CN108419604A - A kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN108419604A CN108419604A CN201810324868.5A CN201810324868A CN108419604A CN 108419604 A CN108419604 A CN 108419604A CN 201810324868 A CN201810324868 A CN 201810324868A CN 108419604 A CN108419604 A CN 108419604A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom, and high temperature sterilization is carried out after first packing cultivation matrix and obtains sterile culture bag；Then aseptically, punched in culture bag after sterilization, mushroom strain is put into hole to carry out aseptic inoculation, the culture bag after inoculation, which is placed in aseptic culture room plant, grows, and full bag acanthopore is carried out after mycelia sends out full culture bag；Mushroom flower bud, which grows up to obtain artificial kind, after fruiting grows mushroom, it can be harvested, the moisture content of control aseptic culture matrix during kind is grown, without carrying out additional nutritional supplementation, the mushroom grown using method kind provided by the invention, kind grow it is whole added without pesticide, plant the mushroom grown, it is thick, crisp, sliding in it, and nutritive value is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mushroom kind plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom.
Background technology
Mushroom is one of second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushroom and China's specialty, mushroom be a kind of high protein, low fat, polysaccharide,
A variety of amino acid and multivitamin mushroom food, are known as the title of " mountain delicacy " from ancient times, have and improve body's immunity, delay
The effect of aging, anti-cancer do cancer, lowering blood pressure and blood fat, norcholesterol, cultivating champignon stock is in China, generally use Duan Muchun
Mycelium inoculation cultivation technique, kind grow mushroom during need to observe the growing state of mushroom at any time, while supplement the nutrients element with
Fungicide, therefore it provides a kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom without the substance that supplements the nutrients has prodigious market value.
Invention content
Based on the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of artificial kind of methods for growing mushroom, using this hair
The mushroom that the method kind of bright offer is grown, kind grow it is whole added without pesticide, plant the mushroom grown, in it is thick, crisp, sliding,
And nutritive value is high.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom, including with
Lower step：
Step 1 prepares aseptic culture matrix：High temperature sterilization is carried out after cultivation matrix is packed obtains sterile culture bag；Its
In, the raw material of the cultivation matrix includes the sawdust of 70~75 parts by weight, the crude fibre of 15~20 parts by weight, 8~12 parts by weight
Gypsum, 3~10 parts by weight sugar material；
Step 2, aseptic inoculation：Under aseptic condition, punched in culture bag after sterilization, by mushroom strain be put into hole with
Aseptic inoculation is carried out, the culture bag after inoculation, which is placed in aseptic culture room plant, grows, and the condition for adjusting aseptic culture room is：Temperature
Degree is 28 DEG C or less, humidity is 55~57%, oxygen content is 22~25%, is divulged information 4~8 times, every time 30~60 minutes daily；Control
The moisture content of aseptic culture matrix is 58~62% in culture bag processed；
Step 3, bacterium germination management：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after bacterium germination：Temperature is 22~28 DEG C, humidity be 60~
62%, oxygen content be 24~26%, daily with the intensity of 23000~26000lex carry out 8~10h of illumination, daily divulge information 12~
16 times, every time 30~60 minutes；The moisture content for controlling aseptic culture matrix in culture bag is 65~70%；When mycelia sends out full culture
Full bag acanthopore is carried out after bag；
Step 4, management of producing mushroom：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after fruiting：Temperature is 8~20 DEG C, humidity 85%
Above, oxygen content is 24~26%, is divulged information 1~2 time, every time 30~60 minutes daily；Control aseptic culture matrix in culture bag
Moisture content be 65~70%；
Step 5, harvesting：Mushroom flower bud, which grows up to obtain artificial kind, after fruiting grows mushroom, you can is harvested.
As an optimization, the raw material of the cultivation matrix includes the sawdust of 72 parts by weight, the crude fibre of 17 parts by weight, 10 weight
The gypsum of part, the sugar material of 6 parts by weight.
As an optimization, the sawdust is at least one of weed tree sawdust, redwood bits, Qinggang sawdust.
As an optimization, the crude fibre is wheat bran, rice bran, at least one of soybean residue, and crude fibre volume is big, weight
Gently, can make to form the penetrating bulk environment of hole inside cultivation matrix, it is preferably fresh to keep the oxygen in cultivation matrix sufficient
Wheat bran, rice bran, soybean residue be conducive to mushroom growth wherein containing nitrogens such as sufficient protein, amino acid.
As an optimization, it is 1~8 that the sugar material, which is weight ratio,：1~5 white sugar and brown sugar.
As an optimization, in the step 1 raw material of cultivation matrix further include 10~15 parts by weight corncob and/or 10~
The leaf mould of 12 parts by weight, when preparing cultivation matrix, the corncob and/or leaf mould add with sawdust, crude fibre, gypsum
Enter.
As an optimization, the preparation process of the cultivation matrix is：After weighing each raw material according to parts by weight, sugar material is dissolved in nothing
Bacterium water obtains syrup, stirred 10 minutes with the rate of 120~150r/min after then mixing remaining raw material or more, whipping process
Middle addition syrup adjusts its water content and obtains cultivation matrix for 58~60% after stirring.
As an optimization, the high temperature sterilization technique in the step 1 is specially：High temperature is carried out under conditions of 100~120 DEG C
Sterilize 20 hours or more.
As an optimization, the culture bag after the sterilization first obtained step 1 using vibrating bed in the step 2 shakes 3~15
Minute, aseptic inoculation is then carried out again, and vibrations culture bag keeps aseptic culture matrix therein more closely knit, uniform.
As an optimization, the specification punched in the culture bag in the step 2 after sterilization is：Aperture is 2~3cm, Kong Jian
Away from for 8~10cm；Carrying out the specification of full bag acanthopore after mycelia hair purseful in the step 3 is：Aperture is 2~3cm, and hole depth is
0.8~1cm, pitch of holes are 3~4cm.
As an optimization, it carries out disinfection to cultivating chamber during mushroom kind is grown, frequency is to sterilize one every 25~30 days
It is secondary, spray concentration can be used and be 5% potassium permanganate solution below or carried out disinfection using ozone machine.
Advantageous effect
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1), the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom provided by the invention, adopts the aseptic culture matrix being prepared manually, avoids general
Mushroom catch and parasite from soil during logical earth culture, passes through the combination preparation of sawdust, crude fibre, gypsum and sugar material
Cultivation matrix can carry out sufficient nutritional supplementation to mushroom body, by the different phase to mushroom growth into trip temperature, humidity,
Oxygen content, illumination, ventilation control, mushroom fast-growth can be made to develop, and it is disease-free sterile, it is high to finally obtain nutritive value
Mushroom.
(2), the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom provided by the invention, without being carried out to aseptic culture matrix during kind is grown
The supplement of nutritional ingredient, as long as detecting the moisture in aseptic culture matrix in real time and making corresponding moisture supplement, operation side
Just, easily controllable, and kind is grown the mushroom meat thickness and is slided, nutritive value is high.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of artificial kind of methods for growing mushroom, include the following steps：
Step 1 prepares aseptic culture matrix：High temperature sterilization 20 is carried out after cultivation matrix is packed under conditions of 100 DEG C
Hour, obtain sterile culture bag after high temperature sterilization；Wherein, the raw material of the cultivation matrix includes the sawdust of 70 parts by weight, 15 weights
Measure the corncob of the crude fibre of part, the gypsum of 8 parts by weight, the sugar material of 3 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight；Wherein, the crude fibre is bran
Skin, the sugar material are that weight ratio is 1：1 white sugar and brown sugar；
The preparation process of the cultivation matrix is：After each raw material being weighed according to parts by weight, sugar material is dissolved in sterile water and is obtained
To syrup, stirred 30 minutes with the rate of 120r/min after then mixing sawdust, crude fibre, gypsum, corncob, whipping process
Middle addition syrup obtains cultivation matrix after stirring.
Step 2, aseptic inoculation：Using vibrating bed by after sterilization culture bag shake 3 minutes, then aseptically,
It is punched in culture bag, aperture is 2~3cm, and pitch of holes is 8~10cm, then mushroom strain is put into hole sterile to carry out
Inoculation, the culture bag after inoculation, which is placed in aseptic culture room plant, grows, and the condition for adjusting aseptic culture room is：Temperature is 28 DEG C
Below, humidity 55%, oxygen content 22%, daily ventilation 4 times, every time 30 minutes；Control aseptic culture matrix in culture bag
Moisture content be 58%；
Step 3, bacterium germination management：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after bacterium germination：Temperature is 22~24 DEG C, humidity is
62%, oxygen content 24%, illumination 10h, daily ventilation 12 times, every time 30 minutes carried out with the intensity of 23000lex daily；Control
The moisture content of aseptic culture matrix is 65% in culture bag processed；Carrying out full bag acanthopore after mycelia sends out full culture bag, aperture is 2~
3cm, 0.8~1cm of hole depth, 3~4cm of pitch of holes；
Step 4, management of producing mushroom：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after fruiting：Day temperature is 17~20 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is 8~10 DEG C, humidity is 85% or more, oxygen content is 24~26%, daily ventilation 1 time, every time 60 minutes；Control culture bag
The moisture content of middle aseptic culture matrix is 65%；
Step 5, harvesting：Mushroom flower bud, which grows up to obtain artificial kind, after fruiting grows mushroom, you can is harvested.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of artificial kind of methods for growing mushroom, include the following steps：
Step 1 prepares aseptic culture matrix：High temperature sterilization 28 is carried out after cultivation matrix is packed under conditions of 110 DEG C
Hour, obtain sterile culture bag after high temperature sterilization；Wherein, the raw material of the cultivation matrix includes the sawdust of 72 parts by weight, 17 weights
Measure the leaf mould of the crude fibre of part, the gypsum of 10 parts by weight, the sugar material of 6 parts by weight, the corncob of 13 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight；
Wherein, it is 3 that the crude fibre, which is weight ratio,：1：1 wheat bran, rice bran, soybean residue, the sugar material is that weight ratio is 5：3 white sugar
With brown sugar；
The preparation process of the cultivation matrix is：After each raw material being weighed according to parts by weight, sugar material is dissolved in sterile water and is obtained
To syrup, stirred 40 minutes with the rate of 135r/min after then mixing sawdust, crude fibre, gypsum, corncob, leaf mould,
Syrup is added in whipping process, cultivation matrix is obtained after stirring.
Step 2, aseptic inoculation：Using vibrating bed by after sterilization culture bag shake 12 minutes, then aseptically,
It is punched in culture bag, aperture is 2~3cm, and pitch of holes is 8~10cm, then mushroom strain is put into hole sterile to carry out
Inoculation, the culture bag after inoculation, which is placed in aseptic culture room plant, grows, and the condition for adjusting aseptic culture room is：Temperature is 28 DEG C
Below, humidity is 55~57%, oxygen content is 22~23%, daily ventilation 6 times, every time 50 minutes；It controls sterile in culture bag
The moisture content of cultivation matrix is 58~60%；
Step 3, bacterium germination management：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after bacterium germination：Temperature is 24~26 DEG C, humidity be 60~
62%, oxygen content is 24~26%, daily with the intensity of 25000lex progress illumination 9h, daily ventilation 14 times, every time 45 minutes；
The moisture content for controlling aseptic culture matrix in culture bag is 67~68%；Full bag acanthopore, hole are carried out after mycelia sends out full culture bag
Diameter is 2~3cm, 0.8~1cm of hole depth, 3~4cm of pitch of holes；
Step 4, management of producing mushroom：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after fruiting：Day temperature is 17~20 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is 8~10 DEG C, humidity is 85% or more, oxygen content is 24~26%, daily ventilation 2 times, every time 40 minutes；Control culture bag
The moisture content of middle aseptic culture matrix is 67~68%；
Step 5, harvesting：Mushroom flower bud, which grows up to obtain artificial kind, after fruiting grows mushroom, you can is harvested.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of artificial kind of methods for growing mushroom, include the following steps：
Step 1 prepares aseptic culture matrix：High temperature sterilization 25 is carried out after cultivation matrix is packed under conditions of 120 DEG C
Hour, obtain sterile culture bag after high temperature sterilization；Wherein, the raw material of the cultivation matrix includes the sawdust of 75 parts by weight, 20 weights
Measure the leaf mould of the crude fibre of part, the gypsum of 12 parts by weight, the sugar material of 10 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight；Wherein, the crude fibre is
Weight ratio is 1：1 wheat bran and soybean residue, the sugar material are that weight ratio is 8：5 white sugar and brown sugar；
The preparation process of the cultivation matrix is：After each raw material being weighed according to parts by weight, sugar material is dissolved in sterile water and is obtained
To syrup, stirred 10 minutes with the rate of 150r/min after then mixing sawdust, crude fibre, gypsum, leaf mould, whipping process
Middle addition syrup obtains cultivation matrix after stirring.
Step 2, aseptic inoculation：Using vibrating bed by after sterilization culture bag shake 15 minutes, then aseptically,
It is punched in culture bag, aperture is 2~3cm, and pitch of holes is 8~10cm, then mushroom strain is put into hole sterile to carry out
Inoculation, the culture bag after inoculation, which is placed in aseptic culture room plant, grows, and the condition for adjusting aseptic culture room is：Temperature is 28 DEG C
Below, humidity is 55~57%, oxygen content is 24~25%, daily ventilation 8 times, every time 30 minutes；It controls sterile in culture bag
The moisture content of cultivation matrix is 60~62%；
Step 3, bacterium germination management：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after bacterium germination：Temperature is 26~28 DEG C, humidity be 60~
62%, oxygen content is 24~26%, daily with the intensity of 26000lex progress illumination 8h, daily ventilation 12 times, every time 40 minutes；
The moisture content for controlling aseptic culture matrix in culture bag is 68~70%；Full bag acanthopore, hole are carried out after mycelia sends out full culture bag
Diameter is 2~3cm, 0.8~1cm of hole depth, 3~4cm of pitch of holes；
Step 4, management of producing mushroom：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after fruiting：Day temperature is 15~18 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is 10~12 DEG C, humidity is 85% or more, oxygen content is 24~26%, daily ventilation 2 times, every time 30 minutes；Control culture
The moisture content of aseptic culture matrix is 68~70% in bag；
Step 5, harvesting：Mushroom flower bud, which grows up to obtain artificial kind, after fruiting grows mushroom, you can is harvested.
In above-described embodiment 1 to 3 artificial kind grow prepare during mushroom cultivation matrix use raw material it is as shown in table 1 below：
1 cultivation matrix raw material of table and parts by weight
| Raw material | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Sawdust | 70 parts by weight | 72 parts by weight | 75 parts by weight |
| Crude fibre | 15 parts by weight | 17 parts by weight | 20 parts by weight |
| Gypsum | 8 parts by weight | 10 parts by weight | 12 parts by weight |
| Sugar material | 3 parts by weight | 6 parts by weight | 10 parts by weight |
| Corncob | 13 parts by weight | 13 parts by weight | - |
| Leaf mould | - | 11 parts by weight | 12 parts by weight |
The detection of nutritional ingredient will be carried out with common mushroom using the artificial kind of mushroom grown in above-described embodiment 1 to 3, often
Contained nutritional ingredient result average value is as shown in table 2 below in 100g mushrooms：
Table 2
| Nutritional ingredient | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Common mushroom |
| Moisture/g | 18.7 | 19.9 | 18.8 | 17.0~18.3 |
| Protein/g | 17.78 | 20.01 | 17.82 | 17.16~17.53 |
| Fat/g | 2.32 | 3.05 | 2.37 | 1.79~1.89 |
| Carbohydrate/g | 53.98 | 57.67 | 54.01 | 51.89~53.18 |
| Crude fibre/g | 6.79 | 8.04 | 6.97 | 5.53~6.01 |
| Ash content/g | 5.58 | 6.42 | 5.71 | 4.47~5.29 |
| Heat/KJ | 1252.21 | 1258.38 | 1253.07 | 1221~1250.36 |
| Iron/mg | 0.69 | 0.82 | 0.71 | 0.59~0.66 |
| Calcium/mg | 26.4 | 29.5 | 27 | 23~26 |
| Sodium/mg | 3501.4 | 3528.1 | 3502.5 | 340~350 |
By above table it is found that the mushroom that the method kind provided using embodiment 1 to 3 is grown, nutritive value are apparent
Higher than common mushroom, wherein be most preferred embodiment with the mushroom nutritive value highest planted in embodiment 2.
Finally it should be noted that：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of artificial kind of method for growing mushroom, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1 prepares aseptic culture matrix：High temperature sterilization is carried out after cultivation matrix is packed obtains sterile culture bag；Wherein, institute
The raw material for stating cultivation matrix includes the stone of the sawdust of 70~75 parts by weight, the crude fibre of 15~20 parts by weight, 8~12 parts by weight
The sugar material of cream, 3~10 parts by weight；
Step 2, aseptic inoculation：It under aseptic condition, is punched in culture bag after sterilization, mushroom strain is put into hole to carry out
Aseptic inoculation, the culture bag after inoculation, which is placed in aseptic culture room plant, grows, and the condition for adjusting aseptic culture room is：Temperature is
28 DEG C or less, humidity be 55~57%, oxygen content is 22~25%, daily divulge information 4~8 times, every time 30~60 minutes；Control training
The moisture content for supporting aseptic culture matrix in bag is 58~62%；
Step 3, bacterium germination management：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after bacterium germination：Temperature is 22~28 DEG C, humidity be 60~
62%, oxygen content be 24~26%, daily with the intensity of 23000~26000lex carry out 8~10h of illumination, daily divulge information 12~
16 times, every time 30~60 minutes；The moisture content for controlling aseptic culture matrix in culture bag is 65~70%；When mycelia sends out full culture
Full bag acanthopore is carried out after bag；
Step 4, management of producing mushroom：The condition of adjusting aseptic culture room is after fruiting：Temperature is 8~20 DEG C, humidity is 85% or more,
Oxygen content is 24~26%, is divulged information 1~2 time, every time 30~60 minutes daily；Aseptic culture matrix is aqueous in control culture bag
Rate is 65~70%；
Step 5, harvesting：Mushroom flower bud, which grows up to obtain artificial kind, after fruiting grows mushroom, you can is harvested.
2. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sawdust is weed tree sawdust, redwood
At least one of bits, Qinggang sawdust.
3. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the crude fibre be wheat bran, rice bran,
At least one of soybean residue.
4. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sugar material be weight ratio be 1~
8：1~5 white sugar and brown sugar.
5. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the cultivation matrix
Preparation process is：After each raw material being weighed according to parts by weight, sugar material is dissolved in sterile water and obtains syrup, then by sawdust, thick fibre
Stirred 10 minutes with the rate of 120~150r/min after dimension, gypsum mixing or more, syrup is added in whipping process, after stirring i.e.
Obtain cultivation matrix.
6. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 5, which is characterized in that cultivation matrix in the step 1
Raw material further includes the corncob of 10~15 parts by weight and/or the leaf mould of 10~12 parts by weight, when preparing cultivation matrix, the jade
Rice core and/or leaf mould are added with sawdust, crude fibre, gypsum.
7. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1 carries out high temperature sterilization
Technique be specially：High temperature sterilization 20 hours or more is carried out under conditions of 100~120 DEG C.
8. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first using vibrations in the step 2
Culture bag after the sterilization that bed obtains step 1 shakes 3~15 minutes, then carries out aseptic inoculation again.
9. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2 after sterilization
The specification punched in culture bag is：Aperture is 2~3cm, and pitch of holes is 8~10cm.
10. the artificial kind of method for growing mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3 after bacterium germination, when
Full bag acanthopore is carried out after mycelia hair purseful, aperture is 2~3cm, 0.8~1cm of hole depth, 3~4cm of pitch of holes.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114027092A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-02-11 | 随州菇鲜美农业发展有限公司 | Industrial cultivation method for edible fungus basswood |
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