CN108398192A - A kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter - Google Patents

A kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter Download PDF

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CN108398192A
CN108398192A CN201810126658.5A CN201810126658A CN108398192A CN 108398192 A CN108398192 A CN 108398192A CN 201810126658 A CN201810126658 A CN 201810126658A CN 108398192 A CN108398192 A CN 108398192A
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time
digital converter
light field
photomultiplier
chaos
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CN108398192B (en
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郭龑强
吴明川
彭春生
郭晓敏
刘香莲
李璞
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J11/00Measuring the characteristics of individual optical pulses or of optical pulse trains

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Abstract

The invention belongs to field of optical measurements, it is proposed that a kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter solves the problems such as light field second-order coherence time accuracy of measurement is low, measurement process is vulnerable to influence of noise in the prior art.The system includes coupler, HBT systems, the first constant proportion phase discriminator, the first time to digital converter device, first photomultiplier, the second photomultiplier, the second constant proportion phase discriminator, second time to digital converter device, memory and data processor, the HBT systems include filter plate and spectroscope.Chaos light field coherence time numerical stability that the present invention obtains, it is affected by noise it is smaller, mathematical procedure processing is simple;It can be widely applied to measure the second-order coherence time of chaos light field, hot light field, and improve and obtain the quantum opticeses fields such as light field coherence time experimental precision.

Description

A kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of optical measurements, and in particular to a kind of accurately to measure chaos light field phase using high speed time to digital converter The system of dry time.
Background technology
Chaotic laser light field meets information security due to characteristics such as its frequency spectrum is wide, noise like, unpredictable for a long time, complexity is big And the basic demand of cryptography has caused people under the universal trend of current e-commerce and financial instrument online transaction Extensive concern and in-depth study, and be applied to high-speed remote chaotic secret communication, rapid physical random number generate, be based on The numerous areas such as the chaotic key distribution of common signal channel.1994, it is mixed that Colet etc. discusses two solid state lasers realizations first The possibility of ignorant synchronization is (referring to document P.Colet, R.Roy.Digital communication with synchronized Chaotic lasers [J] .Opt.Lett., 1994,19 (24):2056~2058), from this, using optical signal as chaotic carrier Chaotic optical communication starts to grow up.Between more than ten years later, the generation of related chaos light field and application aspect are sent out rapidly Open up .2005, totally eight seminar are woven in the optical communication network of commercialization and complete based on semiconductor laser for European seven countries Device transmission range 120km, rate 1Gb/s, the bit error rate 10-7Chaotic secret communication.2007, Taiwan Tsinghua University woods was all different rich Scholar etc. has studied application of the chaotic optical communication in the Radio Over Fiber communication technologys.(referring to document F.Y.Lin, M.C.Tsai.Chaotic communication in radio-over-fiber transmission based on Optoelectronic feedbacksemiconductor lasers [J] .Opt.Express, 2007,15 (2):302~ 311) after under the promotion of optic communication high speed development, the research in relation to chaotic laser light secret communication is very active always.But phase The research for closing chaos light field is concentrated mainly on the macrodynamics characteristic such as time domain and frequency domain, and the method for discriminant analysis chaos light field Mainly by observing time domain intensity fluctuation, spectrum width, the Liapunov exponent (Lyapunov of analysis system Exponent), bifurcation diagram etc. determines bifurcation point, pervasive Feigenbaum constant (universal Feigenbaumconstant) And various information such as periodical, it is final to determine that chaos state is simultaneously distinguished with noise, but light field can not be obtained The more information of high-order coherence and Photon statistical properties etc..Important parameter of the coherence time as chaos light field, chaos The coherence time of light compares very little compared to common lasers, measures and obtains more accurate coherence time to improving chaos light Characteristic has important role.
The coherence time of light field is related to its second order coherence degree, and the theoretical formula for measuring second order coherence degree isWherein, n1(t), n2(t+ τ) is that two detectors are respectively to be recorded in t, t+ τ Number of photons, delay time τ.If obtaining actual second order coherence degree function curve, need artificially to take τ plotted versus, It is very troublesome.
Invention content
The present invention is in order to solve in the prior art, the measured value and theoretical value of chaos light field second order coherence degree and coherence time Larger problem is differed, a kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter is provided, is utilized The data processing of high speed time to digital converter and convolution can accurately measure the coherence time of chaos light field.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:It is a kind of accurate using high speed time to digital converter The system for measuring chaos light field coherence time, including coupler, HBT systems, the first constant proportion phase discriminator, the first time to digital converter device, First photomultiplier, the second photomultiplier, the second constant proportion phase discriminator, the second time to digital converter device, memory and data processing Device, the HBT systems include filter plate and spectroscope, and the light of chaos light field output enters the HBT systems through coupler, through institute After stating filter plate optical filtering, it is divided into after two-beam output respectively by the first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier transit by the spectroscope Pipe receives, and the signal output end of first photomultiplier is connect with the input terminal of the first constant proportion phase discriminator, and described first is permanent Output end than phase discriminator is connect with the input terminal of the first time to digital converter device, output end and the storage of the first time to digital converter device Device connects, and the signal output end of second photomultiplier is connect with the input terminal of the second constant proportion phase discriminator, and described second is permanent Connect with the input terminal of the second time to digital converter device than the output end of phase discriminator, the output end of the second time to digital converter device with The memory connection, the first time to digital converter device and the second time to digital converter device are respectively used to record the first constant proportion phase demodulation The time of device and the second constant proportion phase discriminator input pulse, and it is sent to the memory, institute by the digital signal for recording the time The digital signal of transmission of the memory for storing the first time to digital converter device and the second time to digital converter device is stated, and is sent to institute Data processor is stated, the data processor is used for the output signal according to the memory, the phase of chaos light field is calculated The dry time.
First photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier are Aurea Technology LYNXEA.NTR.M2 types Binary channels single-photon detector.
The data processor calculates the step of chaos light field coherence time and is:
Collected data are normalized to obtain data D1(τ);
By the data D after normalization1(τ) does convolution algorithm, obtains nine rank value D of convolution9(τ), Convolution Formula areWherein, the τ expression times, n=2,3,4 ... ... 9;
Remove nine rank value D9The part declined in (τ) data, then to nine rank value D9(τ) is normalized, and obtains light Nine rank second order coherence degrees of field
According to formula g(2)(τ)=1+b*exp (2 τ/τc), by nine rank second order coherence degrees of light fieldSubstitution is intended It closes, obtains the coherence time of light field.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art:
(1), the present invention can measure the chaos light field coherence time of semiconductor laser generation, with traditional method phase Than need not manually change the delay time on single-photon detector, but setting will be transitioned into from 0 in one-shot measurement The delay time of gate-width value all records line number Data-Statistics of going forward side by side (between the time between two photons of time to digital converter device record Every the delay time for being equivalent to the latter photon and lagging behind previous photon), it effectively avoids and delay time is manually set Inaccuracy leads to all information that cannot be effectively obtained second order coherence degree variation, to be to obtain accurate chaos light field phase The dry time provides a convenient;
(2), by gathered data from convolution, obtain photon and be spaced apart the time, and pass through 9 rank second-order coherences Spend g(2) 9(τ) carries out coherence time fitting, improves the measurement accuracy of coherence time;
(3), when the resolving time of detector is higher, the distribution of the photon pair of measurement just closer to theoretical photon pair when Between be spaced apart, tend to the distribution of theoretical value using this, by mathematical processing methods can theory unlimited convolution obtain Tend to the experiment value of theoretical value.This provides a thinking i.e. by technology leather to obtain the higher second order coherence degree of measurement accuracy New tool improves the resolving time of detector so as to obtain the time interval distribution of accuracy higher photon pair, obtained light field Second order coherence degree is more accurate, also more accurate by the coherence time for being fitted the light field obtained.The method provided using this patent, It can be used for obtaining the higher second order coherence degree of precision of for example hot light of different light fields, chaos light and pack type light, to be energy More accurate light field coherence time is accessed, thus can know that microscopic property of the chaos light on Quantum Level.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of knot for the system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter of the present invention Structure schematic diagram;
The sequence diagram for the best chaos state that Fig. 2 is;
The spectrogram for the best chaos state that Fig. 3 is;
Fig. 4 is the initial data as obtained by the measurement of Fig. 1 devices;
Fig. 5 is the second order coherence degree for each rank value that data processing obtains, and in figure, from down to up, is followed successively by single order second order phase Mass dryness fractionTo nine rank second order coherence degrees
Fig. 6 is pairResult after being fitted;
In Fig. 1:1- distributed Feedback semiconductor lasers;2- temperature control voltage sources;3- temperature control currents source;4- Polarization Controls Device;5- circulators;6-80:20 fiber couplers;The first variable optical attenuators of 7-;8-50:50 non-polarizing beamsplitters;9- photoelectricity is visited Survey device;10- bandwidth oscillograph or frequency spectrograph;The second variable optical attenuators of 11-;12- spectroscopes;13-HBT systems;14- is filtered Piece;The first photomultipliers of 15-;The second photomultipliers of 16-;17- the first constant proportion phase discriminators;18- the second constant proportion phase discriminators; 19- the first time to digital converter devices;20- the second time to digital converter devices;21- accumulates buffering area.
Specific implementation mode
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention Technical solution be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment be the present invention a part of the embodiment, without It is whole embodiment;Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not before making creative work The every other embodiment obtained is put, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, being that a kind of utilization high speed time to digital converter provided in an embodiment of the present invention accurately measures chaos light field phase The structural schematic diagram of the system of dry time, which includes coupler, HBT systems 13, the first photomultiplier 15, the first constant proportion Phase discriminator 7, the first time to digital converter device 19, the second photomultiplier 16, the second constant proportion phase discriminator 18, the second time to digital converter device 20, Memory 21 and data processor.The HBT systems include filter plate 14 and spectroscope 12, and the setting of filter plate 14 is in light through excessive Before beam device 12, for the stray light in space to be filtered out.
In the present embodiment, chaos light source is mainly anti-by 1 additional exocoel light of a distributed Feedback semiconductor laser Feedback system is constituted.In the case where temperature control voltage source 2 and temperature control current source 3 are controlled by the middle cardiac wave of distributed Feedback semiconductor laser 1 It is long to stablize in 1554nm, threshold current Ith=10.6mA.The light that distributed Feedback semiconductor laser 1 is sent out is by inclined It shakes and enters 80 after controller 4 and circulator 5:The first variable optical attenuator 7 is passed through in 20 fiber coupler 6,80% part Later, laser 1 is fed back into circulator 5, forms the optical feedback return circuit that exocoel delay time is 125ns.By the one of 20% End accesses 50 again:50 non-polarizing beamsplitter 8 is divided into two equal beams of intensity:It is wherein a branch of that monitoring signal is used as to squeeze into photoelectricity spy After surveying device 9,36GHz bandwidth oscillograph or 26.5G frequency spectrographs 10 are accessed, it is mixed that the light for being formed by feedback control loop, which is no, Ignorant state ensures that surveyed light is chaos light field, and another beam enters the second variable optical attenuator 11, and the second variable optical attenuator 11 can For adjusting the intensity of incident chaos light field.
As shown in Figure 1, from the light that the second variable optical attenuator 11 projects, the chaos light that as intensity can be adjusted.Chaos Light enters the HBT systems 13 through coupler, after the optical filtering of the filter plate 14, is divided into two-beam output by the spectroscope 12 It is received respectively by the first photomultiplier 115 and the second photomultiplier 16 afterwards, the signal of first photomultiplier 15 is defeated Outlet is connect with the input terminal of the first constant proportion phase discriminator 17, the output end and the first time to digital converter of the first constant proportion phase discriminator 17 The input terminal of device 19 connects, and the output end of the first time to digital converter device 19 is connect with the memory 21, second photomultiplier transit The signal output end of pipe 16 is connect with the input terminal of the second constant proportion phase discriminator 18, the output end of the second constant proportion phase discriminator 18 with The input terminal of the second time to digital converter device 20 connects, and output end and the memory 21 of the second time to digital converter device 20 connect It connects, the first time to digital converter device 19 and the second time to digital converter device 20 are respectively used to record the first constant proportion phase discriminator 17 and The time of two constant proportion phase discriminators, 19 input pulse, and it is sent to the memory 21 by the digital signal for recording the time, it is described Memory 21 is used to store the digital signal of the transmission of the first time to digital converter device 19 and the second time to digital converter device 20, and sends To the data processor, the data processor is used for the output signal according to the memory, and chaos light field is calculated Coherence time.
Wherein, first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier can be Aurea Technology The binary channels single-photon detector of LYNXEA.NTR.M2 types.
Wherein, when adjusting the output of distributed Feedback semiconductor laser 1, it is 1.5 times so that laser is in bias current When threshold value, that is, 15.9mA, temperature control makes the light output that semiconductor laser generates by polarizer by annular in 9.5k Ω A Device, attenuator output enter backfeed loop by a part, and another part is as output end, all the way by adjustable before decaying Knob makes the intensity of feedback light change from small to big, and monocycle, doubling time and chaos state are successively undergone in the output of laser.It utilizes 36GHz bandwidth oscillograph or 26.5G frequency spectrographs can determine best chaos state, be preferably mixed as shown in Figures 2 and 3 The sequence diagram and spectrogram of ignorant state.Then, adjusting programmable optical attenuator VA2 makes light intensity be no more than single-photon detector The largest light intensity that SPD receives, set single-photon detector SPD quantum efficiencies as 25%. dead times be 4us, delay time is 0ns, gate-width are set as 100ns, and triggering frequency is set as 312.5k, open single-photon detector SPD coincidence measurement interface start into Row counts and obtains the distribution probability of chaos light field photon pair, makes memory 21 by record data of sufficiently long time and protects It deposits, the data recorded are how shown in 4.
Wherein, the step of data processor calculating chaos light field coherence time is:
(1) collected data (as shown in Figure 4) are normalized to obtain data D1(τ), normalized are specifically Refer to, by each data divided by each delay time statistical magnitude summation.
(2) by the data D after normalization1(τ) does convolution algorithm, obtains nine rank convolution D9(τ), Convolution Formula are:
Wherein, the τ expression times, n=2,3,4 ... ... 9.
(3) remove nine rank convolution D9The part declined in (τ) data, and to nine rank convolution D9(τ) is normalized, Obtain nine rank second order coherence degrees of light fieldThe process of normalized can be:It calculates in nine rank convolution Value Datas and puts down Part average value A, by nine rank value D of convolution9(τ) divided by average value A are to get to nine rank second order coherence degree g of light field(2) 9 (τ)。
The theoretical formula of second order coherence degree is:
WhereinIt is the average luminous intensity for the light field that detector detects, as shown in figure 5, being each rank convolution Dn(τ) (n= 2 ..., 9) and D1After (τ) is normalized, the second order coherence degree of obtained each rank valueCurve graph, can be with from Fig. 5 Find out, with the increase of convolution exponent number, the result that experimental data carries out data processing becomes closer in theoretical value, therefore, leads to Cross the data fitting that nine rank second order coherence degrees carry out coherence time, you can to obtain accurate coherence time.Due to convolution During the high order parts of nine ranks or more is omitted, the error that this part is brought becomes larger as delay time becomes larger, so The present invention part that declines removes nine exponent numbers in calculating process in, takes part flat in nine rank convolution, i.e. most upper in Fig. 5 The data in one, face curve 40 to the sections 60ns calculate average value A, to which data be normalized.
(4) according to formula g(2)(τ)=1+b*exp (2 τ/τc), by nine rank second order coherence degrees of light fieldIt substitutes into and carries out Fitting, obtains the coherence time of light field.
As shown in fig. 6, to utilize nine rank second order coherence degreesThe curve graph being fitted, fitting obtain coherence time For 0.65ns, the correction coefficient of determination is 5.14E-4
Finally it should be noted that:The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that:Its according to So can with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, either to which part or all technical features into Row equivalent replacement;And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter, which is characterized in that including coupling Device, HBT systems, the first constant proportion phase discriminator, the first time to digital converter device, the first photomultiplier, the second photomultiplier, second is permanent Than phase discriminator, the second time to digital converter device, memory and data processor, the HBT systems include filter plate and spectroscope, chaos The light of light field output enters the HBT systems through coupler, after filter plate optical filtering, is divided into two-beam by the spectroscope It is received respectively by the first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier after output, the signal output end of first photomultiplier It is connect with the input terminal of the first constant proportion phase discriminator, the input of the output end of the first constant proportion phase discriminator and the first time to digital converter device End connection, the output end of the first time to digital converter device are connect with the memory, the signal output end of second photomultiplier It is connect with the input terminal of the second constant proportion phase discriminator, the output end of the second constant proportion phase discriminator and the second time to digital converter device Input terminal connects, and the output end of the second time to digital converter device connect with the memory, the first time to digital converter device and the Two time to digital converter devices are respectively used to record the time of the first constant proportion phase discriminator and the second constant proportion phase discriminator input pulse, and will Record the time digital signal its be sent to the memory, the memory is for storing the first time to digital converter device and the The digital signal of the transmission of two time to digital converter devices, and it is sent to the data processor, the data processor is used for according to institute The coherence time of chaos light field is calculated in the output signal for stating memory.
2. a kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier are Aurea Technology LYNXEA.NTR.M2 The binary channels single-photon detector of type.
3. a kind of system accurately measuring chaos light field coherence time using high speed time to digital converter according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, the step of data processor calculating chaos light field coherence time, is:
Collected data are normalized to obtain data D1(τ);
By the data D after normalization1(τ) does convolution algorithm, obtains nine rank value D of convolution9(τ), Convolution Formula areWherein, the τ expression times, n=2,3,4 ... ... 9;
Remove nine rank value D9The part declined in (τ) data, then to nine rank value D9(L) it is normalized, obtains light field Nine rank second order coherence degrees
According to formula g(2)(τ)=1+b*exp (2 τ/τc), by nine rank second order coherence degrees of light fieldSubstitution is fitted, and is obtained To the coherence time of light field.
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