CN108401265B - Random access control method for machine-to-machine communication - Google Patents
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
- H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a random access control method for machine-to-machine communication. The method comprises the following steps: the machine sends a preamble sequence to a cellular device acting as a gateway; the cellular equipment executes initial collision detection according to the leader sequence and sends a random access detection report to the evolution base station; and the evolution base station allocates random access resources according to the random access detection report. The invention avoids the problems of hidden nodes and exposed nodes, performs dynamic resource allocation on the random access request information, and realizes resource multiplexing and random access preamble multiplexing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a random access control method, in particular to a random access control method for machine-to-machine communication, and belongs to the technical field of internet of things.
Background
In the internet of things (internet of things) world of the future, Machine-to-Machine communication (M2M) is considered as one of the most important technical aspects. The M2M technology focuses on interconnection and centralized control management of mobile terminals, and is a main business field of the internet of things of communication operators. At present, how to deeply integrate a wireless sensor, a sensor network and a cellular wireless system is still one of the main technical problems to be solved urgently in the M2M technology.
Fig. 1 shows an example of a solution in the prior art for implementing the M2M technique in a cellular radio system. The system includes an evolved node B (eNB), a plurality of cellular devices/UEs (UE a, UE B, UE C, and UE D are taken as examples in fig. 1) as M2M gateways, and a plurality of M2M machines (devices for short) respectively connected to the cellular devices/UEs. Among them, M2M machines have only one air interface (LTE TDD) and share the spectrum of the downlink channel of FDD/TDD cellular wireless systems. As shown in fig. 1, different machines need to send data to the evolved base station with the help of the cellular device/user equipment as the M2M gateway. Here, it is assumed that all cellular devices/user equipments acting as gateways are in RRC (radio resource control) connected mode.
The enb uses a downlink channel and an uplink channel of a cellular system in an FDD manner, and transmits signals to a machine and a cellular device (M2M gateway) on a downlink carrier, and receives signals only from the cellular device serving as the gateway on an uplink carrier.
The cellular device/user equipment (capable of acting as an M2M gateway or sensor gateway, referred to as gateway UE for short) uses the uplink and downlink channels of the cellular system in FDD. Signals are transmitted to the evolved node B on an uplink carrier and received from the machine and the evolved node B on a downlink carrier.
The machine uses the downlink channel resources of the cellular system in a TDD manner. Signals are transmitted to the cellular device or alternatively to other machines on a downlink carrier and received from the evolved base station or alternatively from other machines on the downlink carrier.
The problem of Random Access Channel (RACH) congestion has been widely discussed in 3GPP, where a large number of machines may be triggered by the same event, starting their random access procedure at the same time. Due to the limited number of RACHs in LTE, this situation will inevitably cause severe congestion, as many machines will try to access on the same RACH.
For the scenario in fig. 1, one solution to alleviate RACH congestion is to implement resource reuse, where two distant machines can simultaneously use the same radio resource to send random access request information to their corresponding gateway UEs. To implement this multiplexing, a machine that needs random access will first send an occupation signal to pre-occupy the reserved resources that are subsequently used to transmit random access request information. The random access request information includes detailed machine Identification (ID) and related information. When the gateway UE successfully receives the random access request message, it forwards the message to the enb through a dedicated signaling channel. In this solution, the occupancy signal has two main functions:
(1) pre-collision control by occupancy signals: any machine that hears the occupancy signal will not send the occupancy signal for a certain amount of time. Only one machine (ideally) will send an occupied signal and it will use the reserved resources to send its random access request information. The other machines will delay their random access to the next random access period. It should be noted that when two machines transmit simultaneously an occupancy signal and they do not detect each other, a collision may also occur on the reserved resources.
(2) Multiplexing control: since a machine that does not detect any busy signal can transmit a busy signal, the reserved resources for transmitting the random access request information can be multiplexed by machines that are far apart. If one machine cannot hear any busy signal because it is far away from other machines, it can certainly reuse resources for low power random access request information transmission.
However, the following problems still exist in the above solution:
(1) since the machine can only be in the detection state or in the state of sending the occupied signal at the same time, the pre-collision control can only be performed on a series of M2M RACHs (for transmission of occupied signals) in the time domain.
(2) The resources for transmitting the random access request information are reserved in advance and cannot be dynamically changed according to the load condition of the request. Thus, once a large number of machines are triggered, their random access procedure will experience a long delay.
(3) Since the multiplexing is performed depending on whether the machine monitors the occupied signal, the hidden node problem and the exposed node problem will reduce the efficiency of resource multiplexing.
Hidden node problem this problem is illustrated in figure 2. When machine M1 sends the busy signal, machine M2 is far from M1 and M2 cannot hear the busy signal, therefore, M2 can send its own busy signal to the same gateway UE. In the subsequent transmission of the random access request information, the signal transmitted by M2 will interfere with the signal transmitted by M1.
Exposing the node problem this problem is illustrated in figure 3. Machines M1 and M2 may reuse resources as their interference to UEA and UEB is acceptable. However, since M2 can hear the M1 busy signal, M2 will not multiplex the resource for transmission of the random access request information.
(4) Since the gateway UE only forwards the random access request information to the enb, the enb cannot obtain the resource multiplexing information. Therefore, the enb cannot consider the situation of resource reuse to schedule the traffic of the future machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a random access control method for machine-to-machine communication.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a random access control method for machine-to-machine communication, comprising the steps of:
the machine sends a preamble sequence to a cellular device acting as a gateway;
the cellular equipment executes initial conflict detection according to the leader sequence and sends a random access detection report to the evolution base station;
and the evolution type base station distributes random access resources according to the random access detection report.
Preferably, the cellular device sends the detected preamble sequence identifier without collision to the enb.
Preferably, the random access detection report includes a format field for indicating a format of the preamble sequence.
Preferably, the format field is represented in a bitmap manner or a length manner by using different values.
Preferably, the random access detection report includes the format field and the length field when the preamble sequence is expressed in a length manner.
Preferably, the enb allocates resources only for each different preamble sequence reported by the cellular device.
Preferably, the enb allocates the same resource to the two cellular devices when the two cellular devices report the same preamble sequence.
Preferably, the cellular device determines a receiving behavior based on the preamble sequence reported by the cellular device and the resource allocated by the enb.
Compared with the prior art, the random access control method provided by the invention avoids the problems of node hiding and node exposing, performs dynamic resource allocation on the random access request information, and realizes resource multiplexing and random access preamble multiplexing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an example solution for implementing M2M technology in a cellular wireless system;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a random access control method provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example format of a random access detection report in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the present invention will be further explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
To overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and avoid the RACH congestion problem, the present invention proposes an initial collision detection of the random access preamble sequence of the M2M machine by the gateway UE (cellular device capable of acting as a gateway). Then, the gateway UE sends a random access detection report to the enb.
Thereafter, the enb may obtain sufficient resource reuse information based on the random access detection reports of all the gateway UEs. Therefore, the evolved node b can allocate resources for the next random access request information and the traffic of the future machine in consideration of the resource reuse.
Each gateway UE may automatically determine a receiving behavior of a signal sent by the machine according to a random access preamble sequence reported before and a PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) scheduling associated with random access from an enodeb. Therefore, no additional signaling needs to be added to inform the gateway UE of the reception behavior, and the signaling overhead can be reduced.
The random access control method provided by the invention mainly comprises four characteristics: the first is initial collision detection by the gateway UE and random access detection reports that are subsequently sent to the evolved base station. The second is a resource allocation algorithm for the random access request information after the evolved node b considers the resource multiplexing situation. And thirdly, the gateway UE automatically determines the receiving behavior according to the preamble sequence reported before and the PDCCH scheduling related to the random access. And the fourth is that the evolved node B can schedule the future service of the machine by utilizing the multiplexing information in the random access detection report and considering the resource multiplexing among the machines.
As shown in fig. 2, the random access control method provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step a: the machine randomly selects a random access preamble sequence from a predefined set of preamble sequences and sends it to the cellular device acting as a gateway.
In the M2M system scenario as shown in fig. 1, when the machines obtain the location information of the RACH, they will randomly select a delay and randomly select a random access preamble sequence from a predefined set of preamble sequences, and then transmit the random access preamble sequence after the randomly selected delay on the random access channel. It should be noted that in the M2M scenario discussed herein, the RACH is on the downlink spectrum and its location may be informed by the enodeb via a broadcast channel. After the M2M machine sends the preamble sequence to the cellular device, only the gateway UE will detect the preamble sequences sent by all machines, so the hidden node problem or the exposed node problem in the prior art will not occur.
Basically, there are two kinds of selection ways for the machine to randomly access the preamble sequence. If a new random access radio network temporary identity (RA-RNTI) is defined for the machine, random access by the machine will not affect random access by the cellular device/user equipment at all, since the machine uses a different RACH in the downlink frame than the cellular device/user equipment uses the RACH in the uplink frame. In this case, the machine and gateway UE may multiplex the same preamble sequence group in their random access procedure.
In another option, the existing LTE RA-RNTI is used for both random access for the gateway UE and random access for the machine, and the original set of cellular preamble sequences will be divided into two subsets: one for the gateway UE; and the other for the machine. At this point, the random access of the gateway UE will be affected by the random access of the machine, although no change to the RA-RNTI is required.
Step b: the gateway UE performs collision detection and sends a random access detection report to the base station.
After the machine sends the random access leader sequence, the gateway UE in the invention will execute the initial conflict detection to find the local conflict, i.e. the local machine conflict will be directly detected by the gateway UE, and only the non-conflicting random access leader sequence will be reported to the evolved node B.
Of course, in some special cases, two machines may send the same preamble sequence to the same gateway UE at the same time. In this case the gateway UE will not be able to find the collision until the next time the two machines fail to send random access requests on the same resources.
After the initial collision detection, the gateway UE will report the detected preamble sequence id without collision to the enb through the dedicated signaling channel. Since it is assumed in the present invention that the gateway UEs are in RRC connected state, each gateway UE has a dedicated signaling channel with the enb.
In addition, there are two methods to indicate the detected preamble sequence in the random access detection report. One is by the Sequence Number (SN) of each detected preamble sequence. The other is by means of a bitmap. It should be noted that different approaches may result in different signaling overhead in the reporting information. For example, when the number of detected preamble sequences is small, the sequence number may be more effectively represented. And when the number of detected preamble sequences is larger, the representation manner of the bitmap may be more effective.
In the present invention, the gateway UE will dynamically select an appropriate format based on the number of detected machine-transmitted preamble sequences. The signalling format of the random access detection report will therefore contain an "F" field (format field) indicating the format used for the report. An example of a format is shown in fig. 3, in which a "Len" field (length field) is to be inserted after an "F" field for indicating the length of subsequent "SN" (sequence number) information. If 64 random access preamble sequences are defined for random access of M2M, each sequence number requires 6 bits to identify one random access preamble sequence. In this case, if the number of detected preamble sequences is greater than 10, the bitmap representation has less signaling overhead. Therefore, 4 bits are sufficient for the "Len" field.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the signaling format of the random access detection report of the present invention may alternatively be a fixed bitmap or length format, and in this case, no format field is required in the signaling format.
Since LTE (considering real-time voice traffic) can accept a certain delay, and when many machines are triggered, the delay of the random access procedure does not depend on the small delay caused by the random access signal processing, but on the latency caused by collisions. Therefore, the time delay caused by the random access detection report fed back to the evolved node b by the gateway UE is acceptable. Furthermore, the invention performs dynamic resource allocation to the random access request information, even considering the time delay brought by the feedback of the random access detection report from the gateway UE to the evolution base station, the random access control method of the invention can accelerate the process of machine random access on the whole.
Step c: and the evolved node B considers resource multiplexing and allocates random access resources for each reported random access preamble sequence identifier.
After the evolved node B collects all the random access detection reports from all the gateway UEs, the evolved node B allocates resources for different random access preamble sequences in consideration of resource multiplexing among different gateway UEs. Specifically, when two gateway UEs report one same preamble sequence, they do not need to be processed separately, but rather, they are treated as one preamble sequence, and the same resource is allocated to them, thereby realizing resource multiplexing. This is because two (or more) different gateway UEs will report one and the same preamble sequence only if resources can be multiplexed between them. Otherwise, one gateway UE may detect two identical preamble sequences, which may be considered by the gateway UE as a collision. Therefore, the enb only needs to allocate resources for each different preamble sequence reported by the gateway UE. If in this round of random access preamble sequence collection it is found that one preamble sequence has been reported by another gateway UE and resources have been allocated to it, the enodeb only has to skip it and process the next reported random access preamble sequence. Therefore, in PDCCH notification of the evolved base station, resources only need to be associated with different preamble sequences. As in conventional LTE, the resource notification signaling associated with random access does not require any changes.
Step d: the machine sends random access request information to the gateway UE according to the resource allocation of the base station.
When the machines receive the PDCCH schedules relating to random access, they continue to transmit random access request information to the gateway UE on the resources allocated to the respective previously transmitted random access preamble sequences. In the random access request information, detailed information such as machine identification, service type, bandwidth request, etc. may be further forwarded to the enb through the gateway UE, so that the enb may allocate resources for future services of the machine.
It should be noted that by utilizing the information in the random access detection report, the enb may consider resource reuse among different machines to allocate resources for future services of the machines. Furthermore, the gateway UEs do not need to be informed of their reception behavior for random access request information, since each gateway UE can decide its reception behavior based on its previously reported preamble sequence and the PDCCH scheduling of the enodeb related to random access.
Step e: and the gateway UE determines a receiving action based on the random access leader sequence and the PDCCH scheduling of the base station.
Each gateway UE can receive random access request information from a machine based on a preamble sequence reported previously by the gateway UE and a PDCCH allocated by an enb, thereby implementing random access.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the hidden node problem and the exposed node problem are avoided because the receiver of the random access preamble sequence only has the gateway UE. The machine does not need to decide whether it sends a random access preamble sequence based on the occupancy signal detection.
2. Dynamic resource allocation for random access request information. When many machines are triggered, more resources may be allocated for transmission of random access request information. Compared with the resource reservation mode, the method for dynamically allocating the random access resources can accelerate the process of machine random access.
3. The evolved base station may obtain resource multiplexing information from the random access detection report. Resource multiplexing may be considered for the transmission of random access request information and the transmission of future machine traffic.
4. The invention also realizes the multiplexing of the random access leader sequence. For example, when two distant gateway UEs detect the same random access preamble sequence (from two different machines) and no collision occurs, the random access of both machines will succeed even though they send the same random access preamble sequence.
The random access control method in the M2M communication system provided by the present invention is explained in detail above. Any obvious modifications to the invention, which would occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the true spirit of the invention, would constitute a violation of the patent rights of the invention and would carry a corresponding legal responsibility.
Claims (7)
1. A random access control method for machine-to-machine communication, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the machine sends a preamble sequence to a cellular device acting as a gateway;
the cellular equipment executes initial conflict detection according to the leader sequence and sends a random access detection report to the evolution base station;
after the evolved node B collects all random access detection reports, random access resources are distributed to each reported random access leader sequence according to the random access detection reports; wherein the eNB allocates the same resource to the two cellular devices when the two cellular devices report the same preamble sequence.
2. The random access control method of claim 1, wherein:
the cellular device sends the detected preamble sequence identification without collision to the evolved base station.
3. The random access control method of claim 1, wherein:
the random access detection report includes a format field for indicating a format of the preamble sequence.
4. The random access control method of claim 3, wherein:
the format field is represented in a bitmap mode or a length mode by using different values.
5. The random access control method of claim 3, wherein:
when the random access detection report represents the preamble sequence in a length mode, the random access detection report comprises a format field and a length field.
6. A random access control method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by:
and the evolved node B only allocates resources for each different leader sequence reported by the cellular equipment.
7. The random access control method of claim 6, wherein:
and the cellular equipment determines a receiving action based on the reported leader sequence and the PDCCH scheduling distributed by the evolution type base station.
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Granted publication date: 20210817 |