CN108387933B - A kind of method, apparatus and system of definitely interval quality factors - Google Patents
A kind of method, apparatus and system of definitely interval quality factors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present application discloses the method, apparatus and system of a kind of definitely interval quality factors, and the method includes carrying out spectrum analysis to intrinsic decaying seismic data to obtain seismic amplitude spectrum；It is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；Broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function is constructed according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, it include: that the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function is subjected to discretization, increase by a weight factor in Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtain broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function, wherein, the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；According to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.Using each embodiment of the application, the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum gas seismic prospecting data processing technology fields, particularly, are related to a kind of determining stratum
The method, apparatus and system of quality factor.
Background technique
In the development process that deepens continuously of seismic prospecting, seismic data be largely used for the fine description of oil and gas reservoir with
And in production reservoir transient change monitoring etc., therefore the acquisition to high fidelity, high s/n ratio and high-resolution seismic data
It is required that higher and higher.And the attenuation by absorption effect on stratum is to influence a key factor of seismic data resolution.Study earthquake
Propagation of the wave in decaying stratum, it is accurate to extract stratum Q value, inverse Q filtering decaying then is carried out to earthquake record and is mended
It repays, shallow, the neutralization deep reflex wave waveform of seismic profile can be made to be consistent substantially, obtain shallow, middle layer radio-frequency component
It significantly increases, frequency spectrum is widened, it is made to restore original seismic wave form.To effectively improve seismic profile quality, more favorably
Being further processed and explaining in latter earthquake data.
The method for having had already appeared a large amount of estimation Q values at present.There are two classes: 1. time domain method in broad terms, i.e., in the time
Domain calculates Q value, such as wavelet simulation, amplitude damped method, Rise time and parsing signalling, these methods are believed using the time
It number directly calculates, but is affected by factors such as seismic data qualities, and the small segment information in part can only be utilized；2. frequency domain
Method calculates Q value, such as centroid frequency shift method, crest frequency method, frequency spectrum ratio method and log spectrum area discrepancy that is, in frequency domain
Method etc..But frequency spectrum ratio method only uses amplitude spectrum information, and robustness is poor.The log spectrum difference in areas then proposed on this basis
Though different method can suppress noise to a certain extent, the dampening information of full frequency band cannot be made full use of.
Summary of the invention
The method, apparatus and system for being designed to provide a kind of definitely interval quality factors of the embodiment of the present application, can be with
Improve the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine.
The method, apparatus and system of a kind of definitely interval quality factors provided by the present application are by including that following manner is real
Existing:
A method of definitely interval quality factors, comprising:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data and obtains seismic amplitude spectrum；
It is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
Broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function is constructed according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, comprising: by the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm letter
Number carries out discretization, increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function,
Wherein, the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
According to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
The method of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, the calculating obtain Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, packet
It includes:
It calculates according to the following formula and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function:
Wherein, di(f) Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, A (t are indicatedi+1, f) and indicate ti+1 moment seismic amplitude spectrum, A (ti, f) and table
Show tiMoment seismic amplitude spectrum, Δ ti=ti+1-tiIndicate the time difference of former and later two seismic waves of decaying, QiIt indicates accordingly
Interval quality factors.
The method of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, it is described by the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function carry out from
Dispersion, comprising:
Wherein,
f1,f2,…,fNEach frequency content after indicating discretization, 1/Q=1/Qi。
The method of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, it is described according to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely
Interval quality factors, comprising:
Definitely interval quality factors according to the following formula:
Wherein,One dimensional vector of each frequency content composition after indicating discretization,Indicate that each frequency content is corresponding
Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm composition a dimensional vector,For weight factor,Indicate the corresponding amplitude composition of each frequency content
A dimensional vector,It indicatesTransposition, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
The method of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, it is described that frequency spectrum point is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data
Before analysis, further includes:
Denoising is carried out to original seismic data and obtains intrinsic decaying seismic wave.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of device of definitely interval quality factors, comprising:
Amplitude spectrum determining module obtains seismic amplitude spectrum for carrying out spectrum analysis to intrinsic decaying seismic data；
Logarithmic function computing module is calculated for the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying according to extraction and after decaying and is obtained
Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
Module is constructed, for constructing broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, comprising: by the vibration
Width spectrum carries out discretization than logarithmic function, increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains wide
Adopted Frequency spectrum ratio function, wherein the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
Quality factor determining module, for according to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
The device of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, the quality factor determining module include:
Quality factor determination unit is used for according to the following formula definitely interval quality factors:
Wherein,One dimensional vector of each frequency content composition after indicating discretization,Indicate that each frequency content is corresponding
Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm composition a dimensional vector,For weight factor,Indicate the corresponding amplitude composition of each frequency content
A dimensional vector,It indicatesTransposition, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
The device of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, described device further include:
Decaying seismic wave extraction unit obtains intrinsic decaying seismic wave for carrying out denoising to original seismic data.
The device of the determination stratum quality factor of the embodiment of the present application, including processor and executable for storage processor
The memory of instruction, when described instruction is executed by the processor realize the following steps are included:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data and obtains seismic amplitude spectrum；
It is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
Broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function is constructed according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, comprising: by the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm letter
Number carries out discretization, increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function,
Wherein, the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
According to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of system of definitely interval quality factors, including at least one
Manage device and store the memory of computer executable instructions, the processor realized when executing described instruction it is above-mentioned any one
The step of embodiment the method.
The method, apparatus and system for a kind of definitely interval quality factors that this specification one or more embodiment provides,
By constructing broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function using seismic amplitude spectrum as weight factor, the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio logarithmic function is utilized
Calculate definitely interval quality factors, can the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced simultaneously, make full use of the decaying of full frequency band
Information.So as to improve the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The some embodiments recorded in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise of not making the creative labor property
Under, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow diagram for definitely embodiment of the method for interval quality factors that this specification provides；
Synthesis preliminary wave records and estimates accordingly Q in the example that Fig. 2 (a)-Fig. 2 (f) provides for this specification
Value and theory Q value schematic diagram；
Estimate that relative error is shown between Q value and theory Q value in the example that Fig. 3 (a)-Fig. 3 (c) provides for this specification
It is intended to；
The average relative error schematic diagram of Q value is estimated in the example that Fig. 4 provides for this specification；
The standard deviation schematic diagram of the relative error of Q value is estimated in the example that Fig. 5 provides for this specification；
The physics validity of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method is verified in another example that Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (c) provides for this specification
Schematic diagram；
The original earthquake data schematic diagram acquired in another example that Fig. 7 provides for this specification；
Result schematic diagram in another example that Fig. 8 provides for this specification after bandpass filtering treatment；
Wave field down-going wave fields schematic diagram obtained after separation in another example that Fig. 9 provides for this specification；
Geometrical attenuation compensation and the compensated down going wave of transmission loss in another example that Figure 10 provides for this specification
Field schematic diagram；
Direct wave schematic diagram in another example that Figure 11 provides for this specification for the estimation of Q value；
The Q value estimation knot of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method and traditional frequency spectrum ratio method in another example that Figure 12 provides for this specification
Fruit schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram for definitely Installation practice of interval quality factors that this specification provides.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand the technical solution in this specification, below in conjunction with this explanation
Attached drawing in book one or more embodiment carries out the technical solution in this specification one or more embodiment clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiment is only specification a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on saying
Bright book one or more embodiment, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all
The range of this specification example scheme protection all should belong in other embodiments.
The attenuation by absorption effect on stratum is to influence a key factor of seismic data resolution, the attenuation by absorption master on stratum
Showing as seismic wave, its amplitude is decayed with the increase of propagation distance or time, and phase is distorted, while the master of wave
Frequency is lower, and high frequency section decays than low frequency part faster, so that the resolution ratio of seismic data is seriously reduced, particularly with close
Earth's surface exploration data.
Stratum quality factor q is the physical quantity for describing the intrinsic decaying in stratum.Propagation of the seismic wave in decaying stratum is studied,
It is accurate to extract stratum Q value.Then to earthquake record carry out inverse Q filtering attenuation compensation, can make seismic profile it is shallow,
It neutralizes deep reflex wave waveform to be consistent substantially, been significantly enhanced shallow, middle layer radio-frequency component, frequency spectrum is widened, extensive
Multiple original seismic wave form.To effectively improve seismic profile quality, it is more advantageous to being further processed for latter earthquake data
And explanation.In addition, the quality factor q on stratum is the weight of one of important parameter for describing rock elasticity and stratum oil-gas possibility
Indicate.Q value is also used as connection seismic properties (density, speed and wave impedance etc.) and reservoir properties (hydrocarbon saturation, hole
Porosity and permeability etc.) bridge.
The method for having had already appeared a large amount of estimation Q values at present.There are two classes in broad terms: first is that time domain method, these sides
Method is directly calculated using time signal, but is affected by factors such as seismic data qualities, and can only be believed using local segment
Breath.Second is that frequency domain method, such method in frequency domain by calculating Q value, such as frequency spectrum ratio method and log spectrum area discrepancy
Method etc..But frequency spectrum ratio method the problem is that, only use amplitude spectrum information, poor robustness.Pair then proposed on this basis
Number frequency spectrum area discrepancy method can suppress noise to a certain extent, but cannot make full use of the dampening information of full frequency band.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the embodiment of the present application obtains earthquake by first carrying out spectrum analysis to intrinsic decaying seismic data
Wave-amplitude spectrum, the corresponding vibration of seismic wave before then the time further according to stratum or extraction of depth information are decayed and after decaying
Width spectrum calculates the logarithm of the ratio between former and later two seismic amplitudes spectrum that decays, to obtain Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function.Later, will
The Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function carries out discretization, and regard the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization as weight factor, increases
The Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function is added to construct broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function.Then, the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio letter of building is utilized
Number calculates definitely interval quality factors.The application is composed using seismic amplitude and constructs broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function as weight factor,
Can the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced simultaneously, the dampening information of full frequency band is made full use of, so as to improve stratum product
The accuracy that prime factor determines.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment of the method flow diagram of definitely interval quality factors that this specification provides.Though
So present description provides as the following examples or method operating procedure shown in the drawings or apparatus structure, but based on conventional or
May include more in the method or device without creative labor or part merge after less operating procedure or
Modular unit.In the step of there is no necessary causalities in logicality or structure, the execution sequence or device of these steps
Modular structure be not limited to this specification embodiment or execution shown in the drawings sequence or modular structure.The method or module
Device in practice, server or the end product of structure are in application, can be according to embodiment or method shown in the drawings
Or modular structure carry out sequence execution or it is parallel execute (such as parallel processor or multiple threads environment, even wrap
Include the implementation environment of distributed treatment, server cluster).
Specific one embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, one of the method for the determination stratum quality factor that this specification provides
In embodiment, the method may include:
S2, spectrum analysis acquisition seismic amplitude spectrum is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data.
In the present embodiment, the intrinsic decaying seismic data may include the earthquake wave number influenced by the intrinsic decaying in stratum
According to.When it is implemented, then available original seismic data data pre-process the original seismic data data,
To obtain the intrinsic decaying seismic data.In one embodiment of this specification, the pretreatment may include: to primitively
It shakes data and carries out denoising, or the data after denoising can be further removed with spherical diffusion effect to wave
Interference, the anti-transmission loss of removal of shape handle interference of waveform etc..When it is implemented, can be first to the original earthquake data
Carry out bandpass filtering denoising；Then, cross-correlation first break picking is carried out, then evens up wave field, wave field separation is carried out and extracts downlink
Wave field；Later, geometrical attenuation supplement is carried out to the down-going wave fields and transmission loss compensates, to extract for decay behavior
Seismic waveform obtains intrinsic decaying seismic data.
Later, spectrum analysis can be carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data obtain seismic amplitude spectrum.The one of this specification
In a embodiment, the seismic amplitude spectrum can be indicated are as follows:
Wherein, A (t, f) indicates the corresponding seismic amplitude spectrum of t moment, A (t0, f) indicate t previous moment t0It is corresponding
Seismic amplitude spectrum, f indicate that the frequency values in effective frequency range, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
S4, acquisition Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying.
In the present embodiment, can time horizon position according to stratum or depth of stratum information, to the intrinsic decaying earthquake
Data carry out segment processing, to extract the seismic data before the corresponding decaying of each stratigraphic horizon and the seismic data after decaying.
It obtains before decaying and the corresponding seismic amplitude of seismic data is composed after decaying.Then, to after decaying seismic amplitude spectrum with
The ratio of seismic amplitude spectrum before decaying takes logarithm, obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function.
In one embodiment of this specification, the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function can be indicated are as follows:
Wherein, di(f) Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, A (t are indicatedi+1, f) and indicate ti+1Moment seismic amplitude spectrum, A (ti, f) and it indicates
tiMoment seismic amplitude spectrum, Δ ti=ti+1-tiIndicate the time difference of former and later two seismic waves of decaying, QiIndicate corresponding stratum
Quality factor.
S6, broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function is constructed according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function.
In the present embodiment, the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function can be subjected to discretization first, then, after discretization
The seismic amplitude spectrum is used as weight factor, increases to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function to construct broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function.
In one embodiment of this specification, can according to shaping regularization to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function carry out from
Dispersion, it is of course also possible to carry out discretization according to other methods in the prior art, here without limitation.
In one embodiment of this specification, it can be indicated after above-mentioned formula (2) discretization are as follows:
Wherein,One dimensional vector of each frequency content composition after indicating discretization,Indicate each in effective frequency range
One dimensional vector of the corresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm composition of frequency content, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
Specifically,1/Q=1/Qi。
f1,f2,…,fNEffective frequency ingredient after indicating discretization, fN=f1+ (N-1) × Δ f, f1Represent the minimum value of effective frequency.
di(f1) indicate frequency values f1Corresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, di(f2) indicate frequency values f2Corresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, with this
Analogize, di(fN) indicate frequency values fNCorresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm.
It is then possible to increase by a weight factor in Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, broad sense frequency spectrum letter is constructed
Number.During one of this specification implements, similarly hereinafter multiplied by a weight factor on the left side of formula (3)To obtain broad sense frequency
Spectrum is as follows than function:
Wherein, the weight factor may include the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization.Specifically, vectorIndicate effective
One dimensional vector of the corresponding amplitude composition of each frequency content in frequency range,ForTransposition.
S8, according to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
It, can be according to the value of broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio Function Estimation stratum quality factor q in the present embodiment.Specifically, public
Molecule in formula (4) is row vectorWith column vectorThe sum of the product of middle each element, denominator are row vectorWith column vector
The sum of the product of middle each element.I.e. molecule, denominator are respectively two values, so that quantitatively phase can be calculated using formula (4)
Answer the corresponding stratum quality factor q in stratumiValue.
This specification scheme provided by the above embodiment, by the way that Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function is carried out discretization first, so
Afterwards, the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization increases by a weight factor, and regard seismic amplitude spectrum as weight factor, comes
Broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function is constructed, and then using broad sense frequency spectrum function come definitely interval quality factors.So as to effectively drop
The influence of low high-frequency noise simultaneously, makes full use of the dampening information of full frequency band, improves the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine.
In order to enable the scheme in the embodiment that this specification provides is clearer, this specification is additionally provided using above-mentioned
The specific example explanation of scheme.
The amplitude spectrum of seismic signal can be expressed as the form of formula (1) in viscoelastic medium, the different propagation times
Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm can be expressed as the form of formula (2).For frequency spectrum ratio method, the side provided using this specification embodiment
Above-mentioned Amplitude spectrum ratio log expressions are also carried out discretization by method, and after carrying out transformation appropriate, also can be expressed as vector side
The form of journey is as follows:
Wherein,Indicate the corresponding amplitude spectrum of each frequency point in effective frequency range
Compare array at a dimensional vector, the Q value of estimation is by 1/Q=[1/Qi]TIt indicates,Representative has
Imitate frequency content, fN=f1+ (N-1) × Δ f, f1Represent the minimum value of effective frequency.Then FTIndicate that frequency spectrum ratio method is transformed into vector
Corresponding weight factor after equation.
For log spectrum area discrepancy method, in t moment, log spectrum cartographic represenation of area are as follows:
It is as follows that log spectrum area discrepancy is obtained according to Logarithmic Algorithm:
It is as follows that final Q value estimator is released according to above formula (7):
Such as the form of formula (3), above formula (6) can be written as following vector equation form:
Wherein,Indicate the corresponding weight factor of log spectrum area discrepancy method,With's
The same aforementioned formula of meaning.
The formula (5) for respectively representing both the above method and formula (9) are compared it is found that frequency spectrum ratio method and log spectrum difference in areas
The essential distinction of different method is the difference of weight factor.In log spectrum area discrepancy method, each component of weight factor is complete
It is identical, as frequency interval.And in frequency spectrum ratio method, each component of weight factor increases with the increase of frequency.Frequency spectrum ratio method
The dampening information of full frequency band, therefore a little higher than log spectrum area discrepancy method of theoretical precision of frequency spectrum ratio method can more be made full use of.
However, high-frequency noise can be amplified by the weight factor of frequency spectrum ratio method with the addition of noise.On the contrary, log spectrum area discrepancy
The weight factor of method is a constant value not varying with frequency, and corresponding anti-noise ability is stronger compared with frequency spectrum ratio method.
Contrast equation (4), (5) and (9) it is found that in this specification above-described embodiment by seismic amplitude spectrum as quality because
Son, the noise of wavelet is concentrated mainly on high and low frequency section, but this two sections of corresponding amplitudes are lower.It is composed using seismic amplitude
As weight factor, the dampening information of full frequency band can be made full use of in the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced,
To which the advantage of above two method to be combined, it can accurately utilize the dampening information of Whole frequency band and weaken earthquake and make an uproar
Sound.So as to improve the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine.
For the correctness of proof theory analysis, this specification is additionally provided using another specific example of above scheme.
Firstly, establishing one-dimensional zero-offset VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) attenuation model, which is even level's layered medium mould
Type, the Q value of each layer are respectively 20,50,30,80 and 120.As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 indicate in the example synthesize preliminary wave record with
And Q value and theory Q value schematic diagram are estimated accordingly.Wherein, Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (e) respectively indicate nothing and make an uproar, are added 5%
Random noise and the synthesis preliminary wave record that 10% random noise is added.Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 2 (d) and Fig. 2 (f) are respectively that nothing is made an uproar, added
Enter 5% random noise and be added in the case of 10% random noise, frequency spectrum ratio method, log spectrum area discrepancy method and the application provide
Three kinds of methods of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method estimation Q value compared between theory Q value.Fig. 3 indicates to estimate Q value and reason in this example
By relative error schematic diagram between Q value, wherein Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 3 (c) are respectively that nothing makes an uproar, 5% random noise is added
In the case of 10% random noise is added, the Q value of above-mentioned three kinds of methods estimation is compared with relative error between theory Q value.Fig. 4
Above-mentioned three kinds of methods estimate the average relative error schematic diagram of Q value, i.e. every kind of ratio after random noise for different proportion is added
Stochastic noi setest 100 times after relative error average value, with the precision and noise immunity of this parameter indicating means.Test knot
Fruit shows that the precision of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method and noise immunity are all better than remaining two methods.Fig. 5 is that making an uproar at random for different proportion is added
The standard deviation schematic diagram of the relative error of three kinds of method estimation Q values after sound, wherein corresponding 3 colonnade of the random noise of every kind of ratio
Body respectively indicates frequency spectrum ratio method, log spectrum area discrepancy method and the corresponding standard deviation of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method from left to right, uses this
One parameter indicates robustness.Test result shows that the robustness of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method is higher than remaining two methods.
In order to verify the physics validity of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method, this specification is additionally provided using another tool of above scheme
Body example.The physical model of even level's single layer organic glass sample of a self excitation and self receiving, the model quilt are constructed in laboratory
It is placed in progress data acquisition in sink, organic glass thickness is about 73mm, and experience Q value is 75.As shown in fig. 6, Fig. 6 is indicated
The schematic diagram of the physics validity of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method is verified in the example.Wherein, Fig. 6 (a) is the acquisition schematic diagram of the model,
Fig. 6 (b) is original record and the top extracted using rectangular window, two layers of bottom back wave schematic diagram, and Fig. 6 (c) indicates to utilize top, bottom two
The Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic curve and corresponding linear fit straight line schematic diagram that layer back wave determines.Correspondingly, utilizing tradition frequency
The result Q=75.054 estimated than method linear fit is composed, the result Q=estimated using broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method provided by the present application
74.877, the two is all coincide with the experience Q value of sample substantially, to show the broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method estimation stratum that the application proposes
The physics validity of Q value.
In order to verify the practical feasibility of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method, this specification is additionally provided using another tool of above scheme
Body example.By this specification scheme provided by the above embodiment using in Mr. Yu's real VSP data, the work area from depth 500m to
3500m receives 301 earthquake records altogether, and road spacing is 10m, sampling interval 1ms, wherein the record from 500m to 1490m by
In serious by noise jamming, because rather than the estimation of Q value.Fig. 7 is initial data (vacuating display every the 100m) signal of acquisition
Figure.Fig. 8 is to carry out bandpass filtering (1-5-10-95Hz) treated result schematic diagram to the initial data in Fig. 7, relative to original
Begin for record, high-frequency noise is substantially suppressed.Fig. 9 is that will further be obtained after full wave field separation by singular value decomposition method
Down-going wave fields schematic diagram, upgoing wave and noise are further obviously suppressed at this time.Figure 10 is further to pass through geometrical attenuation
Compensation and the compensated down-going wave fields schematic diagram of transmission loss.Figure 11 is the direct wave signal for the estimation of Q value finally extracted
Figure.Figure 12 is the Q value estimated result schematic diagram using broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method provided by the present application and traditional frequency spectrum ratio method, can be with
See that the correlation of two Q value curves is stronger, variation tendency is close, and the estimated result of broad sense frequency spectrum ratio method is relatively more stable.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Specifically it is referred to
The description of aforementioned relevant treatment related embodiment, does not do repeat one by one herein.
It is above-mentioned that this specification specific embodiment is described.Other embodiments are in the scope of the appended claims
It is interior.In some cases, the movement recorded in detail in the claims or step can be come according to the sequence being different from embodiment
It executes and desired result still may be implemented.In addition, process depicted in the drawing not necessarily require show it is specific suitable
Sequence or consecutive order are just able to achieve desired result.In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing be also can
With or may be advantageous.
The method for a kind of definitely interval quality factors that this specification one or more embodiment provides, by utilizing earthquake
Wave-amplitude spectrum constructs broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function as weight factor, is calculated definitely using the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio logarithmic function
Interval quality factors, can the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced simultaneously, make full use of the dampening information of full frequency band.So as to
Improve the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine.
Based on the method for determination stratum quality factor described above, this specification one or more embodiment also provides one
Plant the device of definitely interval quality factors.The device may include used this specification embodiment the method be
System, software (application), module, component, server etc. simultaneously combine the necessary device for implementing hardware.Based on same innovation thinking,
The device in one or more embodiments that this specification embodiment provides is as described in the following examples.Since device solution is asked
The implementation of topic is similar to method, therefore the implementation of the specific device of this specification embodiment may refer to the reality of preceding method
It applies, overlaps will not be repeated.Used below, the software of predetermined function may be implemented in term " unit " or " module "
And/or the combination of hardware.Although device described in following embodiment is preferably realized with software, hardware or soft
The realization of the combination of part and hardware is also that may and be contemplated.Specifically, Figure 13 be this specification provide it is a kind of definitely
The modular structure schematic diagram of the Installation practice of interval quality factors, as shown in figure 13, the apparatus may include:
Amplitude spectrum determining module 102 can be used for carrying out intrinsic decaying seismic data spectrum analysis and obtain seismic wave vibration
Width spectrum；
Logarithmic function computing module 104 can be used for the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying according to extraction and after decaying
It calculates and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
Module 106 is constructed, can be used for constructing broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, comprising:
The Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function is subjected to discretization, increase in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization a weight because
Son obtains broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function, wherein the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
Quality factor determining module 108 can be used for according to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
In another embodiment for the described device that this specification provides, the quality factor determining module 108 be can wrap
Include quality factor determination unit, wherein
The quality factor determination unit can be used for according to the following formula definitely interval quality factors:
Wherein,Indicate a dimensional vector of each frequency content composition in effective frequency range after discretization,Indicate each frequency
One dimensional vector of the corresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm composition of rate ingredient,For weight factor,Indicate that each frequency content is corresponding
One dimensional vector of amplitude composition,It indicatesTransposition, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
In another embodiment for the described device that this specification provides, described device can also include that decaying seismic wave mentions
Take unit, wherein
The decaying seismic wave extraction unit can be used for carrying out denoising to original seismic data obtaining intrinsic decaying
Seismic wave.
It should be noted that device described above can also include other embodiment party according to the description of embodiment of the method
Formula.Concrete implementation mode is referred to the description of related method embodiment, does not repeat one by one herein.
The device for a kind of definitely interval quality factors that this specification one or more embodiment provides, by utilizing earthquake
Wave-amplitude spectrum constructs broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function as weight factor, is calculated definitely using the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio logarithmic function
Interval quality factors, can the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced simultaneously, make full use of the dampening information of full frequency band.So as to
Improve the accuracy that ground interval quality factors determine.
Method or apparatus described in above-described embodiment that this specification provides can realize that business is patrolled by computer program
It collects and records on a storage medium, the storage medium can be read and be executed with computer, realize this specification embodiment institute
The effect of description scheme.Therefore, this specification also provides a kind of device of definitely interval quality factors, including processor and storage
The memory of processor-executable instruction, when described instruction is executed by the processor realize the following steps are included:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data and obtains seismic amplitude spectrum；
It is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
Broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function is constructed according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, comprising: by the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm letter
Number carries out discretization, increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function,
Wherein, the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
According to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
The storage medium may include the physical unit for storing information, usually by after information digitalization again with benefit
The media of the modes such as electricity consumption, magnetic or optics are stored.It may include: that letter is stored in the way of electric energy that the storage medium, which has,
The device of breath such as, various memory, such as RAM, ROM；The device of information is stored in the way of magnetic energy such as, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic
Band, core memory, magnetic bubble memory, USB flash disk；Using optical mode storage information device such as, CD or DVD.Certainly, there are also it
Readable storage medium storing program for executing of his mode, such as quantum memory, graphene memory etc..
It should be noted that device described above can also include other embodiment party according to the description of embodiment of the method
Formula.Concrete implementation mode is referred to the description of related method embodiment, does not repeat one by one herein.
The device of the definitely interval quality factors of one kind described in above-described embodiment, by using seismic amplitude spectrum as weighing
Repeated factor constructs broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function, calculates definitely interval quality factors using the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio logarithmic function, can
With the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced simultaneously, make full use of the dampening information of full frequency band.So as to improve stratum quality
The accuracy that the factor determines.
This specification also provides a kind of system of definitely interval quality factors, and the system can be individually determining stratum
The system of quality factor can also be applied in a plurality of types of seismic data process or explanation, evaluation system.Described is
System can be individual server, also may include the one or more the methods or one or more for having used this specification
Server cluster, system (including distributed system), software (application), practical operation device, the logic gate electricity of embodiment device
Road device, quantum computer etc. simultaneously combine the necessary terminal installation for implementing hardware.The system of the definitely interval quality factors
It may include at least one processor and the memory for storing computer executable instructions, the processor executes described instruction
The step of method described in Shi Shixian above-mentioned any one or multiple embodiments.
It should be noted that system described above can also include others according to the description of method or Installation practice
Embodiment, concrete implementation mode are referred to the description of related method embodiment, do not repeat one by one herein.
The system of the definitely interval quality factors of one kind described in above-described embodiment, by using seismic amplitude spectrum as weighing
Repeated factor constructs broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function, calculates definitely interval quality factors using the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio logarithmic function, can
With the influence that high-frequency noise is effectively reduced simultaneously, make full use of the dampening information of full frequency band.So as to improve stratum quality
The accuracy that the factor determines.
It should be noted that this specification device or system described above according to the description of related method embodiment also
It may include other embodiments, concrete implementation mode is referred to the description of embodiment of the method, does not go to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married one by one herein
It states.All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and same and similar part is mutual between each embodiment
Mutually referring to each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for hardware+program
For class, storage medium+program embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so be described relatively simple, it is related
Place illustrates referring to the part of embodiment of the method.
It is above-mentioned that this specification specific embodiment is described.Other embodiments are in the scope of the appended claims
It is interior.In some cases, the movement recorded in detail in the claims or step can be come according to the sequence being different from embodiment
It executes and desired result still may be implemented.In addition, process depicted in the drawing not necessarily require show it is specific suitable
Sequence or consecutive order are just able to achieve desired result.In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing be also can
With or may be advantageous.
System, device, module or the unit that above-described embodiment illustrates can specifically realize by computer chip or entity,
Or it is realized by the product with certain function.It is a kind of typically to realize that equipment is computer.Specifically, computer for example may be used
Think personal computer, laptop computer, vehicle-mounted human-computer interaction device, cellular phone, camera phone, smart phone, individual
Digital assistants, media player, navigation equipment, electronic mail equipment, game console, tablet computer, wearable device or
The combination of any equipment in these equipment of person.
For convenience of description, it is divided into various modules when description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.Certainly, implementing this
The function of each module can be realized in the same or multiple software and or hardware when specification one or more, it can also be with
The module for realizing same function is realized by the combination of multiple submodule or subelement etc..Installation practice described above is only
It is only illustrative, for example, in addition the division of the unit, only a kind of logical function partition can have in actual implementation
Division mode, such as multiple units or components can be combined or can be integrated into another system or some features can be with
Ignore, or does not execute.Another point, shown or discussed mutual coupling, direct-coupling or communication connection can be logical
Some interfaces are crossed, the indirect coupling or communication connection of device or unit can be electrical property, mechanical or other forms.
It is also known in the art that other than realizing controller in a manner of pure computer readable program code, it is complete
Entirely can by by method and step carry out programming in logic come so that controller with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, programmable
Logic controller realizes identical function with the form for being embedded in microcontroller etc..Therefore this controller is considered one kind
Hardware component, and the structure that the device for realizing various functions that its inside includes can also be considered as in hardware component.Or
Person even, can will be considered as realizing the device of various functions either the software module of implementation method can be hardware again
Structure in component.
The present invention be referring to according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
In a typical configuration, calculating equipment includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interface, net
Network interface and memory.
It should also be noted that, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to nonexcludability
It include so that the process, method, commodity or the equipment that include a series of elements not only include those elements, but also to wrap
Include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, commodity or equipment intrinsic want
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including described want
There is also other identical elements in the process, method or equipment of element.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this specification one or more embodiment can provide as method, system or calculating
Machine program product.Therefore, this specification one or more embodiment can be used complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or
The form of embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.Moreover, this specification one or more embodiment can be used at one or
It is multiple wherein include computer usable program code computer-usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage,
CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) on the form of computer program product implemented.
This specification one or more embodiment can computer executable instructions it is general on
It hereinafter describes, such as program module.Generally, program module includes executing particular task or realization particular abstract data type
Routine, programs, objects, component, data structure etc..This this specification one can also be practiced in a distributed computing environment
Or multiple embodiments, in these distributed computing environments, by being held by the connected remote processing devices of communication network
Row task.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be located at the local and remote computer including storage equipment
In storage medium.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for system reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ",
The description of " specific example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features described in conjunction with this embodiment or example, structure, material
Or feature is contained at least one embodiment or example of this specification.In the present specification, to the signal of above-mentioned term
Property statement must not necessarily be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, specific features, structure, material or the spy of description
Point may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other,
Those skilled in the art can be by different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
Feature is combined.
The above description is only an example of the present application, is not intended to limit this application.For those skilled in the art
For, various changes and changes are possible in this application.All any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present application are equal
Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of definitely interval quality factors characterized by comprising
Spectrum analysis is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data and obtains seismic amplitude spectrum；
It is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
According to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function construct broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function, comprising: by the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function into
Row discretization increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function,
In, the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
According to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
2. the method for definitely interval quality factors according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the calculating obtains amplitude spectrum
Compare logarithmic function, comprising:
It calculates according to the following formula and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function:
Wherein, di(f) Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, A (t are indicatedi+1, f) and indicate ti+1Moment seismic amplitude spectrum, A (ti, f) and indicate tiWhen
Carve seismic amplitude spectrum, Δ ti=ti+1-tiIndicate the time difference of former and later two seismic waves of decaying, QiIndicate corresponding stratum quality
The factor, f indicate the frequency values in effective frequency range.
3. the method for definitely interval quality factors according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described by the Amplitude spectrum ratio
Logarithmic function carries out discretization, comprising:
Wherein, Indicate the corresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio pair of each frequency content
Array at a dimensional vector, di(f1) indicate frequency values f1Corresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, di(f2) indicate frequency values f2It is corresponding
Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, di(fN) indicate frequency values fNCorresponding Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithm, One dimensional vector of each frequency content composition after indicating discretization, f1,f2,…,fNIndicate discretization after each frequency at
Point, 1/Q=1/Qi, Q expression ground interval quality factors.
4. the method for definitely interval quality factors according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that described according to institute
State broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors, comprising:
Definitely interval quality factors according to the following formula:
Wherein,One dimensional vector of each frequency content composition after indicating discretization,Indicate the corresponding vibration of each frequency content
Width spectrum compare array at a dimensional vector,For weight factor,Indicate the one of the corresponding amplitude composition of each frequency content
Dimensional vector,It indicatesTransposition, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
5. the method for definitely interval quality factors according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described to intrinsic decaying earthquake
Data carry out before spectrum analysis, further includes:
Denoising is carried out to original seismic data and obtains intrinsic decaying seismic wave.
6. a kind of device of definitely interval quality factors characterized by comprising
Amplitude spectrum determining module obtains seismic amplitude spectrum for carrying out spectrum analysis to intrinsic decaying seismic data；
Logarithmic function computing module calculates for the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying according to extraction and after decaying and obtains amplitude
Spectrum compares logarithmic function；
Module is constructed, for constructing broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function according to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function, comprising: by the amplitude spectrum
Discretization is carried out than logarithmic function, increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains broad sense frequency
Spectrum compares function, wherein the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
Quality factor determining module, for according to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
7. the device of definitely interval quality factors according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the quality factor determines mould
Block includes:
Quality factor determination unit is used for according to the following formula definitely interval quality factors:
Wherein,One dimensional vector of each frequency content composition after indicating discretization,Indicate the corresponding vibration of each frequency content
Width spectrum compare array at a dimensional vector,For weight factor,Indicate the one of the corresponding amplitude composition of each frequency content
Dimensional vector,It indicatesTransposition, Q indicate ground interval quality factors.
8. the device of definitely interval quality factors according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Decaying seismic wave extraction unit obtains intrinsic decaying seismic wave for carrying out denoising to original seismic data.
9. the device of definitely interval quality factors according to claim 6, which is characterized in that including processor and for depositing
Store up processor-executable instruction memory, when described instruction is executed by the processor realization the following steps are included:
Spectrum analysis is carried out to intrinsic decaying seismic data and obtains seismic amplitude spectrum；
It is calculated according to the seismic amplitude spectrum before the decaying of extraction and after decaying and obtains Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function；
According to the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function construct broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function, comprising: by the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function into
Row discretization increases by a weight factor in the Amplitude spectrum ratio logarithmic function after discretization, obtains broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function,
In, the weight factor includes the seismic amplitude spectrum after discretization；
According to the broad sense Frequency spectrum ratio function definitely interval quality factors.
10. a kind of system of definitely interval quality factors, which is characterized in that including at least one processor and storage computer
The memory of executable instruction, the processor realize any one of claim 1-5 the method when executing described instruction
The step of.
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| CN110873900B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-07-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Frequency domain pre-stack seismic channel Q compensation method and system |
| CN110673211B (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2021-06-04 | 东北石油大学 | Quality factor modeling method based on logging and seismic data |
| CN112764095B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2023-03-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | VSP data Q value calculation method and system based on generalized energy ratio |
| CN111060961B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-11-20 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Quality factor determination method, device and system based on multi-information constraint inversion |
| CN113917530A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil gas storage condition evaluation method and device, electronic equipment and medium |
| CN112099083B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2023-10-13 | 中化地质矿山总局地质研究院 | Quality factor estimation method and system based on bispectrum spectrum comparison |
| CN112099088B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-04-12 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Oil-gas indication and characterization method based on high-density optical fiber seismic data |
| CN112578448B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-10-08 | 成都理工大学 | High-precision stratum quality factor extraction method |
| CN112630837A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-09 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司 | Method, device and equipment for estimating seismic quality factor and storage medium |
| CN112684501B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2023-06-20 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司 | Q value estimation method based on spectral specific area and application |
| CN117055113A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-11-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Quality factor extraction method and device and electronic equipment |
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| US8692183B2 (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2014-04-08 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for estimating a downhole fluid property using a miniature integrated circuit spectrometer |
| CN105388518B (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of centroid frequency and earthquake inversion of quality factor method in the united well of Frequency spectrum ratio |
| CN107300718B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-11-12 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method for building up of quality factor three-dimensional attenuation model |
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