CN108441414B - Device and method for testing flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate - Google Patents
Device and method for testing flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the flow characteristics of percolate in anaerobic dry fermentation, belongs to the field of fermentation, and aims to solve the problem that the flow characteristics of percolate of materials in different areas of an existing sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device cannot be accurately monitored. Comprises a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, a percolate collecting tank and a spray header, wherein a percolate reflux pipeline is arranged between the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device and the percolate collecting tank; a percolate screen is arranged below the inner cavity of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device; three layers of sampling ports, namely an upper sampling port, a middle sampling port and a bottom sampling port, are arranged in the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, and each layer of sampling port is provided with a middle liquid taking port, a spraying boundary liquid taking port and a spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port; the bottom sampling port is located below the percolate screen, and a measuring cylinder is arranged below the bottom sampling port. The invention can monitor the flowing state of the percolate from the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction and comprehensively evaluate the flowing characteristic of the percolate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fermentation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate.
Background
The agricultural wastes in China are huge, the production amount of livestock and poultry manure and crop straws respectively exceeds 38 hundred million and 9 hundred million tons, and the agricultural wastes bring heavy burden to agricultural production, rural environment and farmer life. The anaerobic fermentation mode is used for producing the biogas, which is one of important ways for treating agricultural wastes, the produced biogas can be used for generating electricity or being used for vehicle fuel after being purified, and biogas residues can be used for producing organic fertilizer, so that not only is the energy benefit increased for rural economic development, but also the resource utilization level of the agricultural wastes is improved, the environment-friendly agricultural development concept of China is met, and the sustainable development capability of agriculture is enhanced.
However, at present, the operation of biogas engineering in China is generally mainly wet anaerobic fermentation, and the outstanding problems of small waste treatment capacity, low gas production efficiency, unstable operation, large biogas slurry discharge and the like are solved, but the problems cannot be solved effectively. The research of dry anaerobic fermentation technology in developed countries such as European Union can obviously improve the treatment efficiency and the volumetric gas production rate of wastes, and the produced biogas residues can be directly used for producing organic fertilizers, reduce energy input, are anaerobic fermentation technology suitable for gas and fertilizer, and are widely focused in China. Wherein, spray-percolation is a key means for improving the dry anaerobic fermentation efficiency, is widely applied in engineering, and the reflux biogas slurry is sprayed on the surface of the material and percolates along with the gaps of the material, thereby improving the free water content and inoculum concentration of the material, enhancing the microbial reactivity and reducing the occurrence of anaerobic fermentation acid inhibition phenomenon. However, research at home and abroad mainly focuses on optimizing a spraying process, and discussing the influence of spraying frequency or spraying quantity, changing material proportion, solid content and other conditions on the yield of methane produced by dry anaerobic fermentation of biogas slurry spraying. The space-time trend of the spray liquid in the material and the reaction mechanism are not disclosed.
The improvement of the mass transfer capacity of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation is a key for promoting the methane production of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation, at present, a spray method is adopted around the improvement of mass transfer, the surface of the material is sprayed, spray liquid is percolated through the pores of the material, the position of the percolate is reached, the material is wetted, the mobility of microorganisms and fermentation substances is increased, and the mass transfer efficiency is improved. Most of the processes around spraying are focused on research, such as optimizing spraying frequency and spraying amount, and detecting physicochemical properties or microbiological properties in the spraying liquid. However, the above detection method only reflects the characteristics of the percolate, but does not characterize the flow characteristics of the spray liquid percolation process. In addition, the existing detection of the mobility of percolate is carried out only for the percolate flow of the whole material and for the collection of percolate samples, and the characteristics of the mobility of percolate in different cross-sectional areas and heights, i.e. in different areas (spaces) of the material, have not been described in any way.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for testing the flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate, which is used for solving the problem that the flow characteristics of the percolate of materials in different areas of the existing sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device cannot be accurately monitored.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for testing the flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for testing the flow characteristics of the anaerobic dry fermentation percolate comprises a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, a percolate collecting tank and a spray header, wherein a percolate reflux pipeline is arranged between the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device and the percolate collecting tank; the spray header is positioned in the middle of the upper cover of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, and a percolate screen is arranged below the inner cavity of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device; three layers of sampling ports, namely an upper sampling port, a middle sampling port and a bottom sampling port, are arranged in the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, and each layer of sampling port is provided with a middle liquid taking port, a spraying boundary liquid taking port and a spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port; the device is used for collecting percolate in the central area of the corresponding spray header; the bottom sampling port is located below the percolate screen, and a measuring cylinder is arranged below the bottom sampling port.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom sampling port comprises a bottom middle liquid taking port, a bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port and a bottom spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port which are sleeved from the center to the outer wall, and is divided into three percolation areas, and sampling pipes extend to different inner cavity areas; the measuring cylinder comprises a middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder, a spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder and a spraying boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder, wherein a bottom middle liquid taking port, a bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port and a bottom spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port are respectively connected with the middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder, the spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder and the spraying boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder, the bottom of the middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder, the bottom of the spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder and the bottom of the spraying boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder are connected with a percolate mixing pipe, and the percolate mixing pipe is communicated with the percolate collecting tank; the middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder, the spray boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder and the lower part of the spray boundary to the tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder are respectively provided with a percolate collecting measuring cylinder liquid draining switch.
As a further improvement of the invention, the percolate return pipeline is provided with an automatic control percolate return motor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the middle liquid taking port, the spraying boundary liquid taking port and the spraying boundary liquid taking port to the tank wall liquid taking port are all provided with screens.
As a further improvement of the invention, the outer wall of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device is provided with a water bath interlayer.
As a further improvement of the invention, the pore diameter of the sieve holes on the percolate sieve is 0.5-1.5cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, the height-diameter ratio of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device is 1:1-3:1.
A method for testing the flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate, comprising the following steps:
A. and (3) filling: the materials are filled into the material filling area of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device from the upper part, the upper cover is tightly covered and sealed,
B. spraying: the self-control percolate reflux motor is started at fixed time, liquid in the percolate collecting tank is sprayed to the surface of the material vertically through a percolate reflux pipeline by a spray header, and the sprayed liquid percolates to the bottom of the reaction tank through a gap on the surface of the material;
C. recording the flow of the spray liquid, the falling time and the flow rate of the first drop of spray liquid falling into the liquid taking port at each position;
D. collecting liquid at different liquid taking ports, measuring conductivity, and judging the difference of liquid mobility at different heights and cross sections according to the difference of the conductivity;
E. collecting percolate after one spraying at the bottom, and reacting the flow rate of the whole spraying process.
The existing reactor has no function of measuring the percolation quality of the spray liquid, and can not monitor the flow characteristic of the percolation liquid, and the invention is characterized in that:
(1) The upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the anaerobic dry fermentation device are all provided with sampling ports, so that the uniformity of the flowing longitudinal direction of the percolate can be evaluated, and the anaerobic dry fermentation device is sealed and air-tight when not sampling.
(2) The lower part of the percolating net is provided with three areas which are respectively used for collecting percolate from the middle area along the cross section direction of the percolating net, the edge area of the spray header and the area from the spray header to the tank wall, calculating the flow velocity, and evaluating the uniformity of the percolate flow, thereby being convenient for monitoring the percolating quality (uniformity degree).
(3) The flowing state of the percolate can be monitored longitudinally and transversely, the flowing speed and conductivity distribution of the percolate are depicted on a longitudinal surface and a transverse surface, data are summarized, and the flowing rule of the percolate in the material is simulated by a hydrodynamic method. Can be combined with fermentation indexes monitored in the fermentation process to comprehensively evaluate the flow characteristics of the percolate.
(4) The invention can pay more attention to the flow characteristic of percolate in the sequencing batch anaerobic fermentation process so as to adjust the spraying strategy, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency more directly and effectively and completing the anaerobic fermentation under the sealing condition.
(5) The device is simple, has strong operability and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an anaerobic dry fermentation percolate flow characteristics testing device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper sampling port in the anaerobic dry fermentation broth flow characteristics testing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom sampling port in an anaerobic dry fermentation broth flow characteristics testing apparatus.
The reference numerals have the following meanings: 1-sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device: 101-material filling area, 102-material filling upper limit, 103-spray header, 104-percolate screen, 105-upper middle liquid taking port, 106-upper spray boundary sampling port, 107-upper spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port, 108-middle liquid taking port, 109-middle spray boundary sampling port, 110-middle spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port, 111-bottom middle liquid taking port, 112-bottom spray boundary liquid taking port, 113-bottom spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port, 114-middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder, 115-spray boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder, 116-spray boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder, 117-percolate collecting measuring cylinder liquid discharging switch, 118-percolate mixing pipe, 119-marsh gas outlet, 120-water bath interlayer; 2-percolate collection tank: 201-a percolate storage space, 202-a percolate return pipeline and 203-a self-control percolate return motor; 3-stainless steel bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, the device for testing the flow characteristics of the anaerobic dry fermentation percolate comprises a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1, a percolate collecting tank 2 and a spray header 103, wherein a percolate return pipeline 202 is arranged between the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1 and the percolate collecting tank 2; the spray header 103 is positioned in the middle of the upper cover of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1, and a percolate screen 104 is arranged below the inner cavity of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1; three layers of sampling ports, namely an upper sampling port, a middle sampling port and a bottom sampling port, are arranged in the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1, and each layer of sampling port is provided with a middle liquid taking port, a spraying boundary liquid taking port and a spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port; the bottom sampling port is positioned below the percolate screen 104, and a measuring cylinder is arranged below the bottom sampling port.
The measuring cylinders comprise a middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder 114, a spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder 115 and a spraying boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder 116, wherein the bottom of the middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder 114, the spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder 115 and the spraying boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder 116 is connected with a percolate mixing pipe 118, and the percolate mixing pipe 118 is communicated with the percolate collecting tank 2; a percolate collecting measuring cylinder liquid discharging switch 117 is arranged below the percolate collecting measuring cylinder 114 at the middle part, the percolate collecting measuring cylinder 115 at the spraying boundary and the percolate collecting measuring cylinder 116 at the spraying boundary to the tank wall respectively. A self-control percolate reflux motor 203 is arranged on the percolate reflux pipeline 202. The outer wall of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1 is provided with a water bath interlayer 120.
The sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1 is of a vertical structure, the main body is made of transparent glass, the height-diameter ratio is 1:1-3:1, uniformly mixed materials are filled into a material filling area 101 from the upper part, the filling height does not exceed the upper material filling limit 102, the upper cover is tightly covered and sealed, a spray header 103 is positioned in the middle of the upper cover, two sides of the spray header are at a certain distance from the tank wall, a percolate screen 104 is made of stainless steel, screen holes are uniformly distributed, and the aperture of each screen hole is 0.5-1.5cm and is used for filtering percolate.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an upper sampling port, a middle sampling port has the same structure as the upper sampling port in fig. 2, and fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a bottom sampling port. The middle liquid taking port, the spraying boundary liquid taking port and the spraying boundary liquid taking port to the tank wall are all provided with screens.
Three sampling ports are respectively arranged at the upper part, the middle part and the bottom of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1, namely an upper layer middle liquid taking port 105, a middle layer middle liquid taking port 108 and a bottom layer middle liquid taking port 111, and are used for collecting percolate in the central area of the corresponding spray header 103; spray boundary liquid-taking ports (an upper spray boundary sampling port 106, a middle spray boundary sampling port 109 and a bottom spray boundary liquid-taking port 112) are used for collecting percolate from the central region of the corresponding spray header to the boundary region of the spray header; spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port (upper spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port 107, middle spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port 110, bottom spray boundary to tank wall liquid taking port 113) for collecting percolate corresponding to spray header boundary to tank wall region. Wherein, each liquid taking port is provided with a screen, large-particle materials are filtered, and only percolate is collected. The bottom middle liquid taking port 111, the bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port 112 and the bottom spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port 113 which are positioned at the bottom are respectively connected with a middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder 114, a spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder 115 and a spraying boundary to tank wall percolate collecting measuring cylinder 116, so that percolates from areas with different cross sectional areas can be collected and quantified.
The percolate collecting and measuring cylinder draining switch 117 is used for draining the quantified percolate into the percolate collecting tank 2 made of glass through the percolate mixing pipe 118, the percolate storage space 201 is used for storing the percolate, the percolate is returned to the spray header 103 through the percolate return pipeline 202 through the self-control percolate return motor 203 at regular time and quantity, and the next round of spraying is started. The biogas outlet 119 of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device 1 is connected with an air bag, and a water bath interlayer 120 is arranged outside the tank wall to heat the device.
Example 1
Corn stalk and cow dung are mixed according to the solid content of 30%, the mixing ratio is 6:4, the concentration of inoculum is 40%, and the mixture is put into a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, and the upper cover of a reaction tank is sealed. The self-control percolate reflux motor is started at fixed time, liquid in the percolate collecting tank is sprayed to the surface of the material vertically through the percolate reflux pipeline, and the sprayed liquid percolates to the bottom of the reaction tank through a gap on the surface of the material.
NaCl solution (which is used for measuring conductivity and judging the flowing state of percolate in a material area) is added into a percolate collecting tank, the concentration is 0.1 mol/L, liquid taking ports are arranged at different heights and different cross sections of an anaerobic dry fermentation device during spraying, a flowmeter is arranged at the upper part of a spray header, the percolate reflux pipeline is filled with spray liquid before spraying, and the flow rate of the spray liquid is recorded when spraying is startedq) And the time (t) when the spray liquid drops into the liquid taking ports at each position for the first time, the flow speed is [ ]v）=q/tI.e. the flow rate of the permeate to the different areas of each layer. Then, liquid (3-5 mL) is collected at different liquid taking ports, the conductivity is measured, and the difference of the liquid fluidity at different heights and cross sections is judged according to the difference of the conductivity. Finally, collecting the percolate after one spraying at the bottom (closing a spraying switch after spraying for a period of time, and standing the anaerobic dry fermentation device to ensure that the percolate is fully percolated and falls into respective corresponding areas). The flow characteristics (flow velocity, flow rate and conductivity) of the percolate flowing through different heights and cross sections after spraying are reflected, and the dynamic flow change of the percolate is reflected.
The results show that the flow rate of the region positioned in the center of the spray header is not obviously different from that of the region at the boundary of the spray header, but the flow rate and the flow rate of the region percolate from the boundary of the spray header to the outer wall of the anaerobic dry fermentation device are lower than those of the inner region. Moreover, the percolation quality from the boundary of the spray header to the outer wall area gradually becomes better from the upper part to the bottom of the anaerobic dry fermentation device, and the percolation effect of the boundary of the upper material is the worst. However, with varying spray times, the overall diafiltration quality became better.
In practical engineering, the monomer volume of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device is not too large, and is often not more than 200m 3 And the direct application of the invention is more convenient.
Claims (6)
1. The device for testing the flow characteristics of the anaerobic dry fermentation percolate comprises a sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, a percolate collecting tank and a spray header, wherein a percolate reflux pipeline is arranged between the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device and the percolate collecting tank; the spray header is positioned in the middle of the upper cover of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device, and a percolate screen is arranged below the inner cavity of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device; the method is characterized in that: three layers of sampling ports, namely an upper sampling port, a middle sampling port and a bottom sampling port, are arranged in the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device (1), and each layer of sampling port is provided with a middle liquid taking port, a spraying boundary liquid taking port and a spraying boundary to tank wall liquid taking port; the bottom sampling port is positioned below the percolate screen (104), and a measuring cylinder is arranged below the bottom sampling port; the bottom sampling port comprises a bottom middle liquid taking port (111), a bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port (112) and a bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port (113) which are sleeved from the center to the outer wall, the measuring cylinders comprise a middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder (114), a spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder (115) and a spraying boundary liquid collecting measuring cylinder (116) which are sleeved from the center to the outer wall, the bottom middle liquid taking port (111), the bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port (112) and the bottom spraying boundary liquid taking port (113) are respectively connected with the middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder (114), the spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder (115) and the spraying boundary liquid collecting measuring cylinder (116) below the tank wall, and the bottoms of the middle percolate collecting measuring cylinder (114), the spraying boundary percolate collecting measuring cylinder (115) and the spraying boundary liquid collecting measuring cylinder (116) are connected with a percolate mixing pipe (118), and the percolate mixing pipe (118) is communicated with the percolate collecting tank (2); a percolate collecting measuring cylinder (114) in the middle, a percolate collecting measuring cylinder (115) at the spraying boundary and a percolate collecting measuring cylinder (116) at the spraying boundary to the tank wall are respectively provided with a percolate collecting measuring cylinder liquid draining switch (117); the middle liquid taking port, the spraying boundary liquid taking port and the spraying boundary to the tank wall liquid taking port are all provided with screens.
2. The anaerobic dry fermentation percolate flow characteristics testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and an automatic control percolate reflux motor (203) is arranged on the percolate reflux pipeline (202).
3. The anaerobic dry fermentation percolate flow characteristics testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the outer wall of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device (1) is provided with a water bath interlayer (120).
4. A device for testing the flow characteristics of anaerobic dry fermentation percolate according to claim 3, characterized in that: the pore size of the percolate screen (104) is 0.5-1.5cm.
5. The anaerobic dry fermentation percolate flow characteristics testing device according to claim 4, wherein: the height-diameter ratio of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device (1) is 1:1-3:1.
6. A method of performing a percolate flow characteristics test with the anaerobic dry fermentation percolate flow characteristics test device according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
A. and (3) filling: the material is filled into a material filling area (101) of the sequencing batch anaerobic dry fermentation device (1) from the upper part, the upper cover is tightly covered and sealed,
B. spraying: the self-control percolate reflux motor is started at fixed time, liquid in the percolate collecting tank is sprayed to the surface of the material vertically through a percolate reflux pipeline by a spray header, and the sprayed liquid percolates to the bottom of the reaction tank through a gap on the surface of the material;
C. recording the flow of the spray liquid, the falling time and the flow rate of the first drop of spray liquid falling into the liquid taking port at each position;
D. collecting liquid at different liquid taking ports, measuring conductivity, and judging the difference of liquid mobility at different heights and cross sections according to the difference of the conductivity;
E. collecting percolate after one spraying at the bottom, and reacting the flow rate of the whole spraying process.
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| CN110468045A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-19 | 农业农村部规划设计研究院 | A kind of preaeration heating batch-type anaerobic dry fermentation apparatus and method |
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