CN108368790A

CN108368790A - MEMS bolometer sensors for measuring the temperature in automobile exhaust pipe

Info

Publication number: CN108368790A
Application number: CN201680072016.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: W·菲舍尔; N·拉维
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2015-10-30
Filing date: 2016-10-31
Publication date: 2018-08-03
Also published as: EP3362665A1; EP3362665A4; WO2017075588A1

Abstract

The control system of internal combustion engine includes temperature sensor and engine controller.The sensor measurement is during each cycle by the temperature of the exhaust of the exhaust manifold of the engine.The controller selectively operates engine under first state and the second state.Under described first, normal condition, a certain amount of fuel based on open-loop fuel qualitative directives value is injected into each cycle in the engine.In said second condition, the controller determines the temperature of the exhaust during normal circulation, it will be in described a certain amount of and additional fuel injection to the engine during second circulation, the temperature of the exhaust is determined during the second circulation, compare the temperature, and adjusts the command value that the when of operating the engine in said first condition each recycles fuel to be sprayed.

Description

MEMS bolometer sensors for measuring the temperature in automobile exhaust pipe

Technical field

The present disclosure generally relates to field of temperature measurement, more particularly relate to the control system and temperature of automobile exhaust system Spend sensor.

Background technology

It is many industry and business systems and in the process measuring temperature to provide the condition needed for system and process operation.It is logical The temperature of accurate measuring systems and industrial process is crossed, relevant device can be run with optimum efficiency.Temperature survey is carried out to internal combustion engine Amount may be particularly critical, because the efficiency of engine may be directly related with the temperature of engine operation.

For temperature sensing some application there is severe or extreme environments, this can influence temperature sensor and accurately determine The ability of temperature.For example, in certain form of internal combustion engine, the temperature of engine exhaust can provide engine running condition Accurate instruction.However, due to the adverse circumstances of exhaust, temperature sensing system and temperature sensor itself need firm packaging with It prevents from extreme environment from influencing temperature to measure.Highly complex packaging may be needed to protect system or sensor.Unfortunately, this Although the packaging of type effectively, may be expensive or complicated.Furthermore, it may be desired to additional circuit and relevant cloth Line in extreme environment to transmit electrical temperature signal.Therefore, it is presently available for the available temperature sensing of this extreme applications Device is relatively fewer.

Of a commercially available temperature sensor is known, in scheduled discrete time period, usually at every several seconds Or more measuring temperature in the magnitude of second.This discrete time of measuring period may be too long for certain form of application, Therefore it is not suitable for quick, Cycle by Cycle temperature to measure.In particular, being measured for advanced control per discrete time every few seconds Combustion strategies, for example for the homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI of internal combustion engine：Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) and spark auxiliary compression light a fire (SACI：Spark Assisted Compression Ignition) it is useless 's.

Internal combustion engine compress and burn during successive cycle of engine a certain amount of air in each cylinder/ Fuel mixture.If there is exactly enough air with all fuel that burn, air/fuel mixture is referred to as ideal and matches Compare mixture.For usual internal combustion engine, according to the type and other factors of fuel, the stoichiometric(al) of air and fuel usually exists By weight about 10-20:In the range of 1.If there is the air than stoichiometric(al) mixture greater proportion, then by the mixing Object is referred to as poor, if there is the air than stoichiometric(al) mixture smaller scale, then the mixture is known as richness.Air-combustion Material equivalent proportion (λ) is that the normalization of air/fuel mixture indicates, is expressed as air/fuel mixture that is practical or measuring With the ratio between stoichiometric(al) mixture, therefore, stoichiometric(al) mixture has the λ equal to 1, and rich mixture, which has, is less than 1 λ, lean mixture have more than 1 λ.

The λ value of the air/fuel mixture to burn in cycle of engine can influence the output torque and speed of engine Load balance, engine luggine level between degree stability, different cylinders, the exhaust emissions of engine generation, row The temperature and other factors of the gas gone out.For example, burning lean mixture will produce the discharged nitrous oxides of greater proportion, burning Rich mixture will produce other emissions of greater proportion, such as carbon monoxide.Therefore, started by fully controlling to be supplied to The λ value of the air/fuel mixture of machine can improve the operability, efficiency and the influence to environment of engine.However, from The poor conversion to stoichiometric(al) to richness is carried out within the scope of very narrow λ value, this needs to accurately control λ value.

It is mixed that United States Patent (USP) No.5,117,631 describes a kind of air/fuel for controlling supply internal combustion engine to be metered The method and apparatus for closing the λ value of object.When reference includes the term similar with term as used herein, art as described herein The meaning of language controls.In 5,117,631, control process, which is included between increase and the λ value for reducing air/fuel mixture, to be handed over It replaces, to surround desired time average oscillation.However, since λ is controlled on the basis of time averaging, it is possible that Change in the presence of the Cycle by Cycle that can influence engine characteristics.

Since the λ value of mixture is directly related with the amount of oxygen in the emitted exhaust products of combustion process, manufacture Use the λ control systems of the lambda probe of the oxygen content of the exhaust of sensing engine generation.It has also manufactured and has been sensed using electric thermo-couple temperature Device senses the combustion control system of the temperature of exhaust because lean mixture tend to burn than stoichiometric(al) mixture it is hotter, And rich mixture tend to than stoichiometric(al) mixture burn it is colder.However, the response time of the sensor of these types when Between constant usually it is too long so that it cannot during single cycle of engine read temperature reading and adjust mixture λ value, because For according to the operating status of engine, single cycle of engine is likely to be at a millisecond magnitude.

United States Patent (USP) 7,461,545 describes a kind of for reciprocating to monitor by analyzing exhaust gas temperature sensor signal The method of circulation change in engine.The method is utilized improved thermocouple temperature sensor, the sensor by with It is set to the signal response time with reduction, so as to which Cycle by Cycle reads the temperature reading of exhaust, the temperature of the exhaust is read Number can be fed to engine control system.However, especially because improved sensor is positioned directly in the evil of exhaust stream In bad environment, so generated improved sensor may be expensive in terms of production and maintenance.In addition, working as various cycles Between measurement result because relatively small temperature value is without simultaneously, if not to sensor values carry out complicated filtering and point Analysis, then may be difficult adequately to be controlled engine.

Other types of temperature sensor with shorter signal response time has been developed that, such as surveys radiant heat Meter, but this sensor is not optimized to bear severe exhaust environment.

Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of adverse circumstances of exhaust that can bear internal combustion engine and it can be used for Cycle by Cycle measurement exhaust Fast temperature sensor and a kind of engine control system optimized for Cycle by Cycle λ controls.

Invention content

It is the short summary of the theme to describing in further detail herein below.This summary is not intended to be limited to the model of claim It encloses.

Using based on infrared non-contact temperature sensor, severe ring can be remotely measured on the basis of Cycle by Cycle Border, the gas temperature for example in engine exhaust, the packaging without complexity and the expensive wiring to external environment/be electrically connected It connects.Use the temperature inside the probe measuring environment of sealing.The probe of sealing is substantially identical as environment temperature, the probe of sealing Temperature use infrared temperature sensor measure.This enables sensor element to be physically remote from hot environment, example As the region in exhaust pathway is placed.Therefore, traditional packaging and standard signal can be applied to improve.Based on infrared sensor The advantageously time constant with millisecond magnitude allows very quick temperature to measure.Described system, method and apparatus can It is efficiently used for automobile application and extensive industrial use.

In one embodiment, temperature-sensing device includes probe unit and sensor unit.Probe unit is configured to It is located in environment so that the temperature of probe unit corresponds to the temperature of environment.Sensor unit is spaced apart with probe unit, is made When proper probe unit is located in environment, sensor unit delocalization is in environment.Sensor unit is configured to sensing and visits The temperature of needle unit, and generate the electric signal of the temperature for the probe unit that instruction senses.

Described device further includes the shell of sealing, the shell of the sealing have first end, with the first end phase Inside between anti-the second end and the first end and the second end.Probe unit closes the first end of shell Portion so that opened with environment seal isolation the inside of shell.Sensor unit is mounted on the side towards inside of the second end.

Temperature emitting infrared radiation of the probe unit with reference to probe unit.Sensor unit includes being configured to sensing by visiting The infrared sensor of the infra-red radiation of needle unit transmitting, and the electric signal generated by sensor unit is red with reference to sensing What external radiation generated.Advantageously, temperature-sensing device has the time constant of millisecond magnitude.In one embodiment, sensor Unit includes MEMS bolometers.

It is measured with the temperature that the engine with the exhaust pipe for being configured to the gas that discharge engine generates is used together System includes temperature-sensing device as described above, and the temperature-sensing device is operably connected to processor, the processing Device is configured to determine the temperature of the exhaust sensed with reference to electric signal.Engine controller be operably connected to processor and Engine, and be configured to control engine with reference to the delivery temperature sensed on the basis of Cycle by Cycle.

In one embodiment, probe unit is configured so that time cycle of the variation in millisecond magnitude of environment temperature Inside cause the variation of probe temperature.The determination of the temperature of the environment sensed can repeat at least one subsequent time cycle, It can be used for promoting advanced combustion strategies, such as homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) and the igniting of spark auxiliary compression to collect (SACI) the Cycle by Cycle data of environment temperature.

In order to promote the Cycle by Cycle of the λ value of the air/fuel mixture for internal combustion engine to adjust, engine control system packet Include temperature sensor and engine controller.When temperature sensor has the quick response for the millisecond magnitude for capableing of Cycle by Cycle measurement Between, and be configured to generate the signal of the temperature of exhaust of the instruction by the exhaust manifold of engine.Engine controller quilt It is configured to selectively operate engine under first state and the second state.For operation in the first state, engine Controller is configured to fuel injector of the operation for engine, will correspond to a certain amount of of open-loop fuel qualitative directives value Fuel injection to engine in.For operation in the second condition, engine controller is configured to：Based on described one The signal generated by temperature sensor during the first cycle of engine that quantitative fuel is injected into engine determines exhaust The first temperature, operation fuel injector during the second cycle of engine by a certain amount of fuel together with additional amount In fuel injection to engine, the be vented is determined based on the signal generated by temperature sensor during the second cycle of engine Two temperature compare at least the first temperature and second temperature, and adjust open-loop fuel qualitative directives value based on the comparison.

It includes that configuration temperature sensor passes through engine to generate instruction to promote the method for the Cycle by Cycle λ controls of internal combustion engine The signal of the temperature of the exhaust of exhaust manifold.A certain amount of fuel based on open-loop fuel qualitative directives value is followed in the first engine It is injected into engine during ring, and the first temperature of exhaust is determined based on the signal during the first cycle of engine. During the second cycle of engine, the fuel of a certain amount of fuel and additional amount is ejected into engine, and The second temperature of exhaust is determined.Compare the first and second temperature, and adjusts open-loop fuel qualitative directives based on the comparison Value.

When second temperature is more than the first temperature, the air/fuel mixture of engine is poor, and the adjustment includes increasing Ring fuel mass command value is increased, to increase the fuel quantity sprayed during the first cycle of engine.When the first temperature is more than the When two temperature, the air/fuel mixture of engine is rich, and the adjustment includes reducing open-loop fuel qualitative directives value, with Reduce the fuel quantity sprayed during the first cycle of engine.The adjusting is configured to engine on the basis of Cycle by Cycle The λ value of air/fuel mixture be adjusted to 1.

It is outlined above to provide simplified summary, to provide some aspects to system as described herein and/or method Basic comprehension.This summary is not the extensive overview ot to system as described herein and/or method.It is not intended to determine it is crucial/ Key element or the range for describing these system and or methods.Its sole purpose is to propose that some are general in simplified form It reads, as the preamble in greater detail introduced later.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to the temperature-sensing device of the disclosure.

Fig. 2-4 is the schematic diagram according to the different embodiments of the temperature-sensing device of the disclosure.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram according to the Sensor section of the temperature-sensing device of the disclosure.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram according to the probe portion of the temperature-sensing device of the disclosure.

Fig. 7 is the schematic block diagram according to the temperature measurement system of the disclosure.

Fig. 8 is the schematic block diagram according to an exemplary embodiment of the control system for internal combustion engine of the disclosure.

Fig. 9 and 10 is the flow chart according to the different exemplary control methods for internal combustion engine of the disclosure.

Figure 11 is the diagram for the analog result that engine is controlled according to the method for Figure 10.

Specific implementation mode

In order to promote the understanding to the principle of embodiment described herein, referring now to attached in following printed instructions Figure and description.Bibliography is not intended to limit the range of theme.The disclosure further includes any change and modification to diagram embodiment, And include the principle for the described embodiment that the those of ordinary skill in the field as involved by this document usually will recognize that Further apply.

Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to the temperature-sensing device 100 of the disclosure.Described device 100 includes probe unit 102 and sensor unit 104.Probe unit 102 is positioned such that it is located substantially in environment 106 to be measured.Probe At a temperature of unit 102 is exposed to environment 106, and it is configured to reach temperature corresponding with the temperature of environment.Sensor Unit 104 is positioned such that it is located in the region 108 other than environment 106.Therefore, sensor unit 104 is at least partly With the temperature isolation of environment 106.

Sensor unit is configured to the temperature of sensing probe unit 102, and is further configured to generate instruction probe list The electric signal of the temperature of member 102.In one embodiment, probe unit is configured in response to the temperature of environment 106 and from ring Border 106 absorbs heat and emitting infrared radiation, and thus infra-red radiation draws directed towards sensor unit 104 at least partly.Sensor Unit 104 is configured to detect the infra-red radiation that the heat absorbed from probe unit 102 from environment 106 is generated.

In in one aspect of the present disclosure, environment 106 is the temperature relative to the region 108 other than environment 106 with height The severe or extreme environment of temperature.Since compared with the temperature of environment 106, the temperature in region 108 is low, therefore come from region 108 infrared emission has no significant effect the temperature measurement of sensor unit 104.In addition, for example at a temperature of environment 106 When drop, any waste heat retained by probe unit 102 can be dissipated into region 108 or environment 106.Advantageously, Because sensor unit 104 is spaced apart with environment 106, the connection of traditional electronics and packaging practice are used equally in device Sensor unit 104 is provided in 100 without damage or the inaccurate risk measured.

Fig. 2 shows the one of the temperature-sensing device 200 for including shell 210, probe unit 202 and sensor unit 204 A exemplary embodiment.Probe unit 202 closes the first end 212 of shell 210, and sensor unit 204 is mounted on shell 210 The second end 214 the inside 216 towards shell 210 side on, the inside 216 is by first end 212 and second end Portion 214 limits.In one embodiment, shell 210 is the hollow pipe for having substantially cylindrical shape, while it is also envisaged that Other shapes for shell 210.Device 200 is positioned such that include that the first part 222 of probe unit 202 is located in the phase It hopes in the environment 206 measured, and to include that the second part 224 of sensor unit 204 is located in the area other than environment 206 In domain 208.In an aspect, the inside 216 of shell 210 is sealed off at least one of environment 206 and region 208 It opens so that prevent such as gas, fragment or other materials from entering inside 216, otherwise may pollute or damage sensor unit 204。

In one example, environment 206 is to guide the pipeline of hot fluid, such as the exhaust of engine is left in guiding exhaust Pipe.Therefore shell 210 extends through the hole 218 in the wall of pipe 206.First part 222 extends in exhaust pipe 206 so that visits Needle unit 202 is located substantially on the centre in the channel for the flow path for limiting pipe 206, while it is also envisaged that other positions.One In a embodiment, probe unit 202 is positioned to be more than in the wake boundary region of the interior gas flowed of pipe 206.Because second Points 224 are located at other than the flow path of pipe 206, thus second part 224 and thus sensor unit 204 at least partly with Exhaust isolation in pipe 206.

Advantageously, at least second part 224 of shell 210 is configured to have enough quality, surface area and thermal conductivity, So that the temperature that shell 210 keeps relative stability in the temperature in the region 208 being exposed to other than environment 206.Because of shell 210 State in basic stable state, so the excessive latent heat in probe unit 202 can dissipate rapidly, because of the temperature of shell 210 Less than the temperature of environment 206.This makes the oscillation of the submicrosecond in environment temperature that can cause the detectable of the temperature of probe unit 202 Variation.Shell 210 is also at least partially isolated sensor unit 204, to be furthermore enable to use traditional electronics Connection and packaging practice are without damage or the inaccurate risk measured.

In one example, probe unit 202 due to it temperature and emitting infrared radiation, sensor unit 204 include Infrared sensor, the infrared sensor are configured to detect the infrared spoke in the particular detection angle relative to sensor It penetrates.Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of device 200, wherein sensor unit 204 has shown in detection line 228 Narrow detection angles, the detection line 228 extend from sensor unit 204 but do not contact shell 210.Fig. 4 shows that one is shown Example property embodiment, wherein shell 210 includes reflecting material so that by least one of the infra-red radiation that probe unit 202 emits Divide and reflected along inside 216 by the reflecting material in shell 210, and is guided to sensor unit 204, the sensor Unit 204 has such as wide detection angles shown in detection line 230, and the detection line 230 impinges upon on shell 210 and by shell Body 210 reflects.In one example, shell 210 includes metal.In another example, the inside 216 of shell 210 is coated with Or it is lined with reflecting material.

Fig. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the second part 224 of shell 210.As shown in figure 5, sensor unit 204 include infrared sensor 234, and the infrared sensor 234 is installed to the side of the second end 214 simultaneously via spacer 236 And it is configured to generate the electric signal of the temperature of instruction probe unit 202.In one example, spacer 236 is inserted into shell In cavity 238 in the second end 214 of body 210, to closed cavity 238.As an example, spacer 236 can be press fitted against It closes, screw in, fastening, welding, bonding or bolt are fixed on shell 210.Particularly, spacer 236 may include screw thread, described Screw thread is configured to and the corresponding screw-thread fit positioned along cavity 238 and engages, and pacifies spacer 236 although can use Any suitable method in shell 210.

In an aspect, spacer 236 include isolated material and be configured at least partly by sensor 234 with High temperature is isolated.In one example, spacer 236 for example includes the material of such as ceramics, plastics or glass.In one aspect In, spacer 236 further includes electrical connections 240, and the electrical connections 240 are configured to sensor 234 being electrically connected to Such as processor (for example, with reference to the processor 306 in Fig. 7), for determining the electric signal for corresponding to and being generated by sensor 234 The environment 206 sensed temperature.In other embodiments, pass through shell 210 for connecting the electrical connector of sensor 234 In hole.

Shell 210 can be for example by being inserted into the hole 218 of pipe 206 (Fig. 2), then by it by the installation of device 200 On (Fig. 5) is installed in the cavity 238 that the spacer 236 of sensor 234 is inserted into shell 210 to complete.Also contemplate it Its installation process, wherein be included in before shell 210 is mounted on desired locations, include in shell by sensor unit 204 In 210.

Fig. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of the first part 222 of shell 210.In an aspect, probe unit 202 include the thin metal film 232 with high heat conductance so that environment 206 (Fig. 2), compared with the amplitude of the temperature of environment 206 For the smaller temperature change of amplitude cause the temperature change that can detect by sensor unit 204 of probe unit 202.Change sentence It talks about, thin metal film 232 has the small time constant for absorbing heat/radiating so that the temperature tracking exhaust of probe unit 202 Temperature, temperature fluctuation, the temperature change that for example occurs within the time cycle of millisecond magnitude even for submicrosecond grade.

Because the first part 222 of shell 210 is located in environment 206, in some embodiments, environment 206 is come from Material can be deposited on first part 222 or probe unit 202.For example, in some cases, it is micro- to carry out self-purging flue dust Grain can be gathered so that first part 222 or probe unit 202 is completely covered.Advantageously, this smokeshade accumulation does not interfere with The performance of device 200, it might even be possible to improve the heat absorption of probe unit 202.

In one embodiment, first part 222 includes preconditioner 234, such as is arranged in probe unit 202 or the first The carbon being exposed on the outer surface of environment 206 or dust layer of part 222.Preconditioner 234 promotes the stabilization with the time Heat absorption characteristic.

Fig. 7 shows showing for an exemplary temperature measuring system 300 for the engine 302 with exhaust pipe 304 Meaning property block diagram, the exhaust pipe 304 are configured to that the gas generated by internal combustion engine 302 is discharged.For example, engine 302 can To be internal combustion engine, compression engine or combinations thereof.System 300 includes the temperature being located in as described above in exhaust pipe 304 Sensing device further 200 (Fig. 2) is spent, and operable to determine the temperature for the exhaust being discharged from engine 302 by exhaust pipe 304.

Temperature-sensing device 200 includes sensor unit 204, and sensor unit 204 generates the temperature of instruction probe unit 202 The electric signal of degree, and it is operably connected to processor 306 via electrical connector 312.Processor 306 be configured to reference to by The electric signal that sensor unit 204 generates determines the temperature of the exhaust sensed in exhaust pipe 304.Processor 306 may be used also It is operatively coupled to engine controller 308, and is configured to provide the temperature and other of exhaust to engine controller 308 Information, such as variation of delivery temperature over time.

In the present embodiment, system 300 further includes interface 310, and the interface 310 is operatively coupled to processor 306, And it is configured to provide the input of additional information to processor 306.In one example, interface 310 can be that user connects Mouthful, by the user interface, user can select one or more setting.

Engine controller 308 is operably connected to engine 302, and is configured to reference and is carried by processor 306 The information of confession controls engine 302.In one embodiment, processor is configured to determine exhaust on the basis of Cycle by Cycle Temperature, wherein each period is the time cycle of millisecond magnitude.Engine controller 308 is further configured in Cycle by Cycle On the basis of control engine 302.Cycle by Cycle measurement helps to implement advanced combustion strategies, example via engine controller 308 As homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) and spark auxiliary compression light a fire (SACI).

Although being operatively connected between each component of system 300 is shown as linearly connected, it is to be understood that, this company To connect can be such as hardwired connection, transmit via such as antenna and receiver wireless connection, or combinations thereof.

Although the foregoing describe multiple embodiments of the temperature for sensing the exhaust being discharged from engine, but it should understanding It arrives, above-mentioned temperature-sensing device can be used for being related to may be damaged traditional sensor or need the time cycle in millisecond magnitude The severe or extreme environment of the temperature of interior measuring environment is widely applied.For example, temperature-sensing device disclosed herein can For power plant, winery, chemical plant, oil well and other industry and machine applications.

Fig. 8 is the schematic of an Exemplary control system 400 of the internal combustion engine for being configured for Cycle by Cycle control Block diagram.Control system 400 includes engine 402, fuel injector 404, air inlet 406, exhaust manifold 408, temperature sensor 410, engine controller 412 and exhaust gas post-treatment device 414.

Fuel injector 404 is operable to supply fuel to engine 402, and air inlet 406 is configured to engine 402 Supply air.The fuel and air supplied by fuel injector 404 and air inlet 406 formed the air that is burnt by engine 402/ Fuel mixture, for example to generate output torque.As described above, as defined by λ value, in mixture air and fuel it Between different proportion determine caused by mixture be poor or rich, and can influence the operation of engine 402 with And the characteristic for the exhaust being discharged by system 400.Therefore, the λ value for accurately controlling exhaust will be beneficial.

Burning is usually happened in cylinder.In the present embodiment, engine 402 includes single cylinder 416, still In various embodiments, engine 402 may include any amount of cylinder or air cylinder group.Such burning will produce from hair The exhaust that motivation 402 is discharged via exhaust manifold 408.Exhaust gas post-treatment device 414 can be optionally included in exhaust manifold 408 Downstream, to remove particle or flue dust for example from exhaust, capture, reduce or transform exhaust contained in substance, or will row At least part of gas is recycled in engine, etc..

The characteristic of the air/fuel mixture of engine 402 is determined for by the exhaust of exhaust manifold 408.Example Such as, in known engine control system, the lambda probe for sensing the remaining oxygen amount in the final vacuum of burning starts for determination The air/fuel mixture of machine is poor or rich.However, exhaust gas oxygensensor usually has the too long of response time, so that not It can realize and the Cycle by Cycle of internal combustion engine is controlled, therefore, the variation in combustion of Cycle by Cycle be will produce by the control system of lambda probe, this The undesirable characteristic of exhaust can be had a negative impact and caused to the operation of engine.

The temperature of sensing exhaust is also used for determining the characteristic of air/fuel mixture, because of the fluctuation of the temperature of exhaust Can indicate the air/fuel mixture for engine be it is poor be it is rich between conversion.However, with sufficiently fast Response time with realize Cycle by Cycle measure conventional temperature sensor usually require costly and complicated modification and/or packaging, with Just the adverse circumstances as caused by being vented are subjected to.The circular flow of engine usually also will produce significant signal noise, described to make an uproar Sound is filtered and post-processes, to realize available temperature reading.It therefore, there is no need to largely pack and need not largely filter with after The control system of processing will be beneficial.

Engine controller 412 is operably connected to engine 402, fuel injector 404 and temperature sensor 410, And it is also operatively connected to trap-oxidizer device 414.Temperature sensor 410 is configured to generate instruction process The signal of the temperature of the exhaust of exhaust manifold 408, and the fast response time with millisecond magnitude.In other words, temperature passes There is sensor 410 thermal time constant, the thermal time constant can realize that Cycle by Cycle measures the exhaust for passing through exhaust manifold 408 Temperature.Engine controller 412 be configured to the temperature with reference to the exhaust sensed by temperature sensor 410 Cycle by Cycle base Engine 402 is operated on plinth.

In the present embodiment, the fast response time of temperature sensor 410 makes engine controller 412 can determine By the temperature of the exhaust of exhaust manifold 408 during each cycle of engine or burn cycle.In some embodiments, temperature is It is determined for one group of cycle, such as when multiple cylinder arrangements are at total row, or when engine 402 is run with high RPM, such as It is lower described.

Exhaust from engine 402 is discharged on the basis of Cycle by Cycle in exhaust manifold 408.In other words, it comes from The exhaust of particular cycle is present in during a time cycle in exhaust manifold 408, i.e., is discharged during being subsequently recycled Sensing " window " before exhaust replacement.The window is passed by the timing of cylinder and air bleeding valve in engine 402 and temperature Sensor 410 is limited relative to the arrangement of exhaust manifold 408.

For the temperature of the exhaust of the particular cycle of the determining exhaustion dilution not recycled then or before, only in window Measuring temperature, therefore, temperature sensor 410 are configured to the response time with the range less than window.Because of the survey of temperature Amount is based only upon the part of the signal generated during window, so relative to non-window sensor measurement, by temperature sensor 410 The signal-to-noise ratio of the signal of generation is improved.In other words, by only measuring the temperature of the time cycle in window, do not consider Unstability in the signal generated due to the operation of the engine 402 occurred other than window and other noises, to subtract The influence of few signal that engine controller 412 is considered.In one example, the signal generated by temperature sensor 410 Need filtering type less or need not be commonly required when obtaining the temperature reading of exhaust from internal combustion engine.

It due to window portion is limited due to the timing of cylinder and air bleeding valve, so when engine 402 is not with When same rate is run, the range of window changes.In one embodiment, when engine 402 is operated such that the model of window When enclosing the response time less than temperature sensor 410, such as when engine 402 is transported with the high RPM of such as 10,000RPM or higher When row, engine controller 412 is further configured to determine the temperature of the exhaust in exhaust manifold 408 during multiple cycles Degree so that the combination window of multiple cycles is greater than or equal to the response time of temperature sensor 410.Temperature sensor 410 also may be used To be arranged relative to exhaust manifold 408, so as to the potential range of maximized window.

Engine controller 412 is configured to selectively operate engine 402 under first state and the second state.Institute The normal operation that first state corresponds to engine 402 is stated, when operating engine 402 in the first state, engine control Device 412 be configured to be based on open-loop fuel qualitative directives Value Operations fuel injector 404, with during each cycle of engine to A certain amount of fuel of engine spray.The instruction of open-loop fuel qualitative directives value is started during normal engine cycle Fuel quantity in machine.Command value is " open loop " command value, therefore, when runtime system 400 is not in the first state for engine 402 It include any active control to command value.However, if the air/fuel mixture for engine 402 is close undesirable Ratio, then the characteristic of operation and the exhaust of engine 402 may become negatively affected.As described above, even if air/fuel is mixed Closing the small fluctuation of the λ of object can also have a negative impact to performance and other factors.Therefore, engine controller 412 is configured At engine 402 is selectively operated in the second condition, to adjust the λ value of air/fuel mixture.

When operating engine 402 in the second condition, engine controller 412 is configured to during cycle of engine The fuel quantity sprayed by fuel injector is disturbed, operation engine 402 period air/fuel is mixed in the first state to determine Close the characteristic of object.For example, by spraying the fuel of additional amount together with a certain amount of indicated by open-loop fuel qualitative directives value Fuel realizes this point.Relative to the amount of the fuel sprayed during normal engine cycle, additional amount is usually smaller so that The ingredient of operation, the exhaust of engine 402 and the ratio of air/fuel mixture will not significantly change.In one example, Additional amount is equal to about the 1% to about 5% of fuel quantity sprayed during normal engine cycle or more specifically about 2.5%.In one example, in air/fuel mixture with 10：In the internal combustion engine of the ratio supply of 1 air and fuel, increase Add about 2.5% fuel that air/fuel ratio is only changed into about 9.76：1.

Even if will produce if the fuel of additional amount when disturbing smaller in exhaust relative in normal engine cycle The detectable temperature difference of the temperature of exhaust.The characteristic of the air/fuel mixture of the temperature difference instruction engine 402.Because should Temperature change is to be driven by being disturbed to the active of fuel quantity, rather than only sense from the temperature change for being recycled to cycle, institute The temperature that there is higher signal-to-noise ratio than traditional control system based on Cycle by Cycle temperature change is provided with the configuration to survey Amount.

When mixture is poor and when having excessive oxygen to enter engine 402, the fuel of additional amount is burned, and And the temperature of the exhaust by exhaust manifold is detectably increased.On the contrary, when mixture is stoichiometric(al) or is rich, Whole oxygen into engine 402 are all consumed, and additional fuel keeps at least partly unburned, and the temperature of exhaust keeps big It causes identical or declines relatively small amount.

Fig. 9 shows an example for the method 500 by operating internal combustion engine according to the engine controller of the disclosure Property flow chart.The method starts at 502, and at 504, and engine controller operates engine in the first state, The wherein fuel injector of engine controller operation engine, to refer to such as open-loop fuel quality during each cycle of engine Enable indicated by value will be in a certain amount of fuel injection to engine.At 506, engine controller starts in the second condition Engine is operated, at 508, temperature sensor generates the exhaust manifold that engine is passed through in instruction during the first cycle of engine Exhaust temperature signal, in first cycle of engine, by a certain amount of indicated by open-loop fuel qualitative directives value Fuel be injected into engine.At 510, engine controller operates fuel injector, in the second cycle of engine It is middle by by the fuel injection to engine of a certain amount of fuel and additional amount indicated by open-loop fuel qualitative directives value, At 512, temperature sensor generates the signal for the temperature that instruction is vented during the second cycle of engine.At 514, engine control Device processed compares at least the first temperature and second temperature, and at 516, engine controller determines the sky of engine based on the comparison Gas/fuel mixture is poor or rich.Specifically, when second temperature is more than the first temperature, engine controller determines Air/fuel mixture is poor and the method proceeds to 518, when the first temperature is more than second temperature, engine control Device processed determines that air/fuel mixture is that rich and the method proceeds to 520.

Respectively at 518 and 520, engine controller adjusts open-loop fuel qualitative directives value, to change when first The λ value of the fuel quantity that is ejected into engine and the air/fuel mixture that adjusts engine when being operated under state.In this reality It applies in example, the adjustment is configured to air/fuel mixture being adjusted to stoichiometric(al).Therefore, when the engine control at 516 When device processed determines that air/fuel mixture is poor, at 518, engine controller increases open-loop fuel qualitative directives value, So that fuel quantity to be sprayed during normal engine cycle increases.On the contrary, when at 516 engine controller determine it is mixed When conjunction object is rich, at 520, engine controller reduces command value so as to be sprayed during normal engine cycle Fuel quantity is reduced.However, in other embodiments, engine controller may be configured to adjust air/fuel mixture To be poor or rich, rather than it is adjusted to stoichiometric(al).

After 518 or 520, the method then proceedes to 522, and wherein engine controller uses adjusted open loop Fuel mass command value back to engine is operated in the first state, and at 524, the method terminates.In one embodiment In, the method is iterated so that engine controller is configured to for each successive cycle of engine in the first shape It operates under state and replaces between engine and operation engine in the second condition.Even if such change means in successive cycle The amount of the fuel of period injection at least fluctuates the additional amount from cycle is recycled to, but as described above, additional amount relative to The amount of fuel is small, therefore, engine is not significantly affected by from the variation for being recycled to cycle caused by additional fuel The ingredient of operation or exhaust.

In another embodiment, engine can be shorter than temperature sensor with the window provided by single cycle of engine Response time rate operation.Method and step 508 can be repeated at least once more in multiple the first successive cycle of engine, So that the window provided by multiple first cycle of engine is grown at least as the response time of temperature sensor, by engine control The first temperature that device processed compares at 514 can be the signal generated in multiple first cycle of engine based on temperature sensor Time average.Similarly, method and step 510 and 512 can repeat in multiple the second successive cycle of engine, by sending out The second temperature that motivation controller compares at 514 can be generated in multiple second cycle of engine based on temperature sensor Signal time average.

In a further embodiment, engine controller is configured to execution the method and will with periodic intervals The operation of engine is switched to the second state from first state.For example, engine controller may be configured to every 5,10 or 100 A cycle of engine executes an above method or per second, every 30 seconds or above method of execution per minute.Engine control Device processed can also be configured in response to command signal to execute the method.Start for example, another sensor can determine The operation characteristic of machine or the ingredient properties of exhaust are undesirable, and generate the letter for making engine controller execute the method Number.In another embodiment, engine controller is configured to spray mapping according to scheduled open loop or in response to starting Machine it is online tuning and execute the method in different times.Engine controller can also be configured to execute this method with In diagnostic purpose, fault detect or other purposes.

As described above, the fuel quantity sprayed in normal engine cycle can be disturbed by single additional amount, to The temperature difference of the characteristic of the air/fuel mixture of instruction engine is generated, and it may be beneficial that being come with other amount further Disturb the amount, to generate the further temperature difference, the further thermal junction, which closes, to be stated the temperature difference and further indicate to start The characteristic of the air/fuel mixture of machine.Figure 10 is shown according to the disclosure for operating internal combustion engine by engine controller Method 600 another exemplary process diagram, wherein identical element is indicated by the like numerals, but different from method 500, Method 600 includes the further disturbance of the amount of the fuel sprayed during normal engine cycle.In the method 600, Engine controller operates engine with following modes：(i) it is similar to and is followed above with respect to the second engine that method 500 is discussed The cycle of ring is followed by (ii) similar to the cycle of the first cycle of engine of method 500, is followed by (iii) as discussed below Additional third cycle of engine.Therefore, it is intended to refer to using index " first ", " second " and " third " in method 600 The type of cycle, rather than sort.

The method starts at 502, and at 602, and engine controller operates fuel injector in the second hair It will be by the fuel injection of a certain amount of fuel and additional amount indicated by open-loop fuel qualitative directives value to hair in motivation cycle In motivation.At 604, temperature sensor generates instruction during the second cycle of engine by the row of the exhaust manifold of engine The signal of the temperature of gas.At 606, engine controller operates fuel injector with only will be by opening in the first cycle of engine In a certain amount of fuel injection to engine indicated by ring fuel mass command value, at 608, temperature sensor generates instruction The signal for the temperature being vented during the first cycle of engine.At 610, engine controller operates fuel injector with the It will be by the fuel injection of a certain amount of fuel and other amount indicated by open-loop fuel qualitative directives value in trimotor cycle Into engine.At 612, temperature sensor generates the exhaust manifold that engine is passed through in instruction during third cycle of engine Exhaust temperature signal.Other fuel quantity is more than additional fuel quantity.At 614, engine controller compares first Temperature, second temperature and third temperature.At 616, engine controller adjusts open-loop fuel quality and refers to based on the comparison Value is enabled, and at 618, the method terminates.

Compare third temperature and the first and second temperature further indicate engine air/fuel mixture spy Property.The other amount is also used as the additional adjusting control of the air/fuel mixture of engine.Figure 11 show through The analog result of the engine of the first, second, and third cycle of engine method 600 control as shown in Figure 10.It is such as following into one As step detailed description, in the configuration, open-loop fuel qualitative directives value is adjusted to slightly poor so that when engine follows When ring is recycled by first, second, and third, time of the air/fuel mixture for engine λ value that is averaged is approximately equal to 1。

In fig. 11, trunnion axis indicates the index of successive cycle of engine, wherein cycle 2 is after cycle 1, etc.. In drawing 702, vertical axis indicates the normalization fuel mass being ejected into engine.In drawing 704, vertical axis expression is started The λ value of the air/fuel mixture of machine.In drawing 706, vertical axis indicates returning for the exhaust of the exhaust manifold by engine One changes temperature.Cycle 2,5 and 8 is first circulation, i.e. the normal circulation operation of engine, and in drawing 702 and 706, number The value at strong point has been normalized such that the value of cycle 2,5 and 8 is equal to 1.

Cycle 1,4 and 7 is the second cycle of engine, wherein the fuel quantity being ejected into engine relative to normal circulation 2, 5 and 8 increase additional amount, for example, increasing about 2.5% shown in 702 as drawn.Cycle 3,6 and 9 is that third engine follows Ring, wherein the fuel due to increasing other amount, fuel quantity increase about 5% relative to normal circulation.

As drawn shown in 704, engine oil-poor operation in normal circulation 2,5 and 8 shows as λ value and is more than 1.It is recycling 1, λ value is reduced to 1 by the additional fuel quantity in 4 and 7, the other amount in cycle 3,6 and 9 further by λ value be reduced to 1 with Under.Therefore, when the λ value of the second cycle of engine is centered on λ value 1, the time is averaged λ value around 1 oscillation.By adjusting open loop Fuel mass command value can make the air/fuel of engine so that the λ value of the second cycle of engine 1,4 and 7 is about 1 The time average proportions of mixture are maintained at basic stoichiometric(al).

In the present embodiment, by adjusting open-loop fuel qualitative directives value to adjust the fuel during normal circulation 2,5 and 8 Measure the control of the λ value to realize the second cycle of engine so that the temperature between second circulation 1,4 or 7 and first circulation 2,5 or 8 Difference is equal to predetermined value.Amount, the fortune of engine of the predetermined value of the temperature difference based on the fuel in for example additional and other fuel quantity Row situation (such as RPM, load) and other factors.

In the present embodiment, it is about 0.02 to make a reservation for the normalization temperature difference, i.e., 2% difference.Temperature in Figure 10 at 614 Between comparison include more normalized second temperature and normalized first temperature.When the normalization temperature difference is more than predetermined value When, normal air/fuel mixture is excessively poor, and the adjustment at 616 includes increasing open-loop fuel qualitative directives value.Work as normalization When the temperature difference is less than predefined value, normal air/fuel mixture is excessively rich, and the adjustment at 616 includes reducing open-loop fuel matter Measure command value.

If the second engine that engine controller is only approximately equal to 1 in the first cycle of engine of the λ more than 1 with λ follows Between ring alternately, then the time of the air/fuel mixture of the engine λ value that is averaged will be greater than 1.By in alternating additionally Including third cycle of engine, wherein third cycle of engine has rich air/fuel mixtures of the λ less than 1, first circulation High λ value be balanced, and the time of engine is averaged λ value close to 1.The other combustion added during third recycles 3,6 and 9 The amount of fuel in doses can be adjusted to balance in normal circulation 2,5 and 8 by poor air/fuel mixture generation High λ value operates to make engine adjust to stoichiometric(al).

Since there may be may be to the severe ring of the hurtful risk of temperature sensor for the exhaust that is discharged by internal combustion engine Border, therefore the use of non-contact temperature sensor may be beneficial.Compared with thermocouple, non-contact temperature sensor is not required to The contact between sensor and measured point is wanted, and at least some isolation or other protections can be provided for sensor, is made Sensor exempts to be influenced by the adverse circumstances.

Non-contact temperature sensor usually utilizes infrared sensor, the infrared sensor sensing instruction it is expected measurement point Temperature infrared (" IR "：Infrared it) radiates.According to Planck's law of radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien Displacement law, object electromagnetic radiation energy under any non-zero temperature, the electromagnetic energy can be referred to as electromagnetic wave or photon.Dimension The displacement law of grace points out that the maximum wavelength of object radiation (λ max) and the temperature of object are inversely proportional, approximate such as following equation：

For many objects at most of non-extreme temperature, the electromagnetic radiation largely emitted is located at infrared region It is interior, therefore infra-red radiation is useful for the temperature for sensing many different objects.As described above, embodiment shown in Fig. 2 In, due to its temperature and naturally emitting infrared radiation of probe unit 202, sensor unit 204 includes infrared sensor, described Infrared sensor is configured to detect the infra-red radiation in the particular detection angle relative to sensor.

Two kinds of electromagnetic radiation detectors that IR radiation can be detected are " photon detector " and " thermal detector ".It is most of to pass The non-contact temperature sensor of system includes the electric charge carrier that is come in excitation material by using the energy of the photon to visit Survey the photon detector of incident photon.Then, the excitation of electron detection material.Thermal detector also detects photon.However, hot-probing Device improves the temperature of component using the energy of the photon.Pass through the variation of measuring temperature, it may be determined that generate temperature change Photon intensity.

In thermal detector, the temperature change caused by incident photon can with temperature in use related resistors (thermistor), Pyroelectric effect, pyroelectric effect, gas expansion and other methods measure.The detection of thermal detector, especially long-wavelength infrared One advantage is, different from photon detector, and it is acceptable to realize in numerous applications that thermal detector does not need sub-cooled Performance level.However, usual contactless IR sensors are typically too big, too expensive or in engine control system The response time that middle optimization uses is too slow.

In one embodiment, sensor unit 204 is MEMS bolometers." although bolometer " this word Etymology covers any device for measuring radiation, but bolometer is generally understood as thermal detector, the hot-probing Device detects the spoke in long-wavelength infrared window (8 μm -12 μm) or medium wavelength infrared window (3 μm -5 μm) by thermistor It penetrates.Because bolometer must absorb incidence electromagnetic radiation to cause temperature change first, absorbed in bolometer The efficiency of body is related with the sensitivity of bolometer and accuracy.Ideally, close to 100% incidence electromagnetic radiation Absorption is desired.Theoretically, for the electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 4d, there is the sheet resistance of the characteristic impedance equal to free space (unit is ohm-sq), the dielectric for being placed on optical thickness d or metal film on vacuum gap will be with 100% Absorption coefficient.Following equation shows the expression formula of the characteristic impedance (Y) of free space：

Wherein, ε₀It is permittivity of vacuum, μ₀It is space permeability.

The numerical value of the characteristic impedance of free space is close to 377 ohm.The optical length in gap is defined as " nd ", and wherein n is The refractive index of dielectric, air or vacuum.

In the past, due to the sensitivity of MEMS device, spatial resolution and temporal resolution and lower power requirement, MEMS (MEMS：Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) have proved to be effective solution in various applications Certainly scheme.It is exactly bolometer to be applied as one.Known bolometer, which uses, is used as absorber and mechanical support Backing material.In general, backing material is silicon nitride.Thermosensitive film is formed on the absorbent body for use as thermistor.With attached The absorbent structure of thermistor be anchored on substrate by the suspension supporting leg with high thermal resistance so that incidence electromagnetic radiation exists Big Wen Sheng is generated on sensor.

The temperature change of the absorber of bolometer corresponds to the heat of absorber caused by absorbing incident radiation The resistance variations of quick resistance material.The output voltage generated by applying probe current on the absorbent body by measuring, determines and absorbs The variation of resistance in body.Using the correspondence between the resistance variations and temperature change of absorber, the resistance of absorber is utilized Change to infer incident radiation corresponding with the temperature of measurement it is expected.

Because device 200 shown in Fig. 2 is effectively close by sensor unit 204 and the adverse circumstances of exhaust manifold 206 Packing is left, so the bolometer of any acceptable type can be used in sensor unit 204.Fast response time is presented MEMS bolometers manufacture relatively easy and its size being easily positioned in device 200 can be optimized to Device 200 is used together.

The configuration of above-mentioned control system makes it possible to accurately Cycle by Cycle control into the air/fuel mixture of engine λ value.In another embodiment, the Cycle by Cycle temperature measurement of exhaust can also accurately control (the figure of exhaust gas post-treatment device 414 8) modulation can be also used for engine diagnostic, engine fire detection and other purposes.

In one embodiment, it is integrated into cart according to the engine control system of the disclosure and method.Two The discharge standard of wheeled vehicle usually more be restrictive than other types of vehicle, partially due to the engine for this vehicle Type.Made it possible with the operation for reducing the cart discharged according to the control system of the disclosure and method, and It also eliminates to costliness and is difficult to the demand of exhaust gas oxygensensor safeguarded.

Although the foregoing describe multiple embodiments of the temperature for sensing the exhaust being discharged from engine, but it should understanding It arrives, above-mentioned temperature-sensing device can be used for being related to may be damaged traditional sensor or need the time cycle in millisecond magnitude The severe or extreme environment of interior measuring environment temperature is widely applied.For example, temperature-sensing device disclosed herein can be with For power plant, winery, chemical plant, oil well and other industry and machine applications.

According in another of disclosure exemplary embodiment, temperature-sensing device includes shell, and the shell has First end part and the second end part opposite with the first end part.First end part and the second end part Define the inside of shell.Shell is configured to：It is arranged to that first end part is made to be located in environment to be measured and makes second End sections are located at environmental externality.Probe unit is attached to first end part and is configured to when first end part is located at Environment is exposed to when in environment so that the temperature of probe unit corresponds to the temperature of environment.Sensor unit is attached to second end Portion part and by the positioned internal the sensor unit between probe unit in a manner of be spaced apart with probe unit, To which sensor unit is configured to be positioned in the outside of environment when first end part is located in environment.Sensor unit It is further configured to the temperature of sensing probe unit and generates the electric signal for the temperature of instruction probe unit sensed.Have Sharp ground, at least one of the inside of shell and the region other than environment and environment seal isolation are opened.

Probe unit is configured to the transmitting radiation of the temperature based on probe unit, and the surface of the inside of shell can be by It is configured at least part of the radiation emitted by probe unit being reflected towards sensor unit.In some embodiments, probe Unit includes the metal film for having high heat conductance so that the temperature of probe unit is with the temperature of the response tracking environment of millisecond magnitude Degree.In some embodiments, probe unit includes carbon preconditioner.

Shell may include metal or any other acceptable material.Shell can have substantially tubular shape shape or Any other acceptable shape.

For example, environment can be the fluid for flowing through pipe, thus first end part is configured for insertion into pipe.

Sensor unit is installed to the side towards enclosure interior of the second end part.Sensor unit includes at least one A sensor, at least one sensor are installed to second via the spacer in the cavity for the second end for being located in shell The side towards inside of end.Spacer may be configured at least one sensor and environment at least partly Temperature isolation.Sensor unit may include infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor is configured to sensing and is sent out by probe unit The infra-red radiation penetrated, the electric signal thus generated by sensor unit are generated with reference to the infra-red radiation sensed.At some In embodiment, sensor unit is configured to connect with processor via electrical connector, the processor be configured to reference to by The electric signal that sensor unit generates determines the temperature of the environment sensed.

Advantageously, temperature-sensing device has the time constant of millisecond magnitude.

According in another of disclosure exemplary embodiment, for being generated by engine with being configured to be discharged The temperature measurement system of the engine of the exhaust pipe of gas includes temperature-sensing device, processor and engine controller.Temperature Sensing device further includes shell, probe unit and sensor unit.Shell has the detection end for being at least partially inserted into exhaust pipe With the sensor end outside exhaust pipe, detects end and sensor end limits inside.Probe unit closes shell Detect end so that probe unit is exposed to the exhaust for flowing through exhaust pipe, and is configured to the temperature with tracking delivery temperature Degree.Sensor unit is mounted on the side towards inside of the sensor end of shell, and is configured to sensing probe list The electric signal of the temperature for the probe unit that the temperature of member and generation instruction sense.Processor be electrically connected to sensor unit and It is configured to determine the temperature of the exhaust sensed with reference to electric signal.Engine controller is operably connected to processor and hair Motivation, and be configured to control engine with reference to the delivery temperature sensed on the basis of Cycle by Cycle.

Include by the first end of the shell of temperature-sensing device according to the sensing temperature of the disclosure illustrative methods Portion part is introduced into environment to be measured, and the first end part has the probe list of the end sections of closing shell Member.The second end part of shell is located in the region other than environment, the second end part and the first end portion Split-phase is anti-and with the sensor unit being mounted on the side towards probe unit.Probe unit is exposed to the temperature of environment Degree so that the temperature of probe unit corresponds to the temperature of environment.The temperature of sensing unit sensing probe unit, and with reference to sensing The temperature of the probe unit arrived generates electric signal, and the electric signal corresponds to the temperature of the environment sensed.

The temperature that probe unit is exposed to environment makes probe unit emitting infrared radiation.Sensor unit includes infrared Sensor, the infrared sensor is configured to sense the infra-red radiation emitted by probe unit, with the temperature of sensing probe unit Degree.

The method can also include that the environment temperature sensed is determined via processor with reference to electric signal.

Probe unit may be configured so that the variation of environment temperature causes probe within the time cycle of millisecond magnitude The variation of temperature.The determination of the temperature of the environment sensed can repeat at least one subsequent time cycle, to collect ring The Cycle by Cycle data of the temperature in border.Cycle by Cycle data are referred to control engine.

It should be understood that the variant of above and other feature and function or alternative solution is combined to many with being expected to In other different systems, application or method.Those skilled in the art can then make it is various at present do not predict or Unexpected alternative solution, modification, variation or improvement, be also intended to include by the disclosure.

Claims

1. a kind of control system for internal combustion engine, including：

Temperature sensor is configured to：Generate the signal of the temperature of exhaust of the instruction by the exhaust manifold of engine；With

Engine controller is configured to：In the first state engine is selectively operated under the second state：

Wherein, in the first state, engine controller is configured to：Fuel injector of the operation for engine, will be right It should be in a certain amount of fuel injection to engine of open-loop fuel qualitative directives value；And

Wherein, in the second condition, engine controller is configured to：

Based on will given birth to by temperature sensor during the first cycle of engine in a certain amount of fuel injection to engine At signal determine the first temperature of exhaust；

Operate fuel injector, with during the second cycle of engine by a certain amount of fuel together with the fuel of additional amount It is ejected into engine；

The second temperature of exhaust is determined based on the signal generated by temperature sensor during the second cycle of engine；

Compare at least the first temperature and second temperature；And

Adjust open-loop fuel qualitative directives value based on the comparison.

2. control system according to claim 1, wherein adjusting open-loop fuel qualitative directives value includes：It increases or decreases Open-loop fuel qualitative directives value will be adjusted to be injected into the amount of the fuel in engine to ideal when operating in the first state Proportioning.

3. control system according to claim 1, wherein adjusting open-loop fuel qualitative directives value includes：

When the relatively instruction second temperature is more than the first temperature, determine that the air/fuel mixture of exhaust is poor and increases Increase ring fuel mass command value；And

When the first temperature of the relatively instruction is more than second temperature, determine that the air/fuel mixture of exhaust is rich and subtracts Few open-loop fuel qualitative directives value.

4. control system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is the time constant for having millisecond magnitude Noncontacting proximity sensor.

5. control system according to claim 4, wherein the temperature sensor includes bolometer.

6. control system according to claim 5, wherein the temperature sensor includes：

Shell has：

First end part；With

The second end part opposite with first end part, first end part and the second end part limit the interior of shell Portion；

First end part is configured for insertion into exhaust manifold, and the second end part is located at the outside of exhaust manifold；And

Probe unit is attached to first end part and is configured to when first end is inserted partially into exhaust manifold It is exposed to exhaust so that the temperature of probe unit corresponds to the temperature of exhaust, and probe unit is configured to based on probe unit Temperature emits radiation into the inside of shell；

Wherein, bolometer is positioned in the second end part of shell, and is spaced apart with probe unit；

Bolometer is configured to：

Sense the radiation emitted by probe unit；And

The signal of the temperature of instruction exhaust is generated based on the radiation emitted by probe unit sensed.

7. control system according to claim 1, wherein the engine controller is configured to：For each successive Cycle of engine, in the first state operate engine and in the second condition operate engine between replace.

8. control system according to claim 1, wherein the engine controller is configured to：It is followed for multiple Ring replaces between operating engine in the first state and operating engine in the second condition for multiple cycles.

9. control system according to claim 8, wherein the multiple cycle that operates in the first state and second The multiple cycle operated under state respectively includes multiple cycles, so that engine is in each of first and second states Operation under state is all longer than the response time of temperature sensor.

10. control system according to claim 1, wherein：

When operating engine in the second condition, engine controller is further configured to：

Operate fuel injector, with during third cycle of engine by a certain amount of fuel together with the fuel of other amount It sprays together, the other amount is more than the additional amount；And

The third temperature of exhaust is determined based on the signal generated by temperature sensor during third cycle of engine；And

The comparison includes comparing the first temperature, second temperature and third temperature.

11. control system according to claim 1, wherein the engine controller is further configured to：Based on correspondingly The time average of the first temperature and second temperature adjusts open-loop fuel quality on multiple first and second cycle of engine Command value.

12. control system according to claim 1, wherein the engine controller is configured to：With

(i) periodic intervals；

(ii) in response to command signal；

(iii) in response to the signal of instruction engine condition；With

(iv) according to predetermined order

At least one of operate engine in the second condition.

13. control system according to claim 1, wherein：

The temperature sensor includes multiple temperature sensor units, and each temperature sensor unit is configured to sensing engine In corresponding cylinder or cylinder group delivery temperature；

Open-loop fuel qualitative directives value includes the corresponding command value for each cylinder or cylinder group；

Engine controller is configured to：With reference to corresponding temperature sensing unit and command value selectively in first state and The each cylinder or cylinder group in engine are operated under two-state.

14. a kind of method of operation internal combustion engine, including：

Temperature sensor is configured, to generate the signal of the temperature of exhaust of the instruction by the exhaust manifold of engine；

Operate engine fuel injector, with during the first cycle of engine by a certain amount of fuel injection to engine In, the amount is based on open-loop fuel qualitative directives value；

The first temperature of exhaust is determined based on the signal generated by temperature sensor during the first cycle of engine；

Fuel injector is operated during the second cycle of engine, a certain amount of fuel and the fuel of additional amount are sprayed It is mapped in engine；

Compare at least the first temperature and second temperature；And

Adjust open-loop fuel qualitative directives value based on the comparison.

15. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the method further includes：

After adjusting open-loop fuel qualitative directives value, fuel injector is operated, will be adjusted during third cycle of engine In the fuel injection to engine for the amount crossed, the amount adjusted is based on the open-loop fuel qualitative directives value adjusted.

16. according to the method for claim 14, wherein it includes increasing or decreasing open loop to adjust open-loop fuel qualitative directives value Fuel mass command value will be adjusted to be injected into the amount of the fuel in engine to stoichiometric(al).

17. according to the method for claim 14, wherein adjusting open-loop fuel qualitative directives value includes：

18. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the method further includes：

Fuel injector is operated, to spray a certain amount of fuel and the fuel of other amount during third cycle of engine It is mapped in engine, wherein the fuel of the other amount is more than the fuel of the additional amount；And

The third temperature of exhaust is determined based on the signal generated by temperature sensor during third cycle of engine, wherein The comparison includes comparing the first temperature, second temperature and third temperature.

19. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the method further includes：

Engine is operated, alternately to execute at least one first cycle of engine and at least one second cycle of engine, In：

Each cycle of engine spray and determine accordingly；And

Before each alternating from least one second cycle of engine at least one first cycle of engine Carry out the comparison and the adjusting.

20. according to the method for claim 14, wherein the comparison and it is described adjusting during the second cycle of engine or It is carried out before the first successive cycle of engine.