CN108380682A - A kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution - Google Patents
A kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108380682A CN108380682A CN201810251623.4A CN201810251623A CN108380682A CN 108380682 A CN108380682 A CN 108380682A CN 201810251623 A CN201810251623 A CN 201810251623A CN 108380682 A CN108380682 A CN 108380682A
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- gradient
- reciprocating extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
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- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming methods of grain size gradient distribution, increase gradient shaping channel in reciprocating extrusion channel, and the gradient shaping channel is arranged along outer mold wall to central protuberance；Blank is put into reciprocating extrusion channel, the side along reciprocating extrusion channel is squeezed, and the other side provides fixed back pressure, and blank flows into mushrooming deformation after gradient shaping channel, after blank fully flows into another wing passage, then carries out reverse extrusion along reciprocating extrusion channel；The multi-pass molding of blank is completed back and forth.The present invention is nanocrystalline suitable for surface layer or Ultra-fine Grained, core are coarse-grain, and for crystallite dimension by surface layer to the material preparation of core distribution gradient, surface layer grain thinning effect is notable, and surface fine grained region is apparent.Prepared crystallite dimension distribution gradient, bar surface layer is about 2mm thickness after single pass reciprocating extrusion, and crystallite dimension is the ultra-fine crystal layer of 500nm or so, and core crystallite dimension is about 50 μm.Mold is not easy to be lost, easy to operate, and practicability is good, is easy to industrial applications.
Description
Technical field
The diameter reduced being distributed the present invention relates to a kind of materials processing technology more particularly to a kind of grain size gradient is past
Multiple extrusion process.
Background technology
Material plays an important role as one of three big pillar industry of 21 century in the every field of nation-building.
In recent years, with the fast development in each field such as medical treatment, traffic, electric power, aviation, to having both the material of high intensity and high-ductility
Demand is also increasingly stronger.However, in most cases, when metal strength enhancing to a certain extent after, plasticity and tough
Property can decline, make one plasticity of intensity be in inversion relationship, become one of the bottleneck problem of metal material scientific development.In recent years, it grinds
Discovery is studied carefully when material surface is nanocrystalline or Ultra-fine Grained, core are coarse-grain, and crystallite dimension is by surface layer to core distribution gradient
When, material can have both high intensity and excellent plasticity.K.Lu et al., which exists, to be found to the literature search of existing Gradient Materials
《Science》Deliver " Making strong nanomaterials ductile with gradients " gradient-structure principle
Tough nano material is prepared, (2014,345 (6203):1455.) it points out that the crystallite dimension when materials such as steel, copper, aluminium is refined to receive
Higher intensity can be obtained when metrical scale, but due to stress concentration, plasticity significantly reduces, and when material surface is nanocrystalline
Or Ultra-fine Grained, core are coarse-grain, and when crystallite dimension is by surface layer to core distribution gradient, material can be made to have both excellent modeling
Property and high intensity；T.H.Fang et al. exists《Science》Deliver " Revealing Extraordinary
IntrinsicTensile Plasticity in GradientNano-Grained Copper " gradient-structure nanocrystalline coppers have
The reason of standby excellent plasticity, (2011,331 (6024):1587.), by surface mechanical attrition on the copper rod surface of a diameter of 6mm
Obtain about 150 microns of thick nanometer layers, while the core of copper rod is still coarse-grain, crystallite dimension distribution gradient from outside to inside is real
It tests the result shows that when copper rod has gradient-structure, yield strength is twice of common coarse-grain copper rod, while its plasticity is also more
It is high；R.Neugebauer et al. exists《Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik》It delivers
" Gradation extrusion-Severe plastic deformation withdefined gradient " passes through gradient
Squeeze the large plastometric set for realizing the distribution of deflection gradient, (2012,43 (7):582-588.), paper squeezes the gradient of aluminium alloy
Pressure carries out gradient extrusion simulation and experiment, and analog result shows aluminium alloy after the extruding of single gradient, and the dependent variable on surface is about
It is 5, and center portion dependent variable is only 1.2, realizes the gradient distribution of the dependent variable of alloy from outside to inside, but experimental result is shown,
Blank is susceptible to the defects of crackle and bending after deformation；Markus Bergmann et al. exist《Applied Mechanics
and Materials》Deliver " Influencing the gradient of material properties by
Gradation extrusion " are squeezed by gradient realizes that the gradient of material property is distributed, (2015,794:166-173.), it grinds
Study carefully and show AlMgSi alloys after gradient extruding, the hardness of blank is gradually promoted to the 125HV at edge by the 95HV at center, brilliant
Particle size ecto-entad gradually rises.But in the existing technique for preparing grain size gradient distributed material, surface mechanical attrition
Or the surface Ultra-fine Grained or nanometer crystalline region thickness of bead acquisition are smaller, are usually no more than 100 microns；Gradient squeezes general
It can realize that a time squeezes, the strain of blank accumulation bigger cannot be made, the thinning effect of surface microstructure is limited, after squeezing in addition
The defects of blank is also easily cracked and is bent.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in：How to realize material surface crystal grain refinement and how to control fine grain
Area's range provides a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution.
The present invention is that solution above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention include the following steps by the following technical programs：
(1) increase gradient shaping channel in reciprocating extrusion channel, the gradient shaping channel is along outer mold wall to center
Protrusion setting；
(2) blank is put into reciprocating extrusion channel, the side along reciprocating extrusion channel is squeezed, and the other side provides fixation
Back pressure, blank flows into mushrooming deformation after gradient shaping channel, after blank fully flows into another wing passage, then along reciprocating extrusion
Channel carries out reverse extrusion；
(3) the multi-pass molding of blank is completed back and forth.
As one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gradient shaping channel along middle part to both sides be stair-stepping gradient at
Type unit.
One of preferred embodiment as the present invention, the stair-stepping gradient forming unit diameter is along gradient shaping channel
Middle part is increased to both sides.
One of preferred embodiment as the present invention, the gradient shaping channel are symmetrical arranged along middle part to both sides.
The reciprocating extrusion channel and gradient shaping channel are combined die, and the combined die includes upper mold under
Mould, the inner cavity of the upper die and lower die include that the left side squeezing passage, Middle-gradient shaping channel and right side being sequentially communicated squeeze
Channel.
The arrival end of the left side squeezing passage is provided with for providing the left side hydraulic cylinder squeezed with back pressure, the right side
The arrival end of squeezing passage is provided with for providing the right side hydraulic cylinder squeezed with back pressure.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art：The material surface provided by the invention for preparing is nanocrystalline or ultra-fine
Brilliant, core is coarse-grain, and crystallite dimension is incited somebody to action by the gradient diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method on surface layer to core distribution gradient
Gradient is squeezed to be organically combined with reciprocating extrusion, double punch gradient diameter reduced reciprocating extrusions of high degree of symmetry structure is realized, by squeezing
The promotion for pressing passage, makes surface microstructure continue to refine, and solves gradient and squeeze that blank accumulation large strain, surface microstructure cannot be made
The limited disadvantage of thinning effect, and fine grain layer thickness can be adjusted by changing reciprocating extrusion passage；
Present invention blank in deformation process fills cavity always, and surface layer face metal is logical along the molding of grinding tool mold gradient always
Surface flow at left and right sides of road generates local Strong shear deformation, makes the two gradient shaping channels in left and right that can be total in deformation process
With refinement blank surface crystal grain, tire out its main feature is that larger strain can be achieved in the metal of blank surface after every time deformation
Product；
The present invention is squeezed using double punches, and three-dimensional compressive stress state is in material deformation process, and hydrostatic pressure is big, enhancing
Material plasticity is conducive to the defect of material and damage, the generation or extension of pre- Anti-cracking in healing deformation process and significantly improves material
The plastic deformation ability of material；
It is to make active punch with one of punch to provide extruding force in present invention a time deformation process in office, it is another
A punch makees back pressure body and provides back pressure, and realizing multi-pass, back and forth molding places sample without repeating, can rapidly effectively
Big deflection is accumulated, streamline operation saves cost；
The method of the present invention is based on combined die, and a combination thereof formula cavity plate can be moved with top shoe and be opened at any time, convenient for becoming
The taking-up of shape sample, it is easy to operate；
Gradient diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method provided by the invention is nanocrystalline or ultra-fine especially suitable for surface layer
Brilliant, core is coarse-grain, and for crystallite dimension by surface layer to the material preparation of core distribution gradient, surface layer grain thinning effect is notable,
Surface fine grained region is apparent.Test result shows that the crystallite dimension distribution gradient prepared by the forming method, single pass are back and forth squeezed
Bar surface layer is about 2mm thickness after pressure, and crystallite dimension is the ultra-fine crystal layer of 500nm or so, and core crystallite dimension is about 50 μm.Mold
It is not easy to be lost, easy to operate, practicability is good, is easy to industrial applications.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the mold tooling figure of the combined die of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of Fig. 1 combined dies；
Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram of gradient shaping channel；
Fig. 4 is diagram of strains after each passage gradient type reciprocating extrusion；
Fig. 5 is blank schematic diagram after molding；
Fig. 6 be after a time gradient type reciprocating extrusion gold as Tissue distribution figure.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates below to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment is carried out lower based on the technical solution of the present invention
Implement, gives detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following implementation
Example.
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, the present embodiment is realized using three-dimensional hydraulic forming machine, in the combined die of the present embodiment
Chamber includes upper mold 1 and lower die 2, the inner cavity of upper mold 1 and lower die 2 include the left side squeezing passage 4 being sequentially communicated, intermediate gradient at
Type channel 5 and right side squeezing passage 6.
Punch there are one being respectively set on the left side squeezing passage 4 and right side squeezing passage 6, the left side squeezing passage
4 arrival end is provided with for providing the left side hydraulic cylinder squeezed with back pressure, and left side squeezing passage 4 passes through left side punch 7 and connects
Arrival end to left side hydraulic cylinder, the right side squeezing passage 6 is provided with for providing the right side hydraulic cylinder squeezed with back pressure, right
Side squeezing passage 6 is connected to right side hydraulic cylinder by right side punch 8.
Steps are as follows for specific forming method：
(1) blowing molds：Blank to be processed 3 after heating is put into the squeezing passage 4 of left side by preheated mold, and cavity plate closes
"-" type channel is formed after mould, the "-" type channel constitutes blanking type cavity by left side punch 7 and the combination of right side punch 8；
(2) first passages are molded：Start forcing press, left side punch 7 treats turned blank 3 and applies extruding force, base to be processed
Material 3 flows into gradient shaping channel 5 by left side squeezing passage 4 under pressure, and metal flows into right side hydraulic cylinder after deformation,
Constant pressure is set to right side punch 8 at this time, makes blank 3 to be processed that Upsetting occur, until blank 3 to be processed is squeezed from left side completely
Pressure passageway 4 flow out after, 8 setting in motion of right side punch, to left side punch 7 apply constant pressure, until blank 3 to be processed completely from
Right side squeezing passage 6 obtains a time molding sample after flowing out；
(3) multi-pass is molded：After the completion of upper a time molding, (2) step is repeated, completes multi-pass molding；
(4) release molds：Two punches are retracted, cavity plate is opened in top shoe playback, obtains bar after multi-pass molding.
In specific setting, cavity plate divides mould using two halves formula, by top shoe offer mold clamping force when molding, forward extrusion channel
Extrusion ratio is about 3.
Above-mentioned forming method is used to be tested using high strength alumin ium alloy as blank 3 to be processed, experimentation is as follows：
Using high strength alumin ium alloy, cylinder that size is 30 × 60mm of Φ (diameter of section, length dimension) as base to be processed
The section of material 3, left side squeezing passage 4 and right side squeezing passage 6 is the circle that internal diameter is 30mm, extrusion ratio 5:3, gradient molding
Channel 5 is symmetrical, and it is respectively left side punch 7 and the right side that, which respectively there are 3 stair-stepping gradient forming units 51, two punches in left and right,
Side blow head 8, mold depended on pressure machine top shoe provide mold clamping force.First, heating mould, left side punch 7, right side punch 8 and to be added
Blank 3 to be processed is placed in the squeezing passage 4 of left side, top shoe downlink, Guan Bi mould, and applies by 3 to 350 DEG C of work blank
300t mold clamping forces.Right side punch 8 is stretched into the squeezing passage 6 of right side until contact with squeezing passage bottom, left side punch 7 with
The speed of 2mm/s enters A squeezing passages, has 15mm to be oriented to length, and punch continues to move, work of the blank 3 to be processed in extruding force
Enter gradient shaping channel 5 with lower, metal flows into right side squeezing passage 6 and right side punch 8 after left side gradient shaping channel 5
Contact sets right side 8 constant pressure of punch as 50t at this time, and left side punch 7 continues to move, and is waited in the squeezing passage 6 of right side at this time
Upsetting takes place until being squeezed full of gradient shaping channel 5 and right side logical in turned blank 3 under the action of two punches
Road 6.Stop squeezing when left side punch 7 and 4 bottom of left side squeezing passage contact, right side punch 8 starts to move downward, while right
Left side punch 7 applies constant pressure 50t, and when right side punch 8 is contacted with 6 bottom of right side squeezing passage, blank 3 to be processed is completed
A time gradient type reciprocating extrusion.After a time gradient type reciprocating extrusion, the stick of crystallite dimension distribution gradient has been obtained
Material, and surface layer is about 2mm thickness, crystallite dimension is the ultra-fine crystal layer of 500nm or so, and core crystallite dimension is about 50 μm.
The blank 3 of a time staged reciprocating extrusion made from the present embodiment is subjected to squeezing for two passages and three passages again
Pressure, detects its Strain Distribution respectively, as shown in figure 4,3 upper and lower ends of blank are lower strain area in figure, intermediate both sides are Large strain
Area, Fig. 4 (a), (b), (c) are respectively a time, two passages and three passages, with the increase for squeezing passage, the average equivalent of blank 3
Strain constantly increases, and the strain in 3 outside of blank is apparently higher than intermediate region.
Molding blank 3 is defined as to the portions a, the portions b, the portions c successively from outside to inside, as shown in figure 5, and each portion is used golden picture
Microscope (OM) is detected as shown in fig. 6, Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b, Fig. 6 c are corresponding in turn to the portions a, the portions b, the portions c of Fig. 5, one of subgradient
After formula reciprocating extrusion, the crystallite dimension of blank is distributed in apparent gradient, and crystallite dimension is gradually risen by outside to center, and outer
Side crystallite dimension reaches Ultra-fine Grained size.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) increase gradient shaping channel in reciprocating extrusion channel, the gradient shaping channel is along outer mold wall to central protuberance
Setting；
(2) blank is put into reciprocating extrusion channel, the side along reciprocating extrusion channel is squeezed, and the other side provides the fixed back of the body
Pressure, blank flows into mushrooming deformation after gradient shaping channel, then logical along reciprocating extrusion after blank fully flows into another wing passage
Road carries out reverse extrusion；
(3) the multi-pass molding of blank is completed back and forth.
2. a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution according to claim 1, feature
Be, the gradient shaping channel along middle part to both sides be stair-stepping gradient forming unit.
3. a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution according to claim 2, feature
It is, the stair-stepping gradient forming unit diameter is increased along the middle part of gradient shaping channel to both sides.
4. a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the gradient shaping channel is symmetrical arranged along middle part to both sides.
5. a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the reciprocating extrusion channel and gradient shaping channel are combined die, and the combined die includes upper die and lower die,
The inner cavity of the upper die and lower die includes that left side squeezing passage, Middle-gradient shaping channel and the right side extruding being sequentially communicated are led to
Road.
6. a kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution according to claim 5, feature
It is, the arrival end of the left side squeezing passage is provided with for providing the left side hydraulic cylinder squeezed with back pressure, and the right side is squeezed
The arrival end of pressure passageway is provided with for providing the right side hydraulic cylinder squeezed with back pressure.
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| CN201810251623.4A CN108380682A (en) | 2018-03-26 | 2018-03-26 | A kind of diameter reduced reciprocating extrusion forming method of grain size gradient distribution |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109675949A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-26 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of reciprocating extrusion processing method of high-entropy alloy |
| CN113145675A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-07-23 | 华南理工大学 | Bidirectional extrusion die for preparing ultra-fine grain metal sheet and preparation method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1391255A2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-02-25 | Dmitry Evgenievich Glukhov | Method for producing blanks having a fine-grain structure |
| CN103114217A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-22 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of novel SiCP particulate reinforced rapid solidification magnesium alloy composite material |
| CN103894435A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-02 | 太原理工大学 | Reciprocated extruding device for preparing superfine grain magnesium alloy and processing method thereof |
| CN107138548A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-08 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of reciprocating extrusion processing method for preparing ultra-fine grained magnesium alloy tubing |
-
2018
- 2018-03-26 CN CN201810251623.4A patent/CN108380682A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1391255A2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-02-25 | Dmitry Evgenievich Glukhov | Method for producing blanks having a fine-grain structure |
| CN103114217A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-22 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of novel SiCP particulate reinforced rapid solidification magnesium alloy composite material |
| CN103894435A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-02 | 太原理工大学 | Reciprocated extruding device for preparing superfine grain magnesium alloy and processing method thereof |
| CN107138548A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-08 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of reciprocating extrusion processing method for preparing ultra-fine grained magnesium alloy tubing |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109675949A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-26 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of reciprocating extrusion processing method of high-entropy alloy |
| CN113145675A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-07-23 | 华南理工大学 | Bidirectional extrusion die for preparing ultra-fine grain metal sheet and preparation method |
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Application publication date: 20180810 |