CN108453288B - Numerical control taper deep hole machining device and process - Google Patents
Numerical control taper deep hole machining device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN108453288B CN108453288B CN201810528992.3A CN201810528992A CN108453288B CN 108453288 B CN108453288 B CN 108453288B CN 201810528992 A CN201810528992 A CN 201810528992A CN 108453288 B CN108453288 B CN 108453288B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/06—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring conical holes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/06—Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
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Abstract
The numerical control taper deep hole processing device mainly comprises a boring device, a transmission device, a driving device and a supporting device, wherein the supporting device is connected with a lathe bed of a machine tool, the driving device is connected with the supporting device, and the driving device provides feeding power for the boring device through the transmission device. According to the technical scheme, on one hand, the force transmission mode of the taper mandrel and the pull rod is changed, so that the stress state of the taper mandrel and the pull rod is improved, the pull rod cannot be bent in a tensile state, the boring bar is not required to provide support on the whole length of the pull rod, the weight of the boring bar is reduced, and the boring bar is convenient to use; on the other hand, the force transmission path is optimized, the stress condition of the taper mandrel is further improved, and the machining precision and reliability of the numerical control taper deep hole machining device are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of special cutters, in particular to a numerical control taper deep hole machining device and a numerical control taper deep hole machining process mainly used for machining single taper hole deep holes.
Background
The machining of tapered deep holes is a technical problem all the time, and currently, existing deep hole machining machines such as TK2120 numerical control deep hole boring machine and 2MK2135 numerical control deep hole honing machine can only machine straight holes but cannot machine tapered deep holes. The straight hole may be, for example, a through hole, a blind hole, a stepped hole, or the like.
Under the condition that no forming machine tool is used for taper deep hole machining, some auxiliary tools are designed in the prior art and are installed on an existing machine tool for taper deep hole machining, for example, chinese patent application with the application publication number of CN102717119A discloses an ordinary lathe which can be used for taper deep hole boring and comprises a lathe bed, a boring rod and a boring cutter, the axial center and the radial direction of the boring rod are both perforated, the boring cutter is installed in the radial hole of the boring rod, a double-cone core rod is arranged in the axial hole of the boring rod, the front end of the double-cone core rod is provided with two cone bodies, the conicity of the two cone bodies is equal, a floating support is also installed on the boring rod, a taper hole is formed in the boring cutter, and the axial direction of the taper hole is parallel to the axial direction of the boring rod.
However, the technical solutions of the above patent applications have the following technical problems: on one hand, the double-conical core rod pushes the cutter to feed in a pushing manner, and the diameters of the boring bar and the double-conical core rod are necessarily limited to be smaller due to the diameter limitation of the conical hole of the workpiece, and the rod with the smaller diameter is easy to bend when bearing the pushing force, so that the machining precision of the workpiece is insufficient; or if the whole length of the double-cone core bar is supported, the inner hole of the boring bar is required to be matched with the outer circle of the double-cone core bar, so that the sectional area of the boring bar is increased, the boring bar has heavier weight, and the boring bar is inconvenient to use; on the other hand, the front conical surface and the rear conical surface of the double-conical core rod are respectively used for supporting a cutter and a floating support, and the supporting counterforce of the floating support to the double-conical core rod and the radial cutting component force of a workpiece to the double-conical core rod through the cutter are not on the same straight line, so that the vibration is large in the processing process, and the problem of poor processing precision and roughness of the surface of the workpiece is easily caused.
Therefore, designing a numerical control taper deep hole processing device and process with high processing precision and reliable use becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a numerical control taper deep hole machining device and a numerical control taper deep hole machining process, which can change a force transmission mode and the stress state of key parts on one hand; on the other hand, the force transmission path is optimized, thereby solving the aforementioned problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an aspect of the present application provides a numerical control taper deep hole processing device, which includes: a support device connected with the bed of the machine tool; a driving device connected with the supporting device; the boring device comprises a boring head body, a taper mandrel and a tool holder, wherein a boring body core hole and a boring tool groove connected with the boring body core hole are formed in the center of the boring head body, the taper mandrel is arranged in the boring body core hole, the tool holder is arranged in the boring tool groove, the taper mandrel is provided with a first cone and a second cone with the same taper, a machine clamping blade is arranged on the outer side of the tool holder, a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane are arranged on the inner side of the tool holder, the first inclined plane is matched with the first cone, and the second inclined plane is matched with the second cone; the transmission device comprises a boring bar, a transmission sleeve and a pull rod arranged in the center of the boring bar, one end of the boring bar is connected with the boring head body, and the other end of the boring bar is connected with the supporting device; the pull rod is axially movably connected with the boring bar, one end of the pull rod is connected with the taper mandrel, and the other end of the pull rod is provided with a thread section; the transmission sleeve is supported in a rotatable state, one end of the transmission sleeve is connected with the output end of the driving device, and the other end of the transmission device is in threaded transmission connection with the threaded section; the boring head body is radially provided with three supporting grooves, the supporting grooves are connected with the boring body core holes, each supporting groove is internally provided with a supporting block capable of sliding radially, the inner side of each supporting block is provided with a third inclined plane and a fourth inclined plane, the third inclined plane is matched with the first cone, the fourth inclined plane is matched with the second cone, and the outer side of each supporting block is provided with a guide block; when the transmission sleeve rotates towards the set direction, the pull rod drives the taper mandrel to axially move by pulling force, so that the tool apron and the supporting block are driven to synchronously move radially outwards.
As a first improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, the middle parts of the first inclined plane, the second inclined plane, the third inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane are inwards sunken to form an inner concave part, two ends of the inner concave part are contacted with the first cone or the second cone, and lubricating grease is filled in the inner concave part.
As a second improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, a plurality of annular grooves are formed in the outer sides of the supporting block and the tool apron, and annular tension springs are arranged in the annular grooves.
As a third improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, a supporting sleeve is fixedly arranged at the connecting end of the boring bar and the transmission sleeve, and the transmission sleeve is rotatably connected with the supporting sleeve.
As a fourth improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, the pull rod is provided with an axial limiting groove, the boring rod is provided with a limiting pin at a position corresponding to the limiting groove, the limiting pin is connected with the boring rod, and the front end of the limiting groove is connected with the limiting groove.
As a fifth improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, the numerical control taper deep hole processing device is characterized in that the boring bar is formed by connecting multiple sections, and the pull rod is formed by connecting multiple sections.
As a fifth improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, the numerical control taper deep hole processing device is characterized in that at least one support ring is arranged in an annular space between the boring bar and the pull rod, the support ring is fixedly connected with the boring bar, and the pull rod is axially and slidably connected with the support ring.
As a sixth improvement of the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, the support groove comprises a first support groove, a second support groove and a third support groove, wherein the boring cutter groove, the first support groove, the second support groove and the third support groove are sequentially arranged around the circumferential direction of the boring head body, and the first support groove and the boring cutter groove are spaced by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boring head body; the second supporting groove and the first supporting groove are spaced by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boring head body; the third supporting groove and the boring cutter groove are spaced at 76 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boring head body.
The application also provides a taper deep hole processing technology by adopting the numerical control taper deep hole processing device, which mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling and boring a stepped hole;
s2, boring the stepped holes sequentially according to the sequence of the diameters of the inner holes from small to large, and positioning and supporting the stepped holes by the machined taper holes of the previous section when the next step of stepped holes are machined;
S3, honing the workpiece taper hole by using a honing device.
Specifically, the honing device includes:
the honing device comprises a honing body, wherein a honing body core hole and a plurality of groove bodies connected with the honing body core hole are arranged in the center of the honing body, the groove bodies are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the honing body, and an oilstone body capable of extending/retracting radially is arranged in each groove body;
the center rod is axially and slidably connected with the honing body core hole;
The oilstone seat is arranged in the groove body, one end of the oilstone seat is in pivot connection with the honing body, and the other end of the oilstone seat is in pivot connection with the oilstone body;
and one end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected with the central rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected with the middle part of the whetstone seat.
Compared with the prior art, the numerical control taper deep hole processing device and the process have the following beneficial effects: on one hand, the force transmission mode of the taper core shaft and the pull rod is changed, and the driving device transmits radial feeding force through the pull rod pulling the taper core shaft axial machine clamp blade, so that the stress state of the taper core shaft and the pull rod is improved, the pull rod cannot be bent in a tensile state, the boring bar is not required to provide support on the whole length of the pull rod, the weight of the boring bar is reduced, and the boring bar is convenient to use; on the other hand, the first cone and the second cone on the taper mandrel synchronously push the tool apron and the supporting block to move outwards in the radial direction, so that the bearing counterforce of the workpiece to the supporting block and the radial cutting component force of the workpiece to the tool are on the same straight line, the force transmission path is optimized, the stress condition of the taper mandrel is further improved, and the machining precision and reliability of the numerical control taper deep hole machining device are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a numerical control taper deep hole processing device according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view and a partial enlarged view of a boring device in a numerical control taper deep hole processing device according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tapered mandrel in a numerical control tapered deep hole processing device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a transmission device in a numerical control taper deep hole processing device according to an embodiment of the application;
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a contracted state structure of a honing device in a numerical control taper deep hole processing device according to an embodiment of the application;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an opened state structure of a honing device in a numerical control taper deep hole processing device according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 8 is a B-B cross-sectional view of FIG. 6;
Fig. 9A-9D are schematic diagrams illustrating a numerical control taper deep hole processing process according to an embodiment of the application.
Description of the reference numerals
A 100-boring device, wherein the boring device comprises a boring device,
The boring tool comprises a boring head body, 1011-boring body core holes, 1012-boring tool grooves, 1013a, 1013b, 1013 c-first, second and third support grooves, 102-taper mandrels, 1021-first taper, 1022-second taper, 1023, 1024-first and second support parts, 103-tool holders, 104-clamp inserts, 105-boring body end caps, 106-first fasteners, 107-support blocks, 107a, 107b, 107 c-first, second and third support blocks, 1071-third inclined surfaces, 1072-fourth inclined surfaces, 108-first tension springs, 109-guide blocks, 109a, 109b, 109 c-first, second and third guide blocks, 110-second fasteners, 111-second tension springs, 112-third tension springs, 113-glue blocks, 1-first inclined surfaces, 1142-second inclined surfaces, 115-annular grooves, 116-concave parts;
A 200-degree of freedom of the transmission,
201. 201A, 201 b-boring bars, 2011-thread sections, 202a, 202b pull bars, 2021-limit grooves, 203-support rings, 204-fixed pins, 205-limit pins, 206-support sleeves, 207-first bearings, 208-transmission sleeves, 209-second bearings and 210-snap rings;
300-the driving means are provided with a driving device,
301-A speed reducer, 3011-an output end and 302-a motor;
400-a honing device, which is provided with a honing head,
401-Honing body, 4011-honing body core hole, 4012-groove body, 402-center rod, 403-connecting rod, 404-oilstone seat, 405-oilstone body, 406-honing body end cover;
500-supporting means.
Detailed Description
Other objects and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following explanation of the preferred embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, a numerical control taper deep hole processing device comprises a boring device 100, a transmission device 200, a driving device 300 and a supporting device 500, wherein the supporting device 500 is connected with a lathe bed of a machine tool, the driving device 300 is connected with the supporting device 500, and the driving device 300 provides feeding power for the boring device 100 through the transmission device 200.
The machine tool can be a TK2120 numerical control deep hole boring machine, the TK2120 machine tool is special equipment for processing deep hole workpieces, a Germany Siemens numerical control system is provided, a compact main shaft bearing and an oil feeder injection bearing are arranged, and the precision is high and the rigidity is good; the depth display and depth control functions are accurate. The performance is particularly remarkable when the workpieces with depth requirements such as blind holes, stepped holes and the like are machined, and meanwhile, the advantages of the T2120 product are reserved, so that the drilling, boring and rolling machining can be performed.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the force transmission mode of the taper mandrel 1012 and the pull rod 202 is changed, and the driving device 300 transmits radial feeding force to the clamping blade 104 by pulling the taper mandrel 1012 by the pull rod 202, so that the stress state of the taper mandrel 1012 and the pull rod 202 is improved, the pull rod 202 cannot bend in a state of bearing tensile force, the pull rod 202 does not need to support the boring bar 201 in the whole length, and the weight of the boring bar 201 is reduced, so that the boring bar is easy to operate; on the other hand, the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 on the taper mandrel 1012 push the tool apron 103 and the supporting block 107 to move radially outwards, so that the bearing reaction force of the workpiece to the supporting block 107 and the radial cutting component force of the workpiece to the tool are on the same straight line, the force transmission path is optimized, the stress condition of the taper mandrel 1012 is further improved, and the machining precision and reliability of the numerical control taper deep hole machining device are improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the supporting device 500 is connected to a bed (not shown in the figure) of the machine tool; the driving device 300 includes a speed reducer 301 and a motor 302 connected to the speed reducer 301, and the motor 302 is preferably an ac servo motor. The housing of the speed reducer 301 is connected to the supporting device 500. The left end of the transmission device 200 is connected with the boring device 100, and the right end of the transmission device 200 is connected with the supporting device 500.
The structure and operation of the boring device 100 will first be described in detail.
As shown in fig. 2, the boring device 100 includes a boring head body 101, a taper mandrel 1012 and a tool holder 103, a boring body core hole 1011 and a boring tool slot 1012 connected with the boring body core hole 1011 are provided in the center of the boring head body 101, the taper mandrel 1012 is disposed in the boring body core hole 1011, the taper mandrel 1012 and the boring body core hole 1011 are in a small clearance fit, the tool holder 103 is disposed in the boring tool slot 1012, the taper mandrel 1012 has a first cone 1021 and a second cone 1022 with the same taper, a clamping blade 104 is provided on the outer side of the tool holder 103, a first inclined plane 1141 and a second inclined plane 1142 are provided on the inner side of the tool holder 103, the first inclined plane 1141 is engaged with the first cone 1021, and the second inclined plane 1142 is engaged with the second cone 1022.
As shown in fig. 2, the machine clamp blade 104 has chip breaking grooves, and when one surface of the machine clamp blade 104 is worn, the other surface can be replaced for continuous processing, so that the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 2, a boring body end cover 105 is disposed at the left end of the boring head body 101, and the boring body end cover 105 is connected to the boring head body 101 through a plurality of first fasteners 106, where the first fasteners 106 may be, for example, socket head cap screws.
As shown in fig. 3, three supporting grooves 1013a, 1013b, 1013c, that is, a first supporting groove 1013a, a second supporting groove 1013b, and a third supporting groove 1013c are radially provided on the boring head body 101, the first, second, and third supporting grooves 1013a, 1013b, 1013c are connected with the boring body core hole 1011, each supporting groove is provided with a supporting block 107 capable of sliding radially, a third inclined surface 1071 and a fourth inclined surface 1072 are provided on the inner side of the supporting block 107, the third inclined surface 1071 is engaged with the first cone 1021, and the fourth inclined surface 1072 is engaged with the second cone 1022.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the boring cutter groove 1012, the first supporting groove 1013a, the second supporting groove 1013b, and the third supporting groove 1013c are sequentially arranged around the circumferential direction of the boring head body 101, the first supporting groove 1013a being spaced from the boring cutter groove 1012 by 90 ° in the circumferential direction of the boring head body 101; the second supporting groove 1013b is spaced 90 ° from the first supporting groove 1013a in the circumferential direction of the boring head body 101; the third supporting groove 1013c is spaced apart from the boring cutter groove 1012 in the circumferential direction of the boring head body 101 by an angle α of 76 °. Accordingly, the first supporting block 107 and the first guide block 109a are disposed within the first supporting groove 1013 a; the second supporting block 107 and the second guide block 109b are disposed in the second supporting groove 1013b, and the third supporting block 107 and the third guide block 109c are disposed in the third supporting groove 1013 c. It has been verified through experiments that the above-described arrangement orientations of the first, second and third supporting grooves 1013a, 1013b, 1013c are advantageous for balancing the cutting forces generated during the cutting process and the supporting reaction forces of the inner surfaces of the workpiece to the first, second and third guide blocks 109a, 109b, 109 c. The provision of the support blocks 107 and guide blocks 109 ensures proper positioning of the tool during boring, providing stability and rigidity of the tool during machining.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of annular grooves 115 are formed on the outer sides of the support block 107 and the tool holder 103, and annular tension springs, namely, first, second and third tension springs 108, 111 and 112 are formed in the annular grooves 115, and the first tension spring 108, the second tension spring 111 and the third tension spring 112 are separately arranged, wherein the first tension spring 108 is arranged near the side of the clamping blade 104, the third tension spring 112 is arranged on the other side of the tool holder 103 and the support block 107, and the second tension spring 111 is arranged near the middle position of the tool holder 103 and the support block 107. The first, second and third tension springs 108, 111, 112 are arranged at positions such that the tension springs can uniformly distribute the forces of the tool holder 103 and the supporting block 107, thereby facilitating smooth retraction of the tool holder 103 and the supporting block 107.
As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment, the tapered mandrel 1012 further includes a first support 1023 and a second support 1024, the first support 1023 and the second support 1024 being disposed coaxially with the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 at a distance from each other; correspondingly, a section of cylindrical hole matched with the first support portion 1023 and the second support portion 1024 is arranged in the boring head body 101, and the first support portion 1023 and the second support portion 1024 are axially slidably connected with the cylindrical hole. The first and second support portions 1023 and 1024 can center the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 such that the center axes of the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 are located at the center position of the boring head body 101.
The boring device 100 described above works on the following principle: as shown in fig. 2, as the tapered mandrel 1012 moves axially to the right, the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 move axially to the right accordingly; the first cone 1021, the first inclined plane 1141 and the third inclined plane 1071 are matched, the second cone 1022 is matched with the second inclined plane 1142 and the fourth inclined plane 1072, the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 synchronously push the tool holder 103 and the supporting block 107 to move radially outwards, the tool holder 103 and the supporting block 107 synchronously press the inner surface of a workpiece, and the purpose of cutting is achieved.
When the tapered mandrel 1012 moves axially to the left, the tool holder 103 and the support block 107 lose the support of the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022, and the tool holder 103 and the support block 107 retract radially inward under the action of the first, second and third tension springs 108, 111 and 112 provided on the outer sides thereof.
Specifically, when the tool holder is expanded to the maximum stroke, the program of the numerical control system will give a signal to the driving device 300, the driving device 300 pulls the tapered mandrel 1012 to move to the right through the transmission device 200, and the tool holder 103 automatically and rapidly returns to the original position under the action of the first, second and third tension springs 108, 111 and 112, so as to complete one stroke. And then finishing the machining of the taper hole according to a preset program. It should be noted that, the taper deep hole, especially the taper deep hole with larger difference in diameter of the big end and the small end, is not completed at one time, and multiple feeding processing is needed to achieve the processing purpose, for example, the procedures of one rough boring, one half finish boring and the like are realized by numerical control programming. Under the condition of ensuring reliable chip breaking, a high-flow cutting fluid with certain pressure is adopted for cooling, lubricating and chip removing, so that the scratch of chips on the processed surface is avoided, and the surface processing precision is ensured.
The axial feed of the tool is also controlled by an ac servo motor. Thus, the radial feeding and the axial movement are controlled by the alternating current servo motor, a machining program can be written according to a machining drawing provided by a user, the machining program is input into the numerical control system to drive two shafts, the numerical control system controls the alternating current servo motor to send out a command, taper hole machining is carried out on an inner hole in sequence, and the whole machining process is automatically completed. Note that, during numerical control programming, attention is paid to adjustment of the reverse gap: the key and the planetary gear reducer are provided with reverse clearances, and electric clearance compensation is required to be carried out every cycle.
The numerical control system and the numerical control programming of the numerical control system are the prior art, and the application mainly relates to a numerical control taper hole deep hole processing device and a numerical control taper hole deep hole processing process. In addition, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a bakelite block 113 is provided at the outer side of the tool holder 103, and the bakelite block 113 is connected with the tool holder 103 by a screw; the outside of supporting shoe 107 is equipped with the guide shoe 109 of carbide material, the guide shoe 109 with the supporting shoe 107 passes through second fastener 110 to be connected, and the radial cutting component that the cutter produced in the cutting process is balanced by the bearing counter-force of guide shoe 109, has weakened the bending vibration in the cutting process, and guide shoe 109 can effectively play the guide effect, plays centering effect when drawing out the work piece.
As shown in fig. 2 and the partial enlarged view thereof, as a preferred embodiment, the middle parts of the first, second, third and fourth inclined surfaces 1141, 1142, 1071 and 1072 are recessed inward to form an inner concave portion 116, both ends of the inner concave portion 116 are in contact with the first cone 1021 or the second cone 1022, and grease is filled in the inner concave portion 116. The two ends of the concave portion 116 are in contact with the first cone 1022 and the second cone 1022, so that the contact area between the first cone 1021 or the second cone 1022 and the contact area between the third cone 1022 and the fourth cone 1022 are reduced, the surface contact is changed into the line contact, the processing difficulty is reduced, in addition, lubricating grease is filled in the concave portion 116, lubrication can be provided for the contact positions between the edges of the concave portion 116 and the first cone 1022, the resistance to relative movement is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
The structure and operation of the transmission 200 will be described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the transmission device 200 includes a boring bar 201, a transmission sleeve 208, and a pull rod 202 disposed in the center of the boring bar 201, one end of the boring bar 201 is connected with the boring head body 101, the other end of the boring bar 201 is connected with the supporting device 500, specifically, the boring bar 201 is inserted into an inner hole of the supporting device 500, and the supporting device 500 can support the boring bar 201 during the cutting process; the pull rod 202 is axially movably connected with the boring bar 201, one end of the pull rod 202 is connected with the taper mandrel 1012, and the other end of the pull rod 202 is provided with a thread section 2011; the transmission sleeve 208 is supported in a rotatable state, one end of the transmission sleeve 208 is connected with the output end 3011 of the driving device 300, and the other end of the transmission device 200 is in threaded transmission connection with the thread segment 2011.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the left end of the boring bar 201 is in threaded connection with the boring head body 101, the outer side of the right end of the boring bar 201 is connected with the supporting device 500, the inner side of the right end of the boring bar 201 is provided with the supporting sleeve 206, the supporting sleeve 206 is embedded in the inner hole of the right end of the boring bar 201, the boring bar 201 is provided with a plurality of fastening screws penetrating through the outer wall of the boring bar 201, and the front ends of the fastening screws are abutted against the outer surface of the supporting sleeve 206, so that the supporting sleeve 206 is fixedly arranged in the inner hole of the boring bar 201.
As shown in fig. 5, the transmission sleeve 208 is rotatably connected with the support sleeve 206, specifically, a left end section of the transmission sleeve 208 is inserted into an inner hole of the support sleeve 206, and a first bearing 207 and a second bearing 209 are respectively disposed at a left end and a right end of the section, and preferably, the first bearing 207 and the second bearing 209 are thrust ball bearings. A snap ring 210 is disposed at the left end of the driving sleeve 208, and the snap ring 210 realizes axial limitation of the driving sleeve 208 and the supporting sleeve 206. The inner bore of the driving sleeve 208 is provided with an inner thread which is in threaded connection with a thread section 2011 at the right end of the pull rod 202, i.e. when the driving sleeve 208 is rotated, the pull rod 202 will move axially under the action of the thread section 2011. The left end of the pull rod 202 is in threaded connection with the tapered mandrel 1012, and axial movement of the pull rod 202 drives the tapered mandrel 1012 to move axially, and the tapered mandrel 1012 further drives the tool holder 103 and the support block 107 to move radially outwards.
As shown in fig. 5, in order to move the pull rod 202 only in the axial direction, the pull rod 202 is limited from rotating, an axial limiting groove 2021 is provided on the pull rod 202, a limiting pin 205 is provided on the boring bar 201 at a position corresponding to the limiting groove 2021, the limiting pin 205 is connected to the boring bar 201, the front end of the limiting pin 205 is connected to the limiting groove 2021, and the limiting groove 2021 can only move in the axial direction under the action of the limiting pin 205.
As shown in fig. 5, the boring bar 201 is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of boring bars 201a and 201b, and the two sections of boring bars 201a and 201b which are connected with each other can be connected by adopting threads; the pull rod 202 may also be formed by multiple sections of connection, and two sections of connected pull rods 202a and 202b may be connected by taper pins. That is, the lengths of the boring bar 201 and the drawbar 202 may be designed as desired.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, a support ring 203 is embedded in an inner hole at one end of a female thread at the connection position of two sections of boring bars 201, and a fixing pin 204 for fixing the support ring 203 is provided on the boring bar 201. The pull rod 202 and the inner hole of the support ring 203 can be axially and slidably connected, and the support ring 203 can play a role in positioning and supporting the pull rod 202. The number of the support rings 203 may be plural.
As shown in fig. 1, an output end 3011 of the speed reducer 301 in the driving device 300 is in key transmission connection with the transmission sleeve 208.
Fig. 6 to 8 show a honing device 400 of an embodiment, and the structure and operation principle of the honing device 400 of this embodiment are specifically described below.
Fig. 6 shows a contracted state of the honing device 400, fig. 7 shows an expanded state of the honing device 400, and fig. 8 is a B-B sectional view of fig. 7.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the honing device 400 includes a honing body 401, a center rod 402, a connecting rod 403, an oilstone seat 404 and an oilstone body 405, specifically, a honing body core hole 4011 and four grooves 4012 connected with the honing body core hole 4011 are provided in the center of the honing body 401, however, two, three or five or six grooves 4012 may be designed by those skilled in the art. The groove bodies 4012 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the honing body 401, and an oilstone body 405 capable of radially extending/retracting is arranged in each groove body 4012; the central rod 402 is axially slidably connected to the honing core bore 4011; the whetstone base 404 is disposed in the groove body 4012, one end of the whetstone base 404 is pivotally connected to the honing body 401, and the other end of the whetstone base 404 is pivotally connected to the whetstone body 405; one end of the connecting rod 403 is pivotally connected to the central rod 402, and the other end of the connecting rod 403 is pivotally connected to the middle part of the whetstone base 404.
As shown in fig. 6, the honing body 401 is provided at the left end thereof with a honing body end cap 406, and the honing body end cap 406 is connected to the honing body 401 by an socket head cap screw.
As shown in fig. 7, when the center rod 402 moves to the left, the center rod 402 pushes the whetstone base 404 to rotate to the outside through the connecting rod 403, the whetstone base 404 drives the whetstone body 405 to move to the outside, and as the whetstone body 405 is pivotally connected with the whetstone base 404, the outside of the whetstone body 405 can be tightly attached to the surface of the taper inner hole of the workpiece, the honing device 400 of this embodiment can implement bidirectional honing from the large end to the small end and from the small end to the large end, so that the efficiency and the processing quality of the honing process can be improved by performing reciprocating honing. In addition, in the honing apparatus 400 of the present application, the expansion and contraction range of the oilstone body 405 is large, that is, the honing apparatus can be adapted to work honing processing of a wide diameter range.
The honing device 400 can be connected with the transmission device 200, the boring bar 201 of the transmission device 200 is connected with the honing body 401, and the pull rod 202 of the transmission device 200 is connected with the central rod 402 of the honing device 400, but at this time, the pull rod 202 is pushed by the central rod 402 to realize the outward expansion of the oilstone body 405, and whether the pull rod 202 is bent does not affect the honing precision of the honing device 400 as long as the oilstone body 405 of the honing device 400 can be attached to the inner surface of the workpiece taper hole.
When the diameter difference of the large head and the small head of the taper hole is smaller, for example, the diameter difference is not larger than 15mm, the numerical control taper deep hole processing device can be used for processing and forming at one time, and then the honing device 400 can be used for honing to improve the finish degree of the taper hole of the workpiece.
Specifically, the boring device 100 is in an oil feeder guide sleeve, which is a tapered inner hole consistent with the taper of a test piece, and plays a role in positioning the boring device 100, which is a starting position. For example, firstly, a basic hole before machining a taper hole is phi 126mm, rough boring is carried out for the first time, the large end of a taper hole guide sleeve is phi 127mm, the unilateral maximum machining allowance is about 7mm, and the feeding speed is required to be gradually reduced as the axial feeding cutting amount is gradually increased, so that the taper hole with uniform cutting force can be ensured not to bend; and secondly, performing secondary semi-finish boring on the taper hole, wherein the large end of the taper hole guide sleeve is made into phi 129.7, the starting position of the boring device 100 is arranged in the guide sleeve, performing numerical control automatic programming on a workpiece, and machining the taper hole in the whole length with single-side machining allowance of 2.7 mm.
Wherein, oil feed ware and uide bushing are prior art, and its effect is: (1) supplying a cooling liquid to the work piece to be processed and sealing the work piece. (2) supporting boring bars. (3) guiding the boring device. (4) supporting and propping up the workpiece. And (5) fixing the bed body. On the back of the oil feeder, there is an oil pipe from a cooling pump, and the cooling liquid is fed into the workpiece cutting area through the oil feeder. A conical disk is arranged at the head of the oil feeder and is used for supporting and propping up a workpiece, and the conical disk is combined with the workpiece at a conical surface of 30 degrees and is propped up against the workpiece by the force generated by a hydraulic cylinder arranged on a propping up carriage of the oil feeder. In the conical disk, a guide sleeve is provided for guiding the boring device, and the guide sleeve must be replaced for replacing the tool.
When the diameter difference of the large head of the taper hole is large, for example, when the diameter difference is larger than 15mm, the following taper deep hole processing technology can be adopted for processing. The machining test piece is phi 220x2600mm, and a workpiece with a taper hole with a big end phi 175-130 mm is exemplified.
The boring device 100 is designed in three specifications, but the transmission device 200 and the driving device 300 are common, that is, the boring device 100 can be processed only by replacing. One of the boring devices 100 is the boring device 100, and the other two boring devices 100 only need to replace the tool holder 103 and the guide block 109 based on the boring device 100, and the outside diameters of the two boring devices are respectively increased by 15mm in sequence.
The processing steps are as follows: as shown in FIG. 9A, in the first step, three sections of step holes which are uniformly distributed in the axial direction are drilled and bored, and the diameters of the step holes are phi 126mm, phi 143mm and phi 158mm respectively.
In the second step, as shown in fig. 9B, the numerical control taper deep hole processing device of the present application is used to boring and process a first section of taper hole, wherein the first section of taper hole is a section with the smallest inner diameter.
And thirdly, boring the second section Duan Zhuikong, wherein when the allowance of boring the second section taper hole is less than or equal to 2.7mm, the second section taper hole needs to be processed by positioning and guiding the first section taper hole, and thus the joint diameter difference between the two sections is within 0.01 mm.
And fourthly, processing the third section of taper hole by the same method as the third step. Thus, the test piece processing meets the process requirement, and the surface roughness reaches within Ra3.2μm.
The processing technology can boring any taper hole with the diameter difference of the large head and the small head within 150 mm.
Fifth, the honing device 400 is adopted to honing the taper hole, the honing device 400 is not required to be replaced in the taper deep hole honing process, the taper hole with any angle can be honed in two directions, and the surface roughness can be controlled within Ra0.4μm.
In summary, according to the technical scheme of the application, on one hand, the force transmission mode of the tapered mandrel 1012 and the pull rod 202 is changed, and the driving device 300 transmits the radial feeding force to the clamping blade 104 by pulling the tapered mandrel 1012 by the pull rod 202, so that the stress state of the tapered mandrel 1012 and the pull rod 202 is improved, the pull rod 202 cannot be bent in the state of bearing the tensile force, the boring bar 201 is not required to provide support on the whole length of the pull rod 202, the weight of the boring bar 201 is reduced, and the boring bar is convenient to use; on the other hand, the first cone 1021 and the second cone 1022 on the taper mandrel 1012 synchronously push the tool apron 103 and the supporting block 107 to move radially outwards, so that the bearing reaction force of the workpiece to the supporting block 107 and the radial cutting component force of the workpiece to the tool are on the same straight line, the force transmission path is optimized, the stress condition of the taper mandrel 1012 is further improved, and the machining precision and reliability of the numerical control taper deep hole machining device are improved.
In the present application, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. The terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; "coupled" may be directly coupled or indirectly coupled through intermediaries. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present disclosure, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "particular embodiments," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a numerical control tapering deep hole processingequipment which characterized in that includes:
A support device connected with the bed of the machine tool;
a driving device connected with the supporting device;
The boring device comprises a boring head body, a taper mandrel and a tool holder, wherein a boring body core hole and a boring tool groove connected with the boring body core hole are formed in the center of the boring head body, the taper mandrel is arranged in the boring body core hole, the tool holder is arranged in the boring tool groove, the taper mandrel is provided with a first cone and a second cone with the same taper, a machine clamping blade is arranged on the outer side of the tool holder, a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane are arranged on the inner side of the tool holder, the first inclined plane is matched with the first cone, and the second inclined plane is matched with the second cone;
The transmission device comprises a boring bar, a transmission sleeve and a pull rod arranged in the center of the boring bar, one end of the boring bar is connected with the boring head body, and the other end of the boring bar is connected with the supporting device; the pull rod is axially movably connected with the boring bar, one end of the pull rod is connected with the taper mandrel, and the other end of the pull rod is provided with a thread section; the transmission sleeve is supported in a rotatable state, one end of the transmission sleeve is connected with the output end of the driving device, and the other end of the transmission sleeve is in threaded transmission connection with the threaded section; and
The boring head comprises a boring head body, a boring head core hole, a plurality of support grooves, a support block, a guide block and a guide block, wherein the boring head body is radially provided with the plurality of support grooves, the support grooves are connected with the boring head core hole, the support blocks capable of sliding radially are arranged in each support groove, a third inclined plane and a fourth inclined plane are arranged on the inner side of each support block, the third inclined plane is matched with the first cone, the fourth inclined plane is matched with the second cone, and the guide block is arranged on the outer side of each support block; when the transmission sleeve rotates towards a set direction, the pull rod drives the taper mandrel to axially move by pulling force so as to drive the tool apron and the supporting block to synchronously move radially outwards;
The middle parts of the first inclined plane, the second inclined plane, the third inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane are inwards recessed to form an inner concave part, two ends of the inner concave part are contacted with the first cone or the second cone, and lubricating grease is filled in the inner concave part;
The support grooves comprise a first support groove, a second support groove and a third support groove, the boring cutter groove, the first support groove, the second support groove and the third support groove are sequentially arranged around the circumferential direction of the boring head body, and the first support groove and the boring cutter groove are spaced by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boring head body; the second supporting groove and the first supporting groove are spaced by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boring head body; the third supporting groove and the boring cutter groove are spaced at 76 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boring head body.
2. The numerical control taper deep hole machining device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of annular grooves are formed in the outer sides of the supporting block and the tool apron, and annular tension springs are arranged in the annular grooves.
3. The numerical control taper deep hole machining device according to claim 1, wherein a supporting sleeve is fixedly arranged at the connecting end of the boring bar and the transmission sleeve, and the transmission sleeve is rotatably connected with the supporting sleeve.
4. The numerical control taper deep hole machining device according to claim 1, wherein an axial limiting groove is formed in the pull rod, a limiting pin is arranged on the boring rod at a position corresponding to the limiting groove, and the limiting pin is connected with the boring rod.
5. The numerically controlled taper deep hole machining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the boring bar is composed of a multi-segment connection, and the tie bar is composed of a multi-segment connection.
6. The numerical control taper deep hole machining device according to claim 1, wherein at least one support ring is arranged in an annular space between the boring bar and the pull rod, the support ring is fixedly connected with the boring bar, and the pull rod is axially slidably connected with the support ring.
7. A taper deep hole processing technology by adopting the numerical control taper deep hole processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the taper deep hole processing technology mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling and boring a stepped hole;
s2, boring the stepped holes sequentially according to the sequence of the diameters of the inner holes from small to large, and positioning and supporting the stepped holes by the machined taper holes of the previous section when the next step of stepped holes are machined;
S3, honing the workpiece taper hole by using a honing device.
8. The taper deep hole machining process according to claim 7, characterized in that the honing device includes:
the honing device comprises a honing body, wherein a honing body core hole and a plurality of groove bodies connected with the honing body core hole are arranged in the center of the honing body, the groove bodies are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the honing body, and an oilstone body capable of extending/retracting radially is arranged in each groove body;
the center rod is axially and slidably connected with the honing body core hole;
The oilstone seat is arranged in the groove body, one end of the oilstone seat is in pivot connection with the honing body, and the other end of the oilstone seat is in pivot connection with the oilstone body;
and one end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected with the central rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected with the middle part of the whetstone seat.
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