CN108414133A - The method and differential pressure measurement device of friction stree are measured under high temperature indirectly - Google Patents
The method and differential pressure measurement device of friction stree are measured under high temperature indirectly Download PDFInfo
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- CN108414133A CN108414133A CN201810124710.3A CN201810124710A CN108414133A CN 108414133 A CN108414133 A CN 108414133A CN 201810124710 A CN201810124710 A CN 201810124710A CN 108414133 A CN108414133 A CN 108414133A
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- pressure
- inclined hole
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L13/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
Abstract
The present invention relates to the differential pressure measurement devices for measuring friction stree under a kind of high temperature indirectly, including measurement head and differential pressure pickup, the measurement head is equipped with pressure measurement straight hole and pressure measurement inclined hole, the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole is connected to the flow field of part outer surface to be measured, and two measurement portions of the differential pressure pickup measure the air pressure in the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole respectively；The measurement head is embedded at the part to be measured, end face where the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole is flushed with the outer surface of the part to be measured, the line of the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole is perpendicular to the direction of flow in the flow field, the inclined direction of flow met to the flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole.The present invention also provides a kind of methods for measuring friction stree under high temperature indirectly.Differential pressure measurement device high temperature resistant provided by the invention, simple in structure, easy for installation, stream field influences small, can be used in accurately measuring true skin friction stress.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods and differential pressure measurement that measure friction stree under field of sensing technologies more particularly to high temperature indirectly
Device.
Background technology
Friction stree is very big for flow field and in the object contributions of flow, is a key measurement target.It is logical
Measurement pressure difference is crossed, friction stree can be calculated.But in extreme environment, such as under conditions of high temperature and high speed, measurement rubs
The sensor for wiping strain gauge or measurement pressure difference can not normal use.And existing friction stree measuring device, no matter
It is direct measuring device or indirect measurement system, usual volume is larger, and needs to be transformed part surface to be measured when installation,
The part to be measured surface shape of itself is destroyed, the distribution of part External airflow field to be measured is disturbed, it is especially high in hypersonic high temperature
Under fast environment, non-smooth surface can make flow field generate prodigious disturbance so that skin friction stress measures failure, while Aerodynamic Heating
Tip, which is concentrated, can cause to assemble a large amount of Aerodynamic Heating at friction stree sensor, may burn measuring device, or even burn to be measured
Part surface.
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve existing friction stree measuring device can not in the high temperature environment make
With, and the problem of flow field can be disturbed, can not accurately measure true skin friction stress.
(2) technical solution
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides the differential pressure measurements for measuring friction stree under a kind of high temperature indirectly
Device, including measurement head and differential pressure pickup, the measurement head be equipped with pressure measurement straight hole and pressure measurement inclined hole, the pressure measurement straight hole and
The inlet end of the pressure measurement inclined hole is connected to the flow field of part outer surface to be measured, and two measurement portions of the differential pressure pickup are surveyed respectively
Measure the air pressure in the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole；
The measurement head is embedded at the part to be measured, the end where the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole
Face is flushed with the outer surface of the part to be measured, and the line of the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole is perpendicular to described
The direction of flow in flow field, the inclined direction of flow met to the flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole.
Preferably, the measurement head is made of heat safe metal or alloy.
Preferably, the direction of flow angular range in the pressure measurement inclined hole and the flow field is 25 °~70 °.
Preferably, minimum range ranging from 0~20mm between the pressure measurement straight hole and the inlet end of the pressure measurement inclined hole；
The pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole are the equal circular hole of diameter, and diameter range is 0.1~2mm；The pressure measurement straight hole and
The length range of the pressure measurement inclined hole is 10~20mm.
Preferably, further include two pressure output connectors, two measurement portions of the differential pressure pickup pass through institute respectively
Pressure output connector is stated to connect with the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole.
Preferably, it is equipped between the pressure measurement straight hole and the outlet side and the pressure output connector of the pressure measurement inclined hole
Pressure connecting channels；The output end of the pressure connecting channels is equipped with sealing screw thread, the pressure output connector and the pressure
Power interface channel is threadedly coupled.
Preferably, the measurement head is cylindrical metal part, the inlet end point of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole
Both sides in the cylindrical metal part center of circle are not set；It is additionally provided with flange mounting portion in the measurement head, is used for the survey
Amount head is fixedly installed to the part to be measured.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods for measuring friction stree under high temperature indirectly, include the following steps：
The relational expression of differential pressure measurement device institute described in any one of the above embodiments pressure measurement difference and the friction stree at its pressure measurement difference
For：
In relational expression：Δ P is pressure difference, and A and B are constant to be calibrated, τwFor friction stree, ρ is current density, and μ is power
Viscosity, h are characterized height, are determined by the structure of the differential pressure measurement device,D is the diameter of the pressure measurement inclined hole, θ
For the angle between the pressure measurement inclined hole and the direction of flow in flow field；
The differential pressure measurement device is fitted into caliberating device, under the environment different in flow rate in calibration flow field, passes through institute
It states caliberating device to demarcate the relational expression, obtains the relational expression of at least two A and B, solve the numerical value of A and B；
The calibrated differential pressure measurement device is mounted on part to be measured, measures pressure differential deltap P；It is measured and is filled using current density
The current density ρ for setting the flow field for measuring the part surface to be measured measures the part surface to be measured using dynamic viscosity measuring device
Flow field dynamic viscosity μ；
Pass through the relational expression：Solution obtains the friction stree on the part surface to be measured.
Preferably, the caliberating device includes flow field channel, differential pressure measurement device fixed part and multiple pitots；
The probe portion of multiple pitots stretches into the flow field channel, meets the incoming side to the calibration flow field
To the flow velocity for detecting the calibration flow field；
The differential pressure measurement device is mounted on by the differential pressure measurement device fixed part on the side wall of the flow field channel,
And after mounting, the inner surface of the end face and the flow field channel where the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole
It flushes, the calibration between the pressure measurement straight hole and the inlet end and two pitots of the pressure measurement inclined hole is connected with flow field
It is logical, the inlet end line of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole perpendicular to the calibration flow field direction of flow, it is described
The inclined direction of flow met to the flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole.
Preferably, the calibration flow field being located in the flow field channel is provided using wind-tunnel or wind turbine；
It is in control the calibration by the air speed and flows through the forward and backward flow velocity of the differential pressure measurement device with flow field, calculates
Obtain the friction stree at differential pressure measurement device institute pressure measurement difference；
According to the obtained friction stree, pass through differential pressure measurement device institute pressure measurement difference and rubbing at its pressure measurement difference
The relational expression for wiping stress, obtains the relational expression of A and B.
(3) advantageous effect
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention has the following advantages that：Friction stree is measured indirectly under high temperature provided by the invention
Differential pressure measurement apparatus structure is simple, is easily installed arrangement, it might even be possible to be arranged in the measuring system of pressure, to part surface to be measured
Flow is small, and not will produce Aerodynamic Heating, can be used in accurately measuring true skin friction stress under high temperature.The present invention carries
The principle that indirect pressure measurement measures is utilized in the method for measuring friction stree indirectly at a high temperature of, can overcome differential pressure pickup without
Method measures the problem of high temperature flow field, for accurately measuring true skin friction stress.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of measurement head in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the line A-A sectional view in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the line B-B sectional view in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of pressure output connector in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 be measured indirectly under high temperature of the embodiment of the present invention friction stree differential pressure measurement device measurement head and pressure it is defeated
Go out after connector device matches, line A-A diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 6 be measured indirectly under high temperature of the embodiment of the present invention friction stree differential pressure measurement device measurement head and pressure it is defeated
Go out after connector device matches, line B-B diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 7 is that apparatus structure schematic diagram is demarcated in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the line D-D sectional view in Fig. 7；
Fig. 9 is the top view of caliberating device in the embodiment of the present invention；
In figure：1：Measurement head；11：Pressure measurement inclined hole；12：Pressure measurement straight hole；13：Seal screw thread；14：Pressure connecting channels；15：
Mounting-positioning holes；2：Pressure output connector；3：Flow field channel；4：Pitot；41：Pitot guide pile；5：Differential pressure measurement fills
Set fixed part.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiment that member is obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The differential pressure measurement device for measuring friction stree under high temperature provided by the present invention indirectly is measured using indirect pressure-measuring type
Friction stree, measuring principle are as follows：The pressure tap of two types is designed, one of them is pressure measurement straight hole 12, and measurement can must wait for
Part Surface Static Pressure is surveyed, another is pressure measurement inclined hole 11, and measuring can obtain with the stagnation pressure centainly lost, be measured by differential pressure pickup
The pressure difference of two pressure taps, measure gained pressure difference and the friction stree of measured place there are correspondences, for friction stree τw,
Frictional resistance i.e. in unit area, τwThe correspondence of pressure differential deltap P between two pressure taps is：
Work as reynolds number RehWhen smaller, viscous force accounts for leading, Δ P ∝ τw；
Work as reynolds number RehWhen larger, inertia force account for it is leading,
The relationship obtained between pressure difference and friction stree is represented by：
Wherein, ρ is current density, and μ is dynamic viscosity, and current density and dynamic viscosity can pass through the existing survey of the prior art
Amount device measures；H is characterized height, is determined by the structure of differential pressure measurement device,D is the pressure measurement inclined hole 11
Diameter, angles of the θ between the pressure measurement inclined hole 11 and the direction of flow in flow field, A and B are constant to be calibrated, can pass through mark
It is fixed to determine.
After being demarcated to differential pressure measurement device by caliberating device, A and B are obtained, establishes part skin friction stress to be measured
Measure gained pressure difference between true relation formula, in conjunction with current density measuring device measure flow field current density,
The dynamic viscosity in the flow field that dynamic viscosity measuring device measures and differential pressure measurement device provided by the present invention measure to be measured
Part surface pressure difference solves and obtains true skin friction stress, final realize measures friction stree indirectly under high temperature environment
Or frictional resistance.
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the differential pressure measurement of friction stree is measured under a kind of high temperature provided in an embodiment of the present invention indirectly
Device, including measurement head 1 and differential pressure pickup (not shown), measurement head 1 are equipped with pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11,
The inlet end of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 is connected to the flow field flowed along part to be measured outer surface, two of differential pressure pickup
Measurement portion is connected to the outlet side in pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 respectively, i.e., measures pressure measurement straight hole 12 respectively and pressure measurement is oblique
Air pressure in hole 11.Differential pressure pickup in the present invention is the pressure inputted with pressure measurement straight hole 12 for measuring pressure measurement inclined hole 11
Difference does not further limit it at this.Obviously, in other embodiments, can also respectively be surveyed using two pressure sensors
The pressure in straightening hole 12 and the input of pressure measurement inclined hole 11 is measured, then calculates the pressure difference of the two, can realize and measure two pressure taps
The function of pressure difference.
Measurement head 1 is embedded at part to be measured, the end face where the inlet end of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 and part to be measured
Outer surface flush, that is, the direction of flow in flow field is located at the inlet end institute of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 planar, keeps away
The shape for exempting from measurement head 1 interferes part surface flow field to be measured.
The present embodiment measures friction stree indirectly differential pressure measurement device at a high temperature of providing uses embedded inclined tube
Structure will not generate pneumatic heated tip concentration phenomenon in use, therefore the differential pressure measurement device of the present embodiment can be used for
It works in high temperature and high speed environment.Since measurement head 1 is directly connected to high temperature flow field, it is therefore preferred that measurement head 1 uses resistance to height
The metal or alloy of temperature is made, such as stainless steel.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, the direction of flow in the arrow expression flow field in figure, pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11
The line of inlet end is perpendicular to the direction of flow in flow field, the inclined direction of flow met to flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole 11, with flow field
Direction of flow angular range is 25 °~70 °, preferably 60 °.
To ensure that pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 are in same flow field state, measurement accuracy, two pressure taps are improved
Top between should keep smaller distance, and it is more closer better, but due to design upper two pressure taps can not possibly infinite approach,
Preferably, minimum range ranging from 0~20mm between 11 top of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole.
When the diameter of pressure tap is too small, sensitivity is relatively low, can influence the sensitivity measured；When pressure measurement bore dia is excessive
When, pressure tap meeting interference flowing field influences the accuracy measured.To ensure that the sensitivity and accuracy of pressure difference measurements, pressure measurement are straight
Hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 are the equal circular hole of diameter, and diameter range is 0.1~2mm, preferably 1mm.
The length of two pressure taps can also have an impact measurement accuracy, and the length of two pressure taps herein refers to surveying
Projected length of the length and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 in straightening hole 12 on 12 direction of pressure measurement straight hole.The too short meeting of the length of two pressure taps
Stream field generates interference, too long to lead to the oversized of measurement head 1, should not install, therefore, the length of two pressure taps is not answered
Less than 10mm, preferably 10~20mm.
In order to avoid measurement head 1 to change the shape of part to be measured as possible, reduce surface radian of the alignment measurement head 1 to part to be measured
Influence, and then reduce stream field caused by interfere, the area that measurement head 1 is contacted with flow field should be as small as possible, and 1 surface of measurement head
Degree of roughness should be consistent with part surface to be measured.As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, specific in the present embodiment, measurement head 1 is cylinder
Stainless steel metal part, diameter range are 20~30mm, preferably 20mm.The top of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 is set respectively
Set the both sides in the cylindrical metal part center of circle.Flange mounting portion is additionally provided in measurement head 1, flange installation position is in cylindrical metal
The bottom of part is equipped with several mounting-positioning holes 15, for measurement head 1 to be fixedly installed to part to be measured, it is ensured that stream when installation
Position relationship between the direction of flow and pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 of field.The pass of measurement head 1 and flow field direction of flow
System is as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
Specifically, which further includes two pressure output connectors 2, and measurement head 1 is connected by pressure output
Measurement portion output pressure of the device 2 to differential pressure pickup is connect, the structure of pressure output connector 2 is as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.Pressure difference passes
Two measurement portions of sensor (not shown) are connected by pressure output connector 2 and pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 respectively
It connects.
Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the outlet side of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 and pressure are defeated
Go out between connector 2 equipped with pressure connecting channels 14.The input terminal of pressure connecting channels 14 and pressure measurement straight hole 12 or pressure measurement inclined hole
11 outlet side connection, output end are equipped with sealing screw thread 13, and pressure connecting channels 14 are threadedly coupled with pressure output connector 2,
The sealed connection for ensureing pressure measurement straight hole 12 or pressure measurement inclined hole 11 and pressure output connector 2 makes pressure transmission access not by dry
It disturbs.
In conclusion the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree, structure are measured under present embodiments providing a kind of high temperature indirectly
Simply, easy for installation, it might even be possible to be arranged in the measuring system of pressure.In use, measurement head 1 is embedded in determinand, and it is to be measured
The surface of object flushes, and the pressure tap in measurement head 1 avoids the interference to determinand surface flow field, Neng Gouyong by design
In measuring true skin friction stress indirectly.
The present invention also provides a kind of methods for measuring friction stree under high temperature indirectly, include the following steps：
Differential pressure measurement device institute's pressure measurement difference and the relational expression of the friction stree at its pressure measurement difference in above-described embodiment are：
In relational expression：Δ P is pressure difference, and A and B are constant to be calibrated, τwFor friction stree.ρ is current density, and μ is power
Viscosity, both can be measured by measuring device in the prior art.H is characterized height, by the structure of differential pressure measurement device
It determines,D is the diameter of pressure measurement inclined hole 11, angles of the θ between pressure measurement inclined hole 11 and the direction of flow in flow field.
The differential pressure measurement device is fitted into caliberating device, under the environment different in flow rate in calibration flow field, passes through institute
It states caliberating device to demarcate the relational expression, obtains the relational expression of at least two A and B, solve the numerical value of A and B.
Calibrated differential pressure measurement device is mounted on part to be measured, pressure differential deltap P is measured；Using current density measuring device
The current density ρ for measuring the flow field on part surface to be measured measures the dynamic of the flow field on part surface to be measured using dynamic viscosity measuring device
Power viscosity, mu.
Preferably, the air-flow that the flow field on part surface to be measured is calculated in the present embodiment by the temperature in flow field and air pressure is close
Spend ρ and dynamic viscosity μ.
The expression formula of current density is：
Wherein, ρ is current density, and P is air pressure, and T is temperature, and R is gas constant, the R=287J/kgK of air.I.e. originally
Current density measuring device in embodiment includes temperature measuring equipment.The optional pyrometer of temperature measuring equipment, thermal imaging system or thermocouple etc. are surveyed
Optional pressure sensor of pneumatic shuttle etc..
Dynamic viscosity is temperature and the parameter of gaseous species, and the relational expression of dynamic viscosity can be expressed as：
Wherein, μ0Dynamic viscosity when being 15 DEG C, μ0=1.7894e-5, B is constant related with gaseous species, air
B=110.4K.Dynamic viscosity measuring device i.e. in the present embodiment includes measuring device and survey pneumatic shuttle, wherein temperature measuring equipment
Optional pyrometer, thermal imaging system or thermocouple etc..
Current density measuring device and dynamic viscosity measuring device in the present embodiment can share temperature measuring equipment, that is, pass through survey
Warm device and survey pneumatic shuttle, you can measure the current density ρ and dynamic viscosity μ in the flow field on part surface to be measured.Certainly, at other
In embodiment, other modes can also be used to measure current density ρ and dynamic viscosity μ.
Pass through relational expression：Above-mentioned parameters are brought into relational expression and are solved, you can are obtained
The friction stree on part surface to be measured.
As shown in Figure 7 to 9, caliberating device used in the present embodiment includes that flow field channel 3, differential pressure measurement device are fixed
Portion 5 and multiple pitots 4.Arrow in figure indicates the flowing in flow field, i.e. direction of flow.The probe portion of multiple pitots 4 is stretched
Enter in flow field channel 3, meets the direction of flow to calibration flow field, the flow velocity for detecting calibration flow field.
Differential pressure measurement device to be calibrated is mounted on by differential pressure measurement device fixed part 5 on the side wall of flow field channel 3, and
After mounting, the end face where the inlet end of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 is flushed with the inner surface of flow field channel 3, pressure measurement
Calibration between the inlet end of straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 and two pitots 4 is connected to flow field, i.e. the institute of each pitot 4
The calibration flow field range of measurement should cover the calibration the surveyed flow field range at measurement head 1.In other words, at least one air speed
Pipe 4 measures the calibration flow field for not flowing through measurement head 1, and at least one pitot 4 measures the calibration stream after flowing through measurement head 1
, provide accurate flow field data for calibration.The inlet end line of pressure measurement straight hole 12 and pressure measurement inclined hole 11 is flowed perpendicular to calibration
The direction of flow of field, the inclined direction of flow met to flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole 11.
Preferably, flow field channel 3 is made of material identical with measurement head 1, roughness and the measurement head 1 of inner surface
Roughness it is consistent.Specific in the present embodiment, flow field channel 3 is made of stainless steel structure, and longitudinal section is square, Ke Yishi
For various extreme flow fields environments, higher temperature and stronger disturbance can be born, be unlikely to deform, and with institute in the present embodiment
1 material of measurement head is identical, is applicable to the calibration environment of high temperature.Flow field channel 3 is welded by the stainless steel plate by polishing
Connection, weld smooth welding joint impulse- free robustness avoid interfering calibration with flow field.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, specific in the present embodiment, 4 small size L-type pitots 4 pass through pitot guide pile
41 are fixed on a side of flow field channel 3, and the probe portion of pitot 4 stretches into the depth of flow field channel 3 along calibration stream
The direction of flow of field successively increases, it is ensured that the pitot 4 for first touching calibration flow field does not interfere with the survey of posterior pitot 4
Amount, avoids interfering with each other between each pitot 4, influences the flowing in calibration flow field.Preferably, adjacent in 4 pitots 4
The distance of two pitots 4 is equal.
The flow velocity that calibration flow field is measured by multiple pitots 4, calibration is simulated with flow field flow line speed, can
True flow field velocity change curve is obtained, more accurately to calculate friction stree.Obviously, in other embodiments,
The number of pitot 4 can be changed as needed.
Specific in the present embodiment, differential pressure measurement device fixed part 5 is in the plane on the side wall adjacent with pitot 4
Heart district domain, including measurement head guide pile and 4 positioning bolts.Measurement head guide pile is hollow structure, and end connects with flow field channel 3
Logical, positioning bolt is arranged on the top of measurement head guide pile.When installation, measurement head 1 is inserted into measurement head guide pile, is flowed with calibration
Connection, positioning bolt are inserted into mounting-positioning holes 15 in measurement head 1 and fix measurement head 1, and when installation should ensure measurement head 1 simultaneously
With the position relationship of flow field channel 3 and two position relationships between pressure tap and direction of flow.
By measuring temperature and pressure in the present embodiment, gas density and dynamic viscosity are measured indirectly, it is preferable that calibration dress
It further includes temperature measuring equipment and survey pneumatic shuttle to set, and both of which is the prior art.And due to the flow field for same state, air-flow
Density and dynamic viscosity belong to stable atmospheric parameter, and temperature measuring equipment and survey pneumatic shuttle can be arranged in the outside of flow field channel 3.
In the present embodiment, when the above-mentioned caliberating device of differential pressure measurement device loading to be calibrated is demarcated, using wind-tunnel
Or wind turbine provides the calibration flow field being located in flow field channel 3, calibration flow field is steady flow field.It is marked by pitot 4
It is fixed to flow through the forward and backward flow velocity of differential pressure measurement device to be calibrated with flow field, it is calculated at differential pressure measurement device institute pressure measurement difference
Friction stree.
Specifically, it when solving friction stree, can be calculated according to the formula of theorem of kinetic energy and friction working.First really
The flow field velocity that flow field changes along grain direction is used in calibration surely, then calculates 3 surface of flow rate attenuation and flow field channel of this section
The acting of the relationship of frictional resistance, i.e. frictional resistance causes the flow field velocity in calibration flow field to reduce, and finally obtains this section of flow field
The frictional resistance curve in channel 3, friction stree are the frictional resistance on unit area.
According to obtained friction stree, pass through the friction stree at differential pressure measurement device institute's pressure measurement difference and its pressure measurement difference
Relational expression obtains the relational expression of A and B.The relational expression for obtaining two A and B solves A's and B using linear equation in two unknowns group
Numerical value.
Preferably, after the numerical value that A and B can also be solved again, third A and B are obtained with flow field by calibration different in flow rate
Relational expression, bring into and checked with the friction stree at its pressure measurement difference by differential pressure measurement device institute's pressure measurement difference.
In the relationship of mark Timing measurement multigroup friction stree and pressure difference, the function curve of friction stree and pressure difference can be obtained,
By the relational expression of institute's pressure measurement difference and the friction stree of its pressure measurement difference it is found that the function curve is through zero crossing, and solves section and lead
Number is just.Therefore, it when solving friction stree, takes by the ascending power section of (0,0) point in curve, and in first interval
Solution.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under a kind of high temperature indirectly, it is characterised in that：
Including measurement head and differential pressure pickup, the measurement head be equipped with pressure measurement straight hole and pressure measurement inclined hole, the pressure measurement straight hole and
The inlet end of the pressure measurement inclined hole is connected to the flow field of part outer surface to be measured, and two measurement portions of the differential pressure pickup are surveyed respectively
Measure the air pressure in the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole；
The measurement head is embedded at the part to be measured, the end face where the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole with
The outer surface of the part to be measured flushes, and the line of the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole is perpendicular to the flow field
Direction of flow, the inclined direction of flow met to the flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole.
2. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under high temperature according to claim 1 indirectly, it is characterised in that：It is described
Measurement head is made of heat safe metal or alloy.
3. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under high temperature according to claim 1 indirectly, it is characterised in that：It is described
The direction of flow angular range in pressure measurement inclined hole and the flow field is 25 °~70 °.
4. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under high temperature according to claim 1 indirectly, it is characterised in that：It is described
Minimum range ranging from 0~20mm between pressure measurement straight hole and the inlet end of the pressure measurement inclined hole；The pressure measurement straight hole and described
Pressure measurement inclined hole is the equal circular hole of diameter, and diameter range is 0.1~2mm；The length of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole
Ranging from 10~20mm.
5. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under high temperature according to claim 1 indirectly, it is characterised in that：Also wrap
Two pressure output connectors are included, two measurement portions of the differential pressure pickup pass through the pressure output connector and institute respectively
Pressure measurement straight hole is stated to connect with the pressure measurement inclined hole.
6. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under high temperature according to claim 5 indirectly, it is characterised in that：It is described
Pressure connecting channels are equipped between pressure measurement straight hole and the outlet side and the pressure output connector of the pressure measurement inclined hole；The pressure
The output end of power interface channel is equipped with sealing screw thread, and the pressure output connector is threadedly coupled with the pressure connecting channels.
7. the differential pressure measurement device of friction stree is measured under high temperature according to claim 1 indirectly, it is characterised in that：It is described
Measurement head is cylindrical metal part, and the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole is separately positioned on the cylindrical gold
Belong to the both sides in the part center of circle；Flange mounting portion is additionally provided in the measurement head, for the measurement head to be fixedly installed to described wait for
Survey part.
8. a kind of method for measuring friction stree under high temperature indirectly, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
The relationship of claim 1-7 any one of them differential pressure measurement devices institute's pressure measurement difference and the friction stree at its pressure measurement difference
Formula is：
In relational expression：Δ P is pressure difference, and A and B are constant to be calibrated, τwFor friction stree, ρ is current density, and μ is dynamic viscosity, h
It is characterized height, is determined by the structure of the differential pressure measurement device,D is the diameter of the pressure measurement inclined hole, and θ is described
Angle between pressure measurement inclined hole and the direction of flow in flow field；
The differential pressure measurement device is fitted into caliberating device, under the environment different in flow rate in calibration flow field, passes through the mark
Determine device to demarcate the relational expression, obtain the relational expression of at least two A and B, solves the numerical value of A and B；
The calibrated differential pressure measurement device is mounted on part to be measured, measures pressure differential deltap P；It is surveyed using current density measuring device
The current density ρ for measuring the flow field on the part surface to be measured measures the stream on the part surface to be measured using dynamic viscosity measuring device
The dynamic viscosity μ of field；
Pass through the relational expression：Solution obtains the friction stree on the part surface to be measured.
9. the method for measuring friction stree under high temperature according to claim 8 indirectly, it is characterised in that：
The caliberating device includes flow field channel, differential pressure measurement device fixed part and multiple pitots；
The probe portion of multiple pitots stretches into the flow field channel, meets the direction of flow to the calibration flow field,
Flow velocity for detecting the calibration flow field；
The differential pressure measurement device is mounted on by the differential pressure measurement device fixed part on the side wall of the flow field channel, and
After installation, the end face and the inner surface of the flow field channel where the inlet end of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole are neat
Flat, the calibration between the pressure measurement straight hole and the inlet end and two pitots of the pressure measurement inclined hole is connected with flow field
It is logical, the inlet end line of the pressure measurement straight hole and the pressure measurement inclined hole perpendicular to the calibration flow field direction of flow, it is described
The inclined direction of flow met to the flow field of pressure measurement inclined hole.
10. the method for measuring friction stree under high temperature according to claim 9 indirectly, it is characterised in that：
The calibration flow field being located in the flow field channel is provided using wind-tunnel or wind turbine；
It is in control the calibration by the air speed and flows through the forward and backward flow velocity of the differential pressure measurement device with flow field, is calculated
Friction stree at differential pressure measurement device institute pressure measurement difference；
According to the obtained friction stree, answered by differential pressure measurement device institute pressure measurement difference and the friction at its pressure measurement difference
The relational expression of power obtains the relational expression of A and B.
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| CN112729752A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Spaceflight friction resistance sensor based on K-shaped pipe differential pressure measurement |
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