CN108345759A - The measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution - Google Patents
The measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN108345759A CN108345759A CN201810203133.7A CN201810203133A CN108345759A CN 108345759 A CN108345759 A CN 108345759A CN 201810203133 A CN201810203133 A CN 201810203133A CN 108345759 A CN108345759 A CN 108345759A
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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Abstract
A kind of measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution, includes the following steps：Establish the 3-D geometric model of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device；Mesh generation is carried out to the 3-D geometric model；Estimation conditions parameter is set according to the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device local environment state and leakage situation；Numerical simulation calculation is carried out to Liquefied Hydrocarbon leakage diffusion zone concentration distribution using Fluent softwares, obtains Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution values.The measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution provided by the invention considers storage device local environment state and leakage situation, it realizes and the concentration distribution in Release and dispersion region is calculated, the regional concentration distribution that timely and accurately measuring and calculating gas leakage may be diffused into, so that emergency personnel makes correct reply processing, casualties and property loss are avoided or reduced, has many advantages, such as that estimation precision is high, analog simulation degree is high, applied widely, economical and efficient, simple and convenient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hydro carbons security technology areas that liquefies, and are a kind of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device leakage expansions specifically
Dissipate the measuring method of regional concentration distribution.
Background technology
Due to ageing equipment, burn into tubing and weld defect etc., Liquefied Hydrocarbon Tank Fire leakage accident takes place frequently, and causes fire
Calamity and explosion, cause casualties and the serious consequence of environmental pollution.According to statistics, in recent years liquefaction hydro carbons fire incident compared with
Other fire incidents show feature occurred frequently, and liquefy the number of casualties and direct economic loss caused by hydro carbons fire incident all
Several times even ten are several times as much as other fire incidents.
Leakage accident occur when, Liquefied Hydrocarbon can diffuse in air, formed density be more than surrounding air heavy gas cloud, and in
Low clearance area is spread rapidly, is met burning things which may cause a fire disaster and is then lighted explosion.Wherein, the concentration distribution of source of leaks near zone is important influence
Factor.Therefore, rationally, accurately calculate the concentration distribution of source of leaks near zone of the liquefaction hydro carbons under certain natural conditions,
Prevention and control to accident have very important directive significance.
Currently, for the measuring and calculating of liquefaction hydro carbons near zone concentration in leakage process, there are many phases for the prior art
Close research, such as analytic method, statistical method, indirect calculating method, test analysis mathed etc..However, these methods can not be reasonably
The natural environmental condition of location of leak at that time is considered comprehensively so that results of measuring is there are larger error, and part
Method is complex, emergency is poor, can not be advantageously applied in the prevention and rescue and relief work of actual accidents disaster.
Invention content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentrations
The measuring method of distribution considers storage device local environment state and leakage situation comprehensively, realizes to the dense of Release and dispersion region
Degree distribution measuring and calculating, to obtain the important informations such as Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution values and isopleth.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution, includes the following steps：
A：Establish the 3-D geometric model of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device；
B：Mesh generation is carried out to the 3-D geometric model；
C：Estimation conditions parameter is set according to the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device local environment state and leakage situation；
D：Numerical simulation calculation is carried out to Liquefied Hydrocarbon leakage diffusion zone concentration distribution using Fluent softwares, is leaked
Diffusion zone concentration distribution numerical value.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the estimation conditions parameter includes：Position residing for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device
The wind direction and wind speed set leak aperture, duration, speed and the direction of leakage, Liquefied Hydrocarbon relative air density and gas cloud gravity.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the governing equation group of the numerical simulation calculation includes the conservation of mass
Equation, energy conservation equation and momentum conservation equation.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the mass-conservation equation is as follows：
In formula, t is the time, and ρ is density, uiFor speed.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the energy conservation equation is as follows：
In formula, t is the time, and ρ is density, uiFor speed, P is pressure, and μ is dynamic viscosity, and ε is the dissipation of Turbulent Kinetic k
Rate.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the momentum conservation equation is as follows：
In formula, t is the time, and ρ is density, ui、ujFor speed, P is pressure, and μ is dynamic viscosity, and k is Turbulent Kinetic.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the numerical model that the numerical simulation calculation uses is turbulent flow mould
Type, the computational methods that the numerical simulation calculation uses is Finite Volume Method for Air.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the turbulence model is zero equation turbulence model, folk prescription journey turbulent flow
One kind in model, two-equation turbulence model, four Equation Turbulence Models or seven Equation Turbulence Models.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the fundamental equation of the two-equation turbulence model is as follows：
In formula, GkFor the Turbulent Kinetic that average velocity gradient generates, GbFor the Turbulent Kinetic that buoyancy effect generates, YMFor can
Influence of the compression turbulence pulse expansion to total dissipative shock wave, μtFor coefficient of eddy viscosity, ρ is gas density (kg/m3), t is the time,
C1ε、C2ε、 C3εTo give tacit consent to numerical constant, σkFor the turbulent prandtl number of Turbulent Kinetic k, σεFor the turbulent prandtl number of dissipative shock wave ε.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the mesh generation mode of the 3-D geometric model is full hexahedron
Mesh generation method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Consider storage device local environment state and leakage situation, realizes and the concentration distribution in Release and dispersion region is surveyed
It calculates, the regional concentration distribution that gas leakage may be diffused into timely and accurately is calculated, so that emergency personnel makes correct reply
Processing avoids or reduces the casualties and property loss that may occur, and has estimation precision height, analog simulation degree high, applicable
Range is wide, economical and efficient, it is simple and convenient the advantages that.
To enable the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention to be clearer and more comprehensible, preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and coordinate
Appended attached drawing, is described in detail below.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as
Restriction to range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with root
Other relevant attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides
Flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating flow chart；
Fig. 3 is the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
The tank car of practical application and the mesh generation schematic diagram of computational domain；
Fig. 4 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 5s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 4 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 15s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 4 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 30s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 4 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 60s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 5 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 5s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 5 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 15s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 5 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 30s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 5 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 60s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 6 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 5s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Fig. 6 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 15s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Fig. 6 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 30s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Fig. 6 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Measuring and calculating obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 60s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Fig. 7 a are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 5s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Fig. 7 b are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 15s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Fig. 7 c are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 30s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Fig. 7 d are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtain it is calm when in small hole leaking generation after 60s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Fig. 8 a are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 5s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 8 b are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 15s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 8 c are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 30s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 8 d are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 60s vertical section concentration profile；
Fig. 9 a are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 5s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 9 b are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 15s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 9 c are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 30s horizontal section concentration profile；
Fig. 9 d are the surveys of the measuring method for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Obtained 2m/s with the wind when in small hole leaking generation after 60s horizontal section concentration profile；
Figure 10 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation 5s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 10 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation 15s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 10 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation 30s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 10 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation 60s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 11 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation concentration profile on the leakage hole central axes of 5s；
Figure 11 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation concentration profile on the leakage hole central axes of 15s；
Figure 11 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation concentration profile on the leakage hole central axes of 30s；
Figure 11 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
When calculating obtained 2m/s with the wind after small hole leaking generation concentration profile on the leakage hole central axes of 60s；
Figure 12 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s vertical section concentration profile；
Figure 12 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 15s vertical section concentration profile；
Figure 12 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 30s vertical section concentration profile；
Figure 12 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 60s vertical section concentration profile；
Figure 13 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s horizontal section concentration profile；
Figure 13 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s horizontal section concentration profile；
Figure 13 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s horizontal section concentration profile；
Figure 13 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s horizontal section concentration profile；
Figure 14 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 14 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 15s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 14 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 30s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 14 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 60s 50% explosion ratio lower limit contour surface figure；
Figure 15 a are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 5s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Figure 15 b are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 15s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Figure 15 c are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 30s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile；
Figure 15 d are the measuring methods for the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution that the embodiment of the present invention 2 provides
Calculate obtain 2m/s contrary winds when in small hole leaking generation after 60s leakage hole central axes on concentration profile.
Specific implementation mode
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, below with reference to relevant drawings to Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration
The measuring method of distribution is described more fully.Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration point is given in attached drawing
The preferred embodiment of the measuring method of cloth.But the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution can
By by it is many it is different in the form of realize, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, providing these embodiments
Purpose be the measuring method for making to be distributed Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration disclosure it is more thorough complete
Face.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element, it can be directly on another element
Or there may also be elements placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to
To another element or it may be simultaneously present centering elements.On the contrary, when element is referred to as " directly existing " another element "upper"
When, intermediary element is not present.Term as used herein " vertically ", " horizontal ", "left", "right" and similar statement
For illustrative purposes only.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article and belong to the technical field of the present invention
The normally understood meaning of technical staff is identical.Herein in the measuring and calculating of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution
The term used in the description of method, which is only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Term " and or " used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more relevant Listed Items.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment discloses a kind of measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution, the measuring and calculating side
Method includes the following steps：
A：Establish the 3-D geometric model of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device；
B：Mesh generation is carried out to the 3-D geometric model；
C：Estimation conditions parameter is set according to the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device local environment state and leakage situation；
D：Numerical simulation calculation is carried out to Liquefied Hydrocarbon leakage diffusion zone concentration distribution using Fluent softwares, is leaked
Diffusion zone concentration distribution numerical value.
Exemplarily, the estimation conditions parameter includes：The wind direction and wind speed of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device present position,
Leak aperture, duration, speed and the direction of leakage, Liquefied Hydrocarbon relative air density and gas cloud gravity.
Exemplarily, the governing equation group of the numerical simulation calculation include mass-conservation equation, energy conservation equation with
Momentum conservation equation.
Wherein, the mass-conservation equation is as follows：
Wherein, the energy conservation equation is as follows：
Wherein, the momentum conservation equation is as follows：
In the above formulas, t is the time, and ρ is density, ui、ujFor speed, P is pressure, and μ is dynamic viscosity, and k is dynamic for turbulent flow
Can, ε is the dissipative shock wave of Turbulent Kinetic k.
Exemplarily, the numerical model that the numerical simulation calculation uses for turbulence model, adopt by the numerical simulation calculation
Computational methods are Finite Volume Method for Air.Turbulent flow is irregular, multiple dimensioned, structured flowing, usually three-dimensional, unsteady
, there is very strong diffusivity and dissipativeness, meet the characteristic of Liquefied Hydrocarbon Release and dispersion.
Exemplarily, classified according to used differential equation number, the turbulence model is zero equation turbulence model, folk prescription
One kind in journey turbulence model, two-equation turbulence model, four Equation Turbulence Models or seven Equation Turbulence Models.
Exemplarily, turbulence model is two-equation turbulence model, i.e., carries out simulation calculating using two differential equations.
This, the fundamental equation of the two-equation turbulence model is as follows：
In formula, GkFor the Turbulent Kinetic that average velocity gradient generates, GbFor the Turbulent Kinetic that buoyancy effect generates, YMFor can
Influence of the compression turbulence pulse expansion to total dissipative shock wave, μtFor coefficient of eddy viscosity, ρ is gas density (kg/m3), t is the time,
C1ε、C2ε、 C3εTo give tacit consent to numerical constant, σkFor the turbulent prandtl number of Turbulent Kinetic k, σεFor the turbulent prandtl number of dissipative shock wave ε.
Supplementary explanation, the gas cloud formed by gas leakage and air, generally by mechanical turbulence, internal float in diffusion process
The collective effect of power turbulent flow and ambient turbulence three.But under different leak conditions and the different phase of diffusion, diffusion are main
By one of which or two kinds of effect controls.
Wherein, the numerous types of mesh generation mode.Exemplarily, the mesh generation mode of the 3-D geometric model is
All-hexahedral element mesh partitioning is more bonded the duty construction of Liquefied Hydrocarbon leakage.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the present embodiment discloses a kind of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution
Measuring method practical application example.
In the present embodiment, object, that is, Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device are calculated, for the tank car leaked.The long 15m of tank car,
High 4m, width 2.5m, tank body size 2.475 × 12.85m of Ф, computational domain is respectively 100m, 400m, 100m along the directions XYZ.According to
Step A carries out 3 d geometric modeling to tank car.
According to step B, grid is carried out to the 3-D geometric model and computational domain of tank car using all-hexahedral element mesh partitioning
It divides, obtains the cutting structure that grid sum is 1,200,000.Exemplarily, ICEM softwares can be used and carry out mesh generation.
According to step C, estimation conditions parameter is set according to tank car local environment state and leakage situation.Wherein, calculate item
Part parameter may include following data：
Entry condition：It is chosen to be calm, tri- kinds of operating modes of 2m/s and contrary wind 2m/s with the wind respectively, corresponding wind speed is 0 and ± 2m/
s；
Tank rupture situation：Tank body integrally ruptures, and Liquefied Hydrocarbon is leaked and spread rapidly around；
Tank car leakage rate direction：(in the horizontal direction) vertical with tank car tail portion；
Small hole leaking aperture：It is 30mm that tank car, which reveals aperture, positioned at tank car tail portion and continues to leak；
Liquefied Hydrocarbon relative air density：1.686, and its gravity is calculated according to leakage gas cloud；
Choose the moment：5s、15s、30s、60s.
According to step D, numerical simulation calculation is carried out to Liquefied Hydrocarbon leakage diffusion zone concentration distribution using Fluent softwares.
The numerical model wherein used is two-equation turbulence model, the turbulent prandtl number σ of Turbulent Kinetic kkIt is 1.0, dissipative shock wave ε's
Turbulent prandtl number σεIt is 1.3, the computational methods used is Finite Volume Method for Air.Supplementary explanation, Fig. 2 shows numerical simulation meters
The measuring and calculating flow of calculation, it will be understood that governing equation therein is mass-conservation equation, the conservation of energy that embodiment 1 is introduced
Equation and momentum conservation equation, wherein boundary condition and primary condition are estimation conditions parameter above-mentioned, and discrete equation is
The fundamental equation of two-equation turbulence model above-mentioned.
The concentration distribution numerical value obtained according to different entry conditions is described as follows：
Operating mode one (calm)：Under calm leakage situation, after liquefied hydrocarbon gases spray in tailstock direction, due to ground friction
The factors such as resistance influence, and form left and right Liang Ge glide paths branch.In 5s, 15s, 30s, 60s difference after leakage occurs
It carves, 50% explosion ratio lower limit is expanded to respectively apart from the position of the tailstock 28m, 70m, 100m, 140m；At the aforementioned corresponding moment,
Range of scatter on vehicle body both sides and short transverse is much smaller than tailstock direction always.
Visibly, it is in integrally long and narrow band-like diffusion close to the liquefied hydrocarbon gases in tailstock region, spreads the front end shape of gas cloud
At two substantially symmetric whirlpools.Due to the characteristics of Liquefied Hydrocarbon density is more than air, and diffusion way is in the diffusion of patch ground.Therefore,
Emergency measure in the case of calm should make the direction (i.e. tailstock direction) that crowd leaks far from gas as possible.
Operating mode two (+2m/s)：Under the tailwind conditions of 2m/s, diffusion of the liquefied hydrocarbon gases along tailstock direction is relatively fast.
Leakage occur after 5s, 15s, 30s, 60s different moments, 50% explosion ratio lower limit expand to respectively apart from tailstock 30m,
The position of 75m, 110m, 280m；At the aforementioned corresponding moment, the range of scatter on vehicle body both sides and short transverse is much smaller than always
Tailstock direction.
Visibly, gas is in integrally long and narrow band-like diffusion.Since Liquefied Hydrocarbon density ratio air is big, diffusion way is in patch ground
The characteristics of diffusion.It should be noted that the wind speed with the wind of 2m/s inhibits Liquefied Hydrocarbon in vertical direction and car body two to a certain extent
The diffusion of side direction.
Operating mode three (- 2m/s)：Under the conditions of the contrary wind of 2m/s, diffusion of the liquefied hydrocarbon gases along tailstock direction is relatively slow,
5s, 15s, 30s, 60s different moments after leakage occurs, 50% explosion ratio lower limit are expanded to respectively apart from tailstock portion
The position 25m, 45m, 70m, 90m；And the range of scatter in two side direction of vehicle body is wider, it is in that arc-shaped is spread to make gas integrally.
Different from situation with the wind, the contrary wind wind speed of 2m/s relatively significantly inhibits diffusion of the Liquefied Hydrocarbon gas cloud on tailstock direction, leakage
Liquefied Hydrocarbon heavy gas cloud out is constantly expanded in two side direction of tank car rear portion.
In conclusion concentration is maximum near leakage hole when small hole leaking, concentration wide range is substantially on the leeward at class
Like ellipse.With the progress of leakage, the relatively high concentration area of numerical value expands speed and becomes slow.In diffusion process, weight
Gas cloud can be acted on by the downward gravity in direction, be easy earthward to deposit.
Air wind environment has great influence can be inflammable to what is leaked out quickly when wind speed is larger Release and dispersion
Explosion hazard gases is diluted, and has inhibition to the gas leakage spread condition of vertical direction.As it can be seen that selection windward
It is to be effectively protected safe method to separate source of leaks.
There is toxic hazard since more nearby gas concentration is very big from source of leaks for the region of Release and dispersion；And compared with
It is then in explosion limit range at a distance, so emergency personnel can refer to the 50% lower explosion limit setting police of combustable gas concentration
Line is guarded against, forbids vehicle, personnel to pass through, avoids that serious consequence occurs.
In all examples being illustrated and described herein, any occurrence should be construed as merely illustrative, without
It is as limitation, therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiment can have different values.
It should be noted that：Similar label and letter indicate similar terms in following attached drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi
It is defined, then it further need not be defined and explained in subsequent attached drawing in a attached drawing.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot limitation of the scope of the invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution, which is characterized in that including：
A：Establish the 3-D geometric model of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device；
B：Mesh generation is carried out to the 3-D geometric model；
C：Estimation conditions parameter is set according to the Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device local environment state and leakage situation；
D：Numerical simulation calculation is carried out to Liquefied Hydrocarbon leakage diffusion zone concentration distribution using Fluent softwares, obtains Release and dispersion
Regional concentration distribution values.
2. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the estimation conditions parameter includes：The wind direction and wind speed of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device present position leak aperture, let out
Duration, speed and the direction of leakage, Liquefied Hydrocarbon relative air density and gas cloud gravity.
3. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the governing equation group of the numerical simulation calculation includes mass-conservation equation, energy conservation equation and momentum conservation equation.
4. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 3, feature
It is, the mass-conservation equation is as follows：
In formula, t is the time, and ρ is density, uiFor speed.
5. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 3, feature
It is, the energy conservation equation is as follows：
In formula, t is the time, and ρ is density, uiFor speed, P is pressure, and μ is dynamic viscosity, and ε is the dissipative shock wave of Turbulent Kinetic k.
6. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 3, feature
It is, the momentum conservation equation is as follows：
In formula, t is the time, and ρ is density, ui、ujFor speed, P is pressure, and μ is dynamic viscosity, and k is Turbulent Kinetic.
7. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the numerical model that the numerical simulation calculation uses is turbulence model, the computational methods of the numerical simulation calculation use
For Finite Volume Method for Air.
8. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 7, feature
It is, the turbulence model is zero equation turbulence model, single Equation Turbulence Model, two-equation turbulence model, four equation turbulent flow moulds
One kind in type or seven Equation Turbulence Models.
9. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 8, feature
It is, the fundamental equation of the two-equation turbulence model is as follows：
In formula, GkFor the Turbulent Kinetic that average velocity gradient generates, GbFor the Turbulent Kinetic that buoyancy effect generates, YMIt is compressible
Turbulence pulsation expands the influence to total dissipative shock wave, μtFor coefficient of eddy viscosity, ρ is gas density (kg/m3), t is time, C1ε、
C2ε、C3εTo give tacit consent to numerical constant, σkFor the turbulent prandtl number of Turbulent Kinetic k, σεFor the turbulent prandtl number of dissipative shock wave ε.
10. the measuring method of Liquefied Hydrocarbon storage device Release and dispersion regional concentration distribution according to claim 1, feature
It is, the mesh generation mode of the 3-D geometric model is all-hexahedral element mesh partitioning.
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