CN108414275B - Little plastics sample collection device of coastal beach - Google Patents
Little plastics sample collection device of coastal beach Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414275B CN108414275B CN201810486521.0A CN201810486521A CN108414275B CN 108414275 B CN108414275 B CN 108414275B CN 201810486521 A CN201810486521 A CN 201810486521A CN 108414275 B CN108414275 B CN 108414275B
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a coastal beach micro-plastic sample collection device, which comprises a frame, an automatic winding drum, a movable planer and a driving mechanism, wherein the frame is provided with a plurality of grooves; compared with the prior art, the invention can be directly placed on the surface of a coastal beach, the coastal beach is pressed to the sampling depth, then the sample collection can be completed by rotating the hand wheel of the driving mechanism, then the whole device is taken out, and the sample is transferred to the sample bottle, so that the operation process is simple, accurate and rapid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ocean investigation and research, in particular to a coastal beach microplastic sample collection device.
Background
Microplastic refers to microplastic particles having a particle size of less than 5mm a. At present, microplastic in marine and coastal environments is attracting high attention in coastal countries as a novel pollutant, and many students at home and abroad are attracting attention to the novel pollutant. The microplastic has the characteristics of small particles, huge quantity, continuous enrichment in water environment, slow degradation speed and transfer carrier for various pollutants, can enter human bodies through channels such as food, drinking water and the like, and threatens the health of human bodies. In recent years, the number of research reports about microplastic pollution is rapidly increased internationally, and research in the related fields of China is still in a starting and exploring stage.
At present, the sampling and research of microplastic in the environment are concentrated in the areas of atmosphere, soil, water, ocean, coastal beach and the like. The coastal beach area is a crossing zone where the sea and land interact, and is one of areas where human activities are most active. On one hand, plastic garbage generated by human activities can be collected in the coastal zone area through the ways of discarding, surface runoff, sewage disposal facilities and the like, and on the other hand, a large amount of plastic garbage existing in the ocean can be collected and detained in the coastal zone area under the actions of ocean currents, tides and the like. Plastic products collected in coastal regions are aged and crushed into a large number of microplastic particles under physical and chemical factors, so that international microplastic investigation and research are carried out on the coastal beach regions. According to literature, at present, the collection of micro plastic samples in coastal beach areas is mostly carried out by collecting 2-5cm of sand on the surface layer of the micro plastic samples, then bringing the sand back to a laboratory for flotation and separation of micro plastic particles, and the sampling tool is mostly carried out by means of a biological sampling frame in intertidal zone. The intertidal zone biological sampling frame is designed for collecting intertidal zone benthos, the use method is that the intertidal zone biological sampling frame is placed on the surface of sandy soil, a certain sampling area is taken by the frame, then a benthos sample is collected by shoveling/shoveling, the sampling process is rough, relatively accurate quantitative sampling cannot be carried out on sandy soil with a specific depth on a surface layer, the intertidal zone biological sampling frame is a rice frame, the sampling area is large, the coastal beach sandy soil sampling is carried out by using the intertidal zone biological sampling frame, the number and the weight of the samples are large, and more workload is brought to later laboratory processing and analysis. There is currently no device suitable for accurate collection of micro-plastic samples on coastal beaches.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving a series of defects and shortcomings of the existing coastal beach area micro-plastic sample collection device, and provides a device for conveniently, quickly and accurately collecting samples of coastal beach micro-plastic.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a shore beach micro-plastic sample collection device comprises a frame, an automatic winding drum, a movable planer and a driving mechanism;
The frame includes a U-shaped shell including a front plate, a rear plate, and side plates connecting the front and rear plates; the U-shaped shell is fixedly connected with a daily-shaped frame at the opening end, the daily-shaped frame comprises an upper cross bar, a lower cross bar and a middle cross bar, and a first through hole is formed in the center of the middle cross bar; the inner walls of the front plate and the rear plate are respectively fixedly provided with an upper dovetail sliding rail and a lower dovetail sliding rail which are horizontally arranged, the upper dovetail sliding rail is close to the upper end of the front plate or the rear plate, and the lower dovetail sliding rail is positioned at a half of the height of the front plate or the rear plate; a reinforcing plate is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the side plate and corresponds to the middle transverse plate, a second through hole is formed in the center of the reinforcing plate, and the second through hole is concentric with the first through hole and penetrates through the side plate; two bolts extending outwards are fixedly arranged on the upper cross rod;
The automatic winding drum comprises a drum body, two hanging lugs corresponding to the positions of the bolts are fixedly arranged on the drum body, and the hanging lugs are fastened through nuts after being hung on the bolts; the cylindrical shell is internally provided with a coiled sampling cloth, one end of the sampling cloth can be pulled out from an opening formed below the circular surface of the cylindrical shell, the other end of the sampling cloth is fixedly connected with a plane scroll spring arranged in the cylindrical shell, and the elastic strain energy accumulated by the plane scroll spring enables the sampling cloth to have a tendency of retracting into the cylindrical shell; the width of the sampling cloth is equal to or slightly smaller than the length of the lower transverse rod; the length of the sampling cloth which can be pulled out is larger than or equal to the distance between the lower end of the cylinder body and the lower cross rod plus the length of the front plate or the rear plate;
The movable planer comprises a front upright post, a rear upright post, an upper cross beam connected with the upper ends of the front upright post and the rear upright post, a cutting knife connected with the lower ends of the front upright post and the rear upright post, and a middle beam connected with the middle parts of the front upright post and the rear upright post, wherein a screw cap is fixedly arranged in the middle part of the middle beam, and a screw hole formed in the screw cap is concentric with the first through hole or the second through hole; dovetail sliding blocks which are respectively in sliding fit with the upper dovetail sliding rail and the lower dovetail sliding rail are fixedly arranged on the front upright post and the rear upright post; the edge part of the cutting knife faces to the side plate, the lower surface of the cutting knife is flush with the bottom end of the front plate, the rear plate or the side plate, and the free end of the sampling cloth is fixedly connected with the knife body of the cutting knife through a row of screws after bypassing the lower cross rod;
The driving mechanism comprises a screw rod, the screw rod penetrates through the side plate and then is fixedly connected with a hand wheel, a hub of the hand wheel is abutted to the outer wall of the side plate, and the screw rod is pivoted with the first through hole and the second through hole and is in threaded connection with the screw hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
① When the traditional intertidal zone biological sampling frame is used for collecting micro-plastic samples, the sampling frame is required to be placed on the surface of a coastal beach, then sand with a certain depth is dug, and the sampling process is time-consuming and labor-consuming. The collection device can be directly placed on the surface of a coast beach, the collection device is pressed to the sampling depth, then the sample collection can be completed by rotating the hand wheel, then the device is integrally taken out, and the sample is transferred to the sample bottle, so that the operation process is simple, accurate and rapid.
② When the traditional intertidal biological sampling frame is used for collecting micro-plastic samples, the shovel/shovel is used for digging sand with a certain depth, so that the randomness is high, the experimental result is not very accurate, and the experimental result has large deviation. The collecting device provided by the invention is provided with the scale, so that the sinking depth of the device can be accurately controlled, and the sample collection is accurate and objective.
③ The traditional biological sampling frame for the intertidal zone is mostly made of galvanized thin steel sheets, has large weight and volume, is easy to deform and is inconvenient to carry. The collection device is designed and manufactured according to the actual requirements and characteristics of the coastal tidal flat micro-plastic sampling, has smaller volume and is easy to carry, and meanwhile, all parts are made of solid stainless steel, aluminum alloy materials or engineering plastics, so that the collection device is corrosion-resistant and has better firmness.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the frame of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of another view of the frame of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the automatic reel of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the mobile planer of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the driving mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The counting device of the present invention is further described in connection with the following examples.
It should be noted that the following description is to further illustrate the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the present embodiment is limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or optimization based on the present embodiment under the guidance of the embodiments, which modifications or optimization fall within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawings, the coastal beach micro-plastic sample collection device comprises a frame, an automatic winding drum, a movable planer and a driving mechanism;
The frame includes a U-shaped housing including a front plate 111, a rear plate 112, and side plates 113 connecting the front and rear plates 111 and 112; the U-shaped shell is fixedly connected with a daily-shaped frame at the opening end, the daily-shaped frame comprises an upper cross rod 121, a lower cross rod 122 and a middle cross rod 123, and a first through hole 1231 is formed in the center of the middle cross rod 123; the inner walls of the front plate 111 and the rear plate 112 are respectively fixedly provided with an upper dovetail sliding rail 131 and a lower dovetail sliding rail 132 which are horizontally arranged, the upper dovetail sliding rail 131 is close to the upper end of the front plate 111 or the rear plate 112, and the lower dovetail sliding rail 132 is positioned at a half of the height of the front plate 111 or the rear plate 112; a reinforcing plate 141 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the side plate 113 at a position corresponding to the middle transverse plate 123, a second through hole 1411 is formed in the center of the reinforcing plate 141, and the second through hole 1411 is concentric with the first through hole 1231 and penetrates through the side plate 113; two bolts 181 extending outwards are fixedly arranged on the upper cross rod 121;
The automatic winding drum comprises a drum body 211, two hanging lugs 212 corresponding to the positions of the bolts 181 are fixedly arranged on the drum body, and the hanging lugs 212 are fastened by nuts after being hung on the bolts 181; a sampling cloth 213 wound in the cylinder 211 is arranged in the cylinder, one end of the sampling cloth can be pulled out from an opening arranged below the circular surface of the cylinder, the other end of the sampling cloth is fixedly connected with a plane scroll spring arranged in the cylinder, and the elastic strain energy accumulated by the plane scroll spring enables the sampling cloth to have a tendency of retracting into the cylinder; the width of the sample cloth is equal to or slightly less than the length of the bottom rail 122; the length of the sample cloth which can be pulled out is greater than or equal to the distance between the lower end of the cylinder and the lower cross bar 122 plus the length of the front plate 111 or the rear plate 112; a roller 124 is pivoted on the lower cross bar 122;
The movable planer comprises a front upright post 311, a rear upright post 312, an upper cross beam 313 connected with the upper ends of the front upright post 311 and the rear upright post 312, a cutting knife 314 connected with the lower ends of the front upright post 311 and the rear upright post 312, and a middle beam 315 connected with the middle parts of the front upright post 311 and the rear upright post 312, wherein a nut 316 is fixedly arranged in the middle part of the middle beam 315, and a screw hole 3161 formed in the nut 316 is concentric with the first through hole 1231 or the second through hole 1411; dovetail sliding blocks 317 which are respectively in sliding fit with the upper dovetail sliding rail 131 and the lower dovetail sliding rail 132 are fixedly arranged on the front upright post 311 and the rear upright post 312; the blade 3141 of the cutter 314 faces the side plate 113, the lower surface of the cutter 314 is flush with the bottom end of the front plate 111, the rear plate 112 or the side plate 113, and the free end of the sampling cloth 213 is fixedly connected with the cutter body of the cutter 314 through a row of screws 214 after bypassing the roller 124;
the driving mechanism comprises a screw 411, the screw 411 penetrates through the side plate 113 and then is fixedly connected with a hand wheel 412, a hub of the hand wheel 412 is abutted to the outer wall of the side plate 113, and the screw 411 is pivoted with the first through hole 1231 and the second through hole 1411 and is in threaded connection with the screw hole 3161.
Handles 151 are respectively fixed at opposite positions of the middle parts of the outer walls of the front plate 111 and the rear plate 112. The invention is convenient to take, and the sampling depth can be adjusted by grasping the invention.
Scales 161 starting from lower ends are provided at both ends of the side plates 113 at the open ends of the front and rear plates 111 and 112. The four scales are favorable for consistent depth before and after sampling, and the sampled sand layers are uniform in thickness.
A first handle 171 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper cross bar 121, and a second handle 318 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper cross bar 313. The invention is convenient to lift, and can be respectively grabbed and shaken by two hands to be loosened after the movable planer is fixed on the frame.
A crank 4121 is pivotally mounted to the hand wheel 412. The rotation speed is quickened.
A door opening corresponding to the lower part of the lower dovetail rail 132 and reaching the bottom end is formed on the front plate 111 or the rear plate 112, an outwardly opened sampling door 1111 is hinged above the door opening, and the sampling door 1111 is closed by a latch 1112. And the sampling is convenient.
The sampling cloth 213 is a thick and tough non-woven fabric, and other components of the collecting device are made of stainless steel. The sampling cloth can lift and convey the collected sample sand.
When the device is used, the hand wheel 412 is rotated to enable the middle beam 315 to move towards the direction away from the side plates, the blade body end of the cutting blade is finally abutted against the surface of the roller, at the moment, most of the sampling cloth is retracted into the cylinder body of the automatic winding drum, then a groove which is slightly larger than the shape of the roller and the shape of the cutting blade and is slightly deeper than the sampling depth is dug at the coast beach to be collected, then the roller and the cutting blade are placed into the groove, two hands respectively grasp one handle to press the device to the sand inside of the beach, the force applied by the two hands is adjusted at any time according to the indication of the four scales, the interface between the four scales and the beach is basically consistent, finally the hand wheel is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the cutting blade cuts and advances in the sand, the cutting blade drives the sampling cloth to enter the sand, therefore the sand of the beach within the frame enclosure is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the sand of the frame enclosure is the collected sample, and the sample is transferred from the door opening to the sample bottle.
Claims (4)
1. The shore beach micro-plastic sample collection device is characterized by comprising a frame, an automatic winding drum, a movable planer and a driving mechanism;
The frame includes a U-shaped housing including a front plate (111), a rear plate (112), and side plates (113) connecting the front plate (111) and the rear plate (112); the U-shaped shell is fixedly connected with a daily-shaped frame at the opening end, the daily-shaped frame comprises an upper cross rod (121), a lower cross rod (122) and a middle cross rod (123), and a first through hole (1231) is formed in the center of the middle cross rod (123); an upper dovetail sliding rail (131) and a lower dovetail sliding rail (132) which are horizontally arranged are respectively fixedly arranged on the inner walls of the front plate (111) and the rear plate (112), the upper dovetail sliding rail (131) is close to the upper end of the front plate (111) or the rear plate (112), and the lower dovetail sliding rail (132) is positioned at half of the height of the front plate (111) or the rear plate (112); a reinforcing plate (141) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the side plate (113) and at a position corresponding to the middle transverse plate (123), a second through hole (1411) is formed in the center of the reinforcing plate (141), and the second through hole (1411) is concentric with the first through hole (1231) and penetrates through the side plate (113); two bolts (181) extending outwards are fixedly arranged on the upper cross rod (121);
The automatic winding drum comprises a drum body (211), two hanging lugs (212) corresponding to the positions of the bolts (181) are fixedly arranged on the drum body, and the hanging lugs (212) are fastened through nuts after being hung on the bolts (181); a sampling cloth (213) wound in the cylinder (211) is arranged in the cylinder, one end of the sampling cloth can be pulled out from an opening formed below the circular surface of the cylinder, the other end of the sampling cloth is fixedly connected with a plane scroll spring arranged in the cylinder, and the elastic strain energy accumulated by the plane scroll spring enables the sampling cloth to have a tendency of retracting into the cylinder; the width of the sampling cloth is equal to or slightly smaller than the length of the lower cross bar (122); the length of the sampling cloth which can be pulled out is larger than or equal to the distance between the lower end of the cylinder body and the lower cross rod (122) plus the length of the front plate (111) or the rear plate (112);
The movable planer comprises a front upright post (311), a rear upright post (312), an upper cross beam (313) connected with the upper ends of the front upright post (311) and the rear upright post (312), a cutting knife (314) connected with the lower ends of the front upright post (311) and the rear upright post (312), and a middle beam (315) connected with the middle parts of the front upright post (311) and the rear upright post (312), wherein a screw cap (316) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the middle beam (315), and a screw hole (3161) formed in the screw cap (316) is concentric with the first through hole (1231) or the second through hole (1411); dovetail sliding blocks (317) which are respectively in sliding fit with the upper dovetail sliding rail (131) and the lower dovetail sliding rail (132) are fixedly arranged on the front upright post (311) and the rear upright post (312); the edge part (3141) of the cutting knife (314) faces the side plate (113), the lower surface of the cutting knife (314) is flush with the bottom end of the front plate (111), the rear plate (112) or the side plate (113), the lower cross rod (122) is pivoted with a roller (124), and the free end of the sampling cloth (213) is fixedly connected with the knife body of the cutting knife (314) through a row of screws (214) after bypassing the roller (124);
The driving mechanism comprises a screw rod (411), the screw rod (411) penetrates through the side plate (113) and then is fixedly connected with a hand wheel (412), a hub of the hand wheel (412) is abutted with the outer wall of the side plate (113), and the screw rod (411) is pivoted with the first through hole (1231) and the second through hole (1411) and is in threaded connection with the screw hole (3161);
Scales (161) starting from the lower ends are arranged at the opening ends of the front plate (111) and the rear plate (112) and at the two ends of the side plate (113);
A first lifting handle (171) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper cross rod (121), and a second lifting handle (318) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the upper cross rod (313);
The front plate (111) or the rear plate (112) is provided with a door opening which is arranged below the lower dovetail sliding rail (132) and directly reaches the bottom end, a sampling door (1111) which is outwards opened is hinged above the door opening, and the sampling door (1111) is closed through a bolt (1112).
2. The shore beach microplastic sample collection device of claim 1, wherein handles (151) are respectively fixed at the opposite positions of the middle parts of the outer walls of the front plate (111) and the rear plate (112).
3. The shore beach microplastic sample collection device of claim 1, wherein a crank (4121) is pivotally mounted on the hand wheel (412).
4. The shore beach microplastic sample collection device according to claim 1, wherein the sampling cloth (213) is a thick and tough non-woven fabric, and the other components of the collection device are made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy or engineering plastics with high hardness, strong wear resistance, aging resistance and no precipitation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810486521.0A CN108414275B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Little plastics sample collection device of coastal beach |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810486521.0A CN108414275B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Little plastics sample collection device of coastal beach |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108414275A CN108414275A (en) | 2018-08-17 |
| CN108414275B true CN108414275B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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| CN201810486521.0A Active CN108414275B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Little plastics sample collection device of coastal beach |
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