CN108445601A - A kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method and device - Google Patents
A kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108445601A CN108445601A CN201810134713.5A CN201810134713A CN108445601A CN 108445601 A CN108445601 A CN 108445601A CN 201810134713 A CN201810134713 A CN 201810134713A CN 108445601 A CN108445601 A CN 108445601A
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- primary mirror
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/185—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors with means for adjusting the shape of the mirror surface
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Abstract
The invention belongs to heavy caliber astronomical telescope technical fields, and in particular to a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method and device preload array by application and calculated according to system alignment error and gravity face shape error and obtain comprehensive compensation power；And balancing force is mapped to each compensation mechanism unit, stress compensation is supported to primary mirror support system.The present invention preloads microcosmic rubber elastomer characteristics of the array from primary mirror Mirror blank materials, based on Mirror blank materials continuity, uniformity and the assumption of isotropy, with generalized Hooke law bulk strain theory for basic foundation, large-scale primary mirror Non-optical surfaces are applied by theory of mechanisms method and preload array compensation mechanism, under the premise of not destroying primary mirror passive type support citation form, the variation that array causes primary mirror optical surface according to result of calculation is preloaded, the influence of main mirror face precision is brought to compensate gravity deformation and adjustment stress.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy caliber astronomical telescope technical fields, and in particular to a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect
Fruit improvement method and device.
Background technology
It is traditional based on passive type primary mirror support with astrophysical further investigation and the development to universe exploration
The 1-2 grade telescopic systems of system, since its main mirror face precision is difficult to break through the bottleneck that gravity deformation and alignment error influence,
Thus it is difficult to meet its needs.Newly-built ground astronomical optics telescope is constantly built towards enlargement and large direction,
Monolithic primary mirror bore has reached 8 meters or more, while to overcome large-scale principal reflection mirror its own gravity deformation and rigging error, active light
Technology continues to develop, but system is excessively complicated too fat to move, involves great expense.Above-mentioned large scale equipment is due to the limitation of fixed site, institute
The Celestial Objects of observation receive the limitation in time and space；It is limited for above-mentioned observation condition, space optics telescope is able to
Occur, but (maintenance of Hubble Telescope forces NASA more times due to its high cost, high risk and the characteristics of be difficult to safeguard
Transfer the expensive device including space shuttle), thus establish space large telescope on a large scale and be difficult to realize.
It is comprehensive that the telescopic system of 1-2 meter level primary mirror passive types support has that technology maturation, cost are relatively low, to build risk small
Conjunction advantage, thus can relatively large scale built, effect can not still be looked in the distance by 8 meter level ground large telescopes and space
Mirror substitutes completely.
Invention content
In view of the above problems, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method and dress
It sets.
In order to solve the above technical problems, one aspect of the present invention is：A kind of passive type heavy caliber master is provided
Mirror support effect improvement method, includes the following steps：
S1, apply preloading array in original passive type primary mirror support system；The preloading array includes multiple compensation machines
Structure unit；
S2, face shape error is calculated and is obtained based on system alignment error and gravity face shape error, the face shape is missed
Poor solution is counted as corresponding comprehensive compensation power；
S3, the balancing force being calculated is mapped to each compensation mechanism unit, each compensation mechanism unit is to master
Mirror support system is supported stress compensation.
Further, the balancing force computational methods of the step S2 are specially：
By primary mirror optical reflection face surface discretization, primary mirror stiffness matrix [K] is acquired using finite element method, is established each
Unit amount information matrix [the Z of discrete pointi], Zernike calibrations are carried out, corresponding calibrated force calibration matrix [F is acquiredi]；
It brings face shape error opposite number into various discrete point, obtains face shape error compensation matrix [X], using least square method by error moments
Battle array is decomposed into ∑ ai[Zi] linear combination, and then the preloading array balancing force asked be ∑ ai[Fi]。
Further, system alignment error described in step S2 specifically refers to original passive type primary mirror support system adjustment
Practical surface figure accuracy error after the completion；
The calculation of the system alignment error balancing force is：Using above-mentioned balancing force computational methods, by system adjustment
The opposite number of error is brought into, is obtained system adjustment face shape error compensation matrix, is acquired system alignment error balancing force.
Further, gravity face shape error described in step S2 specifically refers to shape mistake in gravity face under primary mirror difference pitch angle
Difference；
The calculation of the gravity face shape error balancing force is：Using above-mentioned balancing force computational methods, primary mirror is chosen most
The deformation of common pitching angle range brings the opposite number of the gravity face shape error of corresponding angle into as compensation basis, obtains weight
Power face shape error compensation matrix acquires gravity face shape error balancing force.
Furthermore system alignment error balancing force and gravity face shape error balancing force are synthesized, the comprehensive benefit is obtained
Repay power.
As an improvement the step " choosing the most frequently used pitching angle range of primary mirror " specifically includes record primary mirror history and makes
With pitch angle, and pitch angle frequency of use figure is made, the most common pitching angle range of primary mirror is chosen according to predetermined threshold value.
As a further improvement, choosing the corresponding median of pitching angle range as the corresponding angle for calculating gravity
Face shape error balancing force.
A kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect raising device, applies pre- in original passive type primary mirror support system
Carry array；The preloading array includes multiple compensation mechanism units；The compensation mechanism unit is fixedly installed on primary mirror cell, described
Compensation mechanism unit and the passive type primary mirror support system arranged in parallel or series arrangement；The compensation mechanism unit includes machine
Tool formula Whiffletree supporting mechanisms, lever counterweight supporting mechanism, hydraulic pressure Whiffletree supporting mechanisms, passive type air pressure branch
Support mechanism.
A kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method of the present invention and device preload array and root by application
It is calculated according to system alignment error and gravity face shape error and obtains comprehensive compensation power；And balancing force is mapped to each compensation
Mechanism unit is supported stress compensation to primary mirror support system.The present invention preloads microcosmic bullet of the array from primary mirror Mirror blank materials
Property bulk properties set out, be based on Mirror blank materials continuity, uniformity and the assumption of isotropy, with generalized Hooke law bulk strain manage
It is not being destroyed by theory of mechanisms method to the preloading array compensation mechanism of large-scale primary mirror Non-optical surfaces application by for basic foundation
Under the premise of primary mirror passive type supports citation form, the variation that array causes primary mirror optical surface according to result of calculation is preloaded, with
Compensation gravity deformation and adjustment stress bring the influence of main mirror face precision.Each unit machine of the preloading array compensation mechanism
Structure power output, because without generating Degree-of-freedom Coupling to original passive type support system, that is, not interfering with original support system
Kinematics equilibrium state.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect of the present invention improves the preloading array compensation principle signal of device
Figure；
Fig. 2 is a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method of the present invention and device gravity deformation compensatory michanism
Schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method provided by the invention is illustrated below in conjunction with Fig. 1-2
And device.
Passive type heavy caliber primary mirror under the use state of different pitch angles, face shape by gravity influenced constantly become
Change, essential reason is the axial difference supported with lateral support form；It is typically due to axial support compared to lateral support
Exercisable mechanism space is more sufficient, and supporting point distribution is more reasonable, thus support effect is better than lateral support effect, i.e.,
Primary mirror optical axis is directed toward zenith surface figure accuracy preferably and to be directed toward horizontal surface figure accuracy worst, and optical axis is directed toward by zenith to horizontal process
Ascending increasing trend (as shown in Fig. 2 curves 1) is presented in middle primary mirror optical surface deformation, and main in astronomical optics telescope
The frequency that mirror is directed toward zenith is relatively low, i.e., at present in the design concept of existing corresponding passive type support system by surface figure accuracy
" waste " is in the lower working method of frequency of use；Simultaneously for entire primary mirror support system performance measurement there is " wood
Bucket effect ", that is, be subject to worst surface figure accuracy under different pitch angle states.From in gravity when primary mirror optical axis is directed toward horizontal
The poisson effect of lower generation is the most apparent, and the deformation that optical surface generates is maximum, is caused to the imaging effect of primary optical system
It influences maximum；Gravity is compensated using preloading array to be by reasonably preloading battle array the mechanism of primary mirror support system surface figure accuracy
Row apply, and main mirror face precision when the lower optical axis of working condition frequency is directed toward zenith are run by " sacrifice ", to improve work
Make the higher pitching angle segment main mirror face precision of state frequency, and compensates (i.e. optical axis when primary mirror lateral support plays a leading role
It is directed toward close to level and reaches horizontality) its own gravity influences caused surface figure accuracy and declines problem, and then improves primary mirror branch
The comprehensive performance of support system entire pitch angle working condition range under the effect of gravity, as shown in Fig. 2 curves 2.
Based on above-mentioned principle, the present invention provides a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method, including as follows
Step：
S1, apply preloading array in original passive type primary mirror support system；The preloading array includes multiple compensation machines
Structure unit；
S2, face shape error is calculated and is obtained based on system alignment error and gravity face shape error, the face shape is missed
Poor solution is counted as corresponding comprehensive compensation power；
S3, the balancing force being calculated is mapped to each compensation mechanism unit, each compensation mechanism unit is to master
Mirror support system is supported stress compensation.
Preloading array compensation method of the present invention is for adjustment stress, the main mirror face caused by adjustment stress
Error is invariant system error, can be substantially eliminated by compensation.Each unit machine of preloading array compensation mechanism of the present invention
Structure power output is constant force, is not changed with primary mirror state change.
Further, the balancing force computational methods of the step S2 are specially：
By primary mirror optical reflection face surface discretization, primary mirror stiffness matrix [K] is acquired using finite element method, is established each
Unit amount information matrix [the Z of discrete pointi], Zernike calibrations are carried out, corresponding calibrated force calibration matrix [F is acquiredi]；
It brings face shape error opposite number into various discrete point, obtains face shape error compensation matrix [X], using least square method by error moments
Battle array is decomposed into ∑ ai[Zi] linear combination, and then the preloading array balancing force asked be ∑ ai[Fi]。
Further, system alignment error described in step S2 specifically refers to original passive type primary mirror support system adjustment
Practical surface figure accuracy error after the completion；
The calculation of the system alignment error balancing force is：Using above-mentioned balancing force computational methods, by system adjustment
The opposite number of error is brought into, is obtained system adjustment face shape error compensation matrix, is acquired system alignment error balancing force.
Further, gravity face shape error described in step S2 specifically refers to shape mistake in gravity face under primary mirror difference pitch angle
Difference；
The calculation of the gravity face shape error balancing force is：Using above-mentioned balancing force computational methods, primary mirror is chosen most
The deformation of common pitching angle range brings the opposite number of the gravity face shape error of corresponding angle into as compensation basis, obtains weight
Power face shape error compensation matrix acquires gravity face shape error balancing force.
Furthermore system alignment error balancing force and gravity face shape error balancing force are synthesized, the comprehensive benefit is obtained
Repay power.
As an improvement the step " choosing the most frequently used pitching angle range of primary mirror " specifically includes record primary mirror history and makes
With pitch angle, and pitch angle frequency of use figure is made, the most common pitching angle range of primary mirror is chosen according to predetermined threshold value.
As a further improvement, choosing the corresponding median of pitching angle range as the corresponding angle for calculating gravity
Face shape error balancing force.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention also provides a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effects to improve device, original passive
Apply in formula primary mirror support system and preloads array；The preloading array includes multiple compensation mechanism units；The compensation mechanism list
Member is fixedly installed on primary mirror cell, the compensation mechanism unit and the passive type primary mirror support system arranged in parallel or the row of series connection
Cloth；The compensation mechanism unit includes mechanical Whiffletree supporting mechanisms, lever counterweight supporting mechanism, hydraulic pressure
Whiffletree supporting mechanisms, passive type air pressure supporting mechanism.
A kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method of the present invention and device preload array and root by application
It is calculated according to system alignment error and gravity face shape error and obtains comprehensive compensation power；And balancing force is mapped to each compensation
Mechanism unit is supported stress compensation to primary mirror support system.The present invention preloads microcosmic bullet of the array from primary mirror Mirror blank materials
Property bulk properties set out, be based on Mirror blank materials continuity, uniformity and the assumption of isotropy, with generalized Hooke law bulk strain manage
It is not being destroyed by theory of mechanisms method to the preloading array compensation mechanism of large-scale primary mirror Non-optical surfaces application by for basic foundation
Under the premise of primary mirror passive type supports citation form, the variation that array causes primary mirror optical surface according to result of calculation is preloaded, with
Compensation gravity deformation and adjustment stress bring the influence of main mirror face precision.Each unit machine of the preloading array compensation mechanism
Structure power output, because without generating Degree-of-freedom Coupling to original passive type support system, that is, not interfering with original support system
Kinematics equilibrium state.
Beneficial effects of the present invention include at least following aspects：
(1) clear thinking, simple in structure based on traditional 1-2 meter levels primary mirror passive type support system, can be not only newly to set
Standby design scheme provides the reference of compensation thinking or existing equipment provides a kind of simple, easy raising primary mirror support effect
The compensation improved method of fruit.
(2) method according to the present invention for improving passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect uses the compensation side of power output
Method, because without generating coupling to original support system degree of freedom, not destroying the kinematics equilibrium state of original support system, because
Without being impacted to the hot decoupling ability of original support system and enabling capabilities.
(3) balancing force that preloading array compensation mechanism according to the present invention is exported is constant force, and manual adjusting can be used
Mechanism avoids force actuator mechanism complicated in similar active optics so that system structure is simple, reliable and stable, and not shadow
Ring the original support stiffness of support system so that involved preloading array compensation method is applicable not only to the fixed astronomical station and adopts
With the especially suitable moveable carrier astronomy station uses.
Mode the above is only the implementation of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize this
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content, it is relevant to be applied directly or indirectly in other
Technical field is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1, apply preloading array in original passive type primary mirror support system；The preloading array includes multiple compensation mechanism lists
Member；
S2, face shape error is calculated and is obtained based on system alignment error and gravity face shape error, by the face shape error solution
It is counted as corresponding comprehensive compensation power；
S3, the balancing force being calculated is mapped to each compensation mechanism unit, each compensation mechanism unit is to primary mirror branch
Support system is supported stress compensation.
2. passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S2
Balancing force computational methods be specially：
By primary mirror optical reflection face surface discretization, primary mirror stiffness matrix [K] is acquired using finite element method, establishes various discrete
Unit amount information matrix [the Z of pointi], Zernike calibrations are carried out, corresponding calibrated force calibration matrix [F is acquiredi]；By face
Shape error opposite number brings various discrete point into, obtains face shape error compensation matrix [X], is divided error matrix using least square method
Solution is ∑ ai[Zi] linear combination, and then the preloading array balancing force asked be ∑ ai[Fi]。
3. passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that institute in step S2
The system alignment error of stating specifically refers to practical surface figure accuracy error after the completion of original passive type primary mirror support system adjustment；
The calculation of the system alignment error balancing force is：Using above-mentioned balancing force computational methods, by system alignment error
Opposite number bring into, obtain system adjustment face shape error compensation matrix, acquire system alignment error balancing force.
4. passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that institute in step S2
It states gravity face shape error and specifically refers to gravity face shape error under primary mirror difference pitch angle；
The calculation of the gravity face shape error balancing force is：Using above-mentioned balancing force computational methods, it is the most frequently used to choose primary mirror
The opposite number of the gravity face shape error of corresponding angle is brought into as compensation basis, obtains gravity face by the deformation of pitching angle range
Shape error compensation matrix acquires gravity face shape error balancing force.
5. passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that by system adjustment
Error compensation power and gravity face shape error balancing force are synthesized, and the comprehensive compensation power is obtained.
6. passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the step
" choosing the most frequently used pitching angle range of primary mirror " specifically includes record primary mirror history and uses pitch angle, and makes pitch angle frequency of use
Figure chooses the most common pitching angle range of primary mirror according to predetermined threshold value.
7. passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improvement method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that choose pitch angle
The corresponding median in section is as the corresponding angle for calculating gravity face shape error balancing force.
8. a kind of passive type heavy caliber primary mirror support effect improves device, which is characterized in that in original passive type primary mirror support system
Apply on system and preloads array；The preloading array includes multiple compensation mechanism units；The compensation mechanism unit is fixedly installed on
Primary mirror cell, the compensation mechanism unit and the passive type primary mirror support system arranged in parallel or series arrangement；The compensation machine
Structure unit include mechanical Whiffletree supporting mechanisms, lever counterweight supporting mechanism, hydraulic pressure Whiffletree supporting mechanisms,
Passive type air pressure supporting mechanism.
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| CN201810134713.5A CN108445601B (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2018-02-09 | Method and device for improving supporting effect of passive large-aperture primary mirror |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810134713.5A CN108445601B (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2018-02-09 | Method and device for improving supporting effect of passive large-aperture primary mirror |
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| CN108445601B CN108445601B (en) | 2019-12-13 |
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| CN109932804A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-25 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of flexible memory alloy support device of small-bore lightweight mirror |
| CN111352208A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-30 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Machining, assembling and adjusting device and method for large-diameter reflector |
| CN112731619A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Surface shape compensation system |
| CN113253415A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-08-13 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Main mirror lateral support structure and assembling and adjusting method |
| CN114002805A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-01 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Optical element gravity deformation suppression device and suppression method |
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| CN113253415A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-08-13 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Main mirror lateral support structure and assembling and adjusting method |
| CN114002805A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-02-01 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Optical element gravity deformation suppression device and suppression method |
| CN114002805B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-11-07 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Optical element gravity deformation inhibition method |
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