CN108448144B - Microbial fuel cell - Google Patents
Microbial fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN108448144B CN108448144B CN201810203958.9A CN201810203958A CN108448144B CN 108448144 B CN108448144 B CN 108448144B CN 201810203958 A CN201810203958 A CN 201810203958A CN 108448144 B CN108448144 B CN 108448144B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a microbial fuel cell, which comprises a first anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a second anode chamber which are sequentially arranged and are respectively separated by a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, wherein the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber are also communicated with each other, and a first anode, a cathode and a second anode are respectively connected; microorganism or activated sludge with electrogenesis activity is inoculated on the first anode, a non-biological catalyst is arranged on the cathode, microorganism or activated sludge with nitrification activity is inoculated in catholyte in the cathode chamber, and microorganism or activated sludge with electrogenesis and denitrification activity is inoculated on the second anode. The invention respectively ensures the optimal environment of the power generation efficiency, the nitrification efficiency and the denitrification efficiency, and also ensures the effective removal of nitrogen in the wastewater on the basis of the effective removal of organic matters in the wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemistry, in particular to a microbial fuel cell.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of economy in China, increasingly frequent industrial production activities and human activities cause serious water body pollution, and a large amount of energy is consumed; at present, water pollution and energy shortage become key problems restricting sustainable development of China.
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are a new clean energy technology that degrades organic pollutants in water and converts their chemical energy into electrical energy in situ using electricity-producing microbes. The microbial fuel cell is utilized to treat wastewater, so that not only is the effective removal of organic matters realized, but also chemical energy can be directly converted into electric energy, the defects of high energy consumption and large sludge yield of the traditional sewage treatment are overcome, the potential chemical energy of a large amount of organic matters in the sewage can be effectively recovered, and the microbial fuel cell can be gradually applied to the field of wastewater treatment.
In practical application, although the traditional microbial fuel cell realizes effective removal of organic matters in wastewater, the traditional microbial fuel cell still has a poor effect of removing nitrogen in the wastewater, especially the removal of nitrate, and the removal rate is far from meeting the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a microbial fuel cell, which aims to solve the problem that the microbial fuel cell in the prior art cannot effectively remove nitrogen in wastewater.
The embodiment of the invention provides a microbial fuel cell, which comprises a first anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a second anode chamber which are sequentially arranged, wherein the first anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated by a cation exchange membrane, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber are separated by an anion exchange membrane, and the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber are also communicated with each other; the first anode positioned in the first anode chamber, the cathode positioned in the cathode chamber and the second anode positioned in the second anode chamber are respectively connected;
the first anode is inoculated with microorganisms or activated sludge with electrogenesis activity, the cathode is provided with a non-biological catalyst, the catholyte in the cathode chamber is inoculated with microorganisms or activated sludge with nitrification activity, and the second anode is inoculated with microorganisms or activated sludge with electrogenesis and denitrification activity.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first anode chamber includes a first water inlet and a first water outlet, and the second anode chamber includes a second water inlet and a second water outlet, wherein the first water outlet and the second water inlet are connected by a conduit, and the first water inlet is connected to an external wastewater supply device.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte in the first anode chamber and the anolyte in the second anode chamber are both 0.05 to 0.1 mg/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an aeration pipe is provided in the cathode chamber, and the other end of the aeration pipe is connected to an external air pump.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas flow meter is further provided between the aeration pipe and the air pump, and the aeration amount is controlled to be 10 to 50ml/min by the gas flow meter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-biological catalyst provided on the cathode is a Pt or nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the catholyte is an inorganic salt solution or a nitrogen-containing inorganic salt solution.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the culture temperature of the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber, and the second anode chamber is 30 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber, and the second anode chamber have the same volume.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first anode, the cathode, and the second anode are made of carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt, or graphite plate material.
The microbial fuel cell provided by the invention adopts the structure of two anode chambers and one cathode chamber, so that nitrogen is quickly separated from wastewater in the first anode chamber to reduce the toxic action on microorganisms with electrogenesis activity in the first anode chamber, and simultaneously, the nitrification reaction and the denitrification reaction of denitrification are separated, so that the nitrification reaction is generated in the cathode chamber, and the denitrification reaction is generated in the second anode chamber, thereby respectively ensuring the optimal environments of electrogenesis efficiency, nitrification efficiency and denitrification efficiency, and further ensuring the effective removal of nitrogen in wastewater on the basis of the effective removal of organic matters in wastewater.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic voltage output diagram of a microbial fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the change of COD in the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of ammonia nitrogen concentration in a first anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a second anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the change of nitrate nitrogen concentration in the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the invention.
The device comprises a first anode chamber, a second anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a first anode chamber, a second anode chamber, a cation exchange membrane, a first anode chamber, a second anode chamber, a cation exchange membrane, a second anode chamber, a cation exchange membrane, a first cathode chamber, a second anode chamber, a first water inlet, a first water outlet, a second water inlet, a second water outlet, a pipe, a conduit, a first.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a microbial fuel cell, which comprises a first anode chamber 1, a cathode chamber 2 and a second anode chamber 3 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the first anode chamber 1 and the cathode chamber 2 are separated by a cation exchange membrane 4, the cathode chamber 2 and the second anode chamber 3 are separated by an anion exchange membrane 5, and the first anode chamber 1 and the second anode chamber 3 are also communicated with each other; a first anode 6 positioned in the first anode chamber 1, a cathode 7 positioned in the cathode chamber 2 and a second anode 8 positioned in the second anode chamber 3 are respectively connected; microorganism or activated sludge with electrogenesis activity is inoculated on the first anode 6, a non-biological catalyst is arranged on the cathode 7, microorganism or activated sludge with nitrification activity is inoculated in catholyte in the cathode chamber 2, and microorganism or activated sludge with both electrogenesis and denitrification activity is inoculated on the second anode 8.
In this embodiment, the wastewater treated by the microbial fuel cell refers to wastewater containing organic matters and nitrogen, wherein the nitrogen generally refers to ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater, and the ammonia nitrogen refers to free ammonia (NH) in the water3 -) And ammonium ion (NH)4 +) Nitrogen in the form present. The traditional microbial fuel cell mainly realizes the removal of organic matters in wastewater, but the removal effect of nitrogen in the wastewater is not ideal, particularly the removal of nitrate, and the removal rate of the traditional microbial fuel cell is far from meeting the requirement.
The microbial fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a structure of two anode chambers and a cathode chamber, after wastewater enters the first anode chamber, organic matters in the wastewater are degraded in the first anode chamber and release electrons, the electrons reach the cathode through an external circuit, nitrogen in the wastewater rapidly enters the cathode chamber through a cation exchange membrane and forms nitrate under the nitrification of microorganisms in the cathode chamber, and oxygen reduction reaction is carried out in the cathode chamber under the action of a catalyst to consume the electrons from the anode; nitrate radicals further enter the second anode chamber through an anion exchange membrane, and are finally reduced into nitrogen in the second anode chamber, meanwhile, wastewater further enters the second anode chamber, organic matters are further degraded in the second anode chamber and release electrons, and the electrons also reach a cathode through an external circuit.
The microbial fuel cell realizes that nitrogen is rapidly separated from wastewater in the first anode chamber to reduce the toxic action on microorganisms with electrogenesis activity in the first anode chamber, and simultaneously separates the nitrification reaction and the denitrification reaction of denitrification so that the nitrification reaction occurs in the cathode chamber and the denitrification reaction occurs in the second anode chamber, thereby respectively ensuring the optimal environments of electrogenesis efficiency, nitrification efficiency and denitrification efficiency, and further ensuring the effective removal of the nitrogen in the wastewater on the basis of effectively removing organic matters in the wastewater.
Meanwhile, organic matters in the wastewater are fully degraded and converted into electric energy to be used by external electric equipment through an external circuit.
In this embodiment, the microorganisms or activated sludge having electrogenesis activity inoculated on the first anode, the microorganisms or activated sludge having nitrification activity inoculated in the catholyte, and the microorganisms or activated sludge having electrogenesis and denitrification activity inoculated on the second anode are microorganisms or activated sludge commonly used in the prior art, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the invention.
Furthermore, nitrogen in the wastewater in the first anode chamber is rapidly transferred to the cathode through the cation exchange membrane, so that the inhibition of the nitrogen on the activity of microorganisms with electrogenesis activity is reduced, and the electrogenesis performance of the first anode in the first anode chamber can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the cathode adopts a non-biological catalyst to perform catalytic oxygen reduction reaction for high-efficiency electricity generation, and simultaneously adopts microorganisms or activated sludge with nitrification activity inoculated in the catholyte to perform nitrification reaction, so that protons consumed by oxygen reduction reaction of the cathode in proton neutralization can be released, the increase of the pH value of the catholyte is effectively relieved, the catalytic activity of the microorganisms is not influenced, and the effective removal of nitrogen is ensured; and the microorganisms with nitrification activity can form a biological film on the surface of the non-biological catalyst, so that the non-biological catalyst is effectively prevented from falling off and losing, the effective service life of the cathode is prolonged, and the cost of the microbial fuel cell is reduced. In the traditional microbial fuel cell, when the cathode uses the non-biological catalyst, the service life of the cathode is greatly shortened due to the falling and loss of the non-biological catalyst in the operation process, so that the cost of the microbial fuel cell is increased; meanwhile, the separation membrane between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber reduces the transmission of protons, so that the acid-base imbalance in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber in the long-term operation process is caused, the catalytic activity of microorganisms is influenced, and although the change of pH can be effectively relieved through a buffer solution system, the problem of the acid-base imbalance still cannot be solved essentially.
Furthermore, the second anode chamber mainly carries out denitrification reaction, nitrate radicals can be quickly reduced, the generated hydroxyl radicals neutralize the early-stage acidified anolyte, the increase of the pH value of the catholyte is effectively relieved, the catalytic activity of microorganisms is not influenced, and the effective removal of nitrogen is ensured; and can further degrade organic matters in the anolyte and release electrons to the cathode, thereby further improving the electricity generation performance.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the first anode chamber 1 includes a first water inlet 9 and a first water outlet 10, and the second anode chamber 3 includes a second water inlet 11 and a second water outlet 12, wherein the first water outlet 10 and the second water inlet 11 are connected by a conduit 13, and the first water inlet 9 is connected with an external wastewater supply device.
In the embodiment, wastewater is introduced by the wastewater supply device and enters the first anode chamber through the first water inlet, degradation of organic matters is carried out in the first anode chamber, electrons are released, and nitrogen in the wastewater rapidly enters the cathode chamber through the cation exchange membrane; the wastewater treated in the first anode chamber also sequentially enters the second anode chamber through the first water outlet, the conduit and the second water inlet, so that residual organic matters in the wastewater are further degraded and electrons are generated, and nitrate radicals formed by nitrogen in the cathode chamber also enter the second anode chamber through the anion exchange membrane for denitrification reaction, so that the organic matters in the wastewater can be effectively removed, the environment of the nitrification reaction and the denitrification reaction is separated, and the nitrogen in the wastewater is effectively removed. And finally, discharging the treated wastewater reaching the standard through a second water outlet.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte in the first anode chamber 1 and the anolyte in the second anode chamber 3 are both 0.05 to 0.1 mg/L.
In the embodiment, the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber are in an anaerobic closed environment, so that when the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte in the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber is 0.05-0.1 mg/L, organic matters can be well decomposed and electrons can be released under the action of microorganisms, and the electricity generation performance of the anode is improved.
In addition to the above embodiment, an aeration pipe 14 is provided in the cathode chamber 2, and the other end of the aeration pipe 14 is connected to an external air pump.
In the embodiment, the cathode chamber is in an aerobic aeration environment, so that the aeration pipe is arranged in the cathode chamber, one end of the aeration pipe extends into the catholyte, and the other end of the aeration pipe is connected with an external air pump, so that the dissolved oxygen in the catholyte in the cathode chamber can be ensured to be sufficient.
On the basis of the above embodiment, a gas flow meter 15 is further arranged between the aeration pipe 14 and the air pump, and the aeration amount is controlled to be 10-50 ml/min by the gas flow meter 15.
In the embodiment, in order to better control the aeration amount, the gas flow meter is arranged between the aeration pipe and the air pump, and when the aeration amount is controlled to be 10-50 ml/min through the gas flow meter, the content of dissolved oxygen in the catholyte can be optimized, so that the nitrification of microorganisms with nitrification activity in the catholyte on nitrogen is facilitated.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the non-biological catalyst disposed on the cathode 7 is Pt or nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst.
In this embodiment, the non-biological catalyst disposed on the cathode is a Pt or nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst, which has a good catalytic performance and can effectively realize a catalytic effect of the cathode during an oxidation-reduction reaction.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the catholyte is an inorganic salt solution or a nitrogen-containing inorganic salt solution.
In this embodiment, the catholyte is preferably an inorganic salt solution or a nitrogen-containing inorganic salt solution, and can preferably provide an inoculation environment and a growth environment for microorganisms or activated sludge having nitrification activity.
On the basis of the above-described examples, the incubation temperature of the first anode chamber 1, cathode chamber 2 and second anode chamber 3 was 30 ℃.
In this embodiment, the culturing temperature of the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber is controlled to 30 ℃, so that the temperature of the surfaces of the first anode and the second anode and the temperature of the catholyte are indirectly adjusted to 30 ℃, thereby providing an optimum growth environment for microorganisms, improving the biological activity of the microorganisms, and finally improving the performance of the whole microbial fuel cell. In practical application, the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber can be integrally placed into a constant temperature incubator to be subjected to constant temperature culture at 30 ℃.
In the above embodiment, the volumes of the first anode chamber 1, the cathode chamber 2 and the second anode chamber 3 are the same.
In this embodiment, since the migration rate of the anion-cation exchange membrane to anions and cations is related to the volume of the cavity of the anode chamber and the ion concentration, the nitration reaction rate of the cathode chamber is determined by the migration rate from the first anode chamber to the cathode chamber, and protons generated by the nitration reaction rate can be used as a proton source for the cathode oxygen reduction reaction; the denitrification reaction rate of the second anode chamber depends on the migration rate of the cathode chamber to the second anode chamber and is related to the concentration of the organic matters migrated from the first anode chamber to the second anode chamber; when the three are the same in volume, the method is beneficial to the nitrification reaction and the denitrification reaction of the nitrogen in the wastewater, and can ensure that the removal rate of organic matters and the nitrogen in the discharged wastewater reaches more than 95 percent.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the first anode 6, the cathode 7, and the second anode 8 are made of carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt, or graphite plate material.
In this embodiment, the first anode, the cathode, and the second anode are made of carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt, or graphite plate, which have good conductive effects, and are easy to adhere to microorganisms.
In order to further illustrate the technical scheme of the invention, the embodiment of the invention also provides a concrete implementation mode of the microbial fuel cell.
In this embodiment, the microbial fuel cell is composed of a first anode chamber and a second anode chamber each having a volume of 100ml, and a cathode chamber having a volume of 100ml, wherein the cathode chamber is located between the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber, and the first anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated by a cation exchange membrane, and the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber are separated by an anion exchange membrane. The first anode in the first anode chamber and the second anode in the second anode chamber are respectively connected with the cathode in the cathode chamber through an external resistor of 1k omega by leads to form a current loop.
The first anode and the second anode are both made of carbon felt materials, the size of the carbon felt is 2 multiplied by 3cm, activated sludge with electrogenesis activity is inoculated on the first anode, activated sludge with electrogenesis activity and denitrification activity is inoculated on the second anode, and the inoculation amount of the activated sludge is 0.5 mg/ml. The cathode is made of carbon cloth material and is loaded with 0.5mg/cm2The Pt-doped graphene catalyst has the carbon cloth size of 3 multiplied by 3cm, and activated sludge with nitrification activity is inoculated in catholyte in a cathode chamber, wherein the inoculation amount of the activated sludge is 0.5 mg/ml. The first anode chamber and the second anode chamber are both in an anaerobic closed environment, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte is 0.05-0.1 mg/L. The cathode chamber is aerobic aeration environment, and the aeration rate is controlled to be 30-40ml/min by air pump flowing through a gas flow meter.
The first anode chamber comprises a first water inlet and a first water outlet, the second anode chamber comprises a second water inlet and a second water outlet, the first water outlet and the second water inlet are connected through a conduit, and the first water inlet is connected with an external wastewater supply device.
Adding simulated nitrogen-containing organic wastewater into the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber as anolyte, wherein the anolyte of the second anode chamber comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na)2HPO4·2H20.8-8.1 g/L of O, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na)2HPO4·12H2O) 2.1-22 g/L, potassium chloride (KCl) 0-0.26 g/L, and sodium acetate (CH)3COONa)0.5g/L, Wolfes mineral solution 10mL/L, and the pH value thereof is adjusted to 7 by HCl solution or NaOH solution. Wherein, the specific composition of Wolfes mineral solution is as follows: aminoacetic acid (NH)2CH2COOH)1.5g/L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO)4·7H2O)3g/L, manganese sulfate dihydrate (MnSO)4·2H2O)0.5g/L, sodium chloride (NaCl)1.0g/L, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO)4·7H2O)0.1g/L, cobalt chloride (CoCl)2)0.1g/L, calcium chloride (CaCl)2)0.1g/L, zinc sulfate (ZnSO)4)0.1g/L, copper sulfate pentahydrate CuSO4·5H2O0.01 g/L, anhydrous aluminum potassium sulfate (AlK (SO)4)2)0.01g/L, boric acid (H)3BO3)0.01g/L of sodium molybdate (Na)2MoO4·2H2O)0.01g/L, and its pH was adjusted to 7 by KOH solution. The anolyte in the first anode chamber is added with ammonium chloride (NH) on the basis of the anolyte in the second anode chamber4Cl)0.42g/L as a nitrogen source.
The catholyte in the cathode chamber comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na)2HPO4·2H20.8-8.1 g/L of O, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na)2HPO4·12H2O) 2.1-22 g/L phosphate buffer solution.
When the device is used, the corresponding solution is added into each chamber at one time, mixed with activated sludge, placed in a 30 ℃ constant temperature incubator for culture, and connected with a data acquisition card at an electrode to record the acquisition voltage every 5 minutes. When the voltage rises first and then falls below 20mV, it is considered as a complete cycle and the solution needs to be replaced with a new one. After the operation of the first 3 periods, the output voltage of the whole microbial fuel cell is stable, the voltage output in the operation process of the fourth period is as shown in fig. 2, the maximum output voltage collected by the first anode and the cathode is up to 620mV, the period is finished, the voltage rapidly rises after the solution is replaced, and the voltage change of the second anode and the cathode is consistent with the voltage change of the first anode and the cathode.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating COD changes of the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber in the microbial fuel cell according to the embodiment of the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 3, initial COD (chemical oxygen Demand) values of anolyte in the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber are both about 500mg/L, as the whole operation process continues, the COD value in the first anode chamber decreases at a constant speed, and the COD value in the second anode chamber at an equal concentration is rapidly resolved at a previous period.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating changes in ammonia nitrogen concentration in a first anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a second anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating changes in nitrate nitrogen concentration in the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell provided in the embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the nitrogen changes in fig. 4 and 5, ammonia nitrogen migrates from the first anode compartment to the cathode compartment, and the ammonia nitrogen in the cathode compartment does not accumulate but is rapidly converted to nitrate. In addition, as nitrate migrates from the cathode chamber to the second anode chamber, reduction of nitrate likewise occurs rapidly, so that the nitrate concentration in the second anode chamber is maintained at a low level. As can also be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the nitrification reaction in the cathode compartment and the denitrification reaction in the second anode compartment are faster, with no substrate accumulation.
The microbial fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate, ensures effective removal of nitrogen in wastewater on the basis of effective removal of organic matters in the wastewater, can effectively prevent non-biological catalysts from falling off and losing, prolongs the effective service life of a cathode, and thus reduces the cost of the microbial fuel cell.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A microbial fuel cell is characterized by comprising a first anode chamber, a cathode chamber and a second anode chamber which are sequentially arranged, wherein the first anode chamber and the cathode chamber are separated by a cation exchange membrane, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber are separated by an anion exchange membrane, and the first anode chamber and the second anode chamber are also communicated with each other; the first anode positioned in the first anode chamber, the cathode positioned in the cathode chamber and the second anode positioned in the second anode chamber are respectively connected;
microorganisms or activated sludge with electrogenesis activity are inoculated on the first anode, a non-biological catalyst is arranged on the cathode, microorganisms or activated sludge with nitrification activity are inoculated in catholyte in the cathode chamber, and microorganisms or activated sludge with electrogenesis and denitrification activity are inoculated on the second anode;
the volumes of the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber and the second anode chamber are the same.
2. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the first anode chamber comprises a first water inlet and a first water outlet, the second anode chamber comprises a second water inlet and a second water outlet, wherein the first water outlet and the second water inlet are connected by a conduit, and the first water inlet is connected to an external wastewater supply.
3. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein an aeration pipe is arranged in the cathode chamber, and the other end of the aeration pipe is connected with an external air pump.
4. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein a gas flow meter is further provided between the aeration pipe and the air pump, and the aeration amount is controlled to be 10-50 ml/min by the gas flow meter.
5. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the non-biological catalyst disposed on the cathode is a Pt or nitrogen doped graphene catalyst.
6. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the catholyte is an inorganic salt solution or a nitrogen-containing inorganic salt solution.
7. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the incubation temperature of the first anode chamber, the cathode chamber, and the second anode chamber is 30 ℃.
8. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte in the first anode chamber and the anolyte in the second anode chamber are both 0.05 to 0.1 mg/L.
9. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the first anode, the cathode, and the second anode are made of carbon paper, carbon cloth, carbon felt, graphite felt, or graphite plate material.
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| CN109574153B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-05-28 | 北京工业大学 | Synchronous efficient coupling process for reducing chlorophenol by cathode and oxidizing phenol by anode |
| CN109728333B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-11-13 | 华北电力大学 | Partitioned cylindrical microbial fuel cell |
| CN109950585B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-12-08 | 华中科技大学 | Method for improving electricity generation and sensing performance of microbial fuel cell |
| CN110357273B (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2023-08-04 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Fuel cell device and ammonia nitrogen removal and ferric iron regeneration method |
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