CN108366410B - Synchronization method for LTE small station-oriented dense networking - Google Patents

Synchronization method for LTE small station-oriented dense networking Download PDF

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CN108366410B
CN108366410B CN201810062360.2A CN201810062360A CN108366410B CN 108366410 B CN108366410 B CN 108366410B CN 201810062360 A CN201810062360 A CN 201810062360A CN 108366410 B CN108366410 B CN 108366410B
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CN108366410A (en
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刘旭
黄志�
朱雯慧
姜杰
朱晓荣
杨龙祥
朱洪波
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Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/46—Cluster building
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H04W40/16—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality based on interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a synchronization method facing LTE small station intensive networking, which comprises the steps of firstly, layering according to the minimum hop number between a time information source of a base station and a GPS time information source, clustering the base station by taking the maximum inter-base station clustering index value as a target, and selecting a final clustering result by taking the minimum cluster correlation index value as a standard on the premise of meeting the cluster scale; then, expanding downwards by a clustering center, and determining a path of a base station to be synchronized to monitor a reference base station according to the maximum SINR among the base stations until all the base stations have the determined optimal synchronous monitoring path; and finally, the LTE small station monitors the synchronous reference signal according to the synchronous path planning result, analyzes the synchronous signal to obtain synchronous information, and adjusts the clock of the LTE small station according to the synchronous information to realize synchronization. The invention can reduce the synchronous signal interference between base stations, ensure the quality of synchronous signals, select the best synchronous source, ensure the optimal synchronous precision and reduce the difficulty of synchronous operation.

Description

Synchronization method for LTE small station-oriented dense networking
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 5G ultra-dense networking, in particular to a synchronization method for LTE small-station dense networking.
Background
Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs) meet the requirements for high traffic, high density wireless terminal access by deploying large numbers of wireless devices. If the small base stations in each area are not synchronized, the influence of interference is aggravated, and the strong interference can seriously influence the call quality and the network rate.
In a conventional cellular network, there are mainly three techniques for base station synchronization: GPS synchronization, PTP synchronization and air interface interception synchronization. However, in the UDN scenario, GPS synchronization requires that antenna equipment for receiving GPS signals be installed for an LTE small station, so that equipment cost is increased, satellite signals are received poorly indoors, and operation difficulty is raised. PTP synchronization requires a combination of software (supporting 1588 protocol) and hardware, and requires a symmetric link. The air interface interception synchronization can not be performed by adopting the method in some areas without macro stations, then the high-density LTE small stations can bring strong interference, when the synchronization is performed by adopting the air interface interception mode, useful signals can be lost by interference signals between base stations, and errors can occur or even the condition that the signals can not be intercepted occurs when the signals are intercepted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a synchronization method facing the dense networking of the LTE small stations, which can reduce the interference of synchronization signals between base stations, ensure the quality of the synchronization signals, select the best synchronization source, ensure the optimal synchronization precision and reduce the difficulty of synchronization operation.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a synchronization method facing LTE small station dense networking comprises the following steps:
step 1), base station clustering process: in the synchronization process of an ultra-dense networking LTE small station, layering is carried out according to the minimum hop number between a time information source of a base station and a GPS time information source, clustering is carried out on the base station according to the maximum target of inter-base station clustering index values, different clustering results are obtained according to all possible clustering numbers, and a final clustering result is selected by taking the minimum cluster correlation index as a standard on the premise of meeting the cluster scale;
step 2), synchronous path planning process: after clustering is finished, a clustering center is used for downward expansion, and a path of a base station to be synchronized for intercepting a reference base station is determined according to the maximum interference noise ratio among the base stations until all the base stations have the determined interception path;
step 3), synchronous information acquisition process: and the LTE small station to be synchronized monitors the synchronous reference signal according to the synchronous path planning result, analyzes the synchronous signal to obtain synchronous information, and adjusts the clock of the LTE small station to be synchronized according to the synchronous information to realize synchronization.
The inter-base station clustering index value is determined by the signal-to-interference noise ratio between the base stations and the synchronization level, wherein the synchronization level is the minimum hop number between the time information source of the base station and the GPS time information source; the cluster correlation index is based on an inter-cluster SINR sum.
As a further optimization scheme of the synchronization method facing the LTE small station dense networking, the step 1) comprises the following detailed steps:
step 1.1), selecting the number of clustering centers;
step 1.2), calculating a clustering index matrix according to the selected number of clustering centers, and clustering the base station according to the clustering index matrix;
step 1.3), storing the clustering result and calculating a cluster correlation index value;
step 1.4), updating the number of clustering centers, judging whether possible clustering results are obtained, if so, executing the step 1.5), otherwise, skipping to execute the step 1.2);
step 1.5), selecting a final clustering result by taking the minimum correlation index value of the clusters as a standard on the premise of meeting the cluster scale;
step 1.6), finishing the clustering process;
as a further optimization scheme of the synchronization method for the LTE small station dense networking, the step 1.2) comprises the following detailed steps:
step 1.2.1), layering is carried out according to the minimum hop count between the time information source of the base station and the GPS time information source, the minimum hop count between the time information source of the base station and the GPS time information source is m, the base station is divided into m sets, and m is a natural number greater than 0;
step 1.2.2), m matrixes are obtained according to the clustering index, and rows and columns of the matrixes respectively represent base stations with levels of i-1 and i; finding out the maximum element of each row of the matrix, and recording the corresponding matrix coordinate;
step 1.2.3), merging the base stations corresponding to the matrix coordinates into the same cluster.
As a further optimization scheme of the synchronization method facing the LTE small station dense networking, in the step 2), a cluster is abstracted into a completely undirected graph, the base station is used as a point in the graph, and the weight between the two points is determined by the synchronization level and the SINR; and taking the reference base station as a root node, selecting an optimal path according to the maximum weight value to generate a tree until the traversal of the graph is completed, and completing the planning of synchronous paths of all the base stations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
1) the synchronous hop count and the SINR between the base stations are comprehensively considered, the base stations logically disperse the high-density base stations through clustering and layering, and the difficulty of synchronous operation can be reduced. Through clustering index design and cluster correlation index design, the quality of receiving synchronous signals by the base station is improved, and therefore the islanding base station which cannot be synchronized is eliminated.
2) The design of the weight of the synchronous path and the layering mechanism of the base station in the cluster simultaneously consider the SINR and the synchronous hop count, thereby ensuring the quality of the synchronous signal and simultaneously meeting the requirement of the synchronous precision.
3) After the clustering process of the base station, the interference of the base station is mainly divided into intra-cluster interference and inter-cluster interference. And selecting a final clustering result of the base station based on the criterion of minimum correlation index value of the clusters on the premise of meeting the cluster scale, so that the inter-cluster interference can be reduced to the maximum extent. The synchronous path planning process is mainly designed for intra-cluster interference. The intra-cluster layering divides intra-cluster interference into inter-layer interference and hierarchical interference, and by the planning process of the synchronous path, the reference base station and the interception path are selected to reduce the inter-layer interference and solve the problem of synchronous signal interception caused by the hierarchical interference.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an application scene diagram of a synchronization method for LTE small-station dense networking according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a synchronization method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of intra-cluster and inter-cluster index metrics for the synchronization method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a clustering flow chart of the synchronization method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an intra-cluster synchronization path planning for the synchronization method of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for planning a synchronization path in a cluster according to the synchronization method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the attached drawings:
the invention designs a synchronization method of the small base station by considering the problems of incapability of intercepting macro station signals, strong interference and synchronous hop count of the small base station, solves the synchronization problem of the small base station in an ultra-dense network scene and reduces the interference in the synchronization process.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an application scenario of a synchronization method for LTE small-site dense networking. The small cell shown in fig. 1 is a small cell under the coverage of the macro cell, T in the figureiRepresenting the synchronization hierarchy of the base station. The synchronization hierarchy is defined as the minimum number of hops between the time information source of the cell and the GPS time information source. In the scene, the macro station only provides a common reference time source and does not participate in the synchronization process, and the synchronization level of the macro station is T0. In FIG. 1, the synchronization hierarchy is mainly surrounded by T1Cluster the small base stations. And clustering centralized management is carried out, and base stations with high similarity are combined together, so that the operation difficulty can be reduced.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the synchronization method of the present invention, and the specific flow is as follows:
s101: base station clustering process: in the synchronization process of the ultra-dense networking LTE small station, layering is carried out according to the minimum hop number between the time information source of the base station and the GPS time information source, clustering is carried out on the base station according to the maximum target of the inter-base station clustering index value, different clustering results are obtained according to all possible clustering numbers, and the final clustering result is selected by taking the minimum cluster correlation index as the standard on the premise of meeting the cluster scale.
S102: and (3) synchronous path planning process: after clustering is completed, a clustering center (reference base station) is used for downward expansion, and a path of a base station to be synchronized for intercepting the reference base station is determined according to the maximum SINR among the base stations until all the base stations have the determined interception path.
S103: a synchronous information acquisition process: and the LTE small station to be synchronized monitors the synchronous reference signal according to the synchronous path planning result, analyzes the synchronous signal to obtain synchronous information, and adjusts the clock of the LTE small station to be synchronized according to the synchronous information to realize synchronization.
Fig. 3 is a graph of intra-cluster and inter-cluster similarity measures of the synchronization method of the present invention, and fig. 3 mainly proposes a method for designing a clustering index and a cluster correlation index.
The correlation between base stations is represented by a clustering index, and the clustering index is designed according to the SINR and the synchronization level. When the clustering index is designed, the synchronization precision grade of the base station is assumed to be known, the total number of the base stations in the area is known as N, and the maximum synchronization grade of the base station is assumed to be h. e.g. of the typei,jRepresenting the jth base station within the base station hierarchy i. It can be seen that:
Figure BDA0001555697780000041
base station ei',j'And base station ei'-1,k'The inter-cluster index value may be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001555697780000042
Figure BDA0001555697780000043
represents the power of base station k 'of layer i' -1 as received by base station j 'in layer i'.
Figure BDA0001555697780000044
Represents the sum of the powers of the other base stations of layer i ' -1 received by base station j ' of layer i '.
Figure BDA0001555697780000045
Represents the sum of the powers of the other base stations of layer i ' received by base station j ' of layer i '.
And after the clustering index design is finished, clustering is carried out based on the clustering index. The quality of the clustering result is represented by cluster scale and cluster correlation index, and the cluster correlation index is designed based on the sum of SINRs among clusters.
Assuming N small base stations, X ═ X1,x2,...,xNDivide it into k clusters C1,C2,...,Ck。niThe number of base stations in the ith cluster is shown.
The cluster size determination conditions were as follows:
ni≥2i＝1,2,...,k
Figure BDA0001555697780000046
Ci∩Cj＝Φi,j＝1,2,...,k,i≠j
the cluster correlation index is designed based on the SINR sum among clusters, and the minimum SINR sum among the clusters represents that the interference between two clusters is minimum and the relation between the two clusters is minimum. As follows:
Figure BDA0001555697780000047
Figure BDA0001555697780000048
SINR of p base station of cluster (m) to base station i of cluster (j).
Figure BDA0001555697780000049
SINR values for all base stations in cluster (m) to base station i in cluster (j).
B (l, m): the sum of SINR values for cluster i to cluster n.
Figure BDA0001555697780000051
Figure BDA0001555697780000052
Sum of SINR values for all clusters.
B (k): a relevance index of the cluster.
After the cluster scale judgment condition and the cluster relevance index are well designed, under the condition that the cluster scale is met, the clustering result with the minimum cluster relevance index value is selected. As follows:
Minimize Kopt＝B(k)
Subject to：
ni＞2i＝1,2,...,k
Figure BDA0001555697780000053
Ci∩Ci＝Φi,j＝1,2,...,m,i≠j
fig. 4 is a clustering flow chart of the synchronization method of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
s201: k is expressed as the number of clusters, the maximum level h of the base station. k is initially 2 and max is the base station synchronization level L1L, base stations.
S202: calculating the level L by equation (2)0And level L1Clustering index element matrix H between base stations0,1. As follows:
H0,1＝[α01,α02,...α0i...α0L]
s203: according to a matrix H0,1A reference base station is selected. And selecting the base station with the maximum k element values from the matrix as a reference base station.
S204: and the calculation level is a clustering index element matrix between i-1 and i. Has a total of h layers, LiRepresents a set of base stations per layer, wherein: l1|＝L,|L2|＝I,|L3|＝O,...,|Lh-1|＝P,|LhAnd K. The selected reference base station L is less than or equal to L, and h-1 clustering index matrixes are obtained through a formula (2) and are shown as follows.
Figure BDA0001555697780000054
Figure BDA0001555697780000061
Wherein the element alphaijRepresenting values of clustering parameters between base stations.
S205: the matrix rows (columns) represent base stations at level i-1 (level i). And finding out the maximum element of each row of the matrix, and recording the corresponding matrix coordinate. And merging the base stations corresponding to the matrix coordinates into the same cluster. The base stations represented by the corresponding columns already incorporated in the cluster are no longer involved in the clustering process.
S206: and judging whether the base stations are all in the cluster, if not, returning to the S205 again to ensure that all the base stations are in the cluster, otherwise, indicating that the clustering of the base stations is finished, and continuing to execute the next time.
S207: storing the clustering result, calculating the cluster correlation index, changing the clustering number, and adding 1 to the clustering number k.
S208: it is calculated whether k is greater than L. If the number of clusters is greater than the synchronization level L1Indicates that possible clustering results are obtained, and goes to S209. Otherwise, returning to S203, selecting the reference base station to restart clustering according to the number of clusters.
S209: selecting a final clustering result. And under the condition of meeting the cluster scale, selecting the clustering result with the minimum cluster correlation index value.
Fig. 5 is an intra-cluster synchronization path planning diagram of the synchronization method of the present invention, where a cluster is abstracted as a completely undirected graph G ═ (V, E, W), and vertices of base stations within the cluster are abstracted as V. The weight between two points is denoted by w. w is mainly determined by the synchronization level, SINR. And taking the reference base station as a root node, and selecting an optimal path according to the weight w to generate a tree until the traversal of the graph is completed.
For cluster S:
Figure BDA0001555697780000062
representing the set of i-layer base stations in cluster S. 1,2, kopt。i＝1,2...,h。koptNumber of clusters, set, representing final clustering result
Figure BDA0001555697780000063
The number of base stations is
Figure BDA0001555697780000064
vi,jDenotes a base station number, where i denotes the number of layers and j denotes the base station number at that layer. It can be seen that:
Figure BDA0001555697780000065
ep,q i,jrepresenting the edges of the q base stations of layer p and the j base stations of layer i. w is ap,q i,jThe edge weights of the q base stations representing layer p and the j base stations representing layer i are indicated. Can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001555697780000071
Figure BDA0001555697780000072
base station vi,jReceived v of base stationp,qAnd (4) power.
Figure BDA0001555697780000073
Base station vi,jReceived layer p divided by base station vp,qExcept for the power of all base stations.
Figure BDA0001555697780000074
Base station vi,jReceived layer i divided by base station vi,jExcept for the power of all base stations.
For the divided clusters, the synchronous path planning of each cluster can be performed simultaneously.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for planning a synchronization path in a cluster according to the synchronization method of the present invention. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
S301：Pia collection of synchronization paths is stored. The number of the sets and
Figure BDA0001555697780000075
the number of the base stations is consistent. All base stations are required to be inside the synchronization path. PiInitially as an empty set.
S302: will be provided with
Figure BDA0001555697780000076
Base stations of a layer store P separatelyiLi, PiFor each additional base station in the set, corresponding
Figure BDA0001555697780000077
The set is reduced by one base station.
S303: judgment set
Figure BDA0001555697780000078
Whether it is null or not, and if it is null, it means
Figure BDA0001555697780000079
All base stations in the set are planned into the synchronization path set.
S304: computing layers according to equation (6)
Figure BDA00015556977800000710
And
Figure BDA00015556977800000711
an edge weight matrix between base stations.
S305: and selecting the base station corresponding to the side with the maximum weight value in the matrix. The matrix rows (columns) represent base stations at level l-1 (level l). And finding out the maximum element of each row of the matrix, and recording the corresponding matrix coordinate.
S306: putting the selected base station into the corresponding PiIn the set, the base stations represented by the corresponding columns which are already merged into the set do not participate in the synchronous path planning any more, and the corresponding base stations are selected from the set
Figure BDA00015556977800000712
And (4) removing.
S307: judgment of
Figure BDA00015556977800000713
And if the base station is an empty set, the base station in the layer is already in the synchronous path planning, otherwise, the step S305 is returned to, and the base station corresponding to the largest edge weight value is reselected from the rest base stations.
S308: and adding 1 to the layer number l, and planning the synchronous path of the base station of the next layer.
S309: and judging whether l is equal to the maximum level h, and if so, indicating that all base stations in the cluster finish synchronous path planning. Otherwise, returning to S304, recalculating the edge weight matrix between the base stations of the next layer.
In summary, the following steps: the embodiment of the invention provides a synchronization method for LTE small station intensive networking, and particularly aims at the main problems in the synchronization process in three UDN scenes of strong interference between LTE small stations, high synchronization signal interception difficulty and low synchronization signal quality. The synchronous hop count and the SINR between the base stations are taken as clustering indexes, the base stations are clustered and layered, high-density base stations are dispersed logically, the synchronous operation difficulty is reduced, the synchronous signal interference between the base stations is reduced, the quality of synchronous signals is ensured, the best synchronous source is selected, and the optimal synchronous precision is ensured.
The base station clustering process in the method mainly aims to reduce interference between base stations, and after the base station clustering process, the base station interference is mainly divided into intra-cluster interference and inter-cluster interference. Based on the optimal clustering result selection of the base station with the minimum cluster correlation index, the inter-cluster interference can be reduced to the maximum extent. The synchronous path planning process is mainly designed for intra-cluster interference. The intra-cluster layering divides intra-cluster interference into inter-layer interference and hierarchical interference, and the problem of synchronous signal interception caused by the inter-layer interference and the hierarchical interference can be solved by selecting a reference base station and an interception path through the planning process of a synchronous path.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A synchronization method facing LTE small station dense networking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), base station clustering process: in the synchronization process of an ultra-dense networking LTE small station, layering is carried out according to the minimum hop number between a time information source of a base station and a GPS time information source, clustering is carried out on the base station according to the maximum target of inter-base station clustering index values, different clustering results are obtained according to all possible clustering numbers, and a final clustering result is selected by taking the minimum cluster correlation index as a standard on the premise of meeting the cluster scale;
the clustering index value between the base stations is determined by a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) between the base stations and a synchronization level, wherein the synchronization level is the minimum hop count between a time information source of the base stations and a Global Positioning System (GPS) time information source; the cluster correlation index is based on an inter-cluster SINR sum;
step 2), synchronous path planning process: after clustering is finished, a clustering center is used for downward expansion, and a path of a base station to be synchronized for intercepting a reference base station is determined according to the maximum signal-to-interference noise ratio among the base stations until all the base stations have the determined interception path;
step 3), synchronous information acquisition process: and the LTE small station to be synchronized monitors the synchronous reference signal according to the synchronous path planning result, analyzes the synchronous signal to obtain synchronous information, and adjusts the clock of the LTE small station to be synchronized according to the synchronous information to realize synchronization.
2. The synchronization method facing the dense networking of the LTE small stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detailed steps of step 1) are as follows:
step 1.1), selecting the number of clustering centers;
step 1.2), calculating a clustering index matrix according to the selected number of clustering centers, and clustering the base station according to the clustering index matrix;
step 1.3), storing the clustering result and calculating a cluster correlation index value;
step 1.4), updating the number of clustering centers, judging whether possible clustering results are obtained, if so, executing the step 1.5), otherwise, skipping to execute the step 1.2);
step 1.5), selecting a final clustering result by taking the minimum correlation index value of the clusters as a standard on the premise of meeting the cluster scale;
step 1.6), the clustering process is finished.
3. The synchronization method facing the dense networking of the LTE small stations as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detailed steps of the step 1.2) are as follows:
step 1.2.1), layering is carried out according to the minimum hop count between the time information source of the base station and the GPS time information source, the minimum hop count between the time information source of the base station and the GPS time information source is m, the base station is divided into m sets, and m is a natural number greater than 0;
step 1.2.2), m matrixes are obtained according to the clustering index, and rows and columns of the matrixes respectively represent base stations with levels of i-1 and i; finding out the maximum element of each row of the matrix, and recording the corresponding matrix coordinate;
step 1.2.3), merging the base stations corresponding to the matrix coordinates into the same cluster.
4. The synchronization method facing the dense networking of the LTE small stations according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), a cluster is abstracted to a completely undirected graph, the base station is used as a point in the graph, and a weight between two points is determined by a synchronization level and an SINR; and taking the reference base station as a root node, selecting an optimal path according to the maximum weight value to generate a tree until the traversal of the graph is completed, and completing the planning of synchronous paths of all the base stations.
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