CN108448596B - Primary frequency modulation control system and method for thermal power generating unit - Google Patents
Primary frequency modulation control system and method for thermal power generating unit Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
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- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The system comprises a steam turbine high-pressure steam valve, a steam turbine connected with the steam turbine high-pressure steam valve, a synchronous generator connected with the steam turbine through a rotating shaft, a generator end current voltmeter connected with the synchronous generator, a power grid connected with one outlet of the synchronous generator through a high-voltage transformer, and an own electrical device in a factory connected with the other outlet through a power transformer; the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer is provided with a high-voltage side current voltmeter which is connected with a high-precision frequency meter after leading out three-phase current voltage signals, and the high-precision frequency meter is connected with a primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module; the three-phase current-voltage signal output by the generator end current voltmeter is connected with a high-precision power meter; the invention also discloses a control method of the system, wherein the high-precision power meter and the primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module are sequentially connected with the deviation calculation module, the primary frequency modulation controller and the high-pressure steam valve of the steam turbine; the asynchronous deviation of the dynamic process is avoided, and the primary frequency modulation performance index of the unit is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic control of thermal power plants, in particular to a primary frequency modulation control system and method of a thermal power unit.
Background
The core function of the power grid is to ensure the real-time dynamic balance of the power load and the generated power, and various power generation sources in the power grid are required to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid before the large-scale low-cost energy storage technology is developed. Primary frequency modulation refers to that a generator set automatically and autonomously adjusts power according to the change of the frequency of a power grid so as to maintain the stability of the frequency of the power grid.
At present, a mode of a traditional hydraulic regulating unit is commonly used in a primary frequency regulating control loop commonly adopted by a thermal power generating unit in China, and the rotating speed of a turbine is used as a direct signal source.
However, with the deep transformation of industrial structures and adjustment of energy structures in China, the thermal power unit needs to be changed from a basic load to an adjustable power supply and the operation flexibility is improved, so that higher requirements are provided for the frequency modulation capability of the thermal power unit. With the improvement of the primary frequency modulation capability assessment standard of the unit by the power grid in each region, the phenomenon that the primary frequency modulation assessment index of a large number of units is difficult to reach the standard is found out through long-term tracking and research, and the primary frequency modulation control by adopting the rotating speed to replace the power grid frequency is the root cause of the phenomenon.
According to the relevant regulations of the power grid, the primary frequency modulation of the units needs to adopt a frequency signal as a direct signal source, and particularly when the power grid is used for checking the primary frequency modulation performance of each unit, the selected reference is the power grid frequency instead of the rotating speed of the turbine of the unit. Although the rotating speed of the steam turbine has better correlation with the frequency of the power grid, on one hand, dynamic deviation of one layer between the rotating speed of the unit and the frequency of the power grid can be formed due to the change of the attack angle of the generator, the influence of the inductance of the transformer and the like in the dynamic process, and at the moment, the moment is the moment when the primary frequency modulation loop needs to act and check, so that certain adverse effect is brought to the primary frequency modulation response performance of the unit; on the other hand, the range of the rotating speed of the unit is larger (generally 0-5000 rpm), the precision is not high (generally +/-1 rpm), and the frequency modulation dead zone required by the power grid is +/-2 rpm, namely the rotating speed exceeds +/-2 rpm around the rated 3000rpm, so that the primary frequency modulation loop needs to be immediately operated when the rotating speed exceeds 3002rpm or is lower than 2998rpm and a certain index is required to be met, and the signal precision requirement on the primary frequency modulation is extremely high in practice, otherwise, misoperation and refusal are easily caused by insufficient signal precision. In recent years, a part of units are changed into a high-precision frequency meter at the machine end to generate a primary frequency modulation instruction, but a low-voltage side electric signal at the machine end and a high-voltage side frequency still have deviation in a dynamic process, in addition, indexes of primary frequency modulation action in amplitude and speed need matching of unit power, whether accurate power signals are needed to act in place or not as feedback, the common power meter of a unit control system also often cannot meet the requirement of high-precision index metering, and a certain static deviation exists between the power meter and a power signal obtained from a power grid side, so that adverse effects are brought to the realization of primary frequency modulation performance indexes of the units.
By combining the analysis of the prior art, the primary frequency modulation control of the existing high-power thermal power generating unit has obvious defects, and the primary frequency modulation performance index of the unit is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the primary frequency modulation control system and method for the thermal power generating unit, which are closer to the power grid frequency used for power grid assessment, avoid asynchronous deviation of a dynamic process and further improve the primary frequency modulation performance index of the unit.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A primary frequency modulation control system of a thermal power generating unit comprises a steam turbine high-pressure steam valve 1, a steam turbine 2 connected with the steam turbine high-pressure steam valve 1, a synchronous generator 4 connected with the steam turbine 2 through a rotating shaft 3, a generator end current voltmeter 8 connected with the synchronous generator 4, wherein one path of outlet of the synchronous generator 4 is connected with a power grid through a high-voltage transformer 5, and the other path of outlet is connected with self-contained electrical equipment in a plant through a station transformer 6; the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer 5 is provided with a high-voltage side current voltmeter 7, the high-voltage side current voltmeter is connected with a high-precision frequency meter 9 after a three-phase current voltage signal is led out, and the high-precision frequency meter 9 is connected with a primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module 11; the generator end current voltmeter 8 outputs a three-phase current voltage signal which is connected with the high-precision power meter 10; the high-precision power meter 10 and the primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module 11 are connected with the deviation calculation module 12, the deviation calculation module 12 is connected with the primary frequency modulation controller 13, the primary frequency modulation controller 13 is connected with the high-pressure steam valve 1 of the steam turbine, and a primary frequency modulation load instruction generated by the primary frequency modulation controller 13 is sent to the high-pressure steam valve 1 of the steam turbine to adjust the flow of the high-temperature high-pressure steam entering the steam turbine 2.
According to the primary frequency modulation control system of the thermal power generating unit, the high-precision meter (the high-precision frequency meter 9 and the high-precision power meter 10 are used for taking electric signals from the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the unit for primary frequency modulation control), and on the other hand, the response of frequency change is quicker and more accurate, on the one hand, the most direct feedback of the generated power can be obtained, and whether the primary frequency modulation response action meets the control requirement or not is corrected.
According to the primary frequency modulation control system of the thermal power generating unit, primary frequency modulation control instructions are directly generated by utilizing the frequency signals of the electrical high-voltage side of the unit and directly act on the high-pressure steam valve 1 of the steam turbine through the primary frequency modulation controller 13, and unnecessary measurement and control delay are avoided without other data acquisition, conversion and control systems or equipment, so that the primary frequency modulation control performance is greatly influenced.
According to the control method of the primary frequency modulation control system of the thermal power generating unit, high-temperature and high-pressure steam from a boiler flows into a steam turbine 2 to do work after being throttled and controlled by a steam turbine high-pressure steam regulating valve 1, a rotating shaft 3 is pushed to rotate, a synchronous generator 4 is driven to generate power, one path of the steam is boosted by a high-voltage transformer 5 and then is sent to a power grid, and the other path of the steam is boosted by a station transformer 6 and then is used for supplying power to self-contained electrical equipment in the station; a three-phase current voltage signal is led out by a high-voltage side current voltmeter 7 arranged on the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer 5 and is sent into a high-precision frequency meter 9; a three-phase current voltage signal is output by a generator end current voltmeter 8 connected with the synchronous generator 4 and is sent into a high-precision power meter 10 to form a high-precision power signal; the high-precision frequency meter 9 measures high-precision frequency signals near rated frequency according to three-phase current and voltage, generates a primary frequency modulation load instruction according to primary frequency modulation response specifications (requirements of frequency modulation dead zone, speed regulation unequal rate and the like) required by a power grid through a primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module 11, calculates control deviation between actual power generated by a unit and the sum of given power and required adjustment power of primary frequency modulation response through a deviation calculation module 12 together with high-precision power signals from the high-precision power meter 10, sends the control deviation into a primary frequency modulation controller 13, and forms a final primary frequency modulation action signal according to the control deviation by utilizing a conventional and mature control algorithm or module and continuously adjusts a control target until the control deviation is 0; and the final primary frequency modulation action signal is sent to the high-pressure steam valve 1 of the steam turbine in real time, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam flow entering the steam turbine 2 is regulated, so that the primary frequency modulation action required by a power grid is responded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the primary frequency modulation adopts a high-precision frequency signal obtained by measuring a high-voltage side current voltage signal as a reference, and compared with the frequency signal of the rotating speed of a unit or the low-voltage side of a machine end, the primary frequency modulation is closer to the power grid frequency used for power grid assessment, and the asynchronous deviation of a dynamic process is avoided.
2. Because the high-precision frequency meter 9 is mainly used for unit response primary frequency modulation control, the measurement of the high-precision frequency meter is not required to cover the frequency range of the non-conventional processes such as starting and stopping, and the like, the measuring range of a transmitter is narrow, generally 50Hz +/-0.2 Hz or even narrower to be within 50Hz +/-0.1 Hz, and under the same condition, the measuring precision of the high-precision frequency meter is higher than that of a tachometer by more than 500 times, so that the high-precision control target standard of the primary frequency modulation is ensured, and misoperation and refusal operation are avoided.
3. The high-precision power meter 10 and a synchronous vector measurement device (PMU) required by a power grid are adopted for measuring the on-site power, the same measuring method and precision are adopted, a high-precision power signal is obtained through the three-phase current voltage of a machine end, the high-precision power signal is directly fed into a primary frequency modulation control loop without an intermediate element, the high-precision unit power feedback can be obtained at the highest speed, the amplitude of primary frequency modulation action is directly corrected, the problem of power regulation nonlinearity caused by the regulation nonlinearity of a high-pressure steam valve 1 of a steam turbine, the main steam pressure change and the back pressure change of the steam turbine 2 is solved, and therefore the primary frequency modulation index meeting the power grid assessment requirement is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a primary frequency modulation control system of a thermal power generating unit.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The composition of the primary frequency modulation control system of the thermal power generating unit is shown in figure 1. High-temperature high-pressure steam from a boiler flows into a steam turbine 2 to do work after being throttled and controlled by a steam turbine high-pressure steam regulating valve 1, a rotating shaft 3 is pushed to rotate, a synchronous generator 4 is driven to generate power, one path of the high-temperature high-pressure steam is boosted by a high-pressure transformer 5 and then is sent to a power grid, and the other path of the high-pressure steam is boosted by a station transformer 6 and then is used for supplying power to self-contained electrical equipment in a plant; a three-phase current voltage signal is led out by a high-voltage side current voltmeter 7 arranged on the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer 5 and is sent into a high-precision frequency meter 9; a generator end current voltmeter 8 connected with the synchronous generator 4 outputs a three-phase current voltage signal, and the three-phase current voltage signal is sent into a high-precision power meter 10 to form a high-precision power signal; the high-precision frequency meter 9 measures high-precision frequency signals near rated frequency according to three-phase current and voltage, generates a primary frequency modulation load instruction according to primary frequency modulation response specifications (requirements of frequency modulation dead zone, speed regulation unequal rate and the like) required by a power grid through a primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module 11, calculates control deviation between actual power generated by a unit and the sum of given power and required adjustment power of primary frequency modulation response through a deviation calculation module 12 together with high-precision power signals from the high-precision power meter 10, sends the control deviation into a primary frequency modulation controller 13, and forms a final primary frequency modulation action signal according to the control deviation by utilizing a conventional and mature control algorithm or module and continuously adjusts a control target until the control deviation is 0; and the final primary frequency modulation action signal is sent to the high-pressure steam valve 1 of the steam turbine in real time, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam flow entering the steam turbine 2 is regulated, so that the primary frequency modulation action required by a power grid is responded.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1, when the load of the power grid suddenly increases, the frequency of the power grid suddenly decreases, when the frequency of the power grid is lower than 49.96Hz and is equal to 2998rpm, the three-phase current-voltage signal output by the high-voltage side current-voltage meter 7 arranged on the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer 5 changes, the high-precision frequency meter 9 outputs a high-precision frequency signal to quickly respond, the primary frequency modulation controller 13 judges a frequency modulation dead zone exceeding the power grid requirement, calculates a primary frequency modulation action signal instruction of the requirement according to the requirement of the required speed regulation inequality, directly sends the primary frequency modulation action signal instruction to the high-voltage steam regulating valve 1, increases the flow of high-temperature high-voltage steam entering the steam turbine 2, improves the output power of the steam turbine 2, drives the rotor of the rotary shaft 3 and the synchronous generator 4, improves the output electric power through the change of an attack angle and a magnetic field, outputs the three-phase current-voltage signal through the generator end current-voltage meter 8 connected with the synchronous generator 4, sends the high-precision power signal into the high-precision power meter 10, measures the high-precision power signal, and compares the high-precision power signal with the required primary frequency modulation action signal, and the primary frequency modulation action signal instruction, compensates the part with the required primary frequency modulation action signal, which is required by the primary frequency modulation action signal, and compensates the part with the required primary frequency modulation action signal, so as to ensure that the humidity is satisfied and the requirement of the excess of the power is met.
The practical effects of a plurality of units show that most of units which cannot meet the power grid checking requirements for a long time can reach the standard requirements of checking qualification through the transformation of the primary frequency modulation control system adopting the principle, and other individual units can also realize the checking qualification after optimizing and adjusting other parts which do not meet the design requirements of the units after the technology is applied.
Claims (2)
1. A primary frequency modulation control system of a thermal power generating unit is characterized in that: the device comprises a steam turbine high-pressure steam valve (1), a steam turbine (2) connected with the steam turbine high-pressure steam valve (1), a synchronous generator (4) connected with the steam turbine (2) through a rotating shaft (3), a generator end current voltmeter (8) connected with the synchronous generator (4), one path of outlet of the synchronous generator (4) is connected with a power grid through a high-voltage transformer (5), and the other path of outlet is connected with self-contained electrical equipment in a factory through a station transformer (6); the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer (5) is provided with a high-voltage side current-voltage meter (7), a three-phase current-voltage signal is led out and then connected with a high-precision frequency meter (9), and the high-precision frequency meter (9) is connected with a primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module (11); the generator end current voltmeter (8) outputs a three-phase current voltage signal which is connected with the high-precision power meter (10); the high-precision power meter (10) and the primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module (11) are connected with the deviation calculation module (12), the deviation calculation module (12) is connected with the primary frequency modulation controller (13), the primary frequency modulation controller (13) is connected with the high-pressure steam valve (1) of the steam turbine, and a primary frequency modulation load instruction generated by the primary frequency modulation controller (13) is sent to the high-pressure steam valve (1) of the steam turbine to adjust the flow of the high-temperature high-pressure steam entering the steam turbine (2);
Meanwhile, a high-precision frequency meter (9) and a high-precision power meter (10) are used for acquiring electric signals from the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the unit for primary frequency modulation control, so that on one hand, the response of frequency change is quicker and more accurate, and on the other hand, the most direct feedback of generated power can be obtained to correct whether the primary frequency modulation response action meets the control requirement;
High-temperature high-pressure steam from a boiler flows into a steam turbine (2) to apply work after being throttled and controlled by a steam turbine high-pressure steam regulating valve (1), a rotating shaft (3) is pushed to rotate, a synchronous generator (4) is driven to generate power, one path of the high-temperature high-pressure steam is boosted by a high-voltage transformer (5) and then is sent to a power grid, and the other path of the high-temperature high-pressure steam is boosted by a station transformer (6) and then is used for supplying power to self-contained electrical equipment in a plant; a high-voltage side ammeter (7) arranged at the high-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer (5) is used for leading out a three-phase current voltage signal, and the three-phase current voltage signal is sent into a high-precision frequency meter (9); a generator end current voltmeter (8) connected with the synchronous generator (4) outputs a three-phase current voltage signal, and the three-phase current voltage signal is sent into a high-precision power meter (10) to form a high-precision power signal; the high-precision frequency meter (9) measures high-precision frequency signals near rated frequency according to three-phase current and voltage, generates a primary frequency modulation load instruction according to primary frequency modulation response specifications required by a power grid, namely frequency modulation dead zone and speed regulation unequal rate requirements through the primary frequency modulation instruction conversion module (11), calculates control deviation between actual power generated by a unit and sum of given power and required adjustment power of primary frequency modulation response through the deviation calculation module (12) together with high-precision power signals from the high-precision power meter (10), and sends the control deviation into the primary frequency modulation controller (13) together, forms a final primary frequency modulation action signal according to the control deviation, and continuously adjusts a control target until the control deviation is 0; and sending the final primary frequency modulation action signal to a high-pressure steam valve (1) of the steam turbine in real time, and adjusting the flow of the high-temperature high-pressure steam entering the steam turbine (2), so as to respond to the primary frequency modulation action required by a power grid.
2. The primary frequency modulation control system of a thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, wherein: the primary frequency modulation load instruction is generated by directly utilizing the frequency signal of the electric high-pressure side of the unit and directly acts on the high-pressure steam valve (1) of the steam turbine through the primary frequency modulation controller (13), so that unnecessary measurement and control delay are avoided.
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| CN111082432B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2023-10-24 | 上海明华电力科技有限公司 | Method for predicting and controlling large-frequency-difference accident condition of power grid of thermal power generating unit |
| CN110646666A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-03 | 浙江浙能嘉华发电有限公司 | High-precision network frequency homologous direct mining device and method thereof |
| CN111255530B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2024-02-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Thermal power unit load adjusting system and method with low-pressure cylinder butterfly valve assistance |
| CN114243735B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-25 | 浙江浙能嘉华发电有限公司 | Method for selecting input of frequency and rotating speed based on primary frequency modulation performance index |
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