respond the instruction of program front panel human-computer interaction interface by event structure, and is recycled to other three
Issue corresponding control instruction；Data receiver part has used the dynamic link library that the function based on WinPcap function library is write, real
Now the dynamic data of computer network interface card is monitored, and parses valid data；Monitoring number of the data analysis component to collection in worksite
According to real-time analysis processing is carried out, the actual motion state of live voltage transformer is obtained, in real time by analysis result with chart and wave
The mode of shape figure is intuitively shown on industrial computer screen, issues exception if analysis show that mutual inductor operating status is abnormal
Warning, while the possible cause of unusual condition is analyzed, remind live operator on duty to safeguard and handle in time；Database storage
It deposits with reproduction part using SQL application programming interfaces, data is stored into SQL database immediately, are stored in the ROM of computer
In, data will not be lost encountering computer circuit breaking failure, while this module provides data queries to reappear part, it can be with
Related data is called out from database using SQL query statement to be checked and handled.Four each self-operatings of cardiopulmonary bypass in beating heart, mutually
It does not depend on, only the communication data in core buffer, ensured the complete of data link and stablizes.
Referring to Fig. 6, the present invention also provides a kind of monitoring methods applied on above-mentioned analysis software, to monitor on-line for a long time
CVT secondary voltage output valve simultaneously carries out the least-squares parameter estimation with forgetting factor to it to be diagnosed to be CVT failure.It considers
CVT secondary voltage output valve can not only change because CVT self capacity punctures, it is also possible to be changed by monitoring point system voltage
Caused variation, so needing CVT secondary side voltage change caused by removal system voltage in fault diagnosis.Usual system electricity
Pressure unusual fluctuations have following characteristics: quickly, generic failure can be by system protection in several hundred milliseconds to several seconds for a. voltage change
Movement isolation；B. voltage change Amplitude Ration is larger, and most of system failure results in voltage in decline variation, and CVT is electric
Holding failure then will lead to secondary voltage rising.In consideration of it, this method can exclude the caused change of monitoring point system voltage variation
Change, prevents system voltage fluctuation from causing to judge CVT failure by accident, and reduce data calculation amount and storage capacity.Specific step is as follows:
Step 1: single distributed data acquisition processing III collected CVT secondary side A, B, C three-phase signal of card is established
Recursive least-squares model, setting estimation parameterFor being individually spaced CVT, the recursion minimum two of the CVT secondary side signal
Multiply model are as follows:
Wherein, Ua、Ub、UcA, B, C three-phase secondary voltage of respectively CVT,For ginseng to be estimated
Number.
Step 2: initialization.To observation sequence length N and forgetting factor ρ assignment, ρ is between 0 and 1.
Step 3: parameter to be estimated is givenInitial value is assigned with P.Initial time valueP (1)=1；It is real-time to obtain N group
The CVT output voltage of acquisition.
Step 4: one group of new CVT output three-phase voltage acquired in real time is obtained, voltage observing matrix is generatedWherein y (t) is CVT three-phase output (Ua Ub Uc)TIn the observation at current time, y
It (t-N) is CVT three-phase output (Ua Ub Uc)TObservation before n-hour.
Step 5: current time gain matrix K (t) and observing matrix φ are calculatedT(t) covariance matrix P (t):
Step 6: the estimation parameter that CVT secondary side A phase exports is updated
Whether step 7: calculating current time evaluation function J, and judge it close to 0；
If its evaluation function J is less than given threshold thus close to 0, then it is assumed that assessment parameter is effective, and sequence executes step
Eight；Otherwise step 4 is turned to.
Step 8: the parameter estimatedAs measuring (Ua Ub Uc)TEstimated value, calculate the estimated value
Three-phase exports (Ua Ub Uc)TWith the difference of the reference voltage of artificial settings, if the difference be more than preset threshold value, phase CVT
Capacitor has a possibility that breakdown, issues fault alarm.
The above specific structure and dimension data are to be illustrated to presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention creates
It makes and is not limited to the specific embodiments, those skilled in the art can also make kind on the premise of without prejudice to spirit of the invention
The equivalent deformation or replacement of kind, these equivalent deformations or replacement are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of CVT on-line monitoring method, it is characterised in that using the Least Square Recurrence Parameter Estimation Method with forgetting factor,
Specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: passing for single distributed data acquisition processing card (III) collected CVT secondary side A, B, C three-phase signal is established
Push away least square model, setting estimation parameterFor being individually spaced CVT, the recursive least-squares of the CVT secondary side signal
Model are as follows:
Wherein, Ua、Ub、UcA, B, C three-phase secondary voltage of respectively CVT,
For parameter to be estimated；
Step 2: observation sequence length N and forgetting factor ρ assignment are given in initialization, and ρ is between 0 and 1；
Step 3: parameter to be estimated is givenInitial value, initial time value are assigned with PP (1)=1；
Obtain the CVT output voltage that N group acquires in real time；
Step 4: one group of new CVT output three-phase voltage acquired in real time is obtained, voltage observing matrix φ is generatedT(t)=[y (t-
1),…,y(t-N)]；Wherein y (t) is CVT three-phase output (Ua Ub Uc)TIn the observation at current time, y (t-N) is CVT tri-
Mutually output (Ua Ub Uc)TObservation before n-hour；
Step 5: current time gain matrix K (t) and observing matrix φ are calculatedT(t) covariance matrix P (t):
Step 6: the estimation parameter that CVT secondary side A phase exports is updated
Whether step 7: calculating current time evaluation function J, and judge it close to 0；
If its evaluation function J is less than given threshold thus close to 0, then it is assumed that assessment parameter is effective, and sequence executes step 8；It is no
Then turn to step 4；
Step 8: the parameter estimatedAs measuring (Ua Ub Uc)TEstimated value, calculate the estimated value three-phase
Export (Ua Ub Uc)TWith the difference of the reference voltage of artificial settings, if the difference be more than preset threshold value, phase CVT capacitor
There is a possibility that breakdown, issues fault alarm.
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| CN109324225B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-05-28 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | High-precision current sampling system for CVT (constant-voltage transformer) online monitoring |
| CN110361686B (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-05-18 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Multi-parameter-based fault detection method for capacitive voltage transformer |
| CN110689252B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-07-18 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Capacitive voltage transformer metering error situation awareness system |
| CN110687377B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-07-30 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Online monitoring data processing method and device for distributed energy system |
| CN111262577A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-09 | 山东电工电气集团新能科技有限公司 | Phase locking method of recursive least square algorithm based on variable forgetting factor |
| CN112001616A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-27 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | CVT state evaluation system and method |
| CN112241131A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-01-19 | 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 | AD7609 multichannel analog signal synchronous acquisition system based on FPGA |
| CN112485556A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-03-12 | 国电南瑞南京控制***有限公司 | CVT fault detection method and system based on transformer substation monitoring system and storage medium |
| CN113128144A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-16 | 芯华章科技股份有限公司 | Prototype verification system and simulation platform for verifying logic system design |
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