CN108354696A - 3d打印人工椎体 - Google Patents

3d打印人工椎体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108354696A
CN108354696A CN201810243499.7A CN201810243499A CN108354696A CN 108354696 A CN108354696 A CN 108354696A CN 201810243499 A CN201810243499 A CN 201810243499A CN 108354696 A CN108354696 A CN 108354696A
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Prior art keywords
vertebral body
support component
artificial vertebral
nail hole
printing artificial
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CN201810243499.7A
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CN108354696B (zh
Inventor
郑明辉
陈建庭
瞿东滨
朱青安
陆国赞
朱纬纬
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Guangzhou China Titanium Three-Dimensional Material Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Guangzhou China Titanium Three-Dimensional Material Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810243499.7A priority Critical patent/CN108354696B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/096298 priority patent/WO2019178989A1/zh
Publication of CN108354696A publication Critical patent/CN108354696A/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种3D打印人工椎体，包括第一支撑组件及与第一支撑组件相连的第二支撑组件，第一支撑组件及第二支撑组件贯通于3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面，第一支撑组件置于所述3D打印人工椎体的后侧，所述第一支撑组件为向3D打印人工椎体中部凹陷的U型结构，第一支撑组件与所述第二支撑组件之间的空隙设有填充体，填充体由若干直径为0.2mm‑2mm、孔隙率为60％‑80％的微孔组成。本发明的3D打印人工椎体，其具有高仿生性，较大的临近椎体接触面积，提高椎体承受挤压所需的刚性；具有正常椎体弹性模量缓冲作用，高孔隙率微孔提高临近椎体骨组织及空腔植入骨组织的长入，提高融合效果。

Description

3D打印人工椎体
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗领域，更具体的说，是一种3D打印人工椎体。
背景技术
脊柱肿瘤、脊柱严重爆裂性骨折等所致椎体严重破坏的病患，其治疗方法主要为全椎体切除术，该手术会严重破坏脊柱生物力学的稳定性，凡是施行全椎体切除术者，均需要重建脊柱稳定性，即在切除的椎体处植入人工椎体，传统的人工椎体并非针对患者的个性化设计，其在受到挤压后不具备缓冲作用，同时其支撑刚度不够，达不到理性的治疗效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种3D打印人工椎体，其具有高仿生性，符合人体内椎体的个性化设计，符合人体解剖结构、生物力学及骨组织长入，较大的临近椎体接触面积，提高椎体承受挤压所需的刚性；具有正常椎体弹性模量缓冲作用，高孔隙率微孔提高临近椎体骨组织及空腔植入骨组织的长入，提高融合效果。
其技术方案如下：
3D打印人工椎体包括第一支撑组件及与所述第一支撑组件相连的第二支撑组件，所述第一支撑组件及所述第二支撑组件贯通于所述3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面，所述第一支撑组件置于所述3D打印人工椎体的后侧，所述第一支撑组件为向所述3D打印人工椎体中部凹陷的U型板状结构，所述第一支撑组件与所述第二支撑组件之间的空隙设有填充体，所述填充体由微孔组成，所述微孔直径为0.2mm-2mm，所述填充体也具有上表面及下表面。
所述第二支撑组件包括第一支撑板及第二支撑板，所述第一支撑板与所述第二支撑板相对于所述3D打印人工椎体的中轴线成轴对称设置，所述第一支撑板及所述第二支撑板与水平方向的夹角为60度-90度。
所述第一支撑组件及所述第二支撑组件之间设有连接组件，所述连接组件也至少部分贯通于所述3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面。
所述连接组件包括第一连接板及第二连接板，所述第一连接板及所述第二连接板与水平方向的夹角为60度-90度，所述第一连接板及所述第二连接板与所述第二支撑组件之间设有连接环，所述连接环包括第一连接环及第二连接环，所述第一连接环及所述第二连接环套设于所述第一支撑板、所述第二支撑板、所述第一连接板及所述第二连接板。
所述填充体的中部设有空腔，该空腔位于所述第一连接板、所述第二连接板、所述第二支撑组件、所述第一连接环及所述第二连接环之间，该空腔与所述微孔相通。
所述连接组件及所述第二支撑组件均设于所述U型板状结构两侧边内侧。
所述第一支撑组件两侧边中部分别设有第一钉孔架及第二钉孔架，所述第一钉孔架贯穿所述第一支撑组件后与所述第一支撑板相连，所述第二钉孔架贯穿所述第一支撑组件后与所述第二支撑板相连，所述第一钉孔架位于所述第一连接板的外侧，所述第二钉孔架位于所述第二连接板外侧，且所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架位于所述第一连接环与所述第二连接环之间。
所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架在所述第一支撑组件上形成的钉孔的直径为6mm-8mm，所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架的中轴线与水平方向的夹角为0度-15度。
所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架的正下方分别设有斜型凹槽，所述斜型凹槽直径为3mm-5mm。
所述微孔由四边形及六边形组成的十四面体或由四边形组成的十二面体组合而成，所述微孔孔隙率为60％-80％。
下面对本发明的优点或原理进行说明：
1、贯通于3D打印人工椎体的板状第一支撑组件及第二支撑组件保证了3D打印人工椎体的刚性，使3D打印人工椎体受到挤压时不会出现过大的形变，若干微孔组成的填充体，在3D打印人工椎体受到挤压时具有一定的缓冲作用，不至于使3D打印人工椎体因过大的冲击力受到损坏，位于3D打印人工椎体上方的椎体骨组织可通过填充体上表面的微孔进入3D打印人工椎体，位于3D打印人工椎体下方的椎体骨组织可通过填充体的下表面进入3D打印人工椎体，增大了3D打印人工椎体与临近椎体的界面接触面积，同时，填充体的上表面及下表面的微孔具有一定的防滑作用，使植入的3D打印人工椎体与上方及下方的椎体之间不会因活动出现移位及错位的情况，
2、第一支撑板的U型板状结构，加大脊柱中柱的支撑力，其上的凹陷部避免压迫硬脊膜囊、脊髓、神经根，同时，U型板状结构的两侧边加大3D打印人工椎体稳定性及支撑力度，U型板状结构在手术时便于3D打印人工椎体放入人体内而不易损伤脊髓、神经根及周围软组织。
3、对称及与水平方向具有一定角度设置的第一支撑板及第二支撑板增加了3D打印人工椎体的刚性，使3D打印人工椎体不会因挤压出现过大的变形、断裂。
4、部分贯通于3D打印人工椎体的连接组件，其增加了3D打印人工椎体中柱的刚性。
5、连接组件的第一连接板、第二连接板、第一连接环及第二连接环，使第一支撑组件及第二支撑组件牢固连接，同时使第一支撑组件及第二支撑组件之间的空间更加稳固，使填充体也不会因挤压出现过大的形变、断裂。
6、该3D打印人工椎体设有的空腔，其内部可放入人体自体骨或同种异体骨，而空腔与微孔相通，则使临近椎体骨组织可通过空腔的上方及下方及3D打印人工椎体的上下表面的微孔长入，保证了临近椎体与3D打印人工椎体的充分融合，提高局部稳定性。
7、连接第一支撑组件与第二支撑组件的第一钉孔架及第二钉孔架，其内部可拧入椎弓根螺钉用于通过后方连接固定3D打印人工椎体与临近椎体，同时，第一钉孔架及第二钉孔架使第一支撑组件及第二支撑组件连接更加牢固。
8、倾斜设置的第一钉孔架及第二钉孔架，加强了3D打印人工椎体外侧及后方的稳固性。
9、设于第一钉孔架及第二钉孔架下方的斜型凹槽，其位置设置符合脊柱神经根走向，同时斜型凹槽的尺寸设计则避免了对通过斜型凹槽处的神经的压迫及损伤。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的俯视图；
图2是本发明实施例的不带填充体的立体结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的图2的俯视图；
图4是本发明实施例的后视图；
图5是本发明实施例的剖视图。
附图标记说明：
10、第一支撑组件；20、第二支撑组件；21、第一支撑板；22、第二支撑板；30、连接组件；31、第一连接板；32、第二连接板；33、第一连接环；34、第二连接环；40、第一钉孔架；50、第二钉孔架；60、斜型凹槽。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
如图1所示，图1为本发明实施例的结构示意图。本实施例公开一种用于植入人体脊柱内的3D打印人工椎体，本实施例的3D打印人工椎体的高度与人体内病变或破坏椎体及上下椎间盘的总高度相同，如图2所示，本实施例的3D打印人工椎体包括第一支撑组件10及与第一支撑组件10相连的第二支撑组件20，第一支撑组件10及第二支撑组件20贯通于3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面。其中，第一支撑组件10位于3D打印人工椎体的后侧，且第一支撑组件10为3D打印人工椎体中部凹陷的U型板状结构，在本实施例中，U型板状结构凹陷部的半径为12mm-15mm，U型结构两侧边之间的距离为病变或破坏椎体宽度。第二支撑组件20包括第一支撑板21及第二支撑板22，第一支撑板21及第二支撑板22相对于3D打印人工椎体的中轴线成轴对称设置，且第一支撑板21及第二支撑板22与水平方向的夹角为60度-90度。
第一支撑组件10及第二支撑组件20之间设有连接组件30，连接组件30及第二支撑组件20均设于U型结构两侧边内侧，连接组件30也至少部分贯通于3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面，如图2所示，连接组件30包括第一连接板31、第二连接板32及连接环，第一连接板31及第二连接板32也相对3D打印人工椎体成轴对称设置，同时，第一连接板31及第二连接板32与水平方向的夹角为60度-90度。倾斜设置的第一支撑板21、第二支撑板22、第一连接板31及第二连接板32加固了3D打印人工椎体的稳固性。如图1、图4所示，连接环包括第一连接环33及第二连接环34，第一连接环33及第二连接环34套设于第一支撑板21、第二支撑板22、第一连接板31及第二连接板32。
第一支撑组件10、第二支撑组件20及连接组件30之间的空隙设有填充体，填充体由若干微孔组成，微孔直径为0.2mm-2mm，微孔由孔隙率为60％-80％的四边形及六边形组成的十四面体或由四边形组成的十二面体组合而成，填充体也具有上表面及下表面，填充体的上表面及下表面具有一定的防滑效果，填充后的3D打印人工椎体与第一支撑组件10相对的另一面为弧形面，填充体的中部设有空腔，该空腔位于第一连接板31、第二连接板32、第二支撑组件20、第一连接环33及第二连接环34之间，空腔与微孔相通，该空腔内用于植入人体自体骨或同种异体骨，临近椎体的骨组织可以通过空腔的上方、下方及微孔长入而提高融合率，微孔的存在增大了界面接触面积及融合面积。
如图4所示，为了3D打印人工椎体植入后与脊柱间的连接固定，在第一支撑组件10的U型板状结构的两侧边中部分别设有第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50，第一钉孔架40贯穿第一支撑组件10后与第一支撑板21相连，第二钉孔架50贯穿第一支撑组件10后与第二支撑板22相连，第一钉孔架40位于第一连接板31的外侧，第二钉孔架50位于第二连接板32的外侧，如图5所示，第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50均位于第一连接环33与第二连接环34之间，第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50在第一支撑组件10上形成的钉孔直径为6mm-8mm，第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50的中轴线与水平方向的夹角为0度-15度，同时，第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50分别与第一支撑板21及第二支撑板22相连的一端的两侧边之间的夹角为60度-90度,第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50用于拧入椎弓根螺钉。
为了减少或避免3D打印人工椎体植入过程中损伤硬脊膜、脊髓或神经根，如图4所示，在第一钉孔架40与第二钉孔架50的正下方分别设有斜型凹槽60，斜型凹槽60为神经根走向且尺寸大于神经根尺寸，本实施例中斜型凹槽的直径为3mm-5mm。
本实施例的优点如下：
1、贯通于3D打印人工椎体的板状第一支撑组件10及第二支撑组件20保证了3D打印人工椎体的刚性，使3D打印人工椎体受到挤压时不会出现过大的形变，若干微孔组成的填充体，在3D打印人工椎体受到挤压时具有一定的缓冲作用，不至于使3D打印人工椎体因过大的冲击力受到损坏，位于3D打印人工椎体上方的椎体骨组织可通过填充体上表面的微孔进入3D打印人工椎体，位于3D打印人工椎体下方的椎体骨组织可通过填充体的下表面进入3D打印人工椎体，增大了3D打印人工椎体与临近椎体的界面接触面积，同时，填充体的上表面及下表面的微孔具有一定的防滑作用，使植入的3D打印人工椎体与上方及下方的椎体之间不会因活动出现移位及错位的情况。
2、第一支撑板10的U型板状结构，加大脊柱中柱的支撑力，其上的凹陷部避免压迫硬脊膜囊、脊髓、神经根，同时，U型板状结构的两侧边加大3D打印人工椎体稳定性及支撑力度，U型板状结构在手术时便于3D打印人工椎体放入人体内而不易损伤脊髓、神经根及周围软组织。
3、对称及与水平方向具有一定角度设置的第一支撑板21及第二支撑板22增加了3D打印人工椎体的刚性，使3D打印人工椎体不会因挤压出现过大的变形、断裂。
4、部分贯通于3D打印人工椎体的连接组件30，其增加了3D打印人工椎体中柱的刚性。
5、连接组件30的第一连接板31、第二连接板32、第一连接环33及第二连接环34，使第一支撑组件10及第二支撑组件20牢固连接，同时使第一支撑组件10及第二支撑组件20之间的空间更加稳固，使填充体也不会因挤压出现过大的形变、断裂。
6、该3D打印人工椎体设有的空腔，其内部可放入人体自体骨或同种异体骨，而空腔与微孔相通，则使临近椎体骨组织可通过空腔的上方及下方及3D打印人工椎体的上下表面的微孔长入，保证了临近椎体与3D打印人工椎体的充分融合，提高局部稳定性。
7、连接第一支撑组件10与第二支撑组件20的第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50，其内部可拧入椎弓根螺钉用于通过后方连接固定3D打印人工椎体与临近椎体，同时，第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50使第一支撑组件10及第二支撑组件20连接更加牢固。
8、倾斜设置的第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50，加强了3D打印人工椎体外侧及后方的稳固性。
9、设于第一钉孔架40及第二钉孔架50下方的斜型凹槽60，其位置设置符合脊柱神经根走向，同时斜型凹槽60的尺寸设计则避免了对通过斜型凹槽60处的神经的压迫及损伤。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施例，并不以此限定本发明的保护范围；在不违反本发明构思的基础上所作的任何替换与改进，均属本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，包括第一支撑组件及与所述第一支撑组件相连的第二支撑组件，所述第一支撑组件及所述第二支撑组件贯通于所述3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面，所述第一支撑组件置于所述3D打印人工椎体的后侧，所述第一支撑组件为向所述3D打印人工椎体中部凹陷的U型板状结构，所述第一支撑组件与所述第二支撑组件之间的空隙设有填充体，所述填充体由微孔组成，所述微孔直径为0.2mm-2mm，所述填充体也具有上表面及下表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述第二支撑组件包括第一支撑板及第二支撑板，所述第一支撑板与所述第二支撑板相对于所述3D打印人工椎体的中轴线成轴对称设置，所述第一支撑板及所述第二支撑板与水平方向的夹角为60度-90度。
3.如权利要求2所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述第一支撑组件及所述第二支撑组件之间设有连接组件，所述连接组件也至少部分贯通于所述3D打印人工椎体的上表面及下表面。
4.如权利要求3所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述连接组件包括第一连接板及第二连接板，所述第一连接板及所述第二连接板与水平方向的夹角为60度-90度，所述第一连接板及所述第二连接板与所述第二支撑组件之间设有连接环，所述连接环包括第一连接环及第二连接环，所述第一连接环及所述第二连接环套设于所述第一支撑板、所述第二支撑板、所述第一连接板及所述第二连接板。
5.如权利要求4所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述填充体的中部设有空腔，该空腔位于所述第一连接板、所述第二连接板、所述第二支撑组件、所述第一连接环及所述第二连接环之间，该空腔与所述微孔相通。
6.如权利要求5所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述连接组件及所述第二支撑组件均设于所述U型板状结构两侧边内侧。
7.如权利要求6所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述第一支撑组件两侧边中部分别设有第一钉孔架及第二钉孔架，所述第一钉孔架贯穿所述第一支撑组件后与所述第一支撑板相连，所述第二钉孔架贯穿所述第一支撑组件后与所述第二支撑板相连，所述第一钉孔架位于所述第一连接板的外侧，所述第二钉孔架位于所述第二连接板外侧，且所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架位于所述第一连接环与所述第二连接环之间。
8.如权利要求7所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于,所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架在所述第一支撑组件上形成的钉孔的直径为6mm-8mm，所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架的中轴线与水平方向的夹角为0度-15度。
9.如权利要求7或权利要求8所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述第一钉孔架及所述第二钉孔架的正下方分别设有斜型凹槽，所述斜型凹槽直径为3mm-5mm。
10.如权利要求9所述的3D打印人工椎体，其特征在于，所述微孔由四边形及六边形组成的十四面体或由四边形组成的十二面体组合而成，所述微孔孔隙率为60％-80％。
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