CN108458944B - Device and method for measuring technological parameters of composting of cellulose substances - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring technological parameters of composting of cellulose substances Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The device comprises a simulated composting reaction device and a metering device, wherein the simulated composting reaction device comprises a reaction container, an oxygen supply device and a heating device, the upper end of the reaction container is closed, a pressure controller, an ammonia sensor, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on a closed cover, and a carbon dioxide absorption device, a composting pot, a perforated plate and a percolate receiving device are arranged in the reaction container; the perforated plate is arranged at the bottom of the reaction container, a compost tank is placed above the perforated plate, and a percolate receiving device is arranged below the perforated plate; the percolate receiving device is introduced into the lower end of the composting tank through a first conduit; the top of the composting tank is provided with a carbon dioxide absorbing device; the ammonia sensor is used for measuring the ammonia content. According to the invention, by simulating the composting reaction device, the actual composting environment is set, and the determination of the composting process parameters of cellulose substances is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composting engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring composting process parameters of cellulose substances.
Background
The China is a large agricultural country, the total crop resources generally have a continuously increasing trend, and the main crop straw yield of China reaches about 9 hundred million tons by 2015. The crop straw contains a certain amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, silicon and other elements, and contains rich organic substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and the like. The straw contains a large amount of nutritional ingredients available for animals and plants, such as rice straw with nitrogen content of about 0.60%, phosphorus content of about 0.09%, wheat straw with nitrogen content of about 0.50%, phosphorus content of about 0.03%, soybean straw with nitrogen content of about 1.93% and phosphorus content of about 0.03%, and is a renewable biological resource with comprehensive utilization value. Improper disposal of crop straw (such as open air incineration) not only results in waste of resources, but also easily leads to environmental problems. The open burning of farmers is forcefully prohibited without a matched comprehensive straw utilization means, which is obviously labor-saving and difficult to realize. The organic fertilizer rich in N, P, K and humus is prepared from the straws by a composting technology, and has double benefits of economy and environment.
However, cellulose substances have disadvantages such as difficulty in degradation. The cell wall of the crop straw consists of cellulose (9-80%), hemicellulose (10-50%) and lignin (5-35%). Lignin can hinder the penetration of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.), the most difficult part of the cell wall to degrade. In addition, lignin and hemicellulose are combined in a covalent bond form, cellulose molecules are embedded in the lignin and hemicellulose to form a natural barrier, so that microorganisms and enzymes are not easy to contact with the cellulose molecules, and the degradation difficulty is further increased. The determination of the degradable components and the selection of the technological parameters of different composting raw materials have important significance for effectively shortening the composting time and improving the composting quality, and are important points and difficulties of the composting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring the composting process parameters of cellulose substances, and the device and the method are used for measuring the parameters of the cellulose substances in the composting materials.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for measuring the technological parameters of composting cellulosic substances comprises a simulated composting reaction device and a metering device;
the metering device is a trace gas metering device;
the simulated compost reaction device comprises a reaction container, an oxygen supply device and a heating device;
the top end of the reaction container is sealed, a pressure controller, an ammonia gas sensor, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the sealed cover, and the pressure controller is connected with the micro gas metering device;
a carbon dioxide absorbing device, a composting tank, a perforated plate and a percolate receiving device are arranged in the reaction container; the perforated plate is arranged at the bottom of the reaction container, a compost tank is placed above the perforated plate, and a percolate receiving device is arranged below the perforated plate; the percolate receiving device is introduced into the lower end of the composting tank through a first conduit; the top of the composting tank is provided with a carbon dioxide absorbing device;
the oxygen supply device is connected with the micro gas metering device through a second conduit, and the micro gas metering device is introduced into the reaction container through a third conduit;
the heating device is used for heating.
Further, the oxygen supply device is an oxygen steel cylinder; the gas outlet of the oxygen steel bottle is provided with a pressure reducing valve.
Further, the heating device is a water bath kettle, and the reaction vessel is placed in the water bath kettle. The water bath heating can provide a uniform heat source and a stable simulated composting temperature for the composting pot.
Further, a ventilation water-stop plate is arranged above the compost materials in the compost tank. The adoption of the breathable water-stop plate can prevent water from evaporating to form water vapor, and the water vapor is attached to the inner wall of the reaction container.
Further, the outer layer of the compost material wraps the steel wire mesh. The steel wire mesh is adopted to fix the compost materials, the steel wire has good heat conduction capability, the compost materials are not affected to be heated, and other similar metal materials are also suitable.
Further, the carbon dioxide absorbing device is filled with sodium hydroxide solution.
Furthermore, a buffer bottle is arranged between the micro gas metering device and the oxygen steel bottle, and two long and short guide pipes are arranged in the buffer bottle and are respectively connected with the oxygen steel bottle and the micro gas metering device.
Further, the reaction vessel is internally provided with the miniature soft blade fan. The adoption of the miniature flexible blade fan can promote the carbon dioxide generated in the composting process to be completely absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbing device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining a composting process parameter of cellulosic material, comprising the steps of:
1) Uniformly mixing cellulose compost materials and inoculated microorganisms, regulating the water content w1, placing the mixture into a compost tank, setting the temperature of a heating device to be the simulated compost temperature, and starting the heating device;
3) Opening the air inlet and the air outlet, purging the reaction vessel with oxygen, and closing the air inlet and the air outlet after removing the gas in the reactor;
4) Opening an oxygen supply device to supply oxygen to the simulated compost reactor;
5) Measuring the daily oxygen consumption Ox and the total oxygen consumption TO through a trace gas metering unit, and calculating that under the current process condition, the daily oxygen consumption of the unit mass of dry base material is Ox/M (1-w 1), and the total oxygen consumption of the unit mass of dry base material is=TO/M (1-w 1);
6) The composting period is t days, and after the composting process is finished, the total release amount TCO of the carbon dioxide is measured through the absorption liquid in the carbon dioxide absorption device 2 The total carbon dioxide release amount of the dry material per unit mass is TCO 2 /M(1-w1)；
7) Measuring the daily ammonia concentration Nx of the simulated composting reactor through an ammonia sensor, and calculating that the daily ammonia cumulative yield of the dry base material per unit mass is=Nx multiplied by V/M (1-w 1) under the current process condition, wherein the ammonia cumulative yield of the dry base material per unit mass after the composting process is finished is=Nt multiplied by V/M (1-w 1), and V is the actual volume of the internal space of the reaction container;
8) After the composting process is finished, determining nitrogen-containing components in the gas in the reaction container, including ammonia gas and nitrous oxide, wherein the nitrogen volatilization amount of the dry material per unit mass is=Ng multiplied by V/M (1-w 1) when the converted N content is Ng;
9) After the composting process is finished, determining the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite in the percolate, wherein the converted N content is Nq, and under the process condition, the nitrogen leaching loss amount of the dry material per unit mass is=Nq multiplied by V0/M (1-w 1), wherein V0 is the volume of the percolate;
10 By measuring the water content of the material after composting and the volume of the percolate, deducting the water content of the material, calculating the H of the material (dry basis) of unit mass in the composting process 2 O is produced in an amount of H1 and is based on the total carbon dioxide release TCO per unit mass of material (dry basis) 2 The total ammonia yield is Nt multiplied by V/M (1-w 1), the total oxygen consumption TO is calculated TO be O1, and the oxygen element yield of the dry base material per unit mass is calculated;
11 In C) a H b N c O d Is the generalized molecular formula of the degradable component of the compost material, and the product is assumed to be CO 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 Based on total carbon dioxide release TCO 2 M (1-w 1), total ammonia production NtXV/M (1-w 1), H 2 Calculating the ratio of the O generation amount H1 and the oxygen generation amount O1 to a, b, C, d to obtain the generalized molecular formula C of the degradable component of the compost material a H b N c O d 。
According to the invention, a composting reaction device is simulated, the actual composting environment is set, and the degradable component content of the composting material is obtained through the carbon dioxide amount absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbing device, the ammonia gas yield measured by the ammonia gas sensor, the oxygen consumption of the trace gas metering device and the reaction product absorbed by the percolate device, so that the determination of the composting process parameters of cellulose substances is realized. The device and the method are convenient to use and accurate in measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent oxygen supply vertical composting apparatus according to the invention;
in the figure: the device comprises an oxygen supply device 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a buffer bottle 3, a metering device 4, a heating device 5, a reaction container 6, an air outlet 7, an air inlet 8, a pressure controller 9, an ammonia gas sensor 10, a miniature flexible blade fan 11, a carbon dioxide absorbing device 12, a breathable water-stop plate 13, a steel wire mesh 14, a composting material 15, a composting tank 16, a perforated plate 17, a percolate receiving device 18 and a first conduit 19.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The device for measuring the composting process parameters of the cellulose substances is shown in figure 1, comprises a simulated compost reaction device and a metering device; the metering device 4 is a trace gas metering device 4; the simulated compost reaction device comprises a reaction container 6, an oxygen supply device 1 and a heating device 5; the top end of the reaction container 6 is sealed, and a pressure controller 9, an ammonia sensor 10, an air inlet 8 and an air outlet 7 are arranged on a sealed cover; the air inlet and the air outlet are used for evacuating the gas in the reaction vessel to form a pure oxygen reaction space; the pressure controller 9 is connected with the trace gas metering device 4; the reaction vessel 6 is internally provided with a carbon dioxide absorbing device 12, a composting pot 16, a perforated plate 17 and a percolate receiving device 18; the perforated plate 17 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction vessel 6, the compost tank 16 is placed above the perforated plate 17, the percolate receiving device 18 is arranged below the perforated plate 17, and the percolate receiving device 18 is introduced into the lower end of the compost tank 16 through the first conduit 19; the top of the composting pot 16 is provided with a carbon dioxide absorbing device 12; the oxygen supply device 1 is connected with the micro gas metering device 4 through a second conduit, and the micro gas metering device 4 is led into the reaction vessel 6 through a third conduit.
In the embodiment, the oxygen supply device 1 adopts an oxygen steel bottle 1, and a pressure reducing valve 2 is arranged at the gas outlet of the oxygen steel bottle.
The heating device 5 is a water bath kettle, and the reaction vessel 6 is placed in the water bath kettle.
A ventilation water-stop plate 13 is arranged above the composting materials 15 in the composting pot 16. The outer layer of the composting material 15 is wrapped with a steel wire mesh 14 to fix the composting material.
The carbon dioxide absorbing means 12 is filled with sodium hydroxide solution for absorbing carbon dioxide in the reaction vessel 6.
A buffer bottle 3 is arranged between the micro gas metering device 4 and the oxygen steel bottle 1, and two long and short guide pipes are arranged in the buffer bottle 3 and are respectively connected with the oxygen steel bottle 1 and the micro gas metering device 4.
The reaction vessel is internally provided with a miniature flexible blade fan to promote the carbon dioxide generated in the composting process to be completely absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbing device.
Example 2
Example 2 based on the apparatus of example 1, a specific method for determining cellulosic material parameters in compost material is provided comprising the steps of:
1) Uniformly mixing cellulose compost materials and inoculated microorganisms, wrapping the mixture with a steel wire mesh, adjusting the water content (w 1) with the total mass of M, and placing the mixture into a compost tank;
2) Setting the temperature of the water bath kettle, and simulating the temperature change process of the compost;
3) The gas inlet 8 and the gas outlet 7 are opened, the reaction vessel 6 is purged with oxygen, and after the gas in the reactor is discharged, the gas inlet 8 and the gas outlet 7 are closed.
4) Opening an oxygen steel cylinder and a partial pressure valve, and using a pressure sensor 9 to enable the reaction container to be kept at 1 atmosphere pressure, wherein the oxygen in the oxygen steel cylinder continuously flows into the simulated composting reactor 6 based on pressure balance;
5) The micro soft blade fan 11 is turned on periodically, and the time is 3-5 minutes each time, so that the carbon dioxide generated in the composting process is completely absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbing device 12;
7) Measuring the daily oxygen consumption (Ox) and the total oxygen consumption (TO) by a trace gas metering unit, and calculating that under the process condition, the daily oxygen consumption of a unit mass of material (dry basis) is =ox/M (1-w 1), and the total oxygen consumption of the unit mass of material (dry basis) is =to/M (1-w 1);
8) The composting period is t days, and after the composting process is finished, the total release amount TCO of the carbon dioxide is measured through the carbon dioxide absorbing liquid 2 Total carbon dioxide release per mass of material (dry basis) is =tco 2 /M(1-w1)；
9) The process condition can be calculated by measuring the daily ammonia content Nx of the simulated compost reactor through an ammonia sensor, wherein the daily ammonia cumulative yield of the unit mass material (dry basis) is =Nx multiplied by V/M (1-w 1), and the ammonia cumulative yield of the unit mass material (dry basis) after the composting process is finished is =Nt multiplied by V/M (1-w 1), wherein V is the actual volume of the internal space of the simulated compost reactor;
10 After the composting process is finished, determining nitrogen-containing components in the gas of the simulated composting reactor, including ammonia gas, nitrous oxide and the like, wherein the nitrogen volatilization amount of the unit mass material (dry basis) is=ng×v/M (1-w 1) when the converted N content is Ng, and V is the actual volume of the internal space of the simulated composting reactor;
11 After the composting process is finished, determining the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite in the percolate, wherein the converted N content is Nq, and the nitrogen leaching loss amount of the unit mass material (dry basis) is=Nq multiplied by V0/M (1-w 1) under the process condition, wherein V0 is the volume of the percolate;
12 By measuring the water content of the material after composting and the volume of the percolate, deducting the water content of the material, calculating the H of the material (dry basis) of unit mass in the composting process 2 O is produced in an amount of H1 and is based on the total carbon dioxide release TCO per unit mass of material (dry basis) 2 The total ammonia yield was Nt.times.V/M (1-w 1), and the total oxygen consumption TO were calculated TO give O1 as the oxygen element production per unit mass of material (dry basis).
In C a H b N c O d Generalized molecular formula of degradable component of compost material, assuming that the product is CO 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 TCO according to total carbon dioxide release 2 The total ammonia yield of the catalyst is Nt multiplied by V/M (1-w 1) and H 2 The O generation amount is H1, the oxygen generation amount is O1, the proportional relation of a, b, C, d can be calculated, and the generalized molecular formula C of the degradable component of the compost material is further obtained a H b N c O d 。
According to the invention, a composting reaction device is simulated, the actual composting environment is set, and then the degradable component content of the composting material is obtained through the carbon dioxide amount absorbed by a carbon dioxide absorbing device, the ammonia gas yield measured by an ammonia gas sensor, the oxygen consumption of a trace gas metering device and the reaction product absorbed by a percolate device, and the cellulose substance parameters in the composting process are measured through the calculation method according to the obtained degradable component content of the composting material.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring technological parameters of composting cellulose substances is characterized in that: the device comprises a simulated compost reaction device and a metering device;
the metering device is a trace gas metering device;
the simulated compost reaction device comprises a reaction container, an oxygen supply device and a heating device;
the top end of the reaction container is sealed, a pressure controller, an ammonia gas sensor, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the sealed cover, and the pressure controller is connected with the micro gas metering device;
a carbon dioxide absorbing device, a composting tank, a perforated plate and a percolate receiving device are arranged in the reaction container; the perforated plate is arranged at the bottom of the reaction container, a compost tank is placed above the perforated plate, and a percolate receiving device is arranged below the perforated plate; the percolate receiving device is introduced into the lower end of the composting tank through a first conduit; the top of the composting tank is provided with a carbon dioxide absorbing device;
the oxygen supply device is connected with the micro gas metering device through a second conduit, and the micro gas metering device is introduced into the reaction container through a third conduit;
the heating device is used for heating the reaction vessel;
the device is used for measuring the technological parameters of the composting of the cellulose substances, and comprises the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing cellulose compost materials and inoculated microorganisms, regulating the water content w1, and placing the mixture into a compost tank, wherein the total mass of the mixture is M;
2) Setting the temperature of the heating device as the simulated composting temperature, and starting the heating device;
3) Opening the air inlet and the air outlet, purging the reaction vessel with oxygen, and closing the air inlet and the air outlet after removing the gas in the reactor;
4) Opening an oxygen supply device to supply oxygen to the simulated compost reactor;
5) Measuring the daily oxygen consumption Ox and the total oxygen consumption TO through a trace gas metering unit, and calculating that under the current process condition, the daily oxygen consumption of the unit mass of dry base material is Ox/(M (1-w 1)), and the total oxygen consumption of the unit mass of dry base material is TO/(M (1-w 1));
6) The composting period is t days, and after the composting process is finished, the total release amount TCO of the carbon dioxide is measured through the absorption liquid in the carbon dioxide absorption device 2 The total carbon dioxide release amount of the dry material per unit mass is TCO 2 /(M (1- w1))；
7) Measuring the daily ammonia concentration Nx of the simulated composting reactor through an ammonia sensor, and calculating that the daily ammonia accumulated yield of the dry base material per unit mass is NxV/(M (1-w 1)) under the current process condition, wherein the ammonia accumulated yield of the dry base material per unit mass after the composting process is finished is Nt x V/(M (1-w 1)), and V is the actual volume of the internal space of the reaction container;
8) After the composting process is finished, determining nitrogen-containing components in the gas in the reaction container, including ammonia gas and nitrous oxide, wherein the nitrogen volatilization amount of the dry basis material per unit mass is Ng multiplied by V/(M (1-w 1)) when the converted N content is Ng;
9) After the composting process is finished, determining the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite in the percolate, wherein the converted N content is Nq, and under the process condition, the nitrogen leaching loss amount of the dry material per unit mass is Nq multiplied by V0/(M (1-w 1)), wherein V0 is the volume of the percolate;
10 By measuring the water content of the material after composting and the volume of the percolate, deducting the water content of the material, and calculating the H of the dry material in unit mass in the composting process 2 The O generation amount is H1 and is based on the total carbon dioxide release amount TCO of the dry material per unit mass 2 (M (1-w 1)), total ammonia yield Nt×V/(M (1-w 1)), and total oxygen consumption TO, and calculating oxygen element production amount of unit mass of dry base material TO be O1;
11 In C) a H b N c O d Is the generalized molecular formula of the degradable component of the compost material, and the product is assumed to be CO 2 、H 2 O and NH 3 Based on total carbon dioxide release TCO 2 /(M (1-w 1)), total ammonia yield Nt.times.V/(M (1-w 1)),H 2 Calculating the ratio of the O generation amount H1 and the oxygen generation amount O1 to a, b, C, d to obtain the generalized molecular formula C of the degradable component of the compost material a H b N c O d 。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxygen supply device is an oxygen cylinder; the gas outlet of the oxygen steel bottle is provided with a pressure reducing valve.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating device is a water bath kettle, and the reaction vessel is placed in the water bath kettle.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a breathable water-stop plate is arranged above the composting materials in the composting tank.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: and the outer layer of the compost material is wrapped with a steel wire mesh.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon dioxide absorbing device is filled with sodium hydroxide solution.
7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a buffer bottle is arranged between the micro gas metering device and the oxygen steel bottle, and two long and short guide pipes are arranged in the buffer bottle and are respectively connected with the oxygen steel bottle and the micro gas metering device.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: a miniature soft blade fan is arranged in the reaction container.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the micro soft blade fan 11 is turned on periodically, and the time is 3-5 minutes each time, so that carbon dioxide generated in the composting process is completely absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbing device 12.
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| CN1748035A (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2006-03-15 | 科宁公司 | Method for controlling biooxidation reactions |
| CN102432348A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-05-02 | 华北电力大学 | Kitchen residue aerobic composting device and multiparameter control method |
| CN103708868A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Aerobic composting device |
| DE102013001689A1 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-07-31 | Waldemar E. Reule | Generating biomethane from biogas or digester gas and hydrogen, comprises e.g. feeding biogas from biogas plant or digestion tower, mixed with hydrogen to biomethanation reactor, and reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen by methane bacteria |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1748035A (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2006-03-15 | 科宁公司 | Method for controlling biooxidation reactions |
| CN102432348A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-05-02 | 华北电力大学 | Kitchen residue aerobic composting device and multiparameter control method |
| DE102013001689A1 (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-07-31 | Waldemar E. Reule | Generating biomethane from biogas or digester gas and hydrogen, comprises e.g. feeding biogas from biogas plant or digestion tower, mixed with hydrogen to biomethanation reactor, and reacting carbon dioxide with hydrogen by methane bacteria |
| CN103708868A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Aerobic composting device |
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