CN108364698B - Hydrogen elimination method and system for small space of nuclear power station - Google Patents
Hydrogen elimination method and system for small space of nuclear power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN108364698B CN108364698B CN201810005933.8A CN201810005933A CN108364698B CN 108364698 B CN108364698 B CN 108364698B CN 201810005933 A CN201810005933 A CN 201810005933A CN 108364698 B CN108364698 B CN 108364698B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/001—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices against explosions, e.g. blast shields
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/04—Means for suppressing fires ; Earthquake protection
- G21C9/06—Means for preventing accumulation of explosives gases, e.g. recombiners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for dehydrogenation in a small space of a nuclear power station, wherein the method for dehydrogenation comprises the following steps: s1, coating an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer on the inner wall of the small space; s2, before the unit of the nuclear power station operates, filling inert gas into the small space, and inerting the environment in the small space; and S3, filling inert gas into the small space when the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the small space reaches a preset value in the operation process or under the accident condition of the unit of the nuclear power station. The invention can realize the uniform hydrogen elimination in the small space (containment/suppression pool, etc.) under the normal operation and accident condition of the unit, effectively reduce the concentration of hydrogen, and prevent the partial space from high hydrogen concentration and combustion or explosion; the occupied space of the existing dehydrogenation equipment is reduced, and the risk caused by combustion or heat generation during dehydrogenation is reduced; passive hydrogen elimination, simple operation, space saving and cost reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen elimination of nuclear power stations, in particular to a method and a system for hydrogen elimination of a small space of a nuclear power station.
Background
In a nuclear power station, the hydrogen elimination of a smaller space of the nuclear power station mainly refers to the hydrogen elimination in a containment and a suppression pool. The traditional hydrogen elimination technology adopted by the nuclear power station comprises a passive hydrogen recombiner and an igniter.
Due to the large size of the passive hydrogen recombiner and the igniter, if the hydrogen elimination in a small space (containment/suppression pool) in a power station is to be completed, arrangement spaces of several or even dozens of devices are required to be provided. In addition, in order to reduce the risk of ignition and increase the air fluidity of the hydrogen recombiner, a containment/suppression pool and the like need to provide enough space to ensure the safety of ignition and the hydrogen elimination efficiency of the passive hydrogen recombiner.
Therefore, the existing hydrogen elimination technology has the following defects: the passive hydrogen recombiner and the igniter have large volume, complex structure and large space requirement; the passive hydrogen recombiner and the igniter can only locally eliminate hydrogen at fixed points; igniters are risky to use in small spaces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small space hydrogen elimination method and a small space hydrogen elimination system of a nuclear power station, which have small space requirement and reduce risks.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: providing a method for eliminating hydrogen in a small space of a nuclear power station, wherein the small space comprises the internal space of a containment and/or a suppression pool; the dehydrogenation method comprises the following steps:
s1, coating an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer on the inner wall of the small space;
s2, before the unit of the nuclear power station operates, filling inert gas into the small space, and inerting the environment in the small space;
and S3, filling inert gas into the small space when the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the small space reaches a preset value in the operation process or under the accident condition of the unit of the nuclear power station.
Preferably, in step S1, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer includes a noble metal catalyst layer.
Preferably, the noble metal catalyst layer is a mixed layer of platinum and palladium.
Preferably, in step S1, the inner wall of the small space includes a top wall surface.
Preferably, the inner wall of the small space further includes an upper end wall surface of the side wall or all wall surfaces of the side wall.
Preferably, in step S3, the preset value is 4%.
Preferably, in step S3, the inert gas is filled into the small space from the lower portion of the small space, and the gas in the upper portion of the small space is discharged out of the small space.
The invention also provides a hydrogen elimination system for the small space of the nuclear power station, wherein the small space comprises the internal space of a containment and/or a suppression pool; the dehydrogenation system comprises an inerting device communicated with the small space and an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer coated on the inner wall of the small space;
the inerting device comprises an inert gas source, a gas pipeline connected between the inert gas source and the small space, and a fan and a valve which are arranged on the gas pipeline.
Preferably, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer includes a noble metal catalyst layer; the inner wall of the small space comprises a top wall surface.
Preferably, the dehydrogenation system further comprises an exhaust conduit; the inerting device is connected with the lower part of the small space, and the exhaust pipeline is connected with the upper part of the small space.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: uniform hydrogen elimination in a small space (a containment/a suppression pool and the like) under normal operation and accident conditions of a unit is realized, the concentration of hydrogen is effectively reduced, and the phenomenon that the local space has high hydrogen concentration and is burnt or exploded is prevented; the occupied space of the existing dehydrogenation equipment is reduced, and the risk caused by combustion or heat generation during dehydrogenation is reduced; passive hydrogen elimination, simple operation, space saving and cost reduction.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing the dehydrogenation of the internal space of the containment vessel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention for dehydrogenating the internal space of the suppression pool.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
According to the method for eliminating hydrogen in the small space of the nuclear power station, the small space comprises, but is not limited to, the space corner where hydrogen is gathered, such as the internal space of a containment vessel and/or a suppression pool, and the like. The dehydrogenation method can comprise the following steps: .
And S1, coating an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer on the inner wall of the small space.
The hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer is mainly used as a reaction catalyst of hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen and the oxygen are subjected to catalytic oxidation reaction under the action of the catalyst to generate water. The hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer includes a noble metal catalyst layer. Alternatively, the noble metal catalyst layer is a mixed layer of platinum and palladium.
The inner wall of the small space comprises a top wall. The upper end wall surface of the side wall or the entire wall surface of the side wall may be included as necessary.
And S2, before the unit of the nuclear power station operates, filling inert gas into the small space, and inerting the environment in the small space.
And S3, filling inert gas into the small space when the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the small space reaches a preset value (such as 4%) in the operation process or under the accident condition of the unit of the nuclear power station.
In order to prevent the hydrogen from burning or exploding due to the overhigh hydrogen and oxygen concentration, inert gas needs to be filled into the small space to reduce the concentration of the hydrogen and/or the oxygen. The preset values of the hydrogen and/or oxygen concentration may vary, for example 4%, depending on the stack type, reducing the hydrogen and/or oxygen concentration to below 4%.
The inert gas can be gradually dispersed to the whole space in the small space, the concentration of the hydrogen and/or the oxygen in the whole space is reduced, and the high concentration of the hydrogen and/or the oxygen in the local space is prevented.
Inert gases include, but are not limited to, nitrogen.
The small space can be provided with a gas concentration measuring instrument or a gas sensor for measuring the concentration of the oxygen and/or the hydrogen in the small space.
Further, in step S3, the filling of the inert gas into the small space may be performed periodically, and may be set according to actual conditions. Or, a gas concentration measuring instrument or a gas sensor is arranged in the small space to measure the concentration of the oxygen and/or the hydrogen, and when the measured value reaches a preset value, the control system is used for controlling to fill inert gas into the small space; when the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen is reduced to a safe value (for example less than 4%), the control system controls to stop filling the small space with the inert gas.
In step S3, it is preferable that the inert gas is filled into the small space from the lower part of the small space, the gas (original gas) in the upper part of the small space is discharged out of the small space to provide a space for the inert gas, and the gas in the original small space is also discharged to reduce the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen therein. The exhaust gas may be vented to an exhaust treatment system through an exhaust conduit.
The small space of the hydrogen elimination system of the nuclear power station comprises the inner space of a containment and/or a suppression pool. The dehydrogenation method can be realized by adopting the dehydrogenation system.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the dehydrogenation system may include an inerting apparatus 10 communicating with the small space, and an oxyhydrogen recombination catalyst layer 20 coated on an inner wall of the small space.
The inerting apparatus 10 includes an inert gas source 11, a gas pipe 12 connected between the inert gas source 11 and the small space, a blower (not shown) provided in the gas pipe 12, and a valve 13. The inert gas source 11 is a gas cylinder, a gas tank, or the like filled with inert gas. The gas pipeline 12 is used for inert gas to enter the small space, and the fan provides suction force to pump the inert gas into the small space from the inert gas source 11; the valve 13 is used to control the opening or closing of the gas pipe 12.
The hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer 20 includes a noble metal catalyst layer, and further, a mixed layer of platinum and palladium may be selected. The inner wall of the small space coated with the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer 20 includes a top wall surface. The upper end wall surface of the side wall or the entire wall surface of the side wall may be included as necessary.
Further, the dehydrogenation system may further include an exhaust pipe 30 connected to the small space for exhausting gas. Preferably, the inerting apparatus 10 is connected to the lower portion of the small space, and the exhaust duct 30 is connected to the upper portion of the small space, so that inert gas enters the small space from the lower portion thereof and can drive the gas existing in the small space to be exhausted from the upper portion. Exhaust conduit 30 may be connected to an exhaust treatment system to deliver the exhaust gas to the exhaust treatment system for treatment. The exhaust pipe 30 is also provided with a valve for controlling the on-off of the exhaust pipe.
Further, the dehydrogenation system can further comprise a gas concentration measuring instrument or a gas sensor which is arranged in the small space and is used for measuring the concentration of the oxygen and/or the hydrogen in the small space.
The gas concentration measuring instrument or the gas sensor and the inerting device 10 are electrically connected with the control system, so that the control system can control the inerting device 10 to be opened or closed according to data measured by the gas concentration measuring instrument or the gas sensor.
Referring to fig. 1, in the dehydrogenation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the small space is an internal space of the containment 1. The hydrogen elimination system is adopted to eliminate hydrogen in the containment 1, and comprises the following specific steps: coating an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer 20 on the top wall surface and the upper end wall surface of the side wall in the containment 1; the inerting device 10 is connected with the lower part of the containment vessel 1, and the exhaust pipeline 30 is connected with the upper part of the containment vessel 1; before the unit of the nuclear power station operates, filling inert gas into the containment vessel 1 to inert the environment in the containment vessel 1; in the operation process or under the accident condition of a unit of the nuclear power station, inert gas is filled into the containment vessel 1 periodically, the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the containment vessel 1 is reduced, and the phenomenon that the hydrogen concentration is higher and combustion or explosion occurs is prevented. In the process of filling the inert gas, the original gas in the containment vessel 1 is discharged to the waste gas treatment system from the upper part through the exhaust pipeline 30.
Referring to fig. 2, in the dehydrogenation method according to another embodiment of the present invention, the small space is an internal space of the suppression pool 2, and the suppression pool 2 is disposed in the containment 1 at the periphery of the pressure vessel 3. The hydrogen elimination system is adopted to eliminate hydrogen for the suppression pool 2, and comprises the following specific steps: coating an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer 20 on the top wall surface (or the upper end wall surface of the side wall of the top wall surface) in the suppression pool 2; the inerting device 10 is connected with the lower part of the suppression pool 2, and the exhaust pipeline 30 is connected with the upper part of the suppression pool 2; before the unit of the nuclear power station operates and before the liquid is not filled in the suppression pool 2, the inert gas is filled in the suppression pool 2 to inert the environment in the suppression pool 2.
According to the requirement, under the accident condition, after the liquid in the suppression pool 2 is discharged, inert gas can be filled into the suppression pool 2. In the course of filling with the inert gas, the original gas in the suppression pool 2 is discharged from the upper part to the exhaust gas treatment system through the exhaust pipe 30.
It is understood that in a nuclear power plant, a suppression pool is arranged in some containment vessels, and none is arranged in others. According to the requirement, for the containment provided with the suppression pool, the hydrogen elimination operation can be carried out on both the containment and the suppression pool, and the hydrogen elimination operation can also be carried out only on the containment or the suppression pool.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for eliminating hydrogen in a small space of a nuclear power station, wherein the small space comprises the internal space of a containment and/or a suppression pool; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, coating an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer on the inner wall of the small space;
the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer is mainly used as a reaction catalyst of hydrogen and oxygen, and the hydrogen and the oxygen are subjected to catalytic oxidation reaction under the action of the catalyst to generate water;
the inner wall of the small space comprises a top wall surface and an upper end wall surface of the side wall;
s2, before the unit of the nuclear power station operates, filling inert gas into the small space, and inerting the environment in the small space;
s3, filling inert gas into the small space from the lower part of the small space when the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the small space reaches a preset value in the operation process or under the accident condition of the unit of the nuclear power station, and simultaneously discharging the original gas in the small space out of the small space to provide space for the inert gas; the inert gas is gradually dispersed to the whole space in the small space, and the concentration of hydrogen and/or oxygen in the small space is reduced;
a gas concentration measuring instrument or a gas sensor for measuring the concentration of oxygen and/or hydrogen is arranged in the small space; when the measured value reaches a preset value, controlling by a control system, and filling inert gas into the small space; and when the concentration of the hydrogen and/or the oxygen is reduced to a safe value, the control system controls to stop filling the inert gas into the small space.
2. The nuclear power plant small space dehydrogenation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer comprises a noble metal catalyst layer.
3. The nuclear power plant small space dehydrogenation method according to claim 2, wherein the noble metal catalyst layer is a mixed layer of platinum and palladium.
4. The small space dehydrogenation method for nuclear power plants according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the preset value is 4%.
5. A small space hydrogen elimination system of a nuclear power station comprises a containment and/or a suppression pool inner space; the device is characterized in that the dehydrogenation system comprises an inerting device communicated with the small space and an oxyhydrogen composite catalyst layer coated on the inner wall of the small space;
the inerting device is connected with the lower part of the small space; the inerting device comprises an inert gas source, a gas pipeline connected between the inert gas source and the small space, and a fan and a valve which are arranged on the gas pipeline; the inner wall of the small space comprises a top wall surface and an upper end wall surface of the side wall;
the small space dehydrogenation system of the nuclear power station also comprises a gas concentration measuring instrument or a gas sensor which is arranged in the small space and is used for measuring the concentration of oxygen and/or hydrogen in the small space;
the gas concentration measuring instrument or the gas sensor and the inerting device are electrically connected with the control system, so that the control system controls the inerting device to be opened or closed according to data measured by the gas concentration measuring instrument or the gas sensor.
6. The nuclear power plant small space hydrogen elimination system of claim 5, wherein the hydrogen-oxygen composite catalyst layer comprises a noble metal catalyst layer.
7. The nuclear power plant small space dehydrogenation system of claim 5, further comprising an exhaust conduit; the exhaust duct is connected to an upper portion of the small space.
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| CN1125888A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-03 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Catalytic hydrogen-eliminating technological process for nuclear energy system |
| CN101811013A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-25 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Catalysis type hydrogen compounding process method in nuclear power plant |
| CN102658138A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-12 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Aluminum-plated metal carrier dehydrogenation catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103033591A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | System and method for testing catalyst dehydrogenation performance |
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| CN103991979B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2016-08-24 | 南京德磊科技有限公司 | Process the system and method for sewage |
| CN103352742A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-10-16 | 江西宝安新材料科技有限公司 | Particulate filter carrier of diesel engine |
| CN104420445A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-03-18 | 天津滨海新区大港荣达科贸有限公司 | Light-weight oil fence for handling spoiled oil pollution on water |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1125888A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-03 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Catalytic hydrogen-eliminating technological process for nuclear energy system |
| CN101811013A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-25 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Catalysis type hydrogen compounding process method in nuclear power plant |
| CN102658138A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-12 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Aluminum-plated metal carrier dehydrogenation catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103033591A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | System and method for testing catalyst dehydrogenation performance |
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