CN108422158B - Machining method for brake drum - Google Patents

Machining method for brake drum Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108422158B
CN108422158B CN201810194879.6A CN201810194879A CN108422158B CN 108422158 B CN108422158 B CN 108422158B CN 201810194879 A CN201810194879 A CN 201810194879A CN 108422158 B CN108422158 B CN 108422158B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
brake drum
drilling
chuck
tool
jaw
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CN201810194879.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108422158A (en
Inventor
谢小忠
李忠文
卢培贵
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Hubei Yuancheng Auto Parts Co ltd
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Jiangxi Jiuwang Auto Parts Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810194879.6A priority Critical patent/CN108422158B/en
Publication of CN108422158A publication Critical patent/CN108422158A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/16—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving radially
    • B23B31/16083—Jaws movement actuated by gears and racks
    • B23B31/16087—Details of the jaws
    • B23B31/16091—Form of the jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/10—Auxiliary devices, e.g. bolsters, extension members
    • B23Q3/105—Auxiliary supporting devices independent of the machine tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2235/00—Turning of brake discs, drums or hubs
    • B23B2235/12—Machining of brake drums

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a brake drum machining method which comprises the following steps: s1: turning, namely performing rough turning and finish turning by adopting a positioning anti-sinking device; s2: and (4) drilling, namely, drilling and fixing devices are adopted, a tool is adopted inside the drilling and fixing device to be matched with a chuck, an ejector rod is adopted outside the drilling and fixing device to fix a brake drum, and numerical control drilling is carried out. The brake drum machining operation is simple, the machining precision is improved, the brake drum turning machining precision is high, and the drilling position is accurate and high in precision.

Description

Machining method for brake drum
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining, and particularly relates to a brake drum machining method.
Background
At present, in the process of machining a brake drum, a vertical numerically controlled lathe is adopted, the brake drum is fixed through a hydraulic clamping jaw, and then rough turning and finish turning are carried out through a cutter, but on one hand, the existing mechanism for fixing the brake drum only depends on the hydraulic clamping jaw to clamp tightly, so that a friction force is generated to maintain the brake drum not to move up and down, an independent device is not provided to further prevent the brake drum from shifting up and down, when the cutter is machined from top to bottom, a downward pressure is always generated, and when the friction force of the contact surface of the outer wall of the brake drum and the clamping jaw is not enough to counteract the pressure, the brake drum can sink or partially shift, so that a machining datum line is inaccurate to generate a machining error; in addition, the clamping force required by the clamping jaws during rough turning and finish turning is not distinguished in the conventional machining method and device, and the brake drum is clamped by a larger clamping force during finish turning, so that the cylindricity and circular runout of each part of the brake drum during machining are further increased, and the product cannot meet the requirement on good efficiency and quality in the brake drum machining process.
In a traditional brake drum drilling process, a chuck is used for clamping a cylindrical brake drum body of a brake drum, and then the brake drum is drilled from the upper part. The processing precision of the cylindrical drum body of the brake drum is difficult to guarantee, positioning and punching are carried out according to the drum body, error accumulation can be caused, and the processing precision is influenced; in the punching process, the brake drum is not firmly fixed, so that the size precision of the hole is influenced; when a drilling bit and a brake drum are just contacted, the brake drum is easy to jump, and the machining precision is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a brake drum machining method which has the advantage of good machining precision.
A brake drum machining method comprising the steps of:
s1: turning, namely performing rough turning and finish turning by adopting a positioning anti-sinking device;
s2: and (4) drilling, namely, drilling and fixing devices are adopted, a tool is adopted inside the drilling and fixing device to be matched with a chuck, an ejector rod is adopted outside the drilling and fixing device to fix a brake drum, and numerical control drilling is carried out.
Step S1, lathing, wherein the adopted positioning anti-sinking device is arranged on a workbench of a vertical lathe, two groups of jaws which are symmetrically arranged are arranged on the workbench and comprise at least two groups of anti-sinking mechanisms, and each anti-sinking mechanism comprises a base, a height adjusting part, a length adjusting part and a supporting part; the supporting part is arranged at one end of the length adjusting part close to the center of the workbench, the opposite other end of the length adjusting part is connected with the upper end of the height adjusting part, and the lower end of the height adjusting part is connected with the base; the length adjusting part is arranged from one end connected with the height adjusting part to one end connected with the supporting part in an inclined way from low to high.
Preferably, the lower part of the base is connected with the upper end surface of the workbench through a rail, and the rail is arranged along the radial direction of the workbench.
Preferably, the length adjustment part is further provided with an inclination angle adjustment mechanism, and the inclination angle of the length adjustment part is 30 to 80 degrees, more preferably 45 degrees.
Preferably, the height adjusting part and the length adjusting part both adopt a screw rod, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder.
Preferably, a rotating head part is further arranged at one end of the supporting part far away from the length adjusting part, an inclined working surface is arranged at one end of the rotating head part far away from the supporting part, and a plurality of convex parts are further arranged on the working surface.
Preferably, three groups of anti-sinking mechanisms are arranged on the workbench, and included angles between every two three groups of anti-sinking mechanisms are 120 degrees.
The positioning anti-sinking device for turning further comprises a clamping jaw tightness adjusting mechanism, wherein the clamping jaw tightness adjusting mechanism at least comprises a high gear and a low gear which are used for adjusting the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, the working pressure range of the hydraulic cylinder at the high gear is 1.5MPa to 3MPa, and the working pressure range of the hydraulic cylinder at the low gear is 0.8MPa to 1.2 MPa.
Step S1, turning, including the steps of:
a: adjusting the height and length of the anti-sinking mechanism and the angle of the rotating head according to the size of the brake drum to be processed;
b: when the brake drum is roughly turned, the working pressure of the claw hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to a high gear, namely 1.5MPa to 3 MPa;
c: when the brake drum is subjected to finish turning, the working pressure of the jaw hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to a low gear, and the working pressure is 0.8MPa to 1.2 MPa;
d: and after the machining is finished, adjusting the anti-sinking mechanism to an initial position.
Step S2, drilling, wherein the adopted drilling fixing device comprises an internal positioning device and an external positioning device; the internal positioning device comprises a chuck and a tool, the chuck is fixed on the table board and is provided with a jaw, the jaw is connected with the chuck and supported by the chuck, the jaw is driven by a driving mechanism to extend outwards, the jaw upwards supports a brake drum flange (drilling plane), the tool is fixedly arranged on the jaw, the external part of the tool is of an arc surface structure and outwards props against a spigot of the brake drum flange (inner circumferential surface of the drilling plane); the external positioning device comprises an upright column and an ejector rod, the upright column is vertically fixed on the table board, the top end of the upright column is connected with the ejector rod, the head of the front end of the ejector rod is of a circular arc structure and props against the outer circumferential surface of the braking surface of the brake drum from the outside, and the propping position is a groove in the outer circumferential surface.
The ejector rod props against the groove on the outer circumferential surface of the braking surface from the outside, the ejector rod can prop against the groove horizontally or obliquely upwards, the included angle between the oblique direction of the ejector rod and the horizontal direction ranges from 0 degree to 15 degrees, preferably, the ejector rod props against the groove horizontally, and the included angle between the ejector rod and the horizontal direction is 0 degree.
Preferably, the upright post is vertically fixed on the table top, the height of the upright post is adjustable, the upright post can be divided into an upper upright post and a lower upright post, the upper upright post and the lower upright post are metal plates, the upright posts are formed by overlapping and superposing two metal plates, the lower upright post is fixed on the table top, the lower end of the upper upright post is overlapped and superposed on the upper end of the lower upright post, the upper upright post and the lower upright post are fixedly connected through bolts, and the height of the upright post is adjusted according to the number. The height of the upright post can be adjusted, so that the brake drum can be suitable for brake drums with different sizes.
Preferably, the ejector rod and the upright post are of a detachable connection structure, and the ejector rod can be detached and replaced.
Preferably, the extending length of the mandril (the length from the connecting point of the mandril and the upright post to the head part of the front end of the mandril) is adjustable, so that the brake drum can be suitable for processing brake drums with different sizes.
Preferably, the front end of the ejector rod (the part from the connecting point of the ejector rod and the upright post to the head part of the front end of the ejector rod) can be provided with a spring, one end of the spring is connected with the top end of the upright post, the other end of the spring is connected with the head part of the front end of the ejector rod, the upright post is provided with an opening, and the ejector rod penetrates through the opening of the. The upright post has a certain thickness, the opening is in the horizontal direction or slightly inclined upwards, the ejector rod penetrates through the opening of the upright post, and the ejector rod is in the horizontal direction or slightly inclined upwards. Normally, the spring is in a normal state, when drilling is carried out, the ejector rod is backwards supported by the outer circumferential surface of the braking surface of the brake drum, the spring is compressed, and the ejector rod is pushed against the groove in the outer circumferential surface of the braking surface of the brake drum by forward force.
The tool can be a metal block, a cylinder, a split cylinder and a fan, the outside of the tool is of an arc surface structure, and the tool is attached to the clamping jaw.
The tool can be one. The frock also can be the combination of several, for the frock external member, through the concave-convex structure fixed connection who mutually supports between the frock, can dismantle between the frock.
The tool and the clamping jaw can be detachably connected.
The tool and the clamping jaw can be fixedly connected through a bolt, holes are formed in the tool and the clamping jaw respectively, the bolt penetrates through the holes of the tool and the clamping jaw simultaneously, the bolt is screwed, and the tool and the clamping jaw are fixed.
The tool and the clamping jaw can be connected through threads, convex threads are arranged on the tool, corresponding concave thread holes are formed in the clamping jaw, and the tool and the clamping jaw are fixedly connected through the convex threads and the concave threads.
The tool and the clamping jaw can be connected through a key, the tool is provided with the key, the clamping jaw is provided with a corresponding key groove, and the tool and the clamping jaw are fixed together through the key groove.
The tool and the clamping jaw can be connected through a pin, a pin hole is formed in the tool, a corresponding pin hole is formed in the clamping jaw, and the tool and the clamping jaw are fixedly connected through a pin.
The frock can be connected through the groove cooperation with the jack catch, is equipped with the groove on the frock, and the jack catch is the notch cuttype structure, and the frock cooperation inlay card lives the jack catch, laminates with the jack catch. The tool and the clamping jaw can also have concave-convex structures which are matched with each other, so that the clamping jaw and the tool are further matched tightly.
The number of the claws may be two or more, preferably 3 to 6.
The jaws are preferably symmetrical or evenly distributed circumferentially about the chuck center.
The clamping jaw can be in a step structure, a plane structure or a fan-shaped structure. The chuck can be a manual chuck, a hydraulic chuck, a pneumatic chuck or an electric chuck.
The claw drive can be hydraulic drive, pneumatic drive, electric drive or manual mechanical gear drive. The clamping jaw and the chuck can be in matched connection through a rack. The chuck structure comprises a large bevel gear and a small bevel gear, the small bevel gear is meshed with the large bevel gear, a plane thread structure is arranged on the back surface of the large bevel gear, and the clamping jaws are equally arranged on the plane thread. When the small bevel gear is driven to move, the large bevel gear rotates, and the plane threads on the back surface of the large bevel gear enable the clamping jaws to simultaneously approach or withdraw from the center.
The bevel gear can be manually pulled to move, hydraulically driven to move, pneumatically driven to move, and electrically driven to move.
The jaw cooperates the chuck, can have the self-centering function. The jack catch is outwards propped from the central point synchronously until the outer arc surface structure of the tool on the jack catch props against the spigot (the inner circumferential surface of the drilling plane) of the brake drum flange outwards.
The jaws may be provided with holes or slots. The holes can be round holes which are uniformly distributed in a circular arc shape, and the diameter of the round holes is larger than that of the holes to be drilled corresponding to the positions to be drilled on the brake drum. The groove can be an arc groove, and the width of the arc groove is larger than the diameter of the hole to be drilled corresponding to the position to be drilled on the brake drum. Under the condition that the clamping jaws support the brake drum upwards, the brake drum is punched, after a punched drill bit penetrates through a drilling plane, the position aligned with the drill bit is a hole or a groove in the clamping jaws, and therefore the clamping jaws cannot be damaged during drilling.
The depth of the hole or the groove on the clamping jaw meets the extending length of a drill bit in the drilling process.
The jaws may also be provided without holes or slots. The width of jack catch is less, and the drill bit that punches pierces through the drilling plane back, wears out from the clearance between jack catch and jack catch, can not cause the damage to the jack catch. The jaws may also support the brake drum portion for a short length, and the drill bit that is drilled penetrates the drilling plane and then passes out of the front of the jaws without contacting the jaws. The jack catch also can be the echelonment structure, and the brake drum is supported to the higher ladder face in position, and the drill bit that punches pierces through the drilling plane after, the lower ladder face in jack catch position is faced to the jack catch, and the space of activity is provided for the drill bit to the height of jack catch ladder.
The table board can be also provided with a spring, and the lower end surface of the brake drum just presses the spring when the spring is used for processing the brake drum.
The number of springs may be 3 to 12, preferably evenly distributed along the bottom end surface of the circumferential braking surface of the brake drum.
During processing, the spring can provide the buffering to the brake drum, prevents that brake drum and mesa from bumping hard contact firmly, and the drill bit that punches just contacts drilling plane down the drilling in the twinkling of an eye, can effectively restrain the planar beat of brake drum drilling, guarantees the precision of punching.
Step S2 drilling, comprising the following steps:
(i) the method comprises the following steps Lifting the brake drum, keeping the flange surface (drilling plane) horizontal, and slowly dropping on the clamping jaws;
(ii) the method comprises the following steps The clamping jaw is synchronously outwards supported from the center under the driving of a driving mechanism until the outer arc surface of the tool on the clamping jaw outwards props against the flange spigot of the brake drum (the inner circumferential surface of a drilling plane);
(iii) the method comprises the following steps The height of the upright post is adjusted, and the extension length of the ejector rod is adjusted, so that the front end head of the ejector rod abuts against the groove on the outer circumference of the braking surface of the brake drum.
Preferably, when the brake drum falls on the claw, the bottom end face of the circumference of the braking surface of the brake drum just presses on the spring of the table top, and the brake drum is buffered.
Preferably, the included angle between the inclined upward direction of the mandril and the horizontal direction ranges from 0 degree to 15 degrees.
The jack catch props outward from the center is synchronous under the actuating mechanism drive, until the outside arc surface of the frock on the jack catch withstands the flange tang (the planar inner circumference of drilling) of brake drum outwards, at this moment, the brake drum is under the drive of jack catch promptly, has realized automatically that the center of brake drum is adjusted well, has saved the adjustment of manpower, easy operation.
Has the advantages that:
1. in the turning process, the anti-sinking mechanism is arranged on the workbench, so that the pressure generated by the cutter from top to bottom can be effectively inhibited, the product is prevented from sinking or partially deviating, the processing error caused by sinking or deviating is further avoided, and the product quality is improved.
2. According to the invention, the clamping jaw tightness adjusting mechanism is arranged to adjust the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder in the turning process, the clamping pressure of the clamping jaw is divided into a high gear and a low gear, and the processing method of 'rough turning high gear and finish turning low gear' is adopted in addition to the anti-sinking mechanism, so that the cylindricity and circular runout of a product caused by the fact that the rough turning and the finish turning both adopt large clamping jaw clamping force can be further reduced on the basis of avoiding errors caused by product sinking, and the processing precision and the product quality are greatly improved.
3. The drilling process of the invention takes the spigot of the flange of the brake drum as a reference, positions the drilling position of the flange of the brake drum, and has accurate positioning and high dimensional precision.
4. In the drilling process, the brake drum is fixed by the claws and the tool inside the brake drum, the brake drum is fixed by the ejector rod outside, and the brake drum is fixed and positioned in multiple directions from the solid, so that the brake drum is fixed and firm.
5. The invention has higher machining precision of turning and drilling, no short plate exists in the machining precision of the whole brake drum, and the brake drum has high machining precision and good quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a positioning anti-sinking device in a turning process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an anti-subsidence mechanism during a turning process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a turning process according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a turning process according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a support part in the process of turning in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fixture during the drilling process;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of a fixture for use in a drilling process according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partial schematic structural view of a fixing apparatus in a drilling process according to embodiment 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a partial schematic structural view of a fixing apparatus in a drilling process according to embodiment 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a partial schematic structural view of a fixing apparatus in a drilling process according to embodiment 9 of the present invention;
in the figure 1, a brake drum 113 is provided with a hole to be processed; 2, 3, 31, 4, a sinking-proof mechanism, 41, a base, 42, a height adjusting part, 43, a length adjusting part, 44, a supporting part, 45, a rotating head, 46, an inclined working surface and 47 convex parts; d is an included angle between the inclined working surface and the supporting part; 71 upright post, 711 upper upright post, 712 lower upright post, 72 mandril, 721 mandril front end head, 722 mandril front end spring and 75 spring; 8, drilling a chuck, 81, a chuck seat, 82, a jaw, 83 and 84 jaw driving mechanisms, 85 rack structures, 86, 87, drilling abdicating grooves and 87, wherein the jaw is drilled with abdicating holes; 9 frock, 90 (K) frock outside arc surface, 911 frock external member (I), 912 frock external member (II).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A manufacturing and processing method of a brake drum comprises the following steps:
s1: turning, namely performing rough turning and finish turning by adopting a positioning anti-sinking device;
s2: and (4) drilling, namely, drilling and fixing devices are adopted, a tool is adopted inside the drilling and fixing device to be matched with a chuck, an ejector rod is adopted outside the drilling and fixing device to fix a brake drum, and numerical control drilling is carried out.
Step S1, performing turning, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, where the positioning anti-sinking device is mounted on a workbench 2 of a vertical lathe ZL2-550, two sets of jaws 3 are symmetrically arranged on the workbench 2, and the positioning anti-sinking device further includes two sets of anti-sinking mechanisms 4 symmetrically arranged and staggered with the two sets of jaws, where each anti-sinking mechanism includes a base 41, a height adjusting portion 42, a length adjusting portion 43, and a support portion 44; the supporting part 44 is arranged at one end of the length adjusting part 43 close to the center of the workbench 2, the opposite end of the length adjusting part 43 is connected with the upper end of the height adjusting part 42, and the lower end of the height adjusting part 42 is connected with the base 41; the length adjustment part 43 is from connecting the one end of height adjustment part 42 to connecting the one end of supporting part 44 is from low to high slope setting, and inclination is 45 degrees, and this angle is convenient when adjusting height adjustment part 42 and length adjustment part 43, guarantees to the utmost that the supporting part 44 is more laminated with the contact surface of brake drum 1 bottom lateral wall on one side.
In this embodiment, the lower portion of the base 41 is connected to the upper end surface of the worktable 2 through a rail, and the rail is arranged along the radial direction of the worktable 2; the height adjusting part 42 and the length adjusting part 43 are designed by adopting the existing screw principle, so that the supporting part 44 fixedly connected with the length adjusting part 43 can extend to the center of the workbench 2 through the screw thread of the length adjusting part 43 and can adjust the height up and down through the screw thread of the height adjusting part 42; a rotating head part 45 is further arranged at one end of the supporting part 44 far away from the length adjusting part 43, the rotating head part 45 is embedded into the supporting part 44 in a hemispherical shape, and an inclined working surface 46 is arranged at one end of the rotating head part 45 far away from the supporting part 44.
In the using process, the brake drum 1 is fixed through the clamping jaws 3 on two sides of the workbench 2, and the cutter starts to process from top to bottom, so that the slight sinking stress of the brake drum 1 along with the cutter cannot be completely overcome by only relying on the clamping force of the clamping jaws on the two sides and the friction force generated by the side wall of the brake drum, two sinking-preventing mechanisms 4 are symmetrically arranged on the workbench 2 below the brake drum, the connecting line between the two sinking-preventing mechanisms 4 is vertical to the connecting line between the two clamping jaws 3 and is arranged in a staggered manner, the height and the length of the sinking-preventing mechanisms can be manually adjusted in advance through threads according to the size of the brake drum, the supporting part 44 can be contacted with the bottom of the brake drum 1, the rotating head part 45 is adjusted, the inclined working surface 46 is attached to the contact surface of the bottom of the brake drum 1, the uniform stress is ensured, and the processing.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, the step S1 is performed by turning, and unlike the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 is provided with three groups of the same anti-sinking mechanisms 4, and the included angles between two groups of the anti-sinking mechanisms 4 are 120 degrees around the space outside two groups of the claws 3 on the workbench 2; because three sets of anti-sinking mechanisms 4 are obliquely used on the side wall of the bottom of the brake drum 1, the stress of the anti-sinking mechanisms can be adjusted to point to the position closer to the center of the product, the triangular stress is more stable and uniform, the error generated during processing can be further reduced, and the possibility of sinking deviation of the local part of the brake drum 1 is avoided.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5, on the basis of embodiment 2, an included angle d between the inclined working surface 46 and the supporting portion 44 in embodiment 3 is 10 degrees, and convex portions of a cambered surface are uniformly arranged on the inclined working surface 46, so that the probability of non-contact with a contact surface is reduced, and errors are reduced; the length adjustment part 43 is also provided with an inclination angle adjustment mechanism, and the mechanism can be realized by connecting the length adjustment part 43 and the height adjustment part 42 to overlap an existing damping rotating shaft, so that the inclination angle of the length adjustment part 43 is controlled between 30 degrees and 80 degrees, and the operation convenience degree and the product adaptation degree of the anti-sinking mechanism are further improved.
Example 4
This embodiment 4 has still set up jack catch tightness adjustment mechanism 31 on embodiment 3's basis, adopts current hydraulic control principle, adjusts hydraulic cylinder operating pressure, divide into high, low two gears with jack catch 3's clamping pressure, the hydraulic cylinder operating pressure of high gear is 2.0MPa, the hydraulic cylinder operating pressure scope of low gear is 0.9 MPa.
Step S1 includes the following steps:
a: according to the size of the brake drum to be processed, the height and the length of the anti-sinking mechanism 4 and the angle of the rotating head 45 are adjusted;
b: when the brake drum is roughly turned, the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the clamping jaw 3 is adjusted to a high gear, 2.0 MPa;
c: when the brake drum is subjected to finish turning, the working pressure of the hydraulic cylinder of the clamping jaw 3 is adjusted to a low gear, and the working pressure is 0.9 MPa;
d: after the machining is finished, the anti-sinking mechanism 4 is adjusted to the initial position.
The rough turning and the finish turning adopt different clamping jaw clamping degrees, and 10 brake drums are randomly extracted to compare cylindricity errors with circle run-out errors by adopting a clamping jaw clamping degree processing method together with the prior art, so that the cylindricity is reduced to be below 0.1 by measuring the east, south, west and north parts of the circumference of the brake drum 1, the circle run-out measured by each part of the upper, middle and lower parts of the circumference of the brake drum 1 is also reduced to be below 0.1, and the precision is obviously improved.
Example 5
A manufacturing and processing method of a brake drum comprises the following steps:
s1: turning, namely performing rough turning and finish turning by adopting a positioning anti-sinking device;
s2: and (4) drilling, namely, drilling and fixing devices are adopted, a tool is adopted inside the drilling and fixing device to be matched with a chuck, an ejector rod is adopted outside the drilling and fixing device to fix a brake drum, and numerical control drilling is carried out.
Step S2, drilling, as shown in fig. 6, using a drilling fixture, which includes an internal positioning device and an external positioning device; the internal positioning device comprises a chuck 8 and a tool 9, the chuck 8 is fixed on a table board, the chuck 8 is provided with a clamping jaw 82, the clamping jaw 82 is connected with the chuck 8 and supported by the chuck 8, the clamping jaw 82 is driven by a driving mechanism to extend outwards, the clamping jaw 82 upwards supports a brake drum flange (drilling plane), the tool 9 is fixedly arranged on the clamping jaw 82, the external part of the tool 9 is of an arc surface structure and outwards props against a spigot of the brake drum flange (inner circumferential surface of the drilling plane); the external positioning device comprises a vertical column 71 and a push rod 72, wherein the vertical column 71 is vertically fixed on the table top, the top end of the vertical column 71 is connected with the push rod 72, the head 721 at the front end of the push rod is of an arc-shaped structure and props against the outer circumferential surface of the braking surface of the brake drum from the outside, and the propping position is a groove on the outer circumferential surface.
The table top is also provided with 3 springs 75 which are evenly distributed along the bottom end surface of the circumference of the braking surface of the brake drum, and the bottom end surface just presses the springs 75 when drilling.
In the embodiment, when the brake drum 1 is machined, the jaws 82 are driven by the chuck 8 in a matched manner, the jaws 82 are spread in the brake drum 1, and a drilling plane of the brake drum is supported vertically upwards; the outer part of the fixture 9 fixed on the clamping jaw 82 is an arc surface and outwards props against the spigot of the brake drum flange in the horizontal direction.
In this embodiment, the tooling 9 on the claw 82 is adopted, and the flange seam allowance is used as a reference to position the hole 113. In the manufacturing process, the flange spigot is generally formed by casting and then is subjected to finish machining, the dimensional accuracy is easy to control, and the dimensional accuracy is high, so that the hole 113 is accurately positioned. In addition, in the application process of the brake drum, the position of the hole 113 is closely related to the distance size of the flange spigot, and the position of the hole 113 is used as a reference positioning hole according to the flange spigot, so that systematic errors caused in the machining process can be partially eliminated.
In this embodiment, the brake drum is fixed by the claws 82 and the tool 9 inside, and the brake drum 1 is fixed by the ejector 72 outside, so that the brake drum 1 is fixed and positioned in multiple directions from the three-dimensional aspect, and the movement of the brake drum 1 during machining is prevented. Particularly, the arc-shaped structure of the head 721 at the front end of the ejector rod props against the groove on the circumferential braking surface from the outside, the contact surface is greatly increased, the propping is firm, the jumping of the drilling plane can be effectively prevented when the drilling plane is drilled, and the drilling precision is ensured.
This embodiment spring 75 can provide the buffering to brake drum 1, prevents that brake drum 1 from bumping hard contact with the mesa firmly, and when the drill bit that punches just contacted the drilling plane and down bored in the twinkling of an eye, can effectively restrain the planar beat of brake drum drilling, the precision of guaranteeing to punch.
The ejector rod 72 horizontally props against the groove on the circumference of the braking surface from the outside, and the included angle between the ejector rod and the horizontal direction is 0 degree; the groove is of an arc-shaped structure, the arc-shaped structure of the head 721 at the front end of the ejector rod is just matched with the arc-shaped structure of the groove, the contact area is increased, the ejection is firm, and the sliding is avoided.
The upright column 71 is vertically fixed on the table top, the height of the upright column 71 can be adjusted, the upright column 71 is divided into an upper upright column 711 and a lower upright column 712, the upper upright column 711 and the lower upright column 712 are metal plates, the upright column 71 is formed by overlapping and superposing the two metal plates, the lower upright column 712 is fixed on the table top, the lower end of the upper upright column 711 is overlapped and superposed on the upper end of the lower upright column 712, the upper upright column and the lower upright column are fixedly connected through bolts, and the height of the upright column is adjusted according to. The height of the upright post is adjustable, and the brake drum is suitable for brake drums with different sizes. The upright 71 is made of cast iron, and the thickness of the metal plate of the upright 71 is 0.5 cm.
The ejector rod 72 and the upright post 71 are of a detachable connection structure, the ejector rod 72 can be detached and replaced, and the extending length of the ejector rod 72 (the length from the connection point of the ejector rod and the upright post to the head part of the front end of the ejector rod) can be adjusted. Specifically, a spring 722 is arranged at the front end of the push rod 72 (the part from the connection point of the push rod and the upright post to the head part of the front end of the push rod), one end of the spring 722 is connected with the top end of the upright post 71, the other end of the spring 722 is connected with the head part 721 of the front end of the push rod, the upright post 71 is provided with an opening, and the push rod 72 penetrates through the opening of the. The upright column 71 has a certain thickness, the opening is in the horizontal direction, the push rod 72 passes through the opening of the upright column 71, and the push rod 72 is in the horizontal position. Normally, the spring 722 is in a normal state, when drilling is performed, the ejector 72 is pushed back by the circumference of the braking surface of the brake drum, the spring 722 is compressed, and the ejector 72 is pressed against the groove on the circumferential braking surface by forward force of the spring 722.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 7, in the fixing device used in the drilling process of step S2, the springs 75 are outermost and 10 in number, and are uniformly distributed along the circumference when viewed from above, the springs 75 support the bottom end surface of the circumference of the braking surface of the brake drum, so as to prevent the brake drum 1 from contacting with the table top during the drilling process, and to cushion the brake drum 1; the chuck is a manual chuck, a hydraulic chuck, a pneumatic chuck or an electric chuck, the number of the claws 82 is 3, and the claws are evenly distributed along the circumference; the jaw 82 drive is hydraulic drive, pneumatic drive, electric drive or manual mechanical gear drive; the clamping jaws 82 are in rack fit connection with the chuck, the chuck structure comprises a large bevel gear and a small bevel gear, the small bevel gear is meshed with the large bevel gear, a plane thread structure is arranged on the back of the large bevel gear, the clamping jaws 82 are equally arranged on the plane thread, when the small bevel gear is driven to move, the large bevel gear rotates, and the plane thread on the back of the large bevel gear enables the clamping jaws 82 to simultaneously approach or withdraw from the center; the bevel pinion can be manually pulled to move, or can be driven to move through hydraulic pressure, or can be driven to move through pneumatic pressure, or can be driven to move through an electric device.
The jaws 82 cooperate with the chuck to provide self-centering. The clamping jaws 82 are synchronously outwards supported from the center point until the outer arc surface structures of the tools on the clamping jaws 82 outwards prop against the flange spigot of the brake drum.
The tool is a tool set (I) 911 and a tool set (II) 912, the tool set (I) 911 is a metal block and is of a fan-shaped structure, the outer part of the tool set (I) 911 is of an arc surface structure, and the lower part of the tool set (I) 911 is attached to the clamping jaw 82; the tool set (II) 912 is of a metal block and fan-shaped structure, the outer part of the tool set (II) 912 is of an arc surface structure, and the lower part of the tool set (II) 912 is attached to the clamping jaw 82; frock external member (I) 911 mutually supports with frock external member (II) 912, specifically for mutually supports through concave-convex structure.
When the size of the brake drum to be processed is small, only the tool set (I) 911 can be used, the outer arc surface structure of the tool set (I) 911 outwards abuts against the flange spigot of the brake drum, and the concave structure part of the tool set (I) 911 avoids the point where the outer arc surface of the tool directly contacts the flange spigot, so that the contact points of the tool and the flange spigot are changed from one to two, the contact part of the tool and the brake drum is increased, and the brake drum is fixed more firmly.
When the size of the brake drum to be processed is slightly larger, the tool set (II) 912 is matched with the tool set (I) 911 for use, and the outer arc surface structure of the tool set (II) 912 outwards supports against the flange spigot of the brake drum.
The tooling set (II) 912 may have different widths, and the width of the tooling set (II) 912 is determined according to the model of the brake drum to be processed.
The tool set (II) 912 and the tool set (I) 911 are matched for use, so that brake drums with various sizes and models can be conveniently machined.
The jaw 82 is provided with a drilling abdicating groove 86, when a drill bit for drilling penetrates through the brake drum flange, the position aligned with the drill bit is the groove 86 on the jaw 82, and the jaw 82 cannot be damaged. The depth of the groove 86 is sufficient for the drill bit extension of the drilling process, and is 0.5 cm.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 8, in the fixing device used in the drilling process in step S2, the claws 82 are of a fan-shaped structure and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed along the chuck base 81, the tools are combined sleeves 911 and 912, the tools are metal blocks and are of a fan-shaped structure, the tool is externally provided with an arc surface structure 90 (K), the tool sleeve (I) 911 is externally provided with an arc surface structure, the tool sleeve (II) 912 is externally provided with an arc surface structure, the tool sleeves are fixedly connected through concave-convex structures which are matched with each other, and the tool sleeves can be detached.
The lower parts of the tools 911 and 912 are attached to the clamping jaws 82; the tools 911 and 912 are detachably connected with the clamping jaws 82. The tool and the clamping jaw can be fixedly connected through a bolt, holes are respectively formed in the tool 911, the tool 912 and the clamping jaw 82, the bolt simultaneously penetrates through the holes of the tool 911, the tool 912 and the clamping jaw 82, the bolt is screwed, and the tool and the clamping jaw are fixed; or the tools 911 and 912 can be connected with the jaw 82 through threads, the tools 911 and 912 are provided with convex threads, the jaw 82 is provided with corresponding concave threaded holes, and the tools and the jaw are fixedly connected through the convex threads and the concave threads; or the tools 911 and 912 and the jaw 82 can be connected through keys, the tools 911 and 912 are provided with keys, the jaw 82 is provided with corresponding key slots, and the tools and the jaw are fixed together through the key slots; or the tools 911 and 912 can be connected with the clamping jaw 82 through a pin, pin holes are formed in the tools 911 and 912, corresponding pin holes are formed in the clamping jaw 82, and the tools and the clamping jaw are fixedly connected through a pin. The brake drum has the advantages of detachable connection mode, convenient disassembly and suitability for brake drums of different sizes.
The frock is connected for dismantling with the jack catch, also can only frock 911 and jack catch 82 pass through bolt, screw thread, keyway, round pin fixed connection, and frock 912 passes through concave-convex structure cooperation with frock 911, and frock 912 all can conveniently be dismantled for frock 911 and jack catch 82.
3 jack catchs 82 that are circumference evenly distributed on the chuck seat 81, the jack catch 82 lower part is equipped with the rack structure, mutually supports with rack structure 85 on jack catch actuating mechanism 83, 84, through adjusting the rack on jack catch 82 and jack catch actuating mechanism 83, 84 on the relative position relation of rack 85, the extension length of adjustment jack catch 82 that can be very convenient, make things convenient for brake drum processing.
The relative positions of the jaw drive mechanisms 83, 84 may be fixed by bolts.
The chuck drives the jaw drive mechanisms 83, 84 to move, which in turn drives the jaws 82 and tooling to move, to support the flange face from the inside and against the flange spigot.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 9, in the fixing device for drilling in step S2, the jaw 82 is provided with a groove 86, the groove 86 is an arc groove corresponding to the position of the hole 113 to be drilled on the brake drum, and the width of the groove 86 is greater than the diameter of the hole 113 to be drilled; the brake drum 1 is punched under the condition that the claws 82 support the brake drum 1 upward, and after a drill bit for punching penetrates through a drilling plane, the drill bit is aligned with the grooves 86 on the claws, so that the claws 82 are not damaged during drilling. The depth of the grooves 86 in the jaws is 1 cm to meet the drill bit extension of the drilling process.
Example 9
As shown in fig. 10, in the fixing device for drilling in step S2, the jaws 82 are provided with holes 87, the holes 87 are circular holes and uniformly distributed in an arc shape, and the diameter of the circular hole 87 is larger than that of the hole 113 to be drilled corresponding to the position on the brake drum; the brake drum is punched under the condition that the claws 82 support the brake drum 1 upwards, and after a punching bit penetrates through a drilling plane, the position aligned with the drilling bit is the holes 87 on the claws, so that the claws 82 cannot be damaged during drilling. The depth of the hole 87 in the jaw is 0.5 cm, which satisfies the drill extension of the drilling process.
Example 10
Step S2 drilling, processing and fixing method comprises the following steps:
(i) the method comprises the following steps Lifting the brake drum 1, keeping the drilling plane horizontal, and slowly falling on the clamping jaws 82;
(ii) the method comprises the following steps The clamping jaws 82 are synchronously outwards supported from the center under the driving of the driving mechanism until the outer arc surfaces of the tools 9 on the clamping jaws 82 outwards prop against the spigot of the brake drum flange;
(iii) the method comprises the following steps The height of the upright post 71 is adjusted, the extension length of the ejector rod 72 is adjusted, the front end part 721 of the ejector rod props against a groove on the circumferential braking surface of the brake drum, the ejector rod 72 is horizontal, and the included angle between the ejector rod 72 and the horizontal direction is 0 degree.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A brake drum machining method, comprising the steps of:
s1: turning, namely performing rough turning and finish turning by adopting a positioning anti-sinking device;
s2: drilling, namely, drilling a hole by using a drilling fixing device, internally using a tool to match with a chuck, externally using an ejector rod to fix a brake drum, and performing numerical control drilling;
the step S1 of turning includes the following steps:
a: adjusting the height and length of the anti-sinking mechanism and the angle of the rotating head according to the size of the brake drum to be processed;
b: when the brake drum is roughly turned, the working pressure of the claw hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to a high gear, namely 1.5MPa to 3 MPa;
c: when the brake drum is subjected to finish turning, the working pressure of the jaw hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to a low gear, and the working pressure is 0.8MPa to 1.2 MPa;
d: after the processing is finished, adjusting the anti-sinking mechanism to an initial position;
the step S2 of drilling includes the following steps:
(i) the method comprises the following steps Lifting the brake drum, keeping the flange surface horizontal, and slowly dropping the brake drum on the clamping jaws;
(ii) the method comprises the following steps The clamping jaw is synchronously outwards supported from the center under the driving of the driving mechanism until the outer arc surface of the tool on the clamping jaw outwards props against the spigot of the flange of the brake drum;
(iii) the method comprises the following steps Adjusting the height of the upright post and the extension length of the ejector rod to enable the front end head of the ejector rod to prop against a groove on the outer circumference of the braking surface of the brake drum;
step S1, turning, wherein the adopted positioning anti-sinking device is arranged on a workbench of a vertical lathe, two groups of jaws which are symmetrically arranged are arranged on the workbench and comprise at least two groups of anti-sinking mechanisms, and each anti-sinking mechanism comprises a base, a height adjusting part, a length adjusting part and a supporting part; the supporting part is arranged at one end of the length adjusting part close to the center of the workbench, the opposite other end of the length adjusting part is connected with the upper end of the height adjusting part, and the lower end of the height adjusting part is connected with the base; the length adjusting part is arranged from one end connected with the height adjusting part to one end connected with the supporting part in an inclined way from low to high.
2. The brake drum machining method according to claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the base is connected to the upper end surface of the table through a rail, the rail being disposed in a radial direction of the table; the length adjusting part is also provided with an inclination angle adjusting mechanism, and the inclination angle of the length adjusting part is 30-80 degrees; the height adjusting part and the length adjusting part both adopt a lead screw, a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder.
3. The method for machining the brake drum according to claim 2, wherein a rotating head is further provided at an end of the support portion remote from the length adjustment portion, an inclined working surface is provided at an end of the rotating head remote from the support portion, and a plurality of protrusions are further provided on the working surface.
4. The method for machining the brake drum according to claim 3, wherein three sets of anti-sinking mechanisms are arranged on the workbench, and the included angles between every two sets of anti-sinking mechanisms are 120 degrees.
5. The brake drum machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step S2 is a drilling process using a drilling process fixture including an inner positioning device and an outer positioning device; the inner positioning device comprises a chuck and a tool, the chuck is fixed on the table board and is provided with a jaw, the jaw is connected with the chuck and supported by the chuck, the jaw is driven by a driving mechanism to extend outwards, the jaw upwards supports the brake drum flange, the tool is fixedly arranged on the jaw, the outer part of the tool is of an arc surface structure and outwards props against a spigot of the brake drum flange; the external positioning device comprises an upright column and an ejector rod, the upright column is vertically fixed on the table board, the top end of the upright column is connected with the ejector rod, the head of the front end of the ejector rod is of a circular arc structure and props against the outer circumferential surface of the braking surface of the brake drum from the outside, and the propping position is a groove in the outer circumferential surface.
6. The brake drum machining method according to claim 5, wherein the drilling in step S2 is performed by using a drilling fixture, and the drilling fixture further comprises springs, the springs are arranged on the table and evenly distributed along the bottom end face of the circumference of the brake surface of the brake drum; the tool is detachably connected with the clamping jaw, and the tool is attached to the clamping jaw.
7. The brake drum machining method according to claim 6, wherein the tooling and the jaws are connected by bolting, screwing, keying, pinning or slot fitting; the chuck is a manual chuck, a hydraulic chuck, a pneumatic chuck or an electric chuck; the jaw drive is hydraulic drive, pneumatic drive, electric drive or manual mechanical gear drive; the jack catch cooperation chuck has the automatic centering function.
8. A method of machining a brake drum according to claim 7 wherein the jaws are provided with holes or slots.
9. The brake drum machining method according to claim 8, wherein the ejector rod and the upright post are of a detachable connection structure, and the ejector rod can be detached and replaced; the height of the upright post is adjustable; the extending length of the mandril can be adjusted.
CN201810194879.6A 2018-03-09 2018-03-09 Machining method for brake drum Active CN108422158B (en)

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CN110090968A (en) * 2019-05-07 2019-08-06 盛瑞传动股份有限公司 A kind of brake drum process for machining
CN112935724B (en) * 2021-02-04 2022-06-24 浙江隆中机械股份有限公司 Brake disc machining process and tool
CN113118708B (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-10-21 安徽海立汽车零部件有限公司 Automobile clutch part machining process
CN114851079B (en) * 2022-06-21 2023-05-23 合肥江淮铸造有限责任公司 Automobile brake drum processing positioning structure and processing device thereof

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Effective date of registration: 20231102

Address after: 441300 Shiqiao village, WanDian Town, Zengdu District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province

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Patentee before: JIANGXI JIUWANG AUTO PARTS MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd.