CN108426698B - Testing device and testing method for simulating and observing starting of viscous sediment - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for simulating and observing starting of viscous sediment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device for simulating and observing the start of viscous silt and a test method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a test device for simulating and observing the starting of viscous sediment and a test method thereof.
Background
The viscous sediment widely exists in rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and coastal water bodies, has stronger electrochemical properties due to smaller particle size, can flocculate under the action of Brownian motion, differential settlement and water flow turbulence, changes the existing form of viscous sediment particles, and enables the viscous sediment particles to exist in a form of floccules or a floccule net, so that the starting of the viscous sediment is greatly different from the starting of coarse-particle sediment, and the viscous sediment is not only related to the duration of consolidation and the environment, but also influenced by the existing mode of the viscous sediment particles, physicochemical properties among the particles and other factors.
At present, on the research of starting viscous sediment, not only a manual sediment laying method is adopted in a rectangular glass pipeline, but also field sampling is adopted to research undisturbed soil, however, the difference between the manual sediment laying method and natural sediment falling is larger, the latter is influenced by the sampling position and soil disturbance, the sampling difference is larger, test data is disordered, and the research result of regularity is difficult to obtain. In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a test apparatus that is effective, convenient, and that simulates and observes the onset of a viscous mud, with little disturbance and human influence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for simulating and observing the starting of viscous sediment and a test method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of difference from natural silt falling and large artificial influence in the conventional viscous sediment starting test research.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a simulation and test device of surveing start of viscidity silt, includes annular water tank main part, base, rotary power and operating system, velocity of flow measurement system, sampling device and image observation system, the annular water tank main part is arranged in on the base, rotary power and operating system fix on the base right side, velocity of flow measurement system and sampling device fix on annular water tank main part outer wall, the left side at the base is fixed to the image observation system.
The annular water tank main body is made of organic glass materials and comprises an outer wall, an inner wall and a bottom plate, and the circle centers of the outer wall and the inner wall are superposed and fixed on the bottom plate; 4 drainage sand discharge holes are uniformly distributed on the bottom plate.
The rotary power and lifting system comprises a motor, a steel component, a rotary rod, an adjustable fixing clamp, a shear ring and a supporting platform; the motor is placed on the supporting platform, a rotating rod is connected below the motor, an upper adjustable fixing clamp and a lower adjustable fixing clamp are arranged on the rotating rod, and the adjustable fixing clamps are connected with the shear rings through steel members; the supporting platform is connected with the fixed platform through a steel member, and the fixed platform is arranged on the base.
The flow velocity measuring system comprises a vertical fixing rod, a horizontal fixing rod, an adjustable fixing clamp and a flow velocity meter; the vertical fixing rod is installed on the outer wall of the annular water tank, the horizontal fixing rod is fixed on the vertical fixing rod, and the flow rate meter is connected to the horizontal fixing rod through a four-direction adjustable fixing clamp.
The sampling device is arranged on the outer wall of the annular water tank and comprises a sampling tube and a control valve.
The image observation system comprises a macro lens, a high-resolution camera, a transmission line, a computer, a tripod, a laser light source and a laser beam and is arranged on the left side of the annular water tank; the micro-lens is arranged on a high-resolution camera, the high-resolution camera is connected to a computer through a transmission line, and a tripod is arranged at the lower part of the high-resolution camera and fixed on the base.
A test method of a test device for simulating and observing the start of viscous sediment comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the collected sediment sample in an annular water tank with higher water flow velocity to enable the sediment sample to be uniformly distributed, and simultaneously adjusting the salinity, the pH value and the like of the water body to accord with the environment of the sample;
(2) Adjusting a four-way adjustable fixing clamp of the flow velocity measurement system to enable a flow velocity meter to be located at a position of 0.6H, wherein H is water depth, and controlling the flow velocity of water flow to an actual environment value through a motor according to the reading of the flow velocity meter to enable viscous silt particles to flocculate and settle in the annular groove;
(3) At certain intervals, opening each control valve of the sampling pipe in sequence, sampling respectively, measuring the turbidity of the water body, considering that the flocculation and sedimentation of the viscous silt reach a balance state when the turbidity changes little in the previous and subsequent times, and stopping the rotation of the shear ring;
(4) According to test requirements, after the annular water body is kept still for a period of time, a laser light source is turned on to form laser beams to irradiate the surface of the deposited viscous sediment, and a flow meter is adjusted to a position about 3cm above the surface of the viscous sediment;
(5) The control motor gradually increases the flow velocity of water flow, records the flow velocity value, opens each control valve of the sampling tube at intervals of fixed time to sample, records the movement process of the silt of the sticky silt bed surface by using the high-resolution camera, and transmits image data to the computer to analyze the starting time and the starting mode of the sticky silt.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: (1) The annular water tank, the rotary power and the lifting system are adopted to generate moving water flow, a water pump and a water return device are not needed, test equipment can be effectively reduced, and the cost and the complexity of test operation can be effectively reduced on the premise of meeting a set target; (2) The viscous sediment bed surface is directly generated by replaying the flocculation and sedimentation process of the viscous sediment in the annular water tank, and the standing time is used as the consolidation duration, so that the method is closer to the natural sedimentation and consolidation process of the viscous sediment, and the influence of manual disturbance can be reduced; (3) The system can directly observe the starting condition of the viscous sediment on the underwater bed surface and has the advantages of quantification, objectivity and intuition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the test apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the test apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a ring-shaped sink body.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the technical solution of the present invention:
the utility model provides a simulation and test device of surveing start of viscidity silt, includes annular water tank main part, base, rotary power and operating system, velocity of flow measurement system, sampling device and image observation system, the annular water tank main part is arranged in on base 4, rotary power and operating system fix on base 4 right side, velocity of flow measurement system and sampling device fix on annular water tank main part outer wall 1, the left side at base 4 is fixed to the image observation system.
The annular water tank main body is made of organic glass materials and comprises an outer wall 1, an inner wall 2 and a bottom plate 3, and the circle centers of the outer wall 1 and the inner wall 2 are overlapped and fixed on the bottom plate 3; 4 water and sand draining holes 19 are uniformly distributed on the bottom plate 3.
The rotary power and lifting system comprises a motor 5, a steel component, a rotary rod 7, an adjustable fixing clamp 8, a shear ring 9 and a supporting platform 6; the motor 5 is placed on the supporting platform 6, a rotating rod 7 is connected below the motor 5, an upper adjustable fixing clamp 8 and a lower adjustable fixing clamp 8 are arranged on the rotating rod 7, and the adjustable fixing clamps 8 are connected with a shear ring 9 through steel members; the supporting platform 6 is connected with a fixed platform 20, and the fixed platform 20 is arranged on the base.
The flow velocity measuring system comprises a vertical fixing rod 21, a horizontal fixing rod 22, an adjustable fixing clamp 23 and a flow velocity meter 24; the vertical fixing rod 21 is installed on the outer wall 1 of the annular water tank, the horizontal fixing rod 22 is fixed on the vertical fixing rod 21, and the current meter 24 is connected to the horizontal fixing rod 22 through a four-direction adjustable fixing clamp 23.
The sampling device is arranged on the outer wall 1 of the annular water tank and comprises a sampling pipe 10 and a control valve 11.
The image observation system comprises a macro lens 12, a high-resolution camera 13, a transmission line 14, a computer 15, a tripod 16, a laser light source 17 and a laser beam 18, and is arranged on the left side of the annular water tank; the macro lens 12 is mounted on a high resolution camera 13, the high resolution camera 13 is connected to a computer 15 through a transmission line 14, and a tripod 16 is arranged at the lower part of the high resolution camera 13 and fixed on the base 4.
A test method of a test device for simulating and observing the start of viscous sediment comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the collected silt sample in an annular water tank with higher water flow velocity to enable the silt sample to be uniformly distributed, and simultaneously adjusting the salinity, the pH value and the like of the water body to accord with the environment of the sample;
(2) Adjusting a four-way adjustable fixing clamp of the flow velocity measurement system to enable a flow velocity meter to be located at a position of 0.6H, wherein H is water depth, and controlling the flow velocity of water flow to an actual environment value through a motor according to the reading of the flow velocity meter to enable viscous silt particles to flocculate and settle in the annular groove;
(3) At certain intervals, opening each control valve of the sampling pipe in sequence, sampling respectively, measuring the turbidity of the water body, considering that the flocculation and sedimentation of the viscous silt reach a balance state when the turbidity changes little in the previous and subsequent times, and stopping the rotation of the shear ring;
(4) According to test requirements, after the annular water body is kept still for a period of time, a laser light source is turned on to form laser beams to irradiate the surface of the deposited viscous sediment, and a flow meter is adjusted to a position about 3cm above the surface of the viscous sediment;
(5) The control motor gradually increases the flow velocity of water flow, records the flow velocity value, opens each control valve of the sampling tube at intervals of fixed time to sample, records the movement process of the silt of the sticky silt bed surface by using the high-resolution camera, and transmits image data to the computer to analyze the starting time and the starting mode of the sticky silt.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A test method for simulating and observing the starting of viscous sediment is characterized by comprising a test device for simulating and observing the starting of the viscous sediment, wherein the test device comprises an annular water tank main body, a base, a rotary power and lifting system, a flow velocity measuring system, a sampling device and an image observation system;
the annular water tank main body is made of organic glass materials and comprises an outer wall, an inner wall and a bottom plate, and the circle centers of the outer wall and the inner wall are superposed and fixed on the bottom plate; 4 water and sand draining holes are uniformly distributed on the bottom plate;
the rotary power and lifting system comprises a motor, a steel component, a rotary rod, an adjustable fixing clamp, a shear ring and a supporting platform; the motor is placed on the supporting platform, a rotating rod is connected below the motor, an upper adjustable fixing clamp and a lower adjustable fixing clamp are arranged on the rotating rod, and the adjustable fixing clamps are connected with the shear rings through steel members; the supporting platform is connected with the fixed platform through a steel member, and the fixed platform is arranged on the base;
the flow velocity measuring system comprises a vertical fixing rod, a horizontal fixing rod, an adjustable fixing clamp and a flow velocity meter; the vertical fixing rod is installed on the outer wall of the annular water tank, the horizontal fixing rod is fixed on the vertical fixing rod, and the current meter is connected to the horizontal fixing rod through a four-direction adjustable fixing clamp;
the sampling device is arranged on the outer wall of the annular water tank and comprises a sampling pipe and a control valve;
the image observation system comprises a macro lens, a high-resolution camera, a transmission line, a computer, a tripod, a laser light source and a laser beam and is arranged on the left side of the annular water tank; the micro-lens is arranged on a high-resolution camera, the high-resolution camera is connected to a computer through a transmission line, and a tripod is arranged at the lower part of the high-resolution camera and fixed on the base;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the collected sediment sample in an annular water tank with higher water flow velocity to enable the sediment sample to be uniformly distributed, and simultaneously adjusting the salinity and the pH value of the water body to accord with the environment of the sample;
(2) Adjusting a four-way adjustable fixing clamp of the flow velocity measurement system to enable a flow velocity meter to be located at a position of 0.6H, wherein H is water depth, and controlling the flow velocity of water flow to an actual environment value through a motor according to the reading of the flow velocity meter to enable the viscous sediment particles to flocculate and settle in the annular groove;
(3) At certain intervals, opening each control valve of the sampling pipe in sequence, sampling respectively, measuring the turbidity of the water body, considering that the flocculation and sedimentation of the viscous silt reach a balance state when the turbidity changes little in the previous and subsequent times, and stopping the rotation of the shear ring;
(4) According to the test requirement, after the annular groove water body is kept stand for a period of time, a laser light source is turned on to form a laser beam to irradiate the surface of the deposited viscous sediment, and a flow meter is adjusted to a position about 3cm above the surface of the viscous sediment;
(5) The control motor gradually increases the flow velocity of water flow, records the flow velocity value, opens each control valve of the sampling tube at intervals of fixed time to sample, records the movement process of the silt of the sticky silt bed surface by using the high-resolution camera, and transmits image data to the computer to analyze the starting time and the starting mode of the sticky silt.
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| CN110220670B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-12-10 | 河海大学 | Open-air silt motion test device of not disturbing bed surface state |
| CN114046961A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-02-15 | 浙江大学 | Sediment erosion testing system based on digital imaging technology |
| CN114136824B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-07-05 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Soil erosion test device and method |
| CN114563160B (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江大学 | Observation device and method for suspended sediment deposition structure in decelerated turbidity current |
| CN114739629B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-01-17 | 武汉大学 | Sediment starting flow velocity measuring device |
| CN114859073B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-05-02 | 武汉大学 | Sediment starting induction device |
| CN117368029B (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-03-08 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Test device and method for automatically obtaining erosion coefficient of earth-rock dam body material |
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| US11067475B2 (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2021-07-20 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Bedload transport methodology and method of use |
| CN203259440U (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-10-30 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Experimental device for small indoor ecological comprehensive system |
| CN103869048A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-06-18 | 上海大学 | Annular water tank device for simulating sediment pollutant resuspension release |
| CN205317446U (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-15 | 武汉大学 | Survey silt start motion and measurement incipient velocity's model test device |
| CN107574786B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2023-01-24 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Experimental device and method for simulating influence of exogenous pollutants on mud and sand starting and sedimentation |
| CN208239051U (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-12-14 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | A kind of experimental rig of simulation and observation Cohesive Sediment starting |
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