CN108454381B - 用于机动车的变速器 - Google Patents

用于机动车的变速器 Download PDF

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CN108454381B
CN108454381B CN201810147693.5A CN201810147693A CN108454381B CN 108454381 B CN108454381 B CN 108454381B CN 201810147693 A CN201810147693 A CN 201810147693A CN 108454381 B CN108454381 B CN 108454381B
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transmission
subtransmission
shaft
subtransmissions
clutch
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CN108454381A (zh
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B·翁塞尔德
J·帕夫拉克维奇
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds

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Abstract

用于机动车的变速器包括驱动轴、从动轴、电机以及两个分变速器，其中，所述分变速器中的每个分变速器具有一个输入轴以及至少一个输出轴，并且设计用于在所述相应的输入轴与所述至少一个输出轴之间可切换地提供至少一个传动比，并且所述驱动轴能经由第一离合器与第一分变速器连接，并且经由第二离合器与第二分变速器连接，所述从动轴与分变速器的输出轴永久地连接，所述变速器包括具有一个输入轴以及至少一个输出轴的第三分变速器，所述第三分变速器的输入轴经由第三离合器与第二分变速器的输入轴永久地连接，并且第三分变速器的所述至少一个输出轴与从动轴永久地连接，并且所述转子与第二分变速器的输入轴或与第三分变速器的输入轴永久地连接。

Description

用于机动车的变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器以及一种用于具有这种变速器的机动车的动力总成***。变速器在此尤其是称为多级变速器，在该多级变速器中可在变速器的驱动轴和从动轴之间通过切换元件优选自动切换多个挡位、即固定传动比。切换元件在此例如是离合器或制动器。这种变速器主要用于机动车中，以便以适合的方式使驱动单元的转速和扭矩输出特性适应车辆的行驶阻力。
背景技术
专利申请DE102007050659A1说明一种用于运行动力总成***的方法，该动力总成***包括内燃机、电机以及具有两个分变速器的双离合器变速器。在内燃机与分变速器之间分别连接一个离合器切换。所述电机在离合器的下游连接在所述两个分变速器中的一个分变速器上。如果这种动力总成***仅通过电机驱动，则所述两个离合器被打开，以便不拖动内燃机。然而在此在各分变速器之间不能实现动力换挡。
专利申请DE102010003442A1说明一种用于车辆的混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置具有内燃机以及连接于下游的双离合器变速器。在内燃机与双离合器变速器之间设置有分离离合器。电机与双离合器变速器的输入轴连接。这种构造在纯电动车辆驱动装置中也允许各分变速器之间的动力换挡。然而，双离合器在混合驱动中必须能够传输内燃机以及电机的总力矩。所述双离合器因此强烈受载。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务提供一种变速器，该变速器的优点不仅在于在通过分变速器驱动时的动力换挡而且在于小的离合器负载。
该任务通过根据本发明的一种用于机动车的变速器的特征来解决，该变速器包括驱动轴、从动轴、电机以及两个分变速器(第一分变速器和第二分变速器)。所述两个分变速器中的每个分变速器具有一个输入轴和至少一个输出轴，并且设计用于在相应的输入轴与所述至少一个输出轴之间可切换地提供至少一个传动比。所述驱动轴能够经由第一离合器与所述第一分变速器连接，并且经由第二离合器与所述第二分变速器连接。所述从动轴与两个分变速器的输出轴永久地连接。
按照本发明，所述变速器包括具有输入轴和输出轴的第三分变速器。所述第三分变速器的输入轴经由第三离合器与第二分变速器的输入轴连接。第三分变速器的所述至少一个输出轴与从动轴永久地连接。电机的转子与第二分变速器的输入轴或与第三分变速器的输入轴永久地连接。
以这样的方式，在纯电动驱动的情况下，在经由第三离合器连接的各分变速器之间的动力换挡是可能的。如果转子与第二分变速器的输入轴连接，则在混合驱动时仅第三离合器必须能够传输由驱动轴输入的力矩以及电机的力矩。所述第一和第二离合器仅必须能够传输由驱动轴输入的力矩。如果转子与第三分变速器的输入轴连接，则三个离合器中的每个离合器最多被由驱动轴输入的力矩加载或者说第三离合器最大被电机的力矩加载。
根据一种优选的实施方案，所有三个分变速器的输入轴设置成彼此同轴的。以这种方式，特别紧凑的结构是可能的。
优选地，第一和第二离合器在结构上组合成一个双离合器单元。第三离合器与所述双离合器单元在结构上设置成分开的。优选地，双离合器单元和第三离合器设置在变速器的彼此对置的轴向端部上。
根据一种备选的实施形式，所述第一、第二和第三离合器在结构上组合成一个三重离合器单元。
所述变速器设计用于在驱动轴与从动轴之间提供多个前进挡。优选地，偶数挡位数的前进挡仅配置给三个分变速器中的一个分变速器，而奇数挡位数的前进挡分配给剩下的两个分变速器。以这样的方式给定有利的动力换挡。特别优选地，奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给第一分变速器。因而，在具有六个前进挡的示例性变速器中，优选第一、第三和第五前进挡配置给第一分变速器，第二前进挡配置给第二分变速器，并且第四和第六前进挡配置给第三分变速器。
然而也已知多种变速器***，在这些变速器***中单个前进挡配置给多个分变速器。所述挡位也被称作迂回挡。在这种***中，优选同样奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给三个分变速器中的一个分变速器，而偶数挡位数的前进挡配置给剩下的两个分变速器。在此，迂回挡是所述配置的例外情况。优选地，奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给第一分变速器。因而，在具有至少六个前进挡的示例性变速器中，优选第三和第五前进挡配置给第一分变速器，第四核第六前进挡配置给第二分变速器，并且第二前进挡配置给第三分变速器。所述第一前进挡利用所有三个分变速器。
所述变速器可以是机动车动力总成***的组成部分。该动力总成***除了变速器外也包括内燃机，该内燃机能够通过扭振减振器与变速器的驱动轴扭转弹性地连接或可连接。变速器的从动轴与变速器内部的或变速器外部的差速器起驱动作用地连接，该差速器与机动车的车轮作用连接。所述动力总成***能够实现机动车的多种运行模式。在电动行驶运行中，机动车由变速器的电机驱动。在内燃机运行中，机动车由内燃机驱动。在混合驱动运行中，机动车既由内燃机又由变速器的电机驱动。
“永久连接”是指两个元件之间始终存在的连接。这样永久连接的元件始终以其转速之间的相同的相关性旋转。在两个元件之间的永久连接中不可设置切换元件。因此永久连接不同于可切换的连接。“始终不可相对旋转的连接”是指两个元件之间始终存在的连接并且其连接的元件因此始终具有相同的转速。
附图说明
以下借助附图详细描述本发明的各实施例。其中：
图1示出按照本发明的第一变速器的示意图；
图2示出第一变速器的实施例；
图3示出按照本发明的第二变速器的示意图；
图4示出第二变速器的实施例；
图5至图8示出第二变速器的不同状态；并且
图9示出用于机动车的动力总成***的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据第一种实施形式的变速器G的示意图。所述变速器G具有驱动轴G1和从动轴G2。三个分变速器连接在驱动轴G1与从动轴G2之间，这些分变速器被称作TG1、TG2和TG3。所述分变速器TG1、TG2、TG3中的每个分变速器分别具有一个输入轴TG1an、TG2an、TG3an以及至少一个输出轴TG1ab、TG2ab、TG3ab。所述驱动轴G1经由第一离合器K1与第一分变速器TG1的输入轴TG1an连接，并且经由第二离合器K2与第二分变速器TG2的输入轴TG2an连接。第三分变速器TG3的输入轴TG3an经由第三离合器K3与第二分变速器TG2的输入轴TG2an连接。输出轴TG1ab、TG2ab、TG3ab全部与从动轴G2连接。变速器G还具有电机EM，该电机在图1中仅象征地示出。电机EM的转子与第二分变速器TG2的输入轴TG2an永久地连接。
图2示出根据第一种实施形式的变速器G的一种实施例。在其中三个分变速器TG1、TG2、TG3的输入轴TG1an、TG2an、TG3an设置成彼此同轴的。三个离合器K1、K2、K3设置成在空间上彼此直接紧邻的，并且因此能够在结构上组合成一个三重离合器单元。电机EM在三个离合器K1、K2、K3的区域中设置成与输入轴TG1an、TG2an、TG3an同轴。三个分变速器TG1、TG2、TG3中的每个分变速器具有两个彼此轴向平行设置的输出轴TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab1、TG2ab2、TG3ab1、TG3ab2。输出轴TG1ab1、TG2ab1、TG3ab1不可相对旋转地互相连接，输出轴TG1ab2、TG2ab2、TG3ab2不可相对旋转地互相连接。这两种输出轴经由正齿轮级与在图2中未示出的从动轴G2连接。
三个分变速器TG1、TG2、TG3中的每个分变速器具有至少两个齿轮副，所述齿轮副用于可切换地提供传动比。与输入轴TG1an、TG2an、TG3an同轴的齿轮分别构造为固定齿轮，而与输出轴TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab1、TG2ab2、TG3ab1、TG3ab2设置成同轴的齿轮构造为空套齿轮。在图2中未示出用于将相应的空套齿轮与相应的输出轴TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab1、TG2ab2、TG3ab1、TG3ab2连接的换挡离合器。
在图2中示出的实施例设计用于在驱动轴G1与从动轴G2之间提供六个前进挡1至6以及一个倒挡R。挡位4和6配置给第三分变速器TG3。第二前进挡2和倒挡R配置给第二分变速器TG2。挡位1、3和5配置给第一分变速器TG1。
图3示出根据第二种实施形式的变速器G的示意图，该变速器基本上对应于在图1中示出的第一种实施形式。电机EM现在不再连接到第二分变速器TG2的输入轴TG2an上，而是连接到第三分变速器TG3的输入轴TG3an上。此外，第一和第二分变速器TG1、TG2能够通过离合器K互相连接。
图4示出根据第二种实施形式的变速器G的一种实施例。驱动轴G1经由可选的扭振减振器TS与双离合器单元连接，在该双离合器单元中第一和第二离合器K1、K2在结构上组合在一起。所述双离合器单元和第三离合器K3现在设置在变速器G的彼此对置的各轴向端部上。电机EM现在与彼此同中心设置的输入轴TG1an、TG2an、TG3an设置成轴向平行的，其中，电机EM的输出小齿轮与第三分变速器TG3的空套齿轮啮合。离合器K将第一分变速器TG1的输入轴TG1an与第二分变速器TG2的输入轴TG2an连接。在图3中示意性示出换挡离合器，该换挡离合器用于将空套齿轮与相应的输出轴TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab1、TG2ab2、TG3ab1、TG3ab2连接。为了形成所述变速器G的挡位，参阅专利申请DE102007049271A1，该专利申请说明相同的变速器，该变速器没有第三离合器K3并且没有电机EM。
图5至图8借助图3的示意图示出根据图4的变速器的不同状态。图5示出在驱动轴G1与从动轴G2之间通过所有三个分变速器TG1、TG2、TG3形成第一前进挡时的动力流。图6示出在仅通过第三分变速器TG3形成第二前进挡时的动力流。图7示出在仅通过第一分变速器TG1形成第三和第五前进挡时的动力流。图8示出在仅通过第二分变速器TG2形成第四和第六前进挡时的动力流。
图9示例性地示出机动车的具有根据第一种实施形式的变速器G的动力总成***。驱动轴G1与内燃机VM连接，其中，在该作用连接中可以设置有用于减少扭转振动的装置。所述装置可以是变速器G的组成部分。从动轴G2与差速器AG连接，存在于从动轴G2上功率通过该差速器被分配到机动车的各驱动车轮DW上。在图9中的示图仅应当看成示例性的。因此，动力总成***也可以构造有根据第二实施形式的变速器G。该动力总成***也可以构造为前部横向布置的动力总成***。
附图标记
G 变速器
G1 驱动轴
G2 从动轴
TG1 第一分变速器
TG1an 输入轴
TG1ab 输出轴
TG1ab1 输出轴
TG1ab2 输出轴
TG2 第二分变速器
TG2an 输入轴
TG2ab 输出轴
TG2ab1 输出轴
TG2ab2 输出轴
TG3 第三分变速器
TG3an 输入轴
TG3ab 输出轴
TG3ab1 输出轴
TG3ab2 输出轴
K1 第一离合器
K2 第二离合器
K3 第三离合器
K 离合器
EM 电机
1至6 前进挡
R 倒挡
TS 扭振减振器
VM 内燃机
AG 差速器
DW 驱动车轮

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机动车的变速器(G)，该变速器(G)包括：驱动轴(G1)；从动轴(G2)；具有不可旋转的定子和可旋转的转子的电机(EM)；以及两个分变速器(TG1、TG2)、即第一分变速器(TG1)和第二分变速器(TG2)，其中，
所述分变速器(TG1、TG2)中的每个分变速器具有一个输入轴(TG1an、TG2an)以及至少一个输出轴(TG1ab、TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab、TG2ab1、TG2ab2)，并且设计用于在相应的所述输入轴(TG1an、TG2an)与所述至少一个输出轴(TG1ab、TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab、TG2ab1、TG2ab2)之间可切换地提供至少一个传动比，
所述驱动轴(G1)能够经由第一离合器(K1)与所述第一分变速器(TG1)连接并且能够经由第二离合器(K2)与所述第二分变速器(TG2)连接，
所述从动轴(G2)与分变速器(TG1、TG2)的输出轴(TG1ab、TG1ab1、TG1ab2、TG2ab、TG2ab1、TG2ab2)永久地连接，
其特征在于，所述变速器(G)包括具有一个输入轴(TG3an)以及至少一个输出轴(TG3ab、TG3ab1、TG3ab2)的第三分变速器(TG3)，其中，所述第三分变速器(TG3)的输入轴(TG3an)经由第三离合器(K3)与第二分变速器(TG2)的输入轴(TG2an)永久地连接，第三分变速器(TG3)的所述至少一个输出轴(TG3ab、TG3ab1、TG3ab2)与从动轴(G2)永久地连接，并且所述转子与第二分变速器(TG2)的输入轴(TG2an)或与第三分变速器(TG3)的输入轴(TG3an)永久地连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)、即第一分变速器(TG1)、第二分变速器(TG2)和第三分变速器(TG3)的输入轴(TG1an、TG2an、TG3an)设置成彼此同轴的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述第一离合器(K1)和第二离合器(K2)在结构上组合成一个双离合器单元，其中，所述第三离合器(K3)在结构上设置成与所述双离合器单元分开。
4.根据权利要求3所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述双离合器单元和第三离合器(K3)设置在变速器(G)的彼此对置的轴向端部上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述第一、第二和第三离合器(K1、K2、K3)在结构上组合成一个三重离合器单元。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，该变速器(G)设计用于在驱动轴(G1)与从动轴(G2)之间提供多个前进挡，其中，奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给所述三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)、即第一分变速器(TG1)、第二分变速器(TG2)和第三分变速器(TG3)中的一个分变速器，并且偶数挡位数的前进挡分配给所述三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)的剩下的两个分变速器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给所述第一分变速器(TG1)，其中，偶数挡位数的前进挡分配给所述第二和第三分变速器(TG2、TG3)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，该变速器(G)设计用于在驱动轴(G1)与从动轴(G2)之间提供六个前进挡(1至6)，其中，
第一、第三和第五前进挡(1、3、5)配置给第一分变速器(TG1)，
第二前进挡(2)配置给第二分变速器(TG2)，并且
第四和第六前进挡(4、6)配置给第三分变速器(TG3)。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，该变速器(G)设计用于在驱动轴(G1)与从动轴(G2)之间提供多个前进挡，其中，奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给所述三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)、即第一分变速器(TG1)、第二分变速器(TG2)和第三分变速器(TG3)中的一个分变速器，并且偶数挡位数的前进挡分配给所述三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)的剩下的两个分变速器，例外的是，至少一个所述前进挡配置给至少两个所述分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，仅配置给所述三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)中的一个分变速器的奇数挡位数的前进挡配置给第一分变速器(TG1)，并且仅配置给所述三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)中的一个分变速器的偶数挡位数的前进挡分配给第二和第三分变速器(TG2、TG3)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，该变速器(G)设计用于在驱动轴(G1)与从动轴(G2)之间提供至少六个前进挡，其中，
第三和第五前进挡配置给第一分变速器(TG1)，
第四和第六前进挡配置给第二分变速器(TG2)，
第二前进挡配置给第三分变速器(TG3)，并且
第一前进挡配置给所有三个分变速器(TG1、TG2、TG3)。
12.一种动力总成***，其具有根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的变速器(G)。
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