CN108447576A - A kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet Download PDFInfo
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- CN108447576A CN108447576A CN201810100308.1A CN201810100308A CN108447576A CN 108447576 A CN108447576 A CN 108447576A CN 201810100308 A CN201810100308 A CN 201810100308A CN 108447576 A CN108447576 A CN 108447576A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
- G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet, by powder of uranium dioxide and MAX phases powder by volume 49~1:After the 1 direct batch mixing of ratio or granulation batch mixing, obtained mixture is sintered using atmosphere sintering, hot pressed sintering or discharge plasma, feeding machine-shaping, obtains pellet after the completion of sintering.In the powder of uranium dioxide235U degree of enrichment is 1% 19%, and oxygen/uranium is 1.95 2.15, and grain size is 1 50 μm.The MAX phases grain size is 40 μm of 50nm, and MAX phases are 312 based compounds, 211 based compounds or 413 based compounds；312 based compound is Ti3SiC2Or Ti3AlC2.This method reasonable design, operation is more simple, and the uranium dioxide pellet being prepared can further increase thermal conductivity on the basis of holding uranium dioxide original advantage, promote fuel safety energy, intensified response heap resists the ability of accident conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet.
Background technology
Uranium dioxide pellet has that high-melting-point, anti-oxidant, neutron economy is good, resistance to vapor corrosion, irradiation stability are good,
With involucrum good compatibility, fission gas inclusiveness is good many advantages, such as, be widely used in commercial nuclear reaction currently as nuclear fuel
Heap.However uranium dioxide thermal conductivity is low, it is excessive to be easy to cause pellet internal temperature gradient, and then causes pellet cracking, failure, very
The problem of to involucrum haptoreaction.In the state of accident, this effect is further magnified, and heat can not dissipate in time in heap
Go out, fuel temperature, which increases rapidly, even to be melted, and cladding materials reacts release hydrogen with vapor and causes explosion, causes serious safety
Accident.Studies have shown that if the thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide pellet promotes 5-10%, the fuel heart under coolant loss emergency conditions
Portion's temperature can reduce by 300 DEG C or more, therefore the thermal conductivity for improving uranium dioxide pellet is to effectively improve the way of fuel safety
Diameter becomes the hot issue of accident fault tolerant fuel development.
MAX phase materials are the common names of nano ternary lamellar compound, it is by transition element M (Ti, Zr, V, Cr etc.), master
Race's elements A (Si, Al etc.) and element X (C, N etc.) compositions.The molecular formula of general MAX phases is represented by Mn+1AXn, common MAX phases
Middle n values are 1,2,3, and corresponding MAX phase systems are referred to as 211 systems, 312 systems and 413 are MAX phases.Recent study person
It is found that the MAX phase systems such as 523 systems, 725 systems, 615 systems again.MAX phases are by M6X octahedrons and A atomic layers alternating stacking form,
MAX phases have both the characteristic of metal and ceramics, have excellent high-melting-point, high heat conduction, radiation-resistant property, good toughness, good in oxidation resistance,
Good thermal shock and UO2Similar thermal expansion coefficient the features such as.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet is provided
Preparation method, this method reasonable design, operation is more simple, and the uranium dioxide pellet being prepared can keep titanium dioxide
Thermal conductivity is further increased on the basis of the original advantage of uranium, promotes fuel safety energy, and intensified response heap resists accident conditions
Ability.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet, which is characterized in that by powder of uranium dioxide and MAX
Phase powder by volume 49~1:After the 1 direct batch mixing of ratio or granulation batch mixing, by obtained mixture using atmosphere sintering, heat
Pressure sintering or discharge plasma sintering, feeding machine-shaping, obtains pellet after the completion of sintering.
Specifically, in the powder of uranium dioxide235U degree of enrichment is 1%-19%, oxygen/uranium 1.95-2.15, grain size
It is 1-50 μm.
Specifically, the MAX phases grain size be 50nm-40 μm, and MAX phases be 312 based compounds, 211 based compounds or
413 based compounds；312 based compound is Ti3SiC2Or Ti3AlC2。
Preferably, 211 based compound is Ti2AlC、Ti2AlN, 413 based compound are Ti4AlC3。
Further, when mixing method is direct batch mixing, operation is：Powder of uranium dioxide and MAX phase powder are set
Enter ball grinder mixing 12-24h, rotating speed 100-300r/min.Wherein, the MAX phase disperses that can be formed after sintering of direct batch mixing divide
The institutional framework of cloth.
Further, when mixing method is to be granulated batch mixing, operation is：Powder of uranium dioxide is made in 200-600MPa
Grain crosses 20-50 mesh sieve, and the self-grind spheroidising 6-12h in ball grinder, rotating speed 100-300r/min obtain uranium dioxide
Grain；Obtained uranium dioxide particle is mixed into 0.5-3h with MAX phase powder in ball grinder again, rotating speed 50-200r/min makes
MAX phase powder is coated on uranium dioxide bead surface.Wherein, be granulated batch mixing can to form MAX phases after sintering continuously distributed
Institutional framework.
Further, when sintering processing be atmosphere sintering when, step be first by mixture 100-300MPa pressure
Lower compression molding, obtains UO2- MAX phase biscuits；Biscuit is placed in atmosphere sintering furnace again and is sintered, set sintering condition as：
1500 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 5-10 DEG C/min, is then warming up to 1600-1800 DEG C with the rate of 1-5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 1-
7h is finally furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-on feedings；The sintering process and cooling procedure atmosphere are H2, and H2Flow is 0.1-
2L/min。
Further, when sintering processing is hot pressed sintering, step is first to fill this blend into graphite jig, sintering
Condition is as follows：1450 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5-20 DEG C/min first, later with the heating rate liter of 2-10 DEG C/min
Temperature is to 1500-1800 DEG C；It is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-on feedings after heat preservation 0.5-2h；Sintering process whole process imposes 30-100MPa
Constant pressure, and using high-purity argon gas protect.
Further, when sintering processing is that discharge plasma is sintered, step is first to fill this blend into graphite
In mold, sintering condition is as follows：Be warming up to 1100 DEG C first with the heating rate of 100-200 DEG C/min, later with 50-100 DEG C/
The heating rate of min is warming up to 1200-1600 DEG C, keeps the temperature 1-30min, is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons later；Sintering process is complete
Journey imposes the constant pressure of 30-50MPa, and is protected using high-purity argon gas.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
The present invention has used for reference the excellent anti-radiation performance of MAX phases, high heat conduction characteristic, high-melting-point and uranium dioxide and has thermally expanded
The advantages such as coefficients match promote its thermal conductivity by adding MAX phases into uranium dioxide, and improved uranium dioxide pellet has
The features such as high heat conduction, anti-radiation performance be good, low bulk, high-melting-point, security performance is obviously improved, and is expected to as accident fault tolerant fuel
Applied to commercial water-water reactor and nuclear reactor of new generation.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, and mode of the invention includes but are not limited to following implementation
Example.
Following embodiment is the preparation method of MAX phase modified uranium dioxide pellets.
Embodiment 1
Raw material：UO2In powder235U degree of enrichment 1%, oxygen/uranium 1.95,1 μm or so of grain size；MAX phases are chemical combination using 312
Object Ti3SiC2, grain size 50nm or so；
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
98% volume fraction powder of uranium dioxide and 2% volume fraction MAX phase powder are placed in ball grinder mixing 12h, turned
Fast 100r/min.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
By the mixed-powder obtained in step 1 compression molding under the pressure of 100MPa, UO is obtained2- MAX phase biscuits, will
Biscuit is placed in atmosphere sintering furnace and is sintered, and temperature process is as follows：1500 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 5 DEG C/min first, it
1600 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 1 DEG C/min afterwards, keeps the temperature 7h；It is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons later；Sintering process and cooled
Journey passes to H2, flow 0.1L/min.
Above-mentioned sintered blank is processed according to reactor actual demand, obtains practical engineering application pellet by step 3.
The pellet being prepared using the above method has an institutional framework of Dispersed precipitate MAX phases, thermal conductivity at 1000 DEG C
Purer uranium dioxide pellet can promote 5-10%.
Embodiment 2
Raw material：UO2In powder235U degree of enrichment 19%, oxygen/uranium 2.15,50 μm or so of grain size；MAX phases use 312 systems
Close object Ti3AlC2, 40 μm or so of grain size；
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
50% volume fraction powder of uranium dioxide and 50% volume fraction MAX phase powder merging ball grinder are mixed for 24 hours, turned
Fast 300r/min.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
By the mixed-powder obtained in step 1 compression molding under the pressure of 300MPa, UO is obtained2- MAX phase biscuits.It will
Biscuit is placed in atmosphere sintering furnace and is sintered.Temperature process is as follows：1500 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 10 DEG C/min first, it
1800 DEG C are warming up to the rate of 5 DEG C/min afterwards, keeps the temperature 1h；It is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons later.Sintering process and cooled
Journey passes to H2, flow 2L/min.
Above-mentioned sintered blank is processed according to reactor actual demand, obtains practical engineering application pellet by step 3.
The pellet being prepared using the above method has an institutional framework of Dispersed precipitate MAX phases, thermal conductivity at 1000 DEG C
Purer uranium dioxide pellet can promote 70-80%.
Embodiment 3
Raw material：UO2In powder235U degree of enrichment 4.95%, oxygen/uranium 2.02,5 μm or so of grain size；MAX phases use 211 systems
Close object Ti2AlC, 5 μm or so of grain size；
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
By powder of uranium dioxide in 200MPa compression moldings, 50 mesh sieve is crossed, the self-grind spheroidising 6h in ball grinder turns
Fast 100r/min, by obtained uranium dioxide particle with MAX phase powder with 98:2 volume ratio mixes 0.5h in ball grinder, turns
Fast 50r/min makes MAX phase powder be coated on uranium dioxide bead surface.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
The mixed-powder obtained in step 1 is fitted into graphite jig and carries out hot pressed sintering.Sintering process is as follows：First
1450 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, is warming up to 1500 DEG C later with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min；After keeping the temperature 2h
It is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons；Sintering process whole process imposes the constant pressure of 100MPa, and is protected using high-purity argon gas.
Above-mentioned sintered blank is processed according to reactor actual demand, obtains practical engineering application pellet by step 3.
The pellet being prepared using the above method has an institutional framework of continuously distributed MAX phases, thermal conductivity at 1000 DEG C
Purer uranium dioxide pellet can promote 8-12%.
Embodiment 4
Raw material：UO2In powder235U degree of enrichment 10%, oxygen/uranium 2.00,10 μm or so of grain size；MAX phases use 211 systems
Close object Ti2AlN, grain size is at 10 μm or so；
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
By powder of uranium dioxide in 600MPa compression moldings, crosses 20 mesh and sieve, the self-grind spheroidising 12h in ball grinder,
Rotating speed 300r/min, by obtained uranium dioxide particle with MAX phase powder with 50:50 volume ratio mixes 3h in ball grinder,
Rotating speed 200r/min makes MAX phase powder be coated on uranium dioxide bead surface.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
The mixed-powder obtained in step 1 is fitted into graphite jig and carries out hot pressed sintering.Sintering process is as follows：First
1450 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, is warming up to 1800 DEG C later with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min；Heat preservation 0.5
After be furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons；Sintering process whole process imposes the constant pressure of 30MPa, and is protected using high-purity argon gas.
Above-mentioned sintered blank is processed according to reactor actual demand, obtains practical engineering application pellet by step 3.
The pellet being prepared using the above method has an institutional framework of continuously distributed MAX phases, thermal conductivity at 1000 DEG C
Purer uranium dioxide pellet can promote 90-100%.
Embodiment 5
Raw material：UO2In powder235U degree of enrichment is 2%, and oxygen/uranium is 1.98,20 μm or so of grain size；MAX phases use 413 systems
Compound such as Ti4AlC3, 40 μm or so of grain size；
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
By powder of uranium dioxide in 200MPa compression moldings, 50 mesh sieve is crossed, the self-grind spheroidising 6h in ball grinder turns
Fast 100r/min, by obtained uranium dioxide particle with MAX phase powder with 90:10 volume ratio mixes 0.5h in ball grinder,
Rotating speed 50r/min makes MAX phase powder be coated on uranium dioxide bead surface.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
The mixed-powder obtained in step 1 is fitted into graphite jig and carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering process is such as
Under：1100 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 100 DEG C/min first, is warming up to 1200 later with the heating rate of 50 DEG C/min
DEG C, 30min is kept the temperature, is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons later.Sintering process whole process imposes the constant pressure of 50MPa, and uses high-purity argon
Gas shielded.
Above-mentioned sintered blank is processed according to reactor actual demand, obtains practical engineering application pellet by step 3.
The pellet being prepared using the above method has an institutional framework of continuously distributed MAX phases, thermal conductivity at 1000 DEG C
Purer uranium dioxide pellet can promote 40-50%.
Embodiment 6
Raw material：UO2In powder235U degree of enrichment 4.95%, oxygen/uranium 2.13,10 μm or so of grain size；MAX phases use 211 systems
Compound Ti2AlC, 15 μm or so of grain size；
Step 1 matches raw material as follows：
By powder of uranium dioxide in 200MPa compression moldings, 50 mesh sieve is crossed, the self-grind spheroidising 6h in ball grinder turns
Fast 100r/min, by obtained uranium dioxide particle with MAX phase powder with 95:5 volume ratio mixes 0.5h in ball grinder, turns
Fast 50r/min makes MAX phase powder be coated on uranium dioxide bead surface.
Step 2 carries out sintering as follows：
The mixed-powder obtained in step 1 is fitted into graphite jig and carries out discharge plasma sintering, sintering process is such as
Under：1100 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 200 DEG C/min first, is warming up to 1600 later with the heating rate of 100 DEG C/min
DEG C, 1min is kept the temperature, is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons later.Sintering process whole process imposes the constant pressure of 30MPa, and uses high-purity argon
Gas shielded.
Above-mentioned sintered blank is processed according to reactor actual demand, obtains practical engineering application pellet by step 3.
The pellet being prepared using the above method has an institutional framework of continuously distributed MAX phases, thermal conductivity at 1000 DEG C
Purer uranium dioxide pellet can promote 20-250%.
By above example it will be evident that under the present invention raw material and relevant parameter that set, according to the method for the present invention
The uranium dioxide pellet being prepared, special thermal conductivity has different degrees of promotion, and MAX phases add more, thermal conductivity
Promotion is more, i.e., the present invention uses the addition MAX phases into uranium dioxide that can be obviously improved its thermal conductivity, in holding titanium dioxide
Its safety is promoted while uranium pellet excellent specific property.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit the protection model of the present invention
Enclose, as long as the present invention body design thought and that mentally makes have no the change of essential meaning or polishing, solved
The technical issues of it is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet, which is characterized in that by powder of uranium dioxide and MAX phases
Powder by volume 49~1:After the 1 direct batch mixing of ratio or granulation batch mixing, by obtained mixture using atmosphere sintering, hot pressing
Sintering or discharge plasma sintering, feeding machine-shaping, obtains pellet after the completion of sintering.
2. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states in powder of uranium dioxide235U degree of enrichment is 1%-19%, and oxygen/uranium 1.95-2.15, grain size is 1-50 μm.
3. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
It is 50nm-40 μm to state MAX phase grain sizes, and MAX phases are 312 based compounds, 211 based compounds or 413 based compounds；Described 312
Based compound is Ti3SiC2Or Ti3AlC2。
4. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 3, which is characterized in that institute
It is Ti to state 211 based compounds2AlC、Ti2AlN, 413 based compound are Ti4AlC3。
5. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to Claims 1 to 4 any one,
It is characterized in that, when mixing method is direct batch mixing, operation is：Powder of uranium dioxide and MAX phase powder are placed in ball grinder
Mix 12-24h, rotating speed 100-300r/min.
6. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when
Mixing method is when being granulated batch mixing, and operation is：By powder of uranium dioxide in 200-600MPa granulations, excessively 20-50 mesh sieve, in ball
Self-grind spheroidising 6-12h in grinding jar, rotating speed 100-300r/min obtain uranium dioxide particle；The titanium dioxide that will be obtained again
Uranium particle mixes 0.5-3h, rotating speed 50-200r/min with MAX phase powder in ball grinder, and MAX phase powder is made to be coated on titanium dioxide
Uranium bead surface.
7. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that
When sintering processing is atmosphere sintering, step is first to obtain mixture compression molding under the pressure of 100-300MPa
UO2- MAX phase biscuits；Biscuit is placed in atmosphere sintering furnace again and is sintered, set sintering condition as：With 5-10 DEG C/min's
Rate is warming up to 1500 DEG C, is then warming up to 1600-1800 DEG C with the rate of 1-5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 1-7h, is finally furnace-cooled to
100 DEG C or less blow-on feedings；The sintering process and cooling procedure atmosphere are H2, and H2Flow is 0.1-2L/min.
8. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 7, which is characterized in that when
When sintering processing is hot pressed sintering, step is first to fill this blend into graphite jig, and sintering condition is as follows：First with 5-20
DEG C/heating rate of min is warming up to 1450 DEG C, later 1500-1800 DEG C is warming up to the heating rate of 2-10 DEG C/min；Heat preservation
100 DEG C or less blow-on feedings are furnace-cooled to after 0.5-2h；Sintering process whole process imposes the constant pressure of 30-100MPa, and uses high-purity argon
Gas shielded.
9. a kind of preparation method of MAX phases modified uranium dioxide pellet according to claim 8, which is characterized in that when
When sintering processing is that discharge plasma is sintered, step is first to fill this blend into graphite jig, and sintering condition is as follows：It is first
1100 DEG C first are warming up to the heating rate of 100-200 DEG C/min, is warming up to later with the heating rate of 50-100 DEG C/min
1200-1600 DEG C, 1-30min is kept the temperature, is furnace-cooled to 100 DEG C or less blow-ons later；Sintering process whole process imposes the perseverance of 30-50MPa
Pressure, and protected using high-purity argon gas.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112707730A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-27 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Preparation method of uranium dioxide-graphene-like composite fuel pellet |
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| CN106927832A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-07-07 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of preparation method of the imitative fault-tolerant fuel ball of MAX phases accident |
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Inventor after: Li Bingqing Inventor after: Huang Qiqi Inventor after: Wang Zhiyi Inventor after: Yang Zhenliang Inventor after: Gao Rui Inventor after: Zhang Pengcheng Inventor after: Chu Mingfu Inventor after: Tang Hao Inventor after: Zhong Yi Inventor after: Liu Xuxu Inventor after: Duan Limei Inventor before: Li Bingqing Inventor before: Wang Zhiyi Inventor before: Yang Zhenliang Inventor before: Gao Rui Inventor before: Chu Mingfu Inventor before: Tang Hao Inventor before: Zhong Yi Inventor before: Liu Xuxu Inventor before: Duan Limei Inventor before: Huang Qiqi |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |