CN108444211B - 一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***及工艺 - Google Patents
一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***及工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 440
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 220
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 220
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 156
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
- F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
- F25J1/021—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0258—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0263—Details of the cold heat exchange system using different types of heat exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***及工艺,该***包括预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器,预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器均内置浸泡式板翅换热器芯体;所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器中热器芯体的内部流道顺次连接形成用于流经天然气的天然气预冷通道、用于流经乙烯的乙烯预冷通道和用于流经甲烷的甲烷预冷通道。预冷段换热器的外部浸泡壳体采用卧式放置,液化段换热器的外部浸泡壳体采用立式放置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***及工艺。
背景技术
板翅式换热器目前广泛应用于中小型天然气液化领域,技术成熟。液化过程中天然气及热流冷剂通常自上而下流经换热器流道,而冷流冷剂则自下而上返流与天然气及热流冷剂换热。冷流冷剂的液相在板翅流道内压降较大,其主要依靠气相夹带作用向上流动,操作工况改变时极易发生气相无法完全夹带液相的情况,导致冷箱底部积液,影响整个液化工厂的正常运行。天然气处理规模较大时,需要多个板翅式换热器芯体串/并联,而并联工况下各换热器芯体内的流动均布问题至今未得到有效解决,而且板翅式换热器内液相流体流动对晃动工况较为敏感,应用于大型及浮式平台上的天然气液化领域,仍面临较大的技术挑战。专利号ZL201610108041.1对目前常规板翅式换热器结构进行了优化设计,开发出了一种新型板翅式换热器结构:浸泡式板翅换热器。该类型板翅式换热器对气体处理规模适应性强,可应用于大型天然气液化工厂。目前的中小型天然气液化工艺的设计主要是针对常规的板翅式换热器结构设计的,而针对新型浸泡式板翅换热器结构所设计的液化工艺比较少见。为此本发明提供一种基于浸泡式板翅换热器的天然气液化工艺。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***及工艺,该***和工艺为针对浸泡式板翅换热器的应用所设计开发。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***,其特征在于:包括预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器,所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器均内置有浸泡式板翅换热器芯体;所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器中浸泡式板翅换热器芯体的内部流道分别流经天然气、乙烯和甲烷;所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂进口与预冷冷剂缓冲罐的出口连接,所述预冷冷剂缓冲罐的进口通过压缩机后冷却器与预冷冷剂压缩机的出口连接;所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷低压换热器的冷剂进口连接;所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器、预冷低压换热器分别通过气相回流管路与所述预冷冷剂压缩机的高压段、中压段、低压段连接;所述乙烯预冷通道的出口通过乙烯省煤器与乙烯高压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述乙烯高压换热器的冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与乙烯中压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述乙烯中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述乙烯低压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述乙烯高压换热器的气相冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与乙烯压缩机的高压段连接,所述乙烯中压换热器的气相冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯压缩机的中压段连接,所述乙烯低压换热器的气相冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯压缩机的低压段连接;所述乙烯压缩机的出口通过乙烯压缩机后冷却器与所述乙烯预冷通道的进口连接;所述乙烯高压换热器、乙烯中压换热器和乙烯低压换热器均采用浸泡式板翅换热器,所述天然气预冷通道的出口与所述乙烯高压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接,所述乙烯高压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道与所述乙烯中压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接;所述乙烯中压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的出口与重烃分离器的进口连接,所述重烃分离器的一个出口用于排出重烃,另一出口与所述乙烯低压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接,所述乙烯低压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的出口通过甲烷省煤器与天然气高压气液分离器的进口连接,所述天然气高压气液分离器的液相出口与天然气中压气液分离器的进口连接,所述天然气中压气液分离器的液相出口与天然气低压气液分离器的进口连接;所述天然气高压气液分离器的气相出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与甲烷压缩机的高压段连接,所述天然气中压气液分离器的气相出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与所述甲烷压缩机的中压段连接,所述天然气低压气液分离器的气相出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与所述甲烷压缩机的低压段连接;所述甲烷压缩机的出口通过甲烷压缩机后冷却器与所述甲烷预冷通道的进口连接;所述甲烷预冷通道的出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与所述乙烯低压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接;在所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂进口与预冷冷剂缓冲罐之间、所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷低压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述乙烯预冷通道的出口与乙烯省煤器之间、所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯高压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯中压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述乙烯中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述乙烯低压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述甲烷省煤器与所述天然气高压气液分离器的进口之间、所述天然气高压气液分离器的液相出口与所述天然气中压气液分离器之间、所述天然气中压气液分离器的液相出口与所述天然气低压气液分离器之间分别设置有节流阀。
循环在所述预冷冷剂压缩机、压缩机后冷却器、预冷冷剂缓冲罐、预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器之间的冷剂为氟利昂或二氧化碳。
所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器的外部浸泡壳体均采用卧式布置方式;所述乙烯高压换热器、乙烯中压换热器和乙烯低压换热器的外部浸泡壳体均采用立式布置方式。
一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化工艺,其特征在于:a、将天然气从天然气预冷通道的进口引入,与预冷冷剂进行换热冷却;与此同时,同样与预冷冷剂进行换热的还有从乙烯预冷通道中经过的乙烯和从甲烷预冷通道经过的甲烷;在预冷冷剂的循环中,预冷冷剂首先经过预冷冷剂压缩机,而后经过压缩机后冷却器冷却液化,产生的冷剂进入预冷冷剂缓冲罐,从预冷冷剂缓冲罐出来的冷剂经过节流阀降温降压,产生的气、液两相进入预冷高压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂反流至预冷冷剂压缩机的高压段;预冷高压换热器内未气化的液相冷剂经过节流阀降温降压后进入预冷中压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至预冷冷剂压缩机的中压段;未气化的液相冷剂经节流阀降温降压后进入预冷低压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至预冷冷剂压缩机的低压段;b、天然气经过预冷后,进入液化段的乙烯高压换热器、乙烯中压换热器进一步冷却,然后进入重烃分离器脱除重烃,脱除重烃后的天然气经过乙烯低压换热器进一步冷却;在液化段的冷剂乙烯的循环中,乙烯经过预冷低压换热器冷却后,经过节流阀降温降压后,进入乙烯省煤器冷却,然后经过节流阀降温降压,进入乙烯高压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相乙烯返流至乙烯省煤器,然后进入乙烯压缩机的高压段;未气化的液相冷剂进入乙烯省煤器进一步冷却,然后经过节流阀降温降压后进入乙烯中压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气进行换热,吸热后部分气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至乙烯省煤器,然后进入乙烯压缩机的中压段;未气化的液相乙烯经过节流阀降温降压后进入乙烯低压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至乙烯省煤器,然后进入乙烯压缩机的低压段;乙烯压缩机将乙烯压缩后,再将乙烯经过乙烯压缩机后冷却器冷却后,送入预冷段的乙烯预冷通道;c、从乙烯低压换热器出来的天然气首先经过甲烷省煤器进一步冷却,然后经过节流阀节流,进入天然气高压气液分离器,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器,而后进入甲烷压缩机的高压段,液相经过节流阀节流后进入天然气中压气液分离器,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器,而后进入甲烷压缩机的中压段,液相经过节流阀节流后进入天然气低压气液分离器,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器,而后进入甲烷压缩机的低压段,液相产品进入液化天然气储罐进行存储;甲烷压缩机将甲烷压缩,再将甲烷经过甲烷压缩机后冷却器冷却后,送入预冷段的甲烷预冷通道。
本发明由于采取以上技术方案,其具有以下优点:1、本发明所提出大型天然气液化工艺使得板翅式换热器不仅可应用于中小型天然气液化工厂,也可应用于大型天然气液化领域,大幅提高了板翅式换热器应用于大型天然气液化领域的竞争力。2本发明预冷段的制冷剂工质采用氟利昂或二氧化碳,大幅增加了大型天然气液化工艺的操作安全性。3、本发明预冷段浸泡式板翅换热器芯体的外部壳体采用卧式布置,而液化段浸泡式板翅换热器芯体的外部壳体采用立式布置,布置方式灵活。4、本发明液化段冷剂(乙烯)和深冷段冷剂(甲烷)在进入循环压缩机之前,均经过各自的冷剂省煤器,充分利用气相冷剂的冷量,提高了能量利用率。5本发明深冷段冷剂(甲烷)循环设置为开环循环,提高了液化工艺的液化效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
本发明提出了一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***,包括预冷高压换热器5、预冷中压换热器8和预冷低压换热器10,预冷高压换热器5、预冷中压换热器8和预冷低压换热器10均内置有浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6。预冷高压换热器5、预冷中压换热器8和预冷低压换热器10中浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6的内部流道顺次连接形成用于流经天然气的天然气预冷通道、用于流经乙烯的乙烯预冷通道和用于流经甲烷的甲烷预冷通道。预冷高压换热器5的冷剂进口与预冷冷剂缓冲罐3的出口连接,预冷冷剂缓冲罐3的进口通过压缩机后冷却器2与预冷冷剂压缩机1的出口连接。预冷高压换热器5的冷剂出口与预冷中压换热器8的冷剂进口连接,预冷中压换热器8的冷剂出口与预冷低压换热器10的冷剂进口连接。预冷高压换热器5、预冷中压换热器8、预冷低压换热器10分别通过气相回流管路与预冷冷剂压缩机1的高压段、中压段、低压段连接。
乙烯预冷通道的出口通过乙烯省煤器14与乙烯高压换热器16的冷剂进口连接,乙烯高压换热器16的冷剂出口通过乙烯省煤器14与乙烯中压换热器17的冷剂进口连接,乙烯中压换热器17的冷剂出口与乙烯低压换热器20的冷剂进口连接,乙烯高压换热器16的气相冷剂出口通过乙烯省煤器14与乙烯压缩机11的高压段连接,乙烯中压换热器17的气相冷剂出口通过乙烯省煤器14与乙烯压缩机11的中压段连接,乙烯低压换热器20的气相冷剂出口通过乙烯省煤器14与乙烯压缩机11的低压段连接。乙烯压缩机11的出口通过乙烯压缩机11后冷却器12与乙烯预冷通道的进口连接。
乙烯高压换热器16、乙烯中压换热器17和乙烯低压换热器20均采用浸泡式板翅换热器,天然气预冷通道的出口与乙烯高压换热器16的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道连接,乙烯高压换热器16的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道与乙烯中压换热器17的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道连接。乙烯中压换热器17的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的出口与重烃分离器19的进口连接,重烃分离器19的一个出口用于排出重烃,另一出口与乙烯低压换热器20的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道连接,乙烯低压换热器20的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的出口通过甲烷省煤器22与天然气高压气液分离器24的进口连接,天然气高压气液分离器24的液相出口与天然气中压气液分离器26的进口连接,天然气中压气液分离器26的液相出口与天然气低压气液分离器28的进口连接。天然气高压气液分离器24的气相出口通过甲烷省煤器22与甲烷压缩机29的高压段连接,天然气中压气液分离器26的气相出口通过甲烷省煤器22与甲烷压缩机29的中压段连接,天然气低压气液分离器28的气相出口通过甲烷省煤器22与甲烷压缩机29的低压段连接。甲烷压缩机29的出口通过甲烷压缩机29后冷却器30与甲烷预冷通道的进口连接。甲烷预冷通道的出口通过甲烷省煤器22与乙烯低压换热器20的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道连接,使得预冷后的甲烷与乙烯低压换热器20的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道中的天然气汇合。
在预冷高压换热器5的冷剂进口与预冷冷剂缓冲罐3之间、预冷高压换热器5的冷剂出口与预冷中压换热器8的冷剂进口之间、预冷中压换热器8的冷剂出口与预冷低压换热器10的冷剂进口之间、乙烯预冷通道的出口与乙烯省煤器14之间、乙烯省煤器14与乙烯高压换热器16的冷剂进口之间、乙烯省煤器14与乙烯中压换热器17的冷剂进口之间、乙烯中压换热器17的冷剂出口与乙烯低压换热器20的冷剂进口之间、甲烷省煤器22与天然气高压气液分离器24的进口之间、天然气高压气液分离器24的液相出口与天然气中压气液分离器26之间、天然气中压气液分离器26的液相出口与天然气低压气液分离器28之间分别设置有节流阀4。
进一步地,天然气低压气液分离器28的液相出口与液化天然气储罐连接(图中未示出)。
进一步地,循环在预冷冷剂压缩机1、压缩机后冷却器、预冷冷剂缓冲罐3、预冷高压换热器5、预冷中压换热器8和预冷低压换热器10之间的冷剂为氟利昂或二氧化碳。
进一步地,预冷高压换热器5、预冷中压换热器8和预冷低压换热器10的外部浸泡壳体均采用卧式布置方式。乙烯高压换热器16、乙烯中压换热器17和乙烯低压换热器20的外部浸泡壳体均采用立式布置方式。
基于上述大型天然气液化***,本发明还提出了一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化工艺,其特征在于:
a、将天然气从天然气预冷通道的进口引入,与预冷冷剂进行换热冷却。与此同时,同样与预冷冷剂进行换热的还有从乙烯预冷通道中经过的乙烯和从甲烷预冷通道经过的甲烷。在预冷冷剂的循环中,预冷冷剂首先经过预冷冷剂压缩机1,而后经过压缩机后冷却器2冷却液化,产生的冷剂进入预冷冷剂缓冲罐3,从预冷冷剂缓冲罐3出来的冷剂经过节流阀4降温降压,产生的气、液两相进入预冷高压换热器5,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂反流至预冷冷剂压缩机1的高压段。预冷高压换热器5内未气化的液相冷剂经过节流阀4降温降压后进入预冷中压换热器8,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至预冷冷剂压缩机1的中压段。未气化的液相冷剂经节流阀4降温降压后进入预冷低压换热器10,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至预冷冷剂压缩机1的低压段。
b、天然气经过预冷后,进入液化段的乙烯高压换热器16、乙烯中压换热器17进一步冷却,然后进入重烃分离器19脱除重烃,脱除重烃后的天然气经过乙烯低压换热器20进一步冷却。在液化段的冷剂乙烯的循环中,乙烯经过预冷低压换热器10冷却后,经过节流阀4降温降压后,进入乙烯省煤器14冷却,然后经过节流阀4降温降压,进入乙烯高压换热器16,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的天然气进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相乙烯返流至乙烯省煤器14,然后进入乙烯压缩机11的高压段。未气化的液相冷剂进入乙烯省煤器14进一步冷却,然后经过节流阀4降温降压后进入乙烯中压换热器17,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的天然气进行换热,吸热后部分气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至乙烯省煤器14,然后进入乙烯压缩机11的中压段。未气化的液相乙烯经过节流阀4降温降压后进入乙烯低压换热器20,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体6内部流道的天然气换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至乙烯省煤器14,然后进入乙烯压缩机11的低压段。乙烯压缩机11将乙烯压缩后,再将乙烯经过乙烯压缩机11后冷却器12冷却后,送入预冷段的乙烯预冷通道。
c、从乙烯低压换热器20出来的天然气首先经过甲烷省煤器22进一步冷却,然后经过节流阀4节流,进入天然气高压气液分离器24,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器22,而后进入甲烷压缩机29的高压段,液相经过节流阀4节流后进入天然气中压气液分离器26,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器22,而后进入甲烷压缩机29的中压段,液相经过节流阀4节流后进入天然气低压气液分离器28,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器22,而后进入甲烷压缩机29的低压段,液相产品进入液化天然气储罐进行存储。甲烷压缩机29将甲烷压缩,再将甲烷经过甲烷压缩机29后冷却器30冷却后,送入预冷段的甲烷预冷通道。
上述各实施例仅用于说明本发明,其中方法的实施步骤等都是可以有所变化的,凡是在本发明技术方案的基础上进行的等同变换和改进,均不应排除在本发明的保护范围之外。
Claims (2)
1.一种基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***,其特征在于:包括预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器,所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器均内置浸泡式板翅换热器芯体;所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器中浸泡式板翅换热器芯体的内部流道顺次连接形成用于流经天然气的天然气预冷通道、用于流经乙烯的乙烯预冷通道和用于流经甲烷的甲烷预冷通道;所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂进口与预冷冷剂缓冲罐的出口连接,所述预冷冷剂缓冲罐的进口通过压缩机后冷却器与预冷冷剂压缩机的出口连接;所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷低压换热器的冷剂进口连接;所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器、预冷低压换热器分别通过气相回流管路与所述预冷冷剂压缩机的高压段、中压段、低压段连接;
所述乙烯预冷通道的出口通过乙烯省煤器与乙烯高压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述乙烯高压换热器的冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与乙烯中压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述乙烯中压换热器的冷剂出口与乙烯低压换热器的冷剂进口连接,所述乙烯高压换热器的气相冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与乙烯压缩机的高压段连接,所述乙烯中压换热器的气相冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯压缩机的中压段连接,所述乙烯低压换热器的气相冷剂出口通过所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯压缩机的低压段连接;所述乙烯压缩机的出口通过乙烯压缩机后冷却器与所述乙烯预冷通道的进口连接;
所述乙烯高压换热器、乙烯中压换热器和乙烯低压换热器均采用浸泡式板翅换热器,所述天然气预冷通道的出口与所述乙烯高压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接,所述乙烯高压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道与所述乙烯中压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接;所述乙烯中压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的出口与重烃分离器的进口连接,所述重烃分离器的一个出口用于排出重烃,另一出口与所述乙烯低压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接,所述乙烯低压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的出口通过甲烷省煤器与天然气高压气液分离器的进口连接,所述天然气高压气液分离器的液相出口与天然气中压气液分离器的进口连接,所述天然气中压气液分离器的液相出口与天然气低压气液分离器的进口连接;所述天然气高压气液分离器的气相出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与甲烷压缩机的高压段连接,所述天然气中压气液分离器的气相出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与所述甲烷压缩机的中压段连接,所述天然气低压气液分离器的气相出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与所述甲烷压缩机的低压段连接;所述甲烷压缩机的出口通过甲烷压缩机后冷却器与所述甲烷预冷通道的进口连接;所述甲烷预冷通道的出口通过所述甲烷省煤器与所述乙烯低压换热器的浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道连接;
在所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂进口与预冷冷剂缓冲罐之间、所述预冷高压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述预冷中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述预冷低压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述乙烯预冷通道的出口与乙烯省煤器之间、所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯高压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述乙烯省煤器与所述乙烯中压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述乙烯中压换热器的冷剂出口与所述乙烯低压换热器的冷剂进口之间、所述甲烷省煤器与所述天然气高压气液分离器的进口之间、所述天然气高压气液分离器的液相出口与所述天然气中压气液分离器之间、所述天然气中压气液分离器的液相出口与所述天然气低压气液分离器之间分别设置有节流阀;
循环在所述预冷冷剂压缩机、压缩机后冷却器、预冷冷剂缓冲罐、预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器之间的冷剂为氟利昂或二氧化碳;
所述预冷高压换热器、预冷中压换热器和预冷低压换热器的外部浸泡壳体均采用卧式布置方式;所述乙烯高压换热器、乙烯中压换热器和乙烯低压换热器的外部浸泡壳体均采用立式布置方式。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的基于板翅式换热器的大型天然气液化***而实施的天然气液化工艺,其特征在于:
a、将天然气从天然气预冷通道的进口引入,与预冷冷剂进行换热冷却;与此同时,同样与预冷冷剂进行换热的还有从乙烯预冷通道中经过的乙烯和从甲烷预冷通道经过的甲烷;在预冷冷剂的循环中,预冷冷剂首先经过预冷冷剂压缩机,而后经过压缩机后冷却器冷却液化,产生的冷剂进入预冷冷剂缓冲罐,从预冷冷剂缓冲罐出来的冷剂经过节流阀降温降压,产生的气、液两相进入预冷高压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂反流至预冷冷剂压缩机的高压段;预冷高压换热器内未气化的液相冷剂经过节流阀降温降压后进入预冷中压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至预冷冷剂压缩机的中压段;未气化的液相冷剂经节流阀降温降压后进入预冷低压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气、乙烯、甲烷进行换热,部分液相气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至预冷冷剂压缩机的低压段;
b、天然气经过预冷后,进入液化段的乙烯高压换热器、乙烯中压换热器进一步冷却,然后进入重烃分离器脱除重烃,脱除重烃后的天然气经过乙烯低压换热器进一步冷却;在液化段的冷剂乙烯的循环中,乙烯经过预冷低压换热器冷却后,经过节流阀降温降压后,进入乙烯省煤器冷却,然后经过节流阀降温降压,进入乙烯高压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气进行换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相乙烯返流至乙烯省煤器,然后进入乙烯压缩机的高压段;未气化的液相冷剂进入乙烯省煤器进一步冷却,然后经过节流阀降温降压后进入乙烯中压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气进行换热,吸热后部分气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至乙烯省煤器,然后进入乙烯压缩机的中压段;未气化的液相乙烯经过节流阀降温降压后进入乙烯低压换热器,其中的液相浸泡于浸泡式板翅换热器芯体外部,与流经浸泡式板翅换热器芯体内部流道的天然气换热,部分液相吸热气化,产生的气相冷剂返流至乙烯省煤器,然后进入乙烯压缩机的低压段;乙烯压缩机将乙烯压缩后,再将乙烯经过乙烯压缩机后冷却器冷却后,送入预冷段的乙烯预冷通道;
c、从乙烯低压换热器出来的天然气首先经过甲烷省煤器进一步冷却,然后经过节流阀节流,进入天然气高压气液分离器,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器,而后进入甲烷压缩机的高压段,液相经过节流阀节流后进入天然气中压气液分离器,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器,而后进入甲烷压缩机的中压段,液相经过节流阀节流后进入天然气低压气液分离器,分离后的气相反流至甲烷省煤器,而后进入甲烷压缩机的低压段,液相产品进入液化天然气储罐进行存储;甲烷压缩机将甲烷压缩,再将甲烷经过甲烷压缩机后冷却器冷却后,送入预冷段的甲烷预冷通道。
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KR20110062441A (ko) * | 2009-12-03 | 2011-06-10 | 한국가스공사연구개발원 | 천연가스 액화공정 및 이를 이용한 천연가스 액화시스템 |
CN102628634A (zh) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-08-08 | 中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司 | 三循环复叠式制冷天然气液化***及方法 |
CN103542692A (zh) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-01-29 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 基于缠绕管式换热器的非常规天然气液化*** |
CN102927791A (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-02-13 | 中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司 | 带预冷的双复合冷剂制冷***及方法 |
CN205593290U (zh) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-09-21 | 杨晓东 | 混合冷剂两路节流的单循环天然气液化装置 |
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