CN108441612B - Device and process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in two-phase region - Google Patents
Device and process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in two-phase region Download PDFInfo
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- CN108441612B CN108441612B CN201810261930.0A CN201810261930A CN108441612B CN 108441612 B CN108441612 B CN 108441612B CN 201810261930 A CN201810261930 A CN 201810261930A CN 108441612 B CN108441612 B CN 108441612B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in a two-phase region, and relates to a technology for refining metal surface grains. The method is that the carbon steel work piece in the two-phase region is plastically deformed to a certain degree and simultaneously is applied with ultrasonic vibration excitation to form a fine grain layer on the surface of the metal work piece; the device comprises a tool table, a muffle furnace, an ultrasonic generator, a lead, a water tank, a water pump, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a press machine frame, an upper tool head, a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply, a lower tool head device, an amplitude transformer bracket and a bolt. The invention forms a grain refinement layer with uniform size on the surface layer of the carbon steel workpiece, and improves the mechanical property of the metal workpiece.
Description
The research is funded by a key research and development project (2017GGX30129) in Shandong province and a special fund (18CX02090A) for basic scientific research service in Central colleges and universities.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for refining metal surface grains, in particular to a device and a process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in a two-phase region, wherein the device and the process are used for applying ultrasonic vibration excitation to the surface of a carbon steel workpiece while performing plastic deformation to a certain degree in an Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature range, so that a fine grain layer is formed on the surface of the metal workpiece and the stress state of the surface layer is improved.
Background
The mechanical properties of the metal material are closely related to the microstructure of the material. It is generally considered that refining grains can simultaneously improve the strength and plasticity of metal materials, and is an effective and commonly used means for strengthening mechanical properties of metals. The development of a new generation of high performance steel materials is mainly aimed at obtaining ultra-fine or moderate refinement of microstructure.
The method for refining the crystal grains on the surface of the carbon steel metal comprises various methods, mainly an ultrasonic processing method and a high-low temperature plastic deformation preparation process. Ultrasonic processing methods have a very important value in metal surface modification processes, and many different processing methods have been developed in various engineering application fields, wherein ultrasonic impact equipment widely used for directly processing metal surfaces by utilizing ultrasonic impact equipment comprises an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, a workbench, a pressurizing and feeding system and the like. The working mechanism is that an oscillating circuit is utilized to generate oscillating current and convert the oscillating current into ultrasonic frequency mechanical vibration, the amplitude is amplified through an amplitude transformer, the frequency commonly used in ultrasonic processing is 20 kHz-40 kHz, and the amplitude is generally 5-50 mu m; the mechanism of the high-low temperature plastic deformation preparation process is to introduce large strain in the deformation process, so that grains are refined, and a complete large-size block sample is obtained.
The process for refining the crystal grains by ultrasonic impact treatment has the advantages of simple equipment, simple operation and good actual application effect of engineering, and is widely applied to engineering and industrial production. Particularly the treatment of large metal structures. But the defects of the process are very obvious, and mainly comprise the following steps: after ultrasonic impact, the metal surface is subjected to great work hardening, which is a tendency of the metal member to be brittle. Secondly, due to the deformation resistance of the metal, the ultrasonic impact can only cause local plastic deformation, and the grain refinement depth is limited. The pure ultrasonic impact takes a long time to generate a grain refinement layer on the metal surface, which results in increased production cost.
As a novel plastic deformation method, the high-low temperature plastic deformation preparation process can introduce large strain in the deformation process, so that metal is effectively refined, a complete large-size block sample is obtained, and a block nano material with high strength and large plasticity can be obtained simultaneously by controlling the microstructure in the deformation process.
The literature search of the prior art finds that the Chinese invention patent 'a process for realizing grain refinement of metal surface by coupling electric pulse and ultrasonic', has the publication number of CN104531979A, and the publication date of 2015, 4 months and 22 days; the Chinese invention patent 'a high-low temperature severe plastic deformation preparation process for refined titanium alloy grains', is published under the number CN105714224A, 2016, 6 and 29 days. The two patents relate to processes for refining metal surface grains by ultrasonic impact and high and low temperature plastic deformation respectively.
At present, a method for acting plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling on the surface of carbon steel in a two-phase region to refine grains on the surface layer of the carbon steel, improve the microstructure and the stress state of the surface layer of the carbon steel and improve the mechanical property of the carbon steel is not disclosed in relevant documents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a device and a process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in a two-phase region, and aims to solve the problems that deformation and ferrite phase change processes are strengthened by ultrasonic vibration in the two-phase region (Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature region), the microstructure characteristics and the forming mechanism of ferrite phase change products under the special thermal deformation condition caused by ultrasonic vibration strengthening are analyzed, a microstructure layer with properly refined grains and uniform size is formed on the surface layer of a metal component, the mechanical property of the metal component is improved, the service life is prolonged, and the safety of the component is improved.
The invention provides a device for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in two phase regions, which comprises a tool table, a muffle furnace, an ultrasonic generator, a lead, a water tank, a water pump, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a press machine frame, an upper tool head, a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply, a lower tool head device, an amplitude transformer bracket and a bolt, wherein the muffle furnace is arranged at the bottom layer of the tool table, the ultrasonic generator is arranged at the middle layer, the water tank is arranged at the upper layer, the ultrasonic generator is connected with the amplitude transformer through the lead, the water pump is arranged at the upper end of the water tank and supplies water to the lower tool head device through the water inlet pipe, the water tank is externally connected with the water outlet pipe and collects water discharged by the lower tool head device, the tail ends of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are sleeved on a, the lower tool head device is in threaded connection with the amplitude transformer, the amplitude transformer is installed on the amplitude transformer support, a cylindrical boss is arranged at the lower end of the amplitude transformer support and matched with a positioning hole of a workbench at the lower end of the press frame, and the amplitude transformer support is fixed on the workbench at the lower end of the press frame through a bolt.
The utility model discloses a high-temperature-resistant instrument, including lower instrument head, coil, cotton and water pipe adapter of high temperature-resistant heat preservation, instrument head lower extreme has a helicitic texture down, and lower tip processing has the heat extraction hole in the instrument head down, and the heat extraction hole passes through threaded connection with the water pipe adapter, and the first mid portion winding of lower instrument has 20mm ~ 25 mm's high temperature-resistant heat preservation cotton, and the outer winding of high temperature-resistant heat preservation cotton has the coil, and the coil is connected with high frequency high voltage AC power supply, and the overhead up end processing of lower instrument has cylindrical recess to the sample is laid to the carbon steel.
The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in a two-phase region comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of heating a carbon steel sample through a muffle furnace, turning on a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply, preheating and heat preservation treatment of a lower tool head device, turning on a water pump, introducing cold water into the lower tool head device through a water inlet pipe, enabling water carrying heat to flow back to a water tank through a water outlet pipe, preventing heat from being transferred to an amplitude transformer, moving the heated carbon steel sample into a groove in the upper end face of the lower tool head device, compressing the upper tool head, enabling the carbon steel sample to generate plastic deformation, turning on an ultrasonic generator, amplifying amplitude through the amplitude transformer, and loading ultrasonic vibration treatment through the lower tool head device.
The carbon steel sample is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment comprises the following steps: the carbon steel sample is heated through a muffle furnace and then cooled to a two-phase region, namely an Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature region.
The preheating and heat preservation treatment is as follows: the coil wound outside the lower tool head device is connected with a high-frequency high-voltage alternating current power supply, the wound part of the lower tool head device generates a thermal eddy current effect to release a large amount of joule heat, and the temperature of the wound part of the lower tool head is kept in an Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature area by controlling the frequency of the alternating current.
The upper tool bit compression treatment means that: the compression speed of the upper tool head is constant speed V, so that the carbon steel sample generates plastic deformation.
The ultrasonic vibration treatment is as follows: the frequency of the ultrasonic generator was set to 20kHz, the amplitude of the ultrasonic generator was set to 5 μm, and the ultrasonic vibration was applied for 20 seconds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
the invention realizes the surface modification of carbon steel in the two-phase region plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling, rapidly improves the microstructure, refines surface layer crystal grains, obtains good matching of strength and plasticity, and achieves the effect of strengthening and toughening the surface of the material, thereby greatly improving the service life and the service safety of the carbon steel component. The plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling thinning of the surface crystal grains of the carbon steel in the two-phase region greatly reduces the processing hardening of the metal surface after the ultrasonic impact, improves the thinning depth of the crystal grains on the surface layer of the carbon steel, improves the processing quality of the carbon steel workpiece and shortens the processing time.
The main research significance of the invention is to provide a novel method for processing ultra-fine grain metal on the basis of the prior rotary extrusion, equiangular extrusion, cumulative lap-welding, inverse phase change, multidirectional deformation processing and the like, and further expand the application field of the ultrasonic vibration technology: the (ultra) refined ferrite grains with controllable depth are prepared on the surface layer of a large-size metal workpiece, and a new treatment process for realizing the ultra-fining of the metal surface layer structure is explored. The ultra-fining of the surface structure of the metal member can greatly improve the service life of the metal member.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower tool head device;
FIG. 3 shows the normal temperature structure of the sample after Q235 plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling treatment in the two-phase region;
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of a test stand;
FIG. 5 is a pictorial view of a working portion;
in the figure, 1, a tool table, 2, a muffle furnace, 3, an ultrasonic generator, 4, a lead, 5, a water tank, 6, a water pump, 7, a water inlet pipe, 8, a water outlet pipe, 9, a press machine frame, 10, an upper tool head, 11, a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply, 12, a lower tool head device, 1201, a lower tool head, 1202, a coil, 1203, high-temperature-resistant heat-preservation cotton, 1204, a water pipe adapter, 13, an amplitude transformer, 14, an amplitude transformer bracket, 15 and a bolt.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the device for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in two phase regions comprises a tool table 1, a muffle furnace 2, an ultrasonic generator 3, a lead 4, a water tank 5, a water pump 6, a water inlet pipe 7, a water outlet pipe 8, a press machine frame 9, an upper tool head 10, a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply 11, a lower tool head device 12, an amplitude transformer 13, an amplitude transformer support 14 and a bolt 15, wherein the muffle furnace 2 is arranged at the bottom layer of the tool table 1, the ultrasonic generator 3 is arranged at the middle layer, the water tank 5 is arranged at the upper layer, the ultrasonic generator 3 is connected with the amplitude transformer 13 through the lead 4, the water pump 6 is arranged at the upper end of the water tank 5, the water pump 6 supplies water to the lower tool head device 12 through the water inlet pipe 7, the water tank 5 is externally connected with 8 for collecting water discharged by the lower tool head device, an upper tool head 10 is arranged above the press machine frame 9, a lower tool head device 12 is arranged under the upper tool head 10, the lower tool head device 12 is connected with an amplitude transformer 13 through threads, the amplitude transformer 13 is arranged on an amplitude transformer support 14, a cylindrical boss is arranged at the lower end of the amplitude transformer support 14 and matched with a positioning hole of a lower end workbench of the press machine frame 9, and the amplitude transformer support 14 is fixed on the lower end workbench of the press machine frame 9 through a bolt 15.
Lower tool head device 12 includes tool head 1201 down, coil 1202, high temperature resistant heat preservation cotton 1203 and water pipe adapter 1204, tool head 1201 lower extreme has a helicitic texture down, and lower tip part processing has the heat extraction hole in lower tool head 1201, and the heat extraction hole passes through threaded connection with water pipe adapter 1204, and lower tool head 1201 mid portion twines has 20mm ~ 25 mm's high temperature resistant heat preservation cotton 1203, and high temperature resistant heat preservation cotton 1203 winds outward has coil 1202, and coil 1202 is connected with high frequency high voltage AC power supply 11, and lower tool head 1201 up end processing has cylindrical recess to the carbon steel is laid the sample.
The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in a two-phase region comprises the following steps: the test adopts Q235 common carbon structural steel, the carbon content is 0.20 percent, the structure is ferrite and pearlite, and the average size of ferrite grains is about 10 mu m. As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the Q235 sample is heated by the muffle furnace 2, then the two-phase region, namely the Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature region, is cooled, the high-frequency high-voltage alternating current power supply 11 is turned on, the coil 1202 heats the lower tool head 1201 to the Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature region, and the heated Q235 sample is moved to the middle cylindrical groove on the upper end surface of the lower tool head 1201. As shown in fig. 5, the testing machine was turned on, the compression speed of the upper tool bit 10 was set at a constant speed V, the frequency of the ultrasonic generator 3 was set at 20kHz, the amplitude of the ultrasonic generator 3 was set at 5 μm, the ultrasonic generator 3 was turned on, the horn 13 was connected via the wire 4, the horn 13 amplified the amplitude, the ultrasonic vibration was applied for 20 seconds, and the total time of the experimental processing was 30 seconds. The normal temperature structure of the Q235 sample after the plastic deformation and the ultrasonic coupling treatment in the two-phase region is shown in figure 3, the ferrite structure appearance is obviously changed in the depth of 100-150 mu m on the surface layer of the sample, the grain refinement is obvious, and the grain shape is regular and the size is uniform.
In conclusion, the device and the process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in the two-phase region are characterized in that ultrasonic vibration is used for strengthening plastic deformation and ferrite phase transformation treatment in the two-phase region, namely the temperature range of Ae 3-Ar 3, and the microstructure characteristics and the forming mechanism of the product are appropriately refined and uniform in size.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments described above without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. Carbon steel surface modification device is realized to diphase district plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling, including instrument platform (1), muffle furnace (2), supersonic generator (3), wire (4), water tank (5), water pump (6), inlet tube (7), outlet pipe (8), press frame (9), go up tool head (10), high frequency high voltage alternating current power supply (11), lower tool head device (12), become width of cloth pole (13), become width of cloth pole support (14) and bolt (15), its characterized in that: the muffle furnace (2) is arranged at the bottom layer of the tool table (1), the ultrasonic generator (3) is arranged at the middle layer, the water tank (5) is arranged at the upper layer, the ultrasonic generator (3) is connected with the amplitude transformer (13) through a lead (4), a water pump (6) is arranged at the upper end of the water tank (5), the water pump (6) supplies water for the lower tool head device (12) through a water inlet pipe (7), the water tank (5) is externally connected with a water outlet pipe (8) to collect water discharged by the lower tool head device (12), the tail end of the water pipe is sleeved on a water pipe adapter (1204), a press machine is arranged at the left side of the tool table (1), an upper tool head (10) is arranged above a press machine frame (9), the lower tool head device (12) is arranged under the upper tool head (10), the lower tool head device (12) is connected with the amplitude transformer (13) through threads, the amplitude, the lower end of the amplitude transformer support (14) is provided with a cylindrical boss which is matched with a positioning hole of a workbench at the lower end of the press machine frame (9), and the amplitude transformer support (14) is fixed on the workbench at the lower end of the press machine frame (9) through a bolt (15).
2. The device for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in the two-phase region as claimed in claim 1, wherein: lower tool head device (12) is including lower tool head (1201), coil (1202), high temperature resistant heat preservation cotton (1203) and water pipe adapter (1204), tool head (1201) lower extreme has a helicitic texture down, and lower tip processing has the heat extraction hole in lower tool head (1201), and the heat extraction hole passes through threaded connection with water pipe adapter (1204), and lower tool head (1201) mid portion twines has 20mm ~ 25 mm's high temperature resistant heat preservation cotton (1203), and high temperature resistant heat preservation cotton (1203) outer winding has coil (1202), and coil (1202) are connected with high frequency high voltage alternating current power supply (11), and lower tool head (1201) up end processing has cylindrical recess to place the carbon steel sample.
3. The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in a two-phase region comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of heating a carbon steel sample through a muffle furnace (2), turning on a high-frequency high-voltage alternating-current power supply (11), preheating and insulating a lower tool head device (12), turning on a water pump (6), introducing cold water into the lower tool head device (12) through a water inlet pipe (7), enabling water carrying heat to flow back to a water tank (5) through a water outlet pipe (8), preventing heat from being transferred to an amplitude transformer (13), moving the heated carbon steel sample into a groove in the upper end face of the lower tool head device (12), compressing an upper tool head (10), enabling the carbon steel sample to generate plastic deformation, turning on an ultrasonic generator (3), amplifying the amplitude through the amplitude transformer (13), and loading ultrasonic vibration through the lower tool head device (12).
4. The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in the two-phase region according to claim 3, wherein the surface modification process comprises the following steps: the carbon steel sample is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment comprises the following steps: the carbon steel sample is heated through a muffle furnace (2) and then cooled to a two-phase region, namely an Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature region.
5. The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in the two-phase region according to claim 3, wherein the surface modification process comprises the following steps: the preheating and heat preservation treatment is as follows: a coil (1202) wound outside the lower tool head device (12) is connected with a high-frequency high-voltage alternating current power supply (11), the wound part of the lower tool head device (12) generates a thermal eddy effect, a large amount of joule heat is released, and the temperature of the wound part of the lower tool head is kept in an Ae 3-Ar 3 temperature area by controlling the frequency of alternating current.
6. The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in the two-phase region according to claim 3, wherein the surface modification process comprises the following steps: the upper tool bit (10) is subjected to compression treatment, and the compression treatment refers to the following steps: the compression speed of the upper tool head (10) is a constant speed V, so that the carbon steel sample generates plastic deformation.
7. The process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in the two-phase region according to claim 3, wherein the surface modification process comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic vibration treatment is as follows: the frequency of the ultrasonic generator (3) was set to 20kHz, the amplitude of the ultrasonic generator (3) was set to 5 μm, and the ultrasonic vibration was applied for 20 seconds.
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| CN201810261930.0A CN108441612B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Device and process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in two-phase region |
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| CN201810261930.0A CN108441612B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Device and process for realizing carbon steel surface modification by plastic deformation and ultrasonic coupling in two-phase region |
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