CN108432386A - 一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法及其检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及土壤盐渍处理技术领域,特别是一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法及其检测方法.盐渍化土壤进行翻耕,翻耕深度30‑40cm,翻耕表层内施入改良剂,改良剂的施用量为400kg/亩,改良剂由磷石膏、腐植酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌和硫酸锰的一种或几种组成;通过改良剂产生离子交换降低盐渍化土壤中离子含量,恢复土壤性能。每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150‑200m3,水量分多次灌入淋洗。水量均匀分三次灌入使得盐分离子淋洗深度达到80cm以上,淋洗深度有效覆盖植物根系,降低土壤盐分离子的影响,分次淋洗中上一次淋洗为下一次淋洗提供更优反应环境,与一次灌入淋洗相比,淋洗深度和效果提升30‑50%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及土壤盐渍处理技术领域,特别是一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法及其检测方法。
背景技术
盐渍化土壤由于高盐分含量而危害作物正常生长。为了减轻盐分对作物的胁迫,土壤淋洗是一个物理和化学过程,能够实现危险物质的分离、隔离、体积减少和危险物质的无害化转变。土壤淋洗是通过灌水方法,把土壤中过多的可溶性盐分淋洗出去或压至底层,以降低耕层土壤盐分含量,达到作物正常生长的要求。
由于盐渍化土壤盐分离子的分布具有高度的空间变异性。在同一地块,盐分的区域分布也存在较大差异,盐分的不规则分布无法用肉眼观察。很难保证有效土壤淋洗效果。不仅易造成水资源的浪费,而且淋洗效果也会大幅降低。
发明内容
本发明解决现有技术不足提供一种淋洗效果好、节约省水的盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法及其检测方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案为:
一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,包括如下步骤:
a、将盐渍化土壤进行翻耕,翻耕深度30-40cm,翻耕层内施入改良剂,改良剂的施用量为400kg/亩,改良剂由磷石膏、腐植酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌和硫酸锰的一种或几种组成;
b、每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150-200m3,水量分多次灌入淋洗。
所述步骤a中改良剂由如下重量份配制而成:磷石膏60-100份、腐植酸铵10-40份、硫酸亚铁10-20份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份。
所述步骤a中改良剂由如下重量份配制而成:磷石膏60份、腐植酸铵30份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份。
所述步骤b中每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150m3,水量均匀分三次灌入淋洗。
所述步骤b中将大田中深100cm盐渍化土壤移入盆式实验皿。
一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐的检测方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、淋洗前后盐分离子含量测定
水分灌入前后在同一地块分别取不同深度土层,不同深度土层为0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm、60-80cm、80-100cm的土样,测定土样中盐分离子中CO3 2-、HCO3 -、Cl-、SO4 2-、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+等8种盐分离子含量,各离子含量的单位为百分含量%;
S2、不同深度的洗盐指数测定
用Bi—表示土壤剖面i 离子淋洗前的实测含量;用Ai—表示土壤剖面i 离子淋洗后的实测含量;Si—表示土壤剖面盐分离子中i 离子的单项洗盐指数;
Si=Ai/Bi,Si<1时,判断为洗盐有效;Si≥1时,判断为洗盐无效;
S3、综合洗盐指数测定
淋洗对土壤各盐分离子的作用,淋洗后盐分离子浓度变化最小的离子对淋洗效果的影响,其计算公式为:S综 = {[(Smin)2+(Save)2]/2}0.5, S综为综合洗盐指数,Smin为参加评价的盐分离子中单项洗盐指数的最小值,Save为土壤盐分离子中单项洗盐指数的平均值;S综<1时,判断为综合洗盐有效;S综≥1时,判断为综合洗盐无效。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,盐渍化土壤进行翻耕,翻耕深度30-40cm,翻耕表层内施入改良剂,改良剂的施用量为400kg/亩,改良剂由磷石膏、腐植酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌和硫酸锰的一种或几种组成;通过改良剂产生离子交换降低盐渍化土壤中离子含量,恢复土壤性能。
2、每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150-200m3,水量分多次灌入淋洗。通过多次灌入可以增加淋洗深度,提升洗盐效果较好。每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150m3,水量均匀分三次灌入淋洗。水量均匀分三次灌入使得淋洗深度达到80cm以上,淋洗深度有效覆盖植物根系,降低土壤盐分离子的影响,分次淋洗中上一次淋洗为下一次淋洗提供更优反应环境,与一次灌入淋洗相比,淋洗深度和效果提升30-50%。
3、步骤b中将大田中深100cm盐渍化土壤移入盆式实验皿。可以分别使用大田和实验室环境,有效监测淋洗效果,测试数据更佳精准。同时具有更好的适应性。
本发明提供一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐效果检测的方法,具有操作简单。大田和实验室均可适用。避免了盐渍化土壤盐分分布不均匀选择对照难的问题,为盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐效果评价提供了新思路和新方法。单项洗盐指数和综合洗盐指数对其效果进行评价,单项洗盐指数对8大离子中的每一个离子效果进行评价,综合洗盐指数对灌溉洗盐效果进行综合评价,具有一定的实用性、创造性和科学性,推广前景广阔。改变了原有测定方法中试验处理步骤多、工量大、对照难、误差大等问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明淋洗中总盐离子量变化图;
图2为本发明淋洗中各盐离子量变化图Ⅰ;
图3为本发明淋洗中各盐离子量变化图Ⅱ。
具体实施方式
一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,包括如下步骤:
a、将盐渍化土壤进行翻耕,翻耕深度30-40cm,翻耕表层内施入改良剂,改良剂的施用量为400kg/亩,改良剂由磷石膏、腐植酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌和硫酸锰的一种或几种组成;
b、每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150-200m3,水量分多次灌入淋洗。
所述步骤a中改良剂由如下重量份配制而成:磷石膏60-100份、腐植酸铵10-40份、硫酸亚铁10-20份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份。
优选的所述步骤a中改良剂由如下重量份配制而成:磷石膏60份、腐植酸铵30份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份。
优选的所述步骤b中每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150m3,水量均匀分三次灌入淋洗。
所述步骤b中将大田中深100cm盐渍化土壤移入盆式实验皿。
一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐的检测方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、淋洗前后盐分离子含量测定
水分灌入前后在同一地块分别取不同深度土层,不同深度土层为0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm、60-80cm、80-100cm的土样,测定土样中盐分离子中CO3 2-、HCO3 -、Cl-、SO4 2-、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+等8种盐分离子含量,各离子含量的单位为百分含量%;
S2、不同深度的洗盐指数测定
用Bi—表示土壤剖面i 离子淋洗前的实测含量;用Ai—表示土壤剖面i 离子淋洗后的实测含量;Si—表示土壤剖面盐分离子中i 离子的单项洗盐指数;
Si=Ai/Bi,Si<1时,判断为洗盐有效;Si≥1时,判断为洗盐无效;
S3、综合洗盐指数测定
淋洗对土壤各盐分离子的作用,淋洗后盐分离子浓度变化最小的离子对淋洗效果的影响,其计算公式为:S综 = {[(Smin)2+(Save)2]/2}0.5, S综为综合洗盐指数,Smin为参加评价的盐分离子中单项洗盐指数的最小值,Save为土壤盐分离子中单项洗盐指数的平均值;S综<1时,判断为综合洗盐有效;S综≥1时,判断为综合洗盐无效。
对比实验:
按如下配方进行对比实验:
配方D1:磷石膏90份、腐植酸铵10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D2:磷石膏90份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D3:磷石膏80份、腐植酸铵10份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D4:磷石膏80份、腐植酸铵20份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D5:磷石膏70份、腐植酸铵20份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D6:磷石膏70份、腐植酸铵30份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D7:磷石膏60份、腐植酸铵30份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D8:磷石膏60份、腐植酸铵40份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份;
配方D9:磷石膏100%;
配方D10:CK(不施入任何改良剂,对照实验)。
图1和图2中具体数据如下表所示,结果表明:只有Na+ 的单项洗盐指数在0-120cm土层范围内都小于1;K+ 的单项洗盐指数在0-10cm土层小于1,在10-40cm土层大于1;Cl-的单项洗盐指数在0-60cm土层小于1,在60-100cm土层大于1;其余HCO3 -、SO4 2-、Ca2+、Mg2+、CO3 2-情况较为复杂,在不同土层单项洗盐指数没有明显的规律性。从综合洗盐指数来看,0-60cm土层综合洗盐指数均小于1,60-120cm土层综合洗盐指数均大于1。这说明灌溉洗盐后把表层0-60cm土层的盐分淋洗在60cm以下土层。配方D7为最优配方,总盐离子量淋洗效果最优。
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Claims (6)
1.一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a、将盐渍化土壤进行翻耕,翻耕深度30-40cm,翻耕表层内施入改良剂,改良剂的施用量为400kg/亩,改良剂由磷石膏、腐植酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锌和硫酸锰的一种或几种组成;
b、每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150-200m3,水量分多次灌入淋洗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,其特征在于所述步骤a中改良剂由如下重量份配制而成:磷石膏60-100份、腐植酸铵10-40份、硫酸亚铁10-20份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,其特征在于所述步骤a中改良剂由如下重量份配制而成:磷石膏60份、腐植酸铵30份、硫酸亚铁10份、硫酸锌0.3份、硫酸锰0.2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,其特征在于所述步骤b中每亩盐渍化土壤中灌水量150m3,水量均匀分三次灌入淋洗。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐方法,其特征在于所述步骤b中将大田中深100cm盐渍化土壤移入盆式实验皿。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种盐渍化土壤灌溉洗盐的检测方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
S1、淋洗前后盐分离子含量测定
水分灌入前后在同一地块分别取不同深度土层,不同深度土层为0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm、60-80cm、80-100cm的土样,测定土样中盐分离子中CO3 2-、HCO3 -、Cl-、SO4 2-、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+等8种盐分离子含量,各离子含量的单位为百分含量%;
S2、不同深度的洗盐指数测定
用Bi—表示土壤剖面i 离子淋洗前的实测含量;用Ai—表示土壤剖面i 离子淋洗后的实测含量;Si—表示土壤剖面盐分离子中i 离子的单项洗盐指数;
Si=Ai/Bi,Si<1时,判断为洗盐有效;Si≥1时,判断为洗盐无效;
S3、综合洗盐指数测定
淋洗对土壤各盐分离子的作用,淋洗后盐分离子浓度变化最小的离子对淋洗效果的影响,其计算公式为:S综 = {[(Smin)2+(Save)2]/2}0.5, S综为综合洗盐指数,Smin为参加评价的盐分离子中单项洗盐指数的最小值,Save为土壤盐分离子中单项洗盐指数的平均值;S综<1时,判断为综合洗盐有效;S综≥1时,判断为综合洗盐无效。
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