CN108375595A - The test method that surface of workpiece stress is distributed along depth direction - Google Patents
The test method that surface of workpiece stress is distributed along depth direction Download PDFInfo
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- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
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Abstract
The test method that surface of workpiece stress provided by the invention is distributed along depth direction; it is tested using X-ray diffractometer; the metal works carry out corrosion pretreatment before using X-ray diffractometer test on workpiece preprocessor, and the workpiece preprocessor includes work piece platform, control platform, positioning unit, protection location, conductive contact, electrode, pressure unit and depth test unit.The present invention, which provides one kind, makes saturated nacl aqueous solution corrosion stripping means obtain controlled etching depth; and effective protection is realized to non-corrosive region; to obtain the surface in surface of workpiece different depth direction, and then use X-ray diffractometer to its surface stress along the test method of certain depth directional spreding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material surface characteristics test methods, are more particularly to a kind of using X-ray diffractometer and gold
Metal work-pieces etching apparatus carries out the test method that workpiece surface stress is distributed along depth direction.
Background technology
Surface of workpiece can all cause its surface residual stress due to mechanical processing, heat treatment or surface treatment etc.
Variation, and the presence of residual stress has direct and significant influence, usually, compression to the fatigue life of metal works
Presence can significantly improve the fatigue behaviours of metal works, improve its fatigue life.For welding heat treatment or shot-peening etc.
For the mechanical treatment of surface, residual stress size of the workpiece at different depth and its depth distribution feelings in some direction
Condition, it appears even more important.
The crystal structure of metal works is tested using X-ray diffractometer, by comparing unstressed standard diffraction peak
Angle of diffraction variation between the practical diffraction maximum of metal works, the remnants that can obtain a few micrometers of depth of surface of workpiece are answered
Power.And it is distributed to obtain surface of workpiece stress along depth direction, it is necessary to which metal works are carried out in the depth direction
Then stripping tests the residual stress of corresponding depth, so that it may to obtain its stress distribution law along depth direction.For maximum
Degree reduces metal works along depth direction stripping process to the influence of surface stress, generally can not use the side of mechanical processing
Formula, and need by the way of electrochemical corrosion, wherein using electrification is carried out under saturated nacl aqueous solution again circuit on-condition
It is one of the common effective ways removed to metal works in laboratory to learn corrosion.But existing saturated nacl aqueous solution
Corroding stripping means, there are the prominent questions of following several respects：First, for being clamped and conductive piece-holder head is usually metal
Often or there is in experimentation clamping and loosens or fall off etc. to ask for the larger workpiece of irregular either volume in tweezers form
Topic, and then influence being normally carried out for electrochemical corrosion；Second is that the supply of sodium chloride solution is by artificially squeezing suction in corrosion process
There is the volume for the sodium chloride solution that the degreasing cotton ball of sodium chloride solution manually controls, and stored in cotton ball to also depend on behaviour
Author, these result in its corrosion current and voltage is suddenly big or suddenly small, and corrosion rate is uncontrollable；Third, due to corrosion after need by
Sample is sent to depth test device and measures, and this movable depth step by step measures so that measuring position and reference plane all
It will appear different degrees of deviation, cause the determination error of corrosion depth larger；Fourth, non-corrosive region is difficult in corrosion process
Be effectively protected, existing method be realize the protection in non-corrosive region by the way of the adhesive tape stickup, but due to
Adhesive tape adherency can not only make troubles to the cleaning of later samples, but also the intersection of non-corrosive region and corrosion area can be with
The time lengthening of corrosion occurs blistering and phenomenon of osmosis so that non-corrosive region is destroyed in various degree.Therefore, how to make to satisfy
Controlled etching rate is obtained with sodium chloride solution corrosion stripping means, and effective protection is realized to non-corrosive region, to obtain
The surface in surface of workpiece different depth direction, for using X-ray diffractometer to its surface stress along certain depth direction
The test of distribution is extremely important, but there is presently no effective methods.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in the deficiencies for overcoming the above-mentioned prior art, and providing one kind making saturation chlorination
Sodium solution corrodes stripping means and obtains controlled etching depth, and realizes effective protection to non-corrosive region, to obtain metal work
The surface in part surface different depth direction, and then use X-ray diffractometer to its surface stress along certain depth directional spreding
Test method.
According to the test method that surface of workpiece stress provided by the invention is distributed along depth direction, spread out using X-ray
It penetrates instrument to be tested, its technical solution is as follows：The metal works are located before using X-ray diffractometer test in workpiece in advance
Carry out corrosion pretreatment on reason machine, the workpiece preprocessor include work piece platform, control platform, positioning unit, protection location,
Conductive contact, electrode, pressure unit and depth test unit.
The control platform includes ammeter, voltmeter, corrosive liquid storage box, corrosive liquid delivery pipe and support arm.
The conductive contact is metal copper conductor, is located at surrounding and the bottom of the work piece platform, can be with the metal work
Part surface is connected.It is designed by the multi-faceted conductive contact of surrounding and bottom so that between metal works and electrochemical corrosion pond
Effective on-state is all kept at any time, and without being influenced by metal works shape, this is with existing using grips workpiece side
The method of edge is also more secure compared to easier to operate.
The positioning unit is located at the quadrangle of affiliated work piece platform, to institute's metal work-pieces sample by way of screw and baffle
It is fixed.
The bottom of the work piece platform can be rotated at any angle.The rotatable design of the work piece platform bottom
So that the depth of surface of workpiece any direction can be obtained and be realized, this has aobvious compared with existing hand-held sample
The advantage of work.
The protection location includes pressing plate and flexible organic material cover board, the cover board centre position opening.The protection
Unit carries out the seamless applying of non-corrosive region surface and covering by flexible organic material cover board, and pressing plate is enough by applying
External force realize that cover board and workpiece surface fit closely, it is ensured that sodium chloride solution can not penetrate into non-corrosive region, in the cover board
Between position opening for exposing wait for corrosion area, it is simple to operate.
The head of described electrode is equipped with the cotton head of fixed volume, and the inside of described electrode is conveyed with the corrosive liquid
Pipe communicates, and the pressure unit is the tabletting that bottom carries through-hole, and connecting rod is equipped in the middle part of the tabletting, is had at the top of affiliated connecting rod micro-
The automatic charging assembly of type and pressure sensor.Realize the control of sodium chloride solution supply by designing above, and pressure list
The design of member realizes the controllable of corrosion potentials and electric current but also pressure controllable between cotton head and metal works,
It is finally obtained controllable corrosion rate.
The depth test unit includes digital display depth gage and rotating arm, and the rotating arm is fixed on the support arm
On, there are screens block, the end of the digital display depth gage to be three and be separately provided between the rotating arm and the support arm
Pin type measuring point, the measuring point are located on three vertex of equilateral triangle, each measuring point can carry out independent measurement,
The average value of last three measuring points represents the ultimate depth of etch planes.It can be with of short duration etch-stop process, so in corrosion process
The measurement for being carried out depth using digital display depth gage afterwards, has been saved the time, has also improved the validity of corrosion.It is more crucial
It is the in situ measurement of metal works corrosion depth to be realized by the design of screens block, in conjunction with the three of distribution in equilateral triangle
The design of a pin type measuring point being separately provided so that the measurement of corrosion depth is more accurate.
The test method that the surface of workpiece stress is distributed along depth direction, includes the following steps：
（1）The metal works sample cleaned up is placed in the work piece platform of the workpiece preprocessor, by institute
It states conductive contact with institute metal work-pieces to be connected, it is ensured that conductive contact and surface of workpiece securely connect；
（2）The metal works sample is positioned using the positioning unit, the depth direction according to required acquisition is true
The position for determining etch planes, is then positioned and is fixed；
（3）Saturated nacl aqueous solution will be full of in the corrosive liquid storage box；
（4）The metal works specimen surface is covered into the flexible organic material cover board, be analysed to position be exposed to it is described
The pressing plate is pressed on the flexible organic material cover board by the opening of flexible organic material cover board；
（5）The described electrode equipped with fixed volume cotton head is connected with the metal works specimen surface position to be analyzed
It touches；
（6）The corrosive liquid delivery pipe in described electrode is opened, so that saturated nacl aqueous solution is entered in cotton head and connects
Be powered chemical etching channels, starts the corrosion that depth direction is carried out to the metal works specimen surface, basis in corrosion process
Need the control of progress pressure and sodium chloride solution flow；
（7）The corrosion that certain time is carried out under fixation pressure and the etching condition of corrosive liquid conveying speed, by periodically using
The digital display depth gage carries out corrosion depth measurement, establishes the relationship between etching condition and corrosion rate, and according to required
The depth of test stress is wanted to determine corresponding etching time；
（8）Stress test is carried out to the metal works specimen surface corroded position to be analyzed using X-ray diffractometer；
（9）The metal works sample after previous step is carried out stress test repeats above step, and according to need
The work piece platform bottom is rotated to drive the metal works sample to rotate, to can get the metal works
The regularity of distribution of the surface stress along arbitrary depth direction.
According to the test method that surface of workpiece stress provided by the invention is distributed along depth direction, with prior art phase
Than having the following advantages that：
1, the present invention passes through the supply of control saturated nacl aqueous solution, effectively conductive guarantee and cotton ball and metal works
Between pressure, the stabilization of corrosion current and voltage and controllable is realized, to obtain controllable corrosion rate.Pass through surrounding
It is designed with the multi-faceted conductive contact of bottom so that all keep effectively connecting shape at any time between metal works and electrochemical corrosion pond
State realizes the control of sodium chloride solution supply by the design of control platform and pressure unit, realize corrosion potentials and
Electric current it is controllable, be finally obtained controllable corrosion rate.
2, the present invention introduces depth test unit by synchronous in corrosion process, and be effectively ensured corrosion depth can
Control.The design of depth test unit realizes the in situ measurement of corrosion depth, solves and is moved again to after corroding under existence conditions
The larger measurement error problem that depth test is brought is carried out in external test device, it can be with of short duration etch-stop mistake in corrosion process
Then journey is carried out the measurement of depth using digital display depth gage, has saved the time, also improved the validity of corrosion.Pass through card
The in situ measurement of metal works corrosion depth is furthermore achieved in the design of position block, in conjunction with three lists of distribution in equilateral triangle
The pin type measuring point and each measuring point that are solely arranged can carry out the design of independent measurement, can pass through the average value of three measuring points
Represent the ultimate depth of etch planes so that the measurement of corrosion depth is more accurate, is further provided for the control of corrosion depth
It ensures.
3, the present invention is designed by the protection location of pressing plate and flexible organic material cover board, is fundamentally effectively controlled pair
The protection in non-corrosive region.The protection location carries out the seamless applying of non-corrosive region surface by flexible organic material cover board
And covering, and pressing plate makes cover board fully become with generation in surface of workpiece extrusion process by applying enough external force
Shape, and then ensure that sodium chloride solution can not penetrate into non-corrosive region, it is simple to operate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure vertical view of the workpiece preprocessor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the overall structure side view of the workpiece preprocessor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the work piece platform of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the control platform structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the protection location structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the support arm partial structural diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, according to surface of workpiece stress provided by the invention along the test side that depth direction is distributed
Method is tested using X-ray diffractometer, and its technical solution is as follows：The metal works 1 are using the X-ray diffractometer
Carry out corrosion pretreatment on workpiece preprocessor before test, the workpiece preprocessor include work piece platform 2, control platform 3,
Positioning unit 4, protection location 5, conductive contact 6, electrode 7, pressure unit 8 and depth test unit 9.
Referring to Fig. 4, the control platform 3 includes ammeter 31, voltmeter 32, corrosive liquid storage box 33, corrosive liquid conveying
Pipe 34 and support arm 35.
Referring to Fig. 3, the conductive contact 6 is metal copper conductor, is located at surrounding and the bottom of the work piece platform 2, can be with
1 surface of the metal works is connected.It is designed by the multi-faceted conductive contact of surrounding and bottom so that metal works and electrochemistry
Corrosion all keeps effective on-state at any time between pond, and without being influenced by metal works shape, this uses collet with existing
The method at clamping workpiece edge is also more secure compared to easier to operate.
The positioning unit 4 is located at the quadrangle of affiliated work piece platform 2, to the metal work by way of screw and baffle
Part 1 is fixed.
The bottom of the work piece platform 2 can be rotated at any angle.The rotatable of work piece platform bottom sets
Meter is so that the depth of surface of workpiece any direction can obtain and realize that this has compared with existing hand-held sample
Significant advantage.
Referring to Fig. 5, the protection location 5 includes pressing plate 51 and flexible organic material cover board 52,52 interposition of the cover board
Set opening.The protection location carries out the seamless applying of non-corrosive region surface and covering by flexible organic material cover board, and
Pressing plate ensures that sodium chloride solution can not penetrate into non-corrosive region by applying smaller external force, simple to operate.
Referring to Fig. 6, the cotton head 71 of the head of described electrode 7 equipped with fixed volume, the inside of described electrode and institute
It states corrosive liquid delivery pipe 34 to communicate, the pressure unit 8 is the tabletting 81 that bottom carries through-hole, and connecting rod is equipped in the middle part of the tabletting
82, miniature automatic charging assembly 83 and pressure sensor 84 are arranged at 82 top of affiliated connecting rod.Sodium chloride is realized by designing above
The control of solution supply, and pressure unit design but also cotton head and metal works between pressure controllable, Jin Ershi
Show the controllable of corrosion potentials and electric current, is finally obtained controllable corrosion rate.
The depth test unit 9 includes digital display depth gage 91 and rotating arm 92, and the rotating arm 92 is fixed on described
There is screens block on support arm 35 between the rotating arm 92 and the support arm 35, the end of the digital display depth gage is three
The pin type measuring point being separately provided, the measuring point are located on three vertex of equilateral triangle, each measuring point can be into
The average value of row independent measurement, last three measuring points represents the ultimate depth of etch planes（The screens block and the measuring point are not
It indicates in the accompanying drawings）.Metal works corrosion depth is furthermore achieved by the design of screens block in the depth test unit
In situ measurement efficiently solves the deviation caused by shifting measurement.Due to X-ray stress gauge test stress process Instrumental
Collimation pipe diameter determines the facula area of X-ray, and usual collimator is a diameter of to be no more than 10 millimeters, therefore the position of three measuring points
Installing can determine and adjust according to collimation pipe diameter surely, so that the validity test area of corrosion depth is more than collimator
Area, it is ensured that depth reversal of stress test accuracy, can then be utilized with of short duration etch-stop process in corrosion process
The measurement that digital display depth gage carries out depth has been saved the time, has also been improved with that can continue corrosion test after measurement
The validity of corrosion.
The test method that the surface of workpiece stress is distributed along depth direction, includes the following steps：
（1）1 sample of the metal works cleaned up is placed in the work piece platform 2 of the workpiece preprocessor, it will
The conductive contact 6 is connected with institute metal work-pieces 1, it is ensured that conductive contact 6 and 1 surface of metal works securely connect；
（2）1 sample of the metal works is positioned using the positioning unit 4, according to the depth direction of required acquisition
The position for determining etch planes, is then positioned and is fixed；
（3）Saturated nacl aqueous solution will be full of in the corrosive liquid storage box 33；
（4）1 specimen surface of the metal works is covered into the flexible organic material cover board 42, position is analysed to and is exposed to institute
The pressing plate 41 is pressed on the flexible organic material cover board by the opening for stating flexible organic material cover board；
（5）The described electrode 7 equipped with fixed volume cotton head is connected with 1 specimen surface of metal works position to be analyzed
It touches；
（6）The corrosive liquid delivery pipe 34 in described electrode 7 is opened, saturated nacl aqueous solution is made to enter in cotton head
Electrochemical corrosion channel is connected, starts the corrosion for carrying out depth direction to the metal works specimen surface, root in corrosion process
According to the control for needing progress pressure and sodium chloride solution flow；
（7）The corrosion that certain time is carried out under fixation pressure and the etching condition of corrosive liquid conveying speed, by periodically using
The digital display depth gage 91 carries out corrosion depth measurement, establishes the relationship between etching condition and corrosion rate, and according to institute
The depth of test stress is needed to determine corresponding etching time；
（8）Stress test is carried out to 1 specimen surface of the metal works corroded position to be analyzed using X-ray diffractometer；
（9）1 sample of the metal works after previous step is carried out stress test repeats above step, and according to need
2 bottom of the work piece platform is rotated to drive the metal works sample to rotate, to can get the metal work
The regularity of distribution of the part surface stress along arbitrary depth direction.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding these embodiments can be changed without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of the present invention by
The following claims and their equivalents limit.
Claims (9)
1. the test method that surface of workpiece stress is distributed along depth direction, is tested using X-ray diffractometer, feature
It is, the metal works carry out corrosion pretreatment, institute before using X-ray diffractometer test on workpiece preprocessor
It includes work piece platform, control platform, positioning unit, protection location, conductive contact, electrode, pressure list to state workpiece preprocessor
Member and depth test unit.
2. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 1 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The control platform includes ammeter, voltmeter, corrosive liquid storage box, corrosive liquid delivery pipe and support arm.
3. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 1 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The conductive contact is metal copper conductor, is located at surrounding and the bottom of the work piece platform, can be with the surface of workpiece phase
Even.
4. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 1 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The positioning unit is located at the quadrangle of affiliated work piece platform, is consolidated to institute's metal work-pieces sample by way of screw and baffle
It is fixed.
5. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 1 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The bottom of the work piece platform can be rotated at any angle.
6. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 1 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The protection location includes pressing plate and flexible organic material cover board, the cover board centre position opening.
7. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 2 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The head of described electrode is equipped with the cotton head of fixed volume, and the inside of described electrode is communicated with the corrosive liquid delivery pipe,
The pressure unit is the tabletting that bottom carries through-hole, and connecting rod is equipped in the middle part of the tabletting, is had at the top of affiliated connecting rod miniature automatic
Charging assembly and pressure sensor.
8. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 2 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
The depth test unit includes digital display depth gage and rotating arm, and the rotating arm is fixed on the support arm, the rotation
There is screens block between pivoted arm and the support arm, the end of the digital display depth gage is three pin type measuring points being separately provided,
The measuring point is located on three vertex of equilateral triangle.
9. the test method that surface of workpiece stress according to claim 1 is distributed along depth direction, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
（1）The metal works sample cleaned up is placed in the work piece platform of the workpiece preprocessor, by institute
Conductive contact is stated with institute metal work-pieces to be connected；
（2）The metal works sample is positioned using the positioning unit；
（3）Saturated nacl aqueous solution will be full of in the corrosive liquid storage box；
（4）The metal works specimen surface is covered into the flexible organic material cover board, be analysed to position be exposed to it is described
The pressing plate is pressed on the flexible organic material cover board by the opening of flexible organic material cover board；
（5）The described electrode equipped with fixed volume cotton head is connected with the metal works specimen surface position to be analyzed
It touches；
（6）The corrosive liquid delivery pipe in described electrode is opened, so that saturated nacl aqueous solution is entered in cotton head and connects
Be powered chemical etching channels, starts the corrosion that depth direction is carried out to the metal works specimen surface；
（7）The corrosion that certain time is carried out under fixation pressure and the etching condition of corrosive liquid conveying speed, by periodically using
The digital display depth gage carries out corrosion depth measurement, establishes the relationship between etching condition and corrosion rate, and according to required
The depth of test stress is wanted to determine corresponding etching time；
（8）Stress test is carried out to the metal works specimen surface corroded position to be analyzed using X-ray diffractometer；
The metal works sample after previous step is carried out stress test repeats above step, and right as needed
The work piece platform bottom is rotated that the metal works sample is driven to rotate, to can get the surface of workpiece
The regularity of distribution of the stress along arbitrary depth direction.
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| CN201810163544.8A CN108375595B (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2018-02-27 | Method for testing distribution of surface stress of metal workpiece along depth direction |
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| CN201810163544.8A CN108375595B (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2018-02-27 | Method for testing distribution of surface stress of metal workpiece along depth direction |
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| CN110146207A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-20 | 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 | The depth of measurement residual stress is electrolysed etching system and method automatically |
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| CN111207869A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-05-29 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | Additive product residual stress testing method |
| CN113604864A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-11-05 | 晋西工业集团有限责任公司 | Depth-controllable electrolytic stripping method |
| CN117147600A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Bridge body internal bonding prestress testing method based on X-ray diffraction |
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| US4803136A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1989-02-07 | Emerson Electric Co. | Method of manufacturing a safety vented container and product |
| JP4619490B2 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2011-01-26 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | Inspection method of semiconductor device |
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| CN110146207A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-20 | 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 | The depth of measurement residual stress is electrolysed etching system and method automatically |
| CN110807281A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-18 | 重庆大学 | Gear PSN curve drawing method considering material inclusions and residual stress |
| CN110807281B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2024-01-26 | 重庆大学 | Gear PSN curve drawing method considering material inclusion and residual stress |
| CN111207869A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2020-05-29 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | Additive product residual stress testing method |
| CN113604864A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-11-05 | 晋西工业集团有限责任公司 | Depth-controllable electrolytic stripping method |
| WO2024082185A1 (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Measurement device for package stress of chip, and measurement method |
| CN117147600A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Bridge body internal bonding prestress testing method based on X-ray diffraction |
| CN117147600B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-01-12 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Bridge body internal bonding prestress testing method based on X-ray diffraction |
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