CN108398391A - A kind of detection method that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated - Google Patents

A kind of detection method that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated Download PDF

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CN108398391A
CN108398391A CN201810062042.6A CN201810062042A CN108398391A CN 108398391 A CN108398391 A CN 108398391A CN 201810062042 A CN201810062042 A CN 201810062042A CN 108398391 A CN108398391 A CN 108398391A
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olive oil
sample
adulterated
spectrum image
spectrum
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桂江生
吴子娴
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Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55Specular reflectivity

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of detection methods that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated, it includes pure olive oil and according to the adulterated olive oil sample of preset ratio to obtain first, high spectrum image acquisition is carried out to the olive oil sample of acquisition, extract the averaged spectrum of area-of-interest, eight characteristic wavelengths are gone out using successive projection algorithms selection, to establish multiple linear regression model.Unknown sample can be detected by the multiple linear regression model of foundation, judges whether detected unknown sample is adulterated.The present invention detection method, have many advantages, such as without damage, it is pollution-free, automate, rapidly and efficiently.

Description

A kind of detection method that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of food detection more particularly to a kind of olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology are adulterated Detection method, be used for olive oil non-destructive testing.
Background technology
Olive oil is that ripe olive fresh fruit is directly cold-pressed the grease produced compared with other plant edible oil to contain There are an abundant unsaturated fatty acid, and vitamin A, D, E, the Multiple components such as F, K and carrotene are easily digested. Since olive oil is not chemically treated in processing extraction process, natural nutrient is not corrupted, and is so far in grease It is most suitable for the edible oil of human body.It is considered as " liquid golden " due to its health benefits, it is antimicrobial including anticancer, Hypocholesterolemia, anti-hypertension and anti-inflammatory effect.
Olive oil is in trend of selling well in international market at present, in addition price high for a long time so that olive oil With more wide market development space.Because it is expensive, adulteration repeated.
The method that olive oil authentication technique uses at present is mostly the methods of chromatography, mass spectrum, chemometrics method, these Although method accuracy of detection is high, detection process is sufficiently complex, and time-consuming, relies on a large amount of chemical reagent, and belongs to and have Damage detection, waste is big, is unfavorable for promoting.
Therefore, adulterated quick, the lossless detection technique of olive oil will be of great practical significance.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection methods that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated, to solve Prior art detection method detection process is complicated, time-consuming, and belongs to and damage detection, wastes big problem.
To achieve the goals above, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of detection method that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated, it is described based on high light spectrum image-forming technology The adulterated detection method of olive oil, including:
It includes pure olive oil and according to the adulterated olive oil sample of preset ratio to obtain;
High spectrum image acquisition is carried out to the olive oil sample of acquisition, obtains the high spectrum image of sample, and carry out black and white Correction;
The area-of-interest of the high spectrum image of sample is extracted, the spectral reflectivity of all pixels in area-of-interest is calculated Averaged spectrum of the average value as each sample;
The averaged spectrum of each sample is pre-processed, eight characteristic wavelengths are gone out using successive projection algorithms selection, point It Wei not 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, 722.89nm, 837.13nm, 927.49nm;
According to the averaged spectrum of the characteristic wave bands of selection and sample, establishing multiple linear regression model is:
Y=β01R471.27nm2R503.22nm3R524.39nm4R564.70nm5R617.04nm6R722.89nm7R837.13nm+ β8R927.49nm
Wherein y is olive oil concentration prediction value, R471.27nm、R503.22nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、R722.89nm、 R837.13nm、R927.49nmFor characteristic wavelength 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, Averaged spectrum reflectivity at 722.89nm, 837.13nm, 927.49nm, β0For constant term, β1、β2…β8For regression coefficient;
The olive oil of acquisition is detected using the multiple linear regression model of foundation.
Further, described to obtain the high spectrum image of sample, and black and white correction is carried out, using following formula:
Wherein:R is image after correction, R0It is original sample image, W is whiteboard images, and B is dark background image.
Further, the averaged spectrum to each sample pre-processes, including:
By using standard, just too the averaged spectrum of olive oil sample is being standardized by variable;
It is filtered again by Savitzky-Golay methods.
Further, the olive oil sample includes:Olive oil and corn oil 10:First group of sample that 1 ratio is mixed This, olive oil and corn oil 5:First group of sample that 1 ratio is mixed, olive oil and corn oil 3:What 1 ratio was mixed The 4th group of sample of third group sample and pure olive oil.
Further, the multiple linear regression model of establishing is:
Y=0.718-7.46R471.27nm+0.13R503.22nm+0.274R524.39nm+3.46R564.70nm-2.26R617.04nm+ 0.5R722.89nm-1.27R837.13nm+0.82R927.49nm
Wherein y is olive oil concentration prediction value, R471.27nm、R503.22nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、R722.89nm、 R837.13nm、R927.49nmFor characteristic wavelength 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, Averaged spectrum reflectivity at 722.89nm, 837.13nm, 927.49nm.
The present invention proposes a kind of detection method that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated, using EO-1 hyperion at As technology, high spectrum image has the advantages that collection of illustrative plates, combines traditional two-dimensional imaging technique and spectral technique, has nothing Damage, it is pollution-free, automation, rapidly and efficiently the advantages that.Characteristic wavelength is obtained using successive projection algorithm, and establishes multiple linear Regression model improves the precision of detection.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of detection method flow chart that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, following embodiment is not constituted Limitation of the invention.
The technical program is based on high light spectrum image-forming technology, and high light spectrum image-forming technology is in the ultraviolet of electromagnetic spectrum, visible light, close Infrared and mid infrared region is imaged target area with tens of to hundreds of continuous and subdivision spectral band simultaneously, acquisition Image has the advantages that image is combined with spectrum.The technical program carries out the adulterated inspection of olive oil using high light spectrum image-forming technology Survey, have many advantages, such as without damage, it is pollution-free, automate, rapidly and efficiently.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of embodiment of the technical program, a kind of olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated Detection method includes the following steps:
Step S1, it includes pure olive oil and according to the adulterated olive oil sample of preset ratio to obtain.
The present embodiment tests used sample and eats olive oil using the extra virgin of supermarket's purchase, is not limited to the product of product Board, it is assumed that it is pure olive oil that the extra virgin bought, which eats olive oil,.By the pure olive oil in part according to certain ratio Example mixes other edible oils, such as maize germ oil or salad oil etc., artificially produces adulterated olive oil sample.This implementation The sample that example obtains includes four groups:Olive oil and corn oil 10:First group of sample that 1 ratio is mixed, olive oil and corn Oil 5:First group of sample that 1 ratio is mixed, olive oil and corn oil 3:The third group sample that 1 ratio is mixed, and The 4th group of sample of pure olive oil.
It should be noted that the present embodiment is not limited to the group number of sample, it is also not necessarily limited to mixed ratio, such as can also take 8:The sample of 1 ratio mixing forms one group.Every group of the present embodiment takes 40 samples, totally 160 samples.The quantity of sample is more, It is more accurate for subsequent model,.
Step S2, high spectrum image acquisition is carried out to the olive oil sample of acquisition, obtains the high spectrum image of sample, goes forward side by side Row black and white corrects.
The present embodiment carries out high spectrum image acquisition using Hyperspectral imager to the sample of acquisition, such as is used Hyperspectral imager be Image- λ-V10E-PS hyperspectral imagers system (Sichuan Shuan Lihepu Science and Technology Ltd.s) its Chief component is light source, imaging spectrometer, electronic control translation stage, translational controller and computer composition.Imaging spectrometer Model Imperx IPX-2M30, spectral region 383.70-1032.70nm, spectral resolution 2.73nm.High spectrum image Data acquisition is completed using SpecView softwares.Entire gatherer process carries out in camera bellows, and stray light in environment is avoided to bring It influences.High spectrum image acquisition parameter is set:Time for exposure 20ms, translation stage movement speed 1.2cm/s, 4 mercury lamps and translation The angle of platform is 53 degree.Hyper-spectral data gathering is carried out to all olive oil samples successively by group.
Blank preferably, is also placed on and carries out blank number with olive oil same distance and lighting position by the present embodiment simultaneously According to acquisition, it is then shut off lens cap in light source cover and carries out dark background data acquisition.According to the black white image of acquisition, to collected Sample high spectrum image does black and white correction, to reduce the noise of light source generation.
Black and white updating formula is:
Wherein:R is image after correction, R0It is original sample image, W is whiteboard images, and B is blackboard image.
Step S3, the area-of-interest of the high spectrum image of extraction sample, calculates the light of all pixels in area-of-interest Compose averaged spectrum of the average value of reflectivity as each sample.
The present embodiment uniformly chooses the square area of 60 pixel * of center of a sample region, 60 pixels as area-of-interest (ROI), the range of area-of-interest is set according to actual spectrum picture.
The average value of the spectral reflectivity of all pixels point in the square area-of-interest is calculated as each sample Averaged spectrum, to obtain the averaged spectrum of each sample.
Step S4, the averaged spectrum of each sample is pre-processed, eight features is gone out using successive projection algorithms selection Wavelength, respectively 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, 722.89nm, 837.13nm, 927.49nm。
The present embodiment pre-processes the averaged spectrum of each sample, first pass through using standard just too variable (SNV) will The averaged spectrum of olive oil sample is standardized, and is then carried out again to it by Savitzky-Golay (SG filtering) method Filter.
For pretreated spectrum, the present embodiment uses successive projection algorithm (Successive projections Algorithm, SPA) to select it can most reflect the true and false characteristic wavelength of olive oil.
Specifically, successive projection algorithm SPA is arbitrarily to select a wave to cycle specificity wavelength selection algorithm before one kind It is long, its projection to residual vector is calculated, the corresponding wavelength of maximal projection vector is put into wavelength set of variables, cycle is until last One variable terminates.
If Xn×mFor spectrum matrix, wherein n is number of samples, and m is spectral wavelength number, N be need selection variable number ( To the characteristic wave bands number in requisition for selection in the present embodiment).The present embodiment successive projection algorithm SPA includes:
1, first, the spectrum matrix X of arbitrary j row is selectedj, it is denoted as Xk(0)
2, remaining spectroscopic data is placed in S,
3, X is calculated separatelyjTo remaining columns vector projection;
4, note k (n)=arg [max (| | Pxj| |), j ∈ s], with season Xj=Pxj, j ∈ s;
5, n=n+1 is enabled, if n ﹤ N, then 2 is jumped to and is calculated again, the characteristic wavelength of final choice is { Xk(0)..., Xk(N-1)}。
The present embodiment has been selected by the above method can most reflect the true and false characteristic wavelength of olive oil, pass through above-mentioned sample This, obtained characteristic wavelength be respectively 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, 722.89nm, 837.13nm、927.49nm。
It should be noted that selection characteristic wavelength, can also use principal component analysis (Principal Component Analysis, PCA) principal component analysis is carried out to sample spectrum data, obtain characteristic wave bands.PCA is a kind of mathematics dimension-reduction algorithm, It is that original multiple variables are changed into another group of incoherent variable to obtain the way of a small amount of irrelevant variable using linear transformation Diameter.One group of new mutually independent variable is finally obtained, it can farthest express all information of former variable.PCA The purpose of dimensionality reduction has not been only reached, and achieves the effect of denoising.Data redundancy while utmostly is reduced in order to reach The purpose of retention data information, it is 10 to choose number of principal components, and contribution rate of accumulative total reaches 99.41% at this time.
Step S5, according to the averaged spectrum of the characteristic wave bands of selection and sample, multiple linear regression model is established.
The present embodiment is as follows using the multiple linear regression model that multiple linear regression method is established:
Y=β01R471.27nm2R503.22nm3R524.39nm4R564.70nm5R617.04nm6R722.89nm7R837.13nm+ β8R927.49nm
Wherein y is olive oil concentration of specimens predicted value, β0For constant term, β1、β2…β8For regression coefficient, wherein β1For R503.22nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、R722.89nm、R837.13nm、R927.49nmWhen fixed, R471.27nmOften increase a list Position is to the effect of y, i.e. R471.27nmTo the partial regression coefficient of y;Similarly β2For R471.27nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、 R722.89nm、R837.13nm、R927.49nmWhen fixed, R503.22nmOften increase a unit to the effect of y, i.e. R503.22nmY is biased back to Return coefficient, and so on.
Wherein, R471.27nm、R503.22nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、R722.89nm、R837.13nm、R927.49nmFor each spy Levy the corresponding averaged spectrum reflectivity of wavelength.
In the present embodiment, it is obtained above-mentioned more after carrying out model training by above-mentioned sample according to selected characteristic wavelength First linear regression model (LRM) indicates as follows:
Y=0.718-7.46R471.27nm+0.13R503.22nm+0.274R524.39nm+3.46R564.70nm-2.26R617.04nm+ 0.5R722.89nm-1.27R837.13nm+0.82R927.49nm
In addition, the technical program can also be detected the olive oil of acquisition using partial least square model, i.e., will The averaged spectrum of each sample extracted is stored in matrix X, and each row of matrix represent the reflectance spectrum at a wavelength points Value represents a sample per a line.
Wherein the concentration matrix (physical and chemical parameter matrix) of spectrum is Y, then has:
X=TP+E;
Y=UQ+F;
Wherein, T is the characterization factor matrix of X, and U is the characterization factor matrix of Y;P is X loading matrixs, and Q is Y loading matrixs; E is the residual matrix of X, and F is the residual matrix of Y.
By establishing the linear regression model (LRM) of characterization factor matrix U sum, as shown in formula (1):
U=TB+Ed (1);
Wherein, Ed is error matrix, and B is regression coefficient matrix, shown in the solution such as formula (2) of B:
B=(T ' T)-1T′U (2);
Using the least square model of foundation, shown in the predictor formula such as formula (3) to the olive oil (unknown sample) of acquisition:
Y=x (U ' X) ' BQ (3);
Wherein, x is the spectrum of unknown sample, and y is the concentration prediction value of unknown sample.
Step S6, the olive oil of acquisition is detected using the multiple linear regression model of foundation.
Position sample is obtained after carrying out step S2, step S3 and pretreatment for the olive oil unknown sample that needs detect This averaged spectrum, is inputted multiple linear regression model, and prediction obtains the concentration prediction value of unknown sample.
According to the concentration prediction value being calculated, it can be determined that whether the olive oil unknown sample acquired is adulterated.
The experimental result of the present embodiment is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Wherein SPA-PLSR indicates to use successive projection algorithm SPA, and the experimental result under partial least square model; SPA-MLR indicates to use successive projection algorithm SPA, and the experimental result under multiple linear regression model.
As a result show that the residual prediction deviation RPD of SPA-MLR is 4.91, mean square error RMSEV is 0.15, the essence of training set Degree reaches 96.33%, and the precision of forecast set is 95.47%, and model reaches good estimated performance, than the knot of other model predictions Fruit is more preferable.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than is limited, without departing substantially from essence of the invention In the case of refreshing and its essence, those skilled in the art make various corresponding changes and change in accordance with the present invention Shape, but these corresponding change and deformations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of detection method that the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology is adulterated, which is characterized in that described to be based on EO-1 hyperion The adulterated detection method of the olive oil of imaging technique, including:
It includes pure olive oil and according to the adulterated olive oil sample of preset ratio to obtain;
High spectrum image acquisition is carried out to the olive oil sample of acquisition, obtains the high spectrum image of sample, and carry out black and white correction;
The area-of-interest of the high spectrum image of sample is extracted, the flat of the spectral reflectivity of all pixels in area-of-interest is calculated Averaged spectrum of the mean value as each sample;
The averaged spectrum of each sample is pre-processed, eight characteristic wavelengths are gone out using successive projection algorithms selection, respectively 471.27nm、503.22nm、524.39nm、564.70nm、617.04nm、722.89nm、837.13nm、927.49nm;
According to the averaged spectrum of the characteristic wave bands of selection and sample, establishing multiple linear regression model is:
Y=β01R471.27nm2R503.22nm3R524.39nm4R564.70nm5R617.04nm6R722.89nm7R837.13nm8R927.49nm
Wherein y is olive oil concentration prediction value, R471.27nm、R503.22nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、R722.89nm、 R837.13nm、R927.49nmFor characteristic wavelength 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, Averaged spectrum reflectivity at 722.89nm, 837.13nm, 927.49nm, β0For constant term, β1、β2…β8For regression coefficient;
The olive oil of acquisition is detected using the multiple linear regression model of foundation.
2. the adulterated detection method of the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute The high spectrum image for obtaining sample is stated, and carries out black and white correction, using following formula:
Wherein:R is image after correction, R0It is original sample image, W is whiteboard images, and B is dark background image.
3. the adulterated detection method of the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute It states and the averaged spectrum of each sample is pre-processed, including:
By using standard, just too the averaged spectrum of olive oil sample is being standardized by variable;
It is filtered again by Savitzky-Golay methods.
4. the adulterated detection method of the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute Stating olive oil sample includes:Olive oil and corn oil 10:First group of sample that 1 ratio is mixed, olive oil and corn oil 5:1 First group of sample that ratio is mixed, olive oil and corn oil 3:Third group sample that 1 ratio is mixed and pure The 4th group of sample of olive oil.
5. the adulterated detection method of the olive oil based on high light spectrum image-forming technology as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that institute It states and establishes multiple linear regression model and be:
Y=0.718-7.46R471.27nm+0.13R503.22nm+0.274R524.39nm+3.46R564.70nm-2.26R617.04nm+ 0.5R722.89nm-1.27R837.13nm+0.82R927.49nm
Wherein y is olive oil concentration prediction value, R471.27nm、R503.22nm、R524.39nm、R564.70nm、R617.04nm、R722.89nm、 R837.13nm、R927.49nmFor characteristic wavelength 471.27nm, 503.22nm, 524.39nm, 564.70nm, 617.04nm, Averaged spectrum reflectivity at 722.89nm, 837.13nm, 927.49nm.
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