CN108444431B - Pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of pipe fitting shape detection, in particular to a pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points, which comprises a positioning method based on the three mounting points, a deviation calculation method and detection requirements. The positioning method based on three mounting points comprises three mounting points and a space positioning method. Three mounting points, which refer to three points closely related to the mounting position: two end points PE of the pipe fitting and a bending tangent point PTmax which is the maximum Lmax away from the connecting line of the two end points PE. According to the pipe fitting installation requirements, the axial deviation and the angle deviation of the pipe fitting are accurately detected, the installation technical requirements are ensured to be met, the phenomenon that the qualified pipe fitting cannot meet the installation requirements by adopting the optimal fitting method is prevented, and the quality reliability and the credibility are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pipe fitting shape detection, in particular to a pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points.
Technical Field
In the last decade, the digital manufacturing technology of the pipe fittings of domestic airplanes, engines, ships, automobiles and industrial equipment is rapidly developed under the drive of the foreign digital manufacturing technology, the three-dimensional rapid modeling technology and the numerical control bending process modeling technology for the manufactured pipe fittings are applied in various industries, and the digital manufacturing of the pipe fittings is realized by matching with the existing numerical control pipe bender and the laser vector measuring machine, so that the process preparation time is greatly shortened, the process parameters are optimized, and the product quality is improved.
At present, when the shape of a pipe fitting is detected, firstly, a positioning reference of a detected pipe fitting 1 is determined, then, the shape is measured, the detected pipe fitting is compared with the shape of a theoretical pipe fitting 2, the shape deviation is obtained, and the pipe fitting is delivered after being qualified. Because the cross-sectional shape of the pipe fitting is a standard circle, the shape deviation mainly takes the spatial position deviation TD of two end points PE and a bending tangent point PT of the measured pipe fitting 1 and the theoretical pipe fitting 2 into consideration, and the diagram is shown in figure 1. Because the pipe fitting has no definite detection positioning reference point, different detection personnel have different selected positioning references when detecting the pipe fitting, and the positioning references are not uniform with the installation positioning reference of the pipe fitting, the pipe fitting which meets the deviation requirement of parts often cannot meet the installation requirement; the pipe fitting does not meet the deviation requirement of parts but can meet the installation requirement. The main analysis is as follows:
(1) positioning process during pipe fitting installation
When the pipe fitting is installed, the PE at the two ends of the pipe fitting 1 and the installation connector 3 are positioned, and then the positioning clip 4 is installed at a bending tangent point PTmax with the maximum Lmax vertical distance between the connecting lines of the PE at the two ends to complete the installation work of the pipe fitting, as shown in figure 2. During installation, the installation angle deviation AA of PE positions at two ends of the end of the pipe fitting is required to be not more than 3 degrees, and the butt joint clearance AL is not more than 0.5 mm.
(2) Positioning mode for detecting pipe fitting parts
When the shape deviation of the actual pipe fitting is detected, the optimal fitting method is commonly used, and a small part of the method uses the single-end positioning method.
The best fitting method comprises the following steps: according to the principle of the least square method, the minimum sum of squares of the distances TD between the two end points PE and the bending tangent point P of the measured pipe fitting 1 and the theoretical pipe fitting 2 is calculated, the minimum value state is used as the best fitting state, see figure 1, and then the position deviation TD of the two end points PE and the bending tangent point PT of the measured pipe fitting 1 and the theoretical pipe fitting 2 is detected. When the method is used for detecting the pipe fitting, the detection positioning reference position of the pipe fitting cannot be determined, the installation requirement of the qualified pipe fitting cannot be met, and the phenomenon of 'out-of-tolerance misjudgment' can occur
Single-end positioning method: and (3) completely coinciding one end point PE of the detected pipe fitting 1 with the theoretical pipe fitting 2, as shown in figure 3, and sequentially detecting the position deviation TD of the other end point PE and the bending tangent point PT. When the method is used for detecting the pipe fittings, the unqualified pipe fittings of most long-sized pipe fittings can be generated, but the installation requirements are met, and the phenomenon of qualified misjudgment is generated.
Therefore, no matter the pipe fitting is detected by adopting the mode of the optimal fitting method or the single-end positioning method, the installation angle deviation and the butt seam clearance of the pipe fitting are not really reflected. The invention provides the pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points mainly according to the installation and positioning conditions of the pipe fitting, so that the pipe fitting shape deviation is accurately detected, the installation technical requirements are met, and the occurrence of misjudgment is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of misjudgment of pipe fitting shape deviation caused by different positioning references, the pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points is provided according to the installation and positioning conditions of the pipe fitting, so that accurate detection of pipe fitting angle deviation and axial deviation is realized, the installation technical requirements are met, and the misjudgment phenomenon is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points is characterized in that: the method comprises a positioning method based on three mounting points, a deviation calculation method and detection requirements.
The positioning method based on the three mounting points comprises the three mounting points and a space positioning method.
The three mounting points refer to three points closely related to mounting positions: two end points PE of the pipe fitting and a bending tangent point PTmax which is the maximum Lmax away from the connecting line of the two end points PE.
The space positioning method comprises the following three steps: firstly, determining a space triangle S from three mounting points of a theoretical pipe fitting, and determining the gravity center G of the triangle S; secondly, determining a space triangle S1 from the same three mounting points of the measured pipe fitting, and determining the gravity center G1 of the triangle S; and thirdly, rotating and moving the triangle S1 to enable the triangles S and S1 to be coplanar, G to be superposed with G1, and a Line connecting two end points of the theoretical pipe fitting to be parallel to a Line connecting two end points of the measured pipe fitting to be 1, so that the measured pipe fitting and the theoretical pipe fitting are positioned based on the three mounting points.
The deviation calculation method comprises an axial deviation calculation method, a radial deviation calculation method and an angle deviation calculation method.
The axial deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by using three mounting points, the distance TL from the end point PE of the measured pipe fitting to the end face of the theoretical pipe fitting is the axial deviation, and the axial deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
The radial deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by using three mounting points, the distance TR from the end point PE of the measured pipe fitting to the central line of the end face of the theoretical pipe fitting is the radial deviation, and the radial deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
The angle deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by the three mounting points, the included angle TA between the end surface central line of the measured pipe fitting and the end surface central line of the theoretical pipe fitting is the angle deviation, and the angle deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
The detection requirements comprise detection equipment, calculation precision, calculation tools, judgment criteria and the like; the detection equipment adopts digital measurement equipment, and the measurement precision is not lower than 1/3 of the allowable deviation of the pipe fitting; the calculation accuracy is 1/100, the calculation accuracy is not lower than the allowable deviation of the pipe fitting; the calculation tool adopts a computer to calculate the deviation and can be matched with special software; the judgment criterion requires that the angle deviation TA of the end head is not greater than the mounting angle deviation AA; the tip axial deviation TL is not greater than the butt gap AL.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the pipe fitting installation requirements, the axial deviation and the angle deviation of the pipe fitting are accurately detected, the installation technical requirements are ensured to be met, the phenomenon that the qualified pipe fitting cannot meet the installation requirements by adopting the optimal fitting method is prevented, and the quality reliability and the credibility are improved.
2. According to the pipe fitting installation requirements, the axial deviation and the angle deviation of the pipe fitting are accurately detected, the installation technical requirements are ensured to be met, the phenomenon that the installation requirements can be met due to the fact that the unqualified pipe fitting is formed by adopting a single-end positioning method is prevented, the occurrence of misjudgment is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
3. The pipe fitting deviation data are decomposed into axial deviation, radial deviation and angle deviation from single position deviation, accurate description of pipe fitting appearance deviation data is achieved, and support is provided for continuous improvement of product quality and data statistical analysis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional pipe shape deviation detection.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation and positioning of the pipe fitting.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of detecting the shape deviation of the pipe fitting with single end positioning.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pipe inspection positioning based on three mounting points.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a deviation detection of a pipe based on three mounting points.
The labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises a tested pipe fitting, 2 a theoretical pipe fitting, 3 an installation joint, 4 a positioning clip.
AA. The deviation of the installation angle is caused by the deviation,
AL, axial deviation of installation
G. The space of the theoretical pipe fitting has a triangular gravity center,
g1, the gravity center of the tested pipe fitting is in a space triangle,
line, the connection Line of two end points of the theoretical pipe fitting,
line1, a connecting Line of two end points of the tested pipe,
lmax, the maximum distance between the connecting line of the two end points and the bending tangent point,
PE, the central point of the end surface of the pipe fitting,
PT, the tangent point of the bending center of the pipe fitting,
PTmax, the bending tangent point with the maximum distance from the connecting line of the two end points,
s, a space triangle determined by three mounting points of the theoretical pipe fitting,
s1, determining a space triangle by the three mounting points of the pipe to be tested,
TA, the angle deviation of the pipe fittings,
TD, the position deviation between two points of the pipe fitting,
TL, the axial deviation of the pipe fitting,
TR, tubular radial run out.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for detecting the appearance of a pipe fitting based on three mounting points comprises a positioning method based on the three mounting points, a deviation calculation method and a detection requirement. The positioning method based on the three mounting points comprises the three mounting points and a space positioning method. The three mounting points refer to three points closely related to mounting positions: two end points PE of the pipe fitting and a bending tangent point PTmax which is the maximum Lmax away from the connecting line of the two end points PE. The space positioning method comprises the following three steps: firstly, determining a space triangle S from three mounting points of a theoretical pipe fitting, and determining the gravity center G of the triangle S; secondly, determining a space triangle S1 from the same three mounting points of the measured pipe fitting, and determining the gravity center G1 of the triangle S; and thirdly, rotating and moving the triangle S1 to enable the triangles S and S1 to be coplanar, G to be superposed with G1, and a Line connecting two end points of the theoretical pipe fitting to be parallel to a Line connecting two end points of the measured pipe fitting to be 1, so that the measured pipe fitting and the theoretical pipe fitting are positioned based on the three mounting points. The deviation calculation method comprises an axial deviation calculation method, a radial deviation calculation method and an angle deviation calculation method. The axial deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by using three mounting points, the distance TL from the end point PE of the measured pipe fitting to the end face of the theoretical pipe fitting is the axial deviation, and the axial deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
The radial deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by using three mounting points, the distance TR from the end point PE of the measured pipe fitting to the central line of the end face of the theoretical pipe fitting is the radial deviation, and the radial deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way. The angle deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by the three mounting points, the included angle TA between the end surface central line of the measured pipe fitting and the end surface central line of the theoretical pipe fitting is the angle deviation, and the angle deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
The detection requirements comprise detection equipment, calculation precision, calculation tools, judgment criteria and the like; the detection equipment adopts digital measurement equipment, and the measurement precision is not lower than 1/3 of the allowable deviation of the pipe fitting; the calculation accuracy is 1/100, the calculation accuracy is not lower than the allowable deviation of the pipe fitting; the calculation tool adopts a computer to calculate the deviation and can be matched with special software; the judgment criterion requires that the angle deviation TA of the end head is not greater than the mounting angle deviation AA; the tip axial deviation TL is not greater than the butt gap AL.
According to the pipe fitting installation requirements, the axial deviation and the angle deviation of the pipe fitting are accurately detected, the installation technical requirements are ensured to be met, the phenomenon that the qualified pipe fitting cannot meet the installation requirements by adopting the optimal fitting method is prevented, and the quality reliability and the credibility are improved. According to the pipe fitting installation requirements, the axial deviation and the angle deviation of the pipe fitting are accurately detected, the installation technical requirements are ensured to be met, the phenomenon that the installation requirements can be met due to the fact that the unqualified pipe fitting is formed by adopting a single-end positioning method is prevented, the occurrence of misjudgment is reduced, and the production cost is reduced. The pipe fitting deviation data are decomposed into axial deviation, radial deviation and angle deviation from single position deviation, accurate description of pipe fitting appearance deviation data is achieved, and support is provided for continuous improvement of product quality and data statistical analysis.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, straight line segments at two ends of a certain 90-degree bent pipe are respectively 100mm and 50mm, the point space coordinates on the central line of the theoretical pipe are sequentially T1 (0, 100, 0), T2 (150, 100, 0), T3 (200, 50, 0) and T4 (200, 0, 0), the installation required angle deviation is +/-3 degrees, and the installation axial gap is 0.5 mm. When the measured pipe fitting is measured, the precision of the measuring equipment is at least 0.5/3=0.167mm, and the precision of the actual laser vector measuring equipment is 0.001mm, so that the method can be used for measuring the pipe fitting. The actual measurement coordinates of the points on the central line of the tested pipe are P1 (0.800, 59.600,125.000), P2 (90.061, 14.970,125.000), P3 (112.021, -52.889,125.000) and P4 (88.650, -97.65,125.000) in sequence.
And (3) calculating: using computer calculation, the calculation accuracy is at least 0.5/100=0.005mm, and 0.001mm is actually selected. The distance between the T2 point and the T1T4 is 55.470mm, the distance between the T3 point and the T1T4 is 41.603mm, a space triangle is formed by the T2 point, the T1 and the T3, and the gravity center of the space triangle is (100, 50 and 0). Similarly, the measured pipe fitting point P2P1P3 has a spatial triangle center of gravity (-67.024, -30.133,125.000). After translation and rotation, the two centers of gravity are superposed, the connecting lines of the two ends are parallel, and the point coordinates of the points on the central line of the tested pipe are (0.152, 99.680, 0.000), (99.944, 100.645, 0.000), (150.422, 50.258, 0.000), (150.025, -0.236 and 0.000) in sequence. And calculating the deviation of the measured pipe fitting, wherein the endpoint P1 is axially deviated by 0.152mm, the radial deviation is 0.320mm, and the angular deviation is 0.554 degrees. The tangential point P2 is axially offset by 0.056 mm, radially offset by 0.645mm and angularly offset by 0.554 °. The tangent point P3 has an axial deviation of 0.258 mm, a radial deviation of 0.422mm and an angular deviation of 0.450 degrees. The endpoint P4 is axially offset by 0.236mm, radially offset by 0.025mm, and angularly offset by 0.450 °.
And (3) detection results: the angular deviation 0.554 degree of the end head P1 is not more than 3 degrees of the installation angular deviation, and the axial deviation 0.152mm is not more than 0.5mm of the butt seam clearance; the angular deviation of the degree end P4 is not more than 3 degrees of the mounting angular deviation and the axial deviation of 0.236mm is not more than 0.5mm of the butt seam clearance; the pipe fitting is qualified.
Claims (5)
1. A pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points is characterized in that: the method comprises a positioning method, a deviation calculation method and a detection requirement based on three mounting points;
the positioning method based on three mounting points comprises three mounting points and a space positioning method;
the three mounting points refer to three points closely related to mounting positions: two end points PE of the pipe fitting and a bending tangent point Ptmax which is the maximum Lmax away from the connection line of the two end points PE;
the space positioning method comprises the following three steps: firstly, determining a space triangle S from three mounting points of a theoretical pipe fitting, and determining the gravity center G of the triangle S; secondly, determining a space triangle S1 from the same three mounting points of the measured pipe fitting, and determining the gravity center G1 of the triangle S1; thirdly, rotating and moving the triangle S1 to enable the triangles S and S1 to be coplanar, G to be superposed with G1, and a Line connecting two end points of the theoretical pipe fitting to be parallel to a Line connecting two end points of the measured pipe fitting to be 1, so that the measured pipe fitting and the theoretical pipe fitting are positioned based on three mounting points;
the deviation calculation method comprises an axial deviation calculation method, a radial deviation calculation method and an angle deviation calculation method.
2. The pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the axial deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by using three mounting points, the distance TL from the end point PE of the measured pipe fitting to the end face of the theoretical pipe fitting is the axial deviation, and the axial deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
3. The pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radial deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by using three mounting points, the distance TR from the end point PE of the measured pipe fitting to the central line of the end face of the theoretical pipe fitting is the radial deviation, and the radial deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
4. The pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the angle deviation calculation method comprises the steps that after the theoretical pipe fitting and the measured pipe fitting are positioned by the three mounting points, the included angle TA between the end surface central line of the measured pipe fitting and the end surface central line of the theoretical pipe fitting is the angle deviation, and the angle deviations of all bending tangent points of the measured pipe fitting are sequentially determined in the same way.
5. The pipe fitting shape detection method based on three mounting points as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the detection requirement comprises detection equipment, calculation precision, calculation tools and judgment criteria; the detection equipment adopts digital measurement equipment, and the measurement precision is not lower than 1/3 of the allowable deviation of the pipe fitting; the calculation accuracy is 1/100, the calculation accuracy is not lower than the allowable deviation of the pipe fitting; the calculation tool adopts a computer to calculate the deviation, and the judgment criterion requires that the angle deviation TA of the end head is not more than the installation angle deviation AA; the tip axial deviation TL is not greater than the butt gap AL.
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| CN102141393B (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-11 | 神龙汽车有限公司 | Method for detecting deviation of shaft-like part from reference gravity center line on basis of gas suspension and three-dimensional coordinate and gas suspension device |
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