CN108344675A - Coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics rule under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted - Google Patents
Coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics rule under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 87
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
Coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted, belongs to geotechnical engineering field.Include the following steps：Select coal rock specimen；Coal rock specimen is mounted on for testing in the system of mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability, has debugged each equipment of system by the basic data for recording test specimen；The coal rock specimen crustal stress under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted is carried out to test specimen to restore and discharging swelling deformation simulated operation; the stage includes that crustal stress restores, is compressed axially, unloading compression swelling and stress recovery four-stage; the coal rock specimen mining induced stress Evolution Simulation operation under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted is carried out to test specimen, which includes hydrostatic pressure, the first unloading and the second unloading phase；According to compressible gas horizontal linearity steady seepage Darcy formula, the permeability size of different periods is calculated, the research of permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law is adopted suitable for coal body under the conditions of protective coat extracted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geotechnical engineering field, coal body adopts seepage force scholarship and moral conduct under the conditions of being related to a kind of simulation protective coat extracted
For the Experimental Method in Laboratory of rule.
Background technology
Under the conditions of protective coat extracted, Methane Transport in Coal Seam develops with the differentiation of mining induced stress and mining induced fissure and there are bright
Aobvious difference, relates generally to the correlative study in permeation fluid mechanics field.Permeation fluid mechanics is applied in hydraulic engineering, the purification of water
With the fields such as groundwater resources development, from the 1920s, permeation fluid mechanics is increasingly becoming oil and natural gas exploitation industry
Theoretical foundation.The end of the forties, the former Russian scholar application Darcy's law --- linear seepage law describe gas in coal seam
Flowing, and the gas porous flow problem for considering gas adsorption property is had studied in a creative way.The sixties, Zhou Shining etc. is from permeation fluid mechanics
Angle is set out, it is assumed that the flowing of gas is regarded the coal seam of porous media in a kind of large scale as substantially conforming to Darcy's law
The virtual continuous media of even distribution, it is proposed that China's Gas Flow is managed in " linear Gas Flow is theoretical ", this theoretical proposition
The research of opinion has extremely deep effect.In the 1980s, the research of Gas Flow theory tends to be active, mainly correct
With the mathematical model for improving Gas Flow, focus is the amendment to Gas Flow equation.Guo Yongyi combines similar with regard to one-dimensional case
Theory, in the research for having studied the complete solution of Gas Flow equation, and pointing out Zhou Shining etc. between gas bearing capacity and pore pressure
The approximation of parabolic relation describes the isothermal adsorption amount of gas using Lang Gemiaoer equations, it is proposed that modified gas
Flow equation.Tan's academic research equation of gas state of gas, it is believed that more meet using gas actual gas state equation
It is practical, it is proposed that modified mine coal seam Seepage Equations of The Real Gas.Sun Peide on the basis of summarizing former achievements, into
One step amendment and the perfect Gas Flow mathematical model in homogeneous coal seam, while having developed the Gas Flow mathematics in heterogeneous coal seam
Model, and appliance computer has carried out numerical simulation comparative analysis on this basis, the results showed that：New linear Gas Flow model
Typical model bigger than domestic and international three more approaches reality.Remaining Chu Xin etc. thinks that the gas amount that seepage flow is participated in coal seam can only desorb
Partial amount, and establish gas porous flow governing equation under conditions of coal gas adsorption and desorption process completely reversibility.
With the development of computer, possibility is had become using the study of computer simulation gas Flow Field Distribution and evolutionary process,
This is also one of the main research means of current gas porous flow mechanics.Early in the 1980s, Wei Xiaolin, Li Yingjun are reported respectively
The Guangdong Province Dao Liao coal research and coal scientific research institution, Fushun applied computer research Gas Flow achievement, in conjunction with coal mine reality
Problem realizes numerical simulation to pressure distribution and its changes in flow rate in gas flow field for the first time with finite difference calculus (DEM), compared with
Successfully predict the gas pressure changing rule in gas flow field.Into after 21 century, researchers have carried out gas porous flow
Macro thin sight binding analysis, characteristics of seepage research under the conditions of visual research and multi- scenarios method.However, in the prior art, and
It does not study and considers that coal seam true mining induced stress environment under the influence of different mining types (disturbance) changes coal petrography penetrating power
Tremendous influence.
In addition, the specific aim Yu validity of gas pumping are the critical issue of coal and gas power phenomenon, core in underground mining
The heart is to be formed by anti-reflection property in theoretical and technology to Fracture Networks caused by adopting and be defined and analyze.Exploitation causes
High density, high unicom degree mining induced fissure, so that the permeability in coal seam is had occurred and sexually revise at all, however, there is presently no conjunctions
Suitable theory comes this anti-reflection mechanism of quantitative description and antireflective effect, does not more instruct the evaluation method and body of coal and gas power phenomenon
System can provide quantitative target and scientific method for the coal seam antireflective effect evaluation in coal and gas power phenomenon engineering.
Therefore, in order to fill up blank in the prior art, coal body adopts seepage force under the conditions of accurate announcement protective coat extracted
Behavior law is learned, is considering different mining type mining induced stress environmental evolutions and gas adsorption expansion coupling to damage
On the basis of issured coall influences, need to combine percolation hydraulic theory, using covering in anti-reflection rate theory quantitative analysis recovery process
The distribution and evolution of anti-reflection rate in rock and coal seam, coal body adopts permeation fluid mechanics behavior under the conditions of proposing a kind of simulation protective coat extracted
The Experimental Method in Laboratory of rule, this method can further consider on the basis of the studies above under the conditions of protective coat extracted
True stress environment when coal petrography is adopted under the conditions of protective coat extracted, is associated with engineering activity, carries out coal body and adopts seepage force
Learn the research of Behavior law.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in order to fill up the blank of the prior art, provide a kind of simulation guarantor indoors
Coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics rule under sheath mining conditions, and this method can simulate protective coat extracted Coal Under
True stress environment when rock is adopted, research coal body coal body adopt permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Coal body, which is adopted, under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted oozes
The test method for flowing Laws of Mechanics, includes the following steps：
A. coal rock specimen is selected；
B. the basic data for recording test specimen, coal rock specimen is mounted on for testing mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability
System in, debugged each equipment of system；
C. the coal rock specimen crustal stress under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted is carried out to test specimen to restore and discharging swelling deformation mould
Quasi- operation, specifically includes the following four stage：
C1. crustal stress Restoration stage：Initial field stress and vertical stress gradient are set, with certain loading speed according to pre-
If axis pressure and confining pressure ratio loading axis pressure and confining pressure, until confining pressure, axis pressure respectively reach initial confining pressure value, primitive axis pressure value；
C2. it is compressed axially the stage：To keep confining pressure constant, the increased load mode of axial compressive force is loaded, and is loaded onto
Axial stress reaches preset value；
C3. the release expansion stage：To keep the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3It is constant, reduce the unloading manner of confining pressure
It is unloaded, unloads the unloading of confining pressure rate until test piece deformation enters yielding stage with appropriate, wherein σ1For axis pressure, σ3To enclose
Pressure；
C4. the stress recovery stage：Reduce the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3While increase confining pressure, until confining pressure, axis
Pressure respectively reaches initial confining pressure value, primitive axis pressure value；
D. the coal rock specimen mining induced stress Evolution Simulation operation under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted is carried out to test specimen：
D1. the hydrostatic pressure stage：Setting starting vertical stress gradient and the corresponding design depth of burying, and hung down according to starting
Starting axis pressure is obtained to stress gradient and the corresponding design depth of burying, confining pressure is applied with loading speed appropriate, so that reaching
To default confining pressure and starting axis pressure, entire gas piping is vacuumized, same gas pressure then is applied to test specimen upper and lower side
Methane gas, until test specimen constancy of volume；
D2. the first unloading phase：With certain confining pressure unloding speed carry out unloading so that test specimen rock by hydrostatic pressure state by
It is gradually changed to axial stress coefficient of concentration K and is equal to the first coefficient value, i.e. the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3Increase and confining pressure σ3
The ratio between unloading is setting ratio, until reaching default first unloading axis pressure, default first unloading confining pressure, by going out for gas piping
Gas end starts to load after with the external world being connected, and keeps input end stress level constant in loading procedure, and continuously record gas pressure
Changes in flow rate；
D3. the second unloading phase：Setting is closely adopted face coal petrography confining pressure and is linearly distributed with the advance of the face, and confining pressure is kept to unload
Carry rate it is constant, the raised mode of axial stress speedup is unloaded so that axial stress coefficient of concentration K by the first coefficient value to
Unloading fracture occurs for test specimen, and it is the second coefficient value that axial stress coefficient of concentration K when unloading fracture, which occurs, for test specimen, and the second coefficient value is big
In the first coefficient value, i.e., axial deviatoric stress σ1- σ3Increase and lateral stress σ3The ratio between unloading is setting ratio, loads whole protect
Inlet pressure level constant is held, and continuously records gas pressure changes in flow rate；
E. according to compressible gas horizontal linearity steady seepage Darcy formula, the permeability that different periods are calculated is big
Small, calculation formula is as follows：
In formula, k indicates permeability, unit m2；, q is gas flow, unit m3/s；p0For the atmospheric pressure of measurement point
Power takes 0.101325MPa；A is the cross-sectional area of test specimen, unit m2；μ is the coefficient of kinetic viscosity of gas, and 20 DEG C of whens are taken as
1.087×10-5Pa·s；L is the length of test specimen, unit m；p1、p2Respectively watt of the gas pressure of air inlet and gas outlet
This pressure, unit MPa.
Further, the coal sample that coal rock specimen selects surface smooth in step A, a diameter of 47~51mm, ratio of height to diameter are (2
± 0.2) cylinder, test specimen two ends face nonparallelism are not more than 0.05mm, and test specimen upper and lower side diameter deviation is not more than 0.3mm.
Specifically, step B specifically includes following steps：
B1. the basic data of test specimen is recorded, and connects other equipment；
B2. test specimen is mounted on MTS rock mechanics to test in the triaxial chamber of system, after spraying heat shrinkage film to test specimen, is applied
Test specimen is fixed on weighted platform by load, and oil-filled and bleeding is carried out to triaxial chamber；
B3. gradually applying confining pressure to particular value and keeps confining pressure constant, then stablizes air pressure and fills methane, until test specimen body
Start to load load after product is constant；
B4. it uses xial feed to control, then uses circumferential deformation control again until residual strength shows, and backward three axis
Room is full of minerals silicone oil.
Further, it is carried out with constant rate in load and unloading operation, loading speed 3MPa/min, unloading speed
Rate is 1MPa/min.
Further, step D3 further includes after test reaches peak load, is guarantee test equipment safety, no longer reduces and encloses
Pressure continues to be loaded onto stopping after residual strength occurs in test specimen and tests.
Specifically, preset confining pressure and axial compression ratio are 1 in step C1:1, initial confining pressure value is γ H, wherein γ indicates to hold
Weight, unit KN/m3, H expression depth, unit m；Confining pressure and axial compression ratio are set in loading procedure in step D1 as 1:1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It is tested using the system for testing mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability
Operation, the system bulk is small, can be placed at the corresponding test operation of indoor realization, without coating silica gel in test specimen side wall, effectively
Short form test step, test method is easily operated, the coal rock specimen of selection can be positioned over rock mechanics examination in indoor progress
In check system, true stress environment when being adopted by coal petrography under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted loads coal petrography, obtains
Corresponding permeation data, to realize that coal body coal body adopts the research of permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law.The present invention is suitable for protection
Coal body adopts the research of permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law under layer mining conditions.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram used in the present invention for testing mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram used in the present invention for testing the system of mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability；
Fig. 3 is that protected seam premining stress simulates stress path figure in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is unloader test stress path in the present invention；
Wherein, 1 is air source tank, and 2-1 is the first pressure reducing valve, and 2-2 is the second pressure reducing valve, and 3-1 is the first valve, 3-2 the
Two valves, 3-3 are third valve, and 3-4 is the 4th valve, and 3-5 is the 5th valve, and 3-6 is the 6th valve, and 3-7 is the 7th valve,
4 be vacuum pump, and 5 heat control device for gas voltage stabilizing, and 6 be MTS confining pressure chambers, and 6-1 is test specimen, and 7-1 is first pressure meter, 7-2
For second pressure meter, 8-1 is first flowmeter, and 8-2 is second flowmeter, and 9 pump for gas boosting, and 10 be gas computer heating control
Device, 11-1 are first gas heating chamber, and 11-2 is second gas heating chamber, and 12- high-pressure gas reaction kettles, 13 compress for air
Machine, 14 be pressure gauge.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, detailed description of the present invention technical solution.
Coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics rule under the conditions of the simulation protective coat extracted of the application, is based on open
Number be CN104374684A, it is entitled《System for testing mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability and its application》Patent
The system of test mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability in application, in the reference numeral used i.e. patent application, this skill
Attached drawing 1 in art scheme is drawn based on the patent application.
It is entitled using Publication No. CN104374684A《It is for test mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability
System and its application》Patent application in test mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability system, carry out protective coat extracted item
Coal body adopts the simulation of permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law laboratory test under part.The system for testing mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability
Adopt the anti-reflection test platform of release.Test mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability system in MTS confining pressure chambers be
A part in MTS815 Flex Text GT rock mechanics test systems,
As shown in Figure 1, the system of existing test mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability includes MTS815Flex Text
GT rock mechanics tests system and matched gas flow control unit, and gas flow control unit includes gas supply
System, gas voltage stabilizing heat control system, measuring system and pipeline vacuum-control(led) system.Gas supply system include air source tank and
First pressure reducing valve, filled with high pressure gas in air source tank；The vacuum-control(led) system of pipeline includes vacuum pump and the first valve, the second valve
Door and corresponding pipeline；Measuring system includes flowmeter, pressure gauge and respective valves, can also include computer and data acquisition note
Recording device, furthermore, it is possible to connect manually recorded data and and carry out data processing.
The MTS815Flex Text GT rock mechanics test system that this experiment uses includes that sound emission three-dimensional localization is adopted
Collect unit, program-controlled collecting unit, ultrasonic excitation collecting unit, Master Control Unit, high-temperature control unit and loading unit, load is single
Member is for loading axis pressure, confining pressure and changes osmotic pressure.The MTS815 rock mechanics comprehensive experimental systems examination selected in this example
It is as follows to test loading technique index：
(1) statics is tested：Axial peak load：4600kN (compression), 2300kN (stretching)；Axial stroke：100mm；
Confining pressure：140Mpa；Pore pressure：140MPa；Pore pressure pressure difference 30Mpa；Temperature：Room temperature~200 DEG C；
(2) dynamic test：Vibration frequency：Maximum reaches 5Hz or more；Vibrational waveform：Sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, tiltedly
Wave, random wave；Phase difference：0~2 π is arbitrarily set；
Measuring technique index is：
(1) xial feed：0~4600kN (compression), 0~250kN (stretching)；
(2) axial displacement：0~100mm (± 50mm)；
(3) axial strain：(uniaxial and triaxial test)；
(4) transverse strain：(uniaxial and triaxial test)；
(5) confining pressure：0~140MPa；
(6) temperature：Room temperature~200 DEG C；
(7) pore pressure：0~140MPa；
(8) hole pressure difference：0~30MPa；
(9) permeability：10-4~5 × 10-8DC；
(10) body becomes：>100ml.
The key technical indexes of gas flow control unit is as follows：Gas pore pressure applies range：0.1~20MPa；Outside
Portion's air source heats range：Room temperature~70 DEG C；Gas gauge：0.1~30MPa；Gas flowmeter：10mL/min~5000mL/
min。
Adopting the anti-reflection test platform of release can complete to survey with the relevant every mechanical test of gas flow and multinomial acoustics
Trial work is made.In the course of work, axial and circumferential load is provided by MTS815 test systems, measures and record deformation, sound emission etc.
Data provide constant temperature voltage stabilizing gas flow environment, Gas seepage pressure and data on flows and deformation by gas flow control system
Data synchronize detection record.The main operational principle of test platform is as shown in Figure 2.
Coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted, specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
1, coal rock specimen is selected：
Selected coal rock specimen, that is, coal sample, also referred to as sample, it is according to national standard to test coal sample used《Coal and rock
Stone physico-mechanical properties assay method-part 1：Sample general provision》In regulation and live mining area real work situation into
What row was chosen, the coal sample selected in this example picks up from Sichuan Province lotus mining area and Shanxi Province with coal tunnel passing through solution cavity in Taishan mine respectively.Lotus mining area
Coal sample is derived from white clear and bright coal mine 1#~4#Coal seam, coal quality are sulfur-rich anthracite, and 300~450m of buried depth, acquisition mode is fully mechanized mining or big gun
It adopts, stratum is Xuanwei group second segment P2X2, the mine has gas control problem more outstanding in production practices.Tunnel passing through solution cavity in Taishan mine coal sample takes
From 8202 working face of mine, working face coal bed texture is complicated, and sample point buried depth is about 500m, the direction of strata substantially north by east 30
~45 °, it is inclined to northwest (NW), inclination angle is 4 ° average.Coal seam average layer thickness 11.17m.
According to national standard《Coal and physical-mechanical properties of rock assay method》The regulation of the 5th chapter of 7th part, test coal
It is that (2 ± 0.2) are considered as when ratio of height to diameter is less than 2 to test result that sample, which uses the cylinder of a diameter of 47~51mm, ratio of height to diameter,
Influence；Test specimen two ends face nonparallelism should be not more than 0.05mm；Test specimen upper and lower side diameter deviation should not exceed 0.3mm；Test specimen
Surface is answered smooth, and avoids the stress concentration phenomenon generated by irregular surface.Sample essential information is referring to Tables 1 and 2, coal
Sample Industrial Analysis, element and ensaying acquire the completion of sample coal body powder.It is first to all certified reference coal Unified numbers in text
Letter indicates that test simulation mining type information, i.e. protective coat extracted (Protective Coal-seam Mining, PCM) are right
It is gas pressure grade to answer P, sandwich digit, and end number is sample serial number, for example, P-2-2 indicates protective coat extracted mould
Quasi- 2MPa second sample of draught head.
The white clear and bright pit coal sample physical property statistic summary table of table 1
2 tunnel passing through solution cavity in Taishan mine coal sample physical property statistic summary table of table
Front dump compression swelling is adopted to coal petrography mechanical characteristic and penetrating power for comparative study protective coat extracted mode protected seam
The influencing mechanism of evolution, can design P-0-1 and P-2-1 coal samples do not carry out adopt before release test, directly carry out and adopt dynamics examination
Simulation is tested, as a control group, provides Data Comparison Analysis test result.Since different mining area coal sample difference are larger, dividing
It is distinguish when analysis.
2, it installs and debugs：
(1) basic data of test specimen is recorded, basic data includes sample dimensions data, such as the height of test specimen, radius etc.,
And connect other equipment；
(2) test specimen is mounted on MTS rock mechanics to test in the triaxial chamber of system, heat shrinkage film is sprayed to it.Triaxial chamber is
MTS confining pressures chamber 6 in Fig. 1 sprays 2 layers of heat shrinkage film to enhance spraying effect, is fixed on test specimen by applying 2kN loads
On the forcing press of weighted platform, oil-filled and bleeding then is carried out to triaxial chamber.Gradually apply by the speed of 3MPa/min and encloses
It is depressed into 12MPa (corresponding sample depth 500m stress levels)；During oil-filled and application confining pressure, air inlet pipeline is taken out true
Sky about 60min.Apply confining pressure and keep confining pressure constant, it is 2MPa's then to be pumped to air inlet pipeline charged pressure by gas boosting
Methane gas, and stablize air pressure and start to load after the constancy of volume of test specimen.Finally, it is controlled, is loaded using xial feed
Rate is 30kN/min, then is controlled using circumferential deformation, is loaded according to the speed of circumferential deformation 0.08mm/min, until remaining strong
Degree shows.Fall three axocoels completely later, fixing bolt is full of minerals silicone oil, subsequently to apply confining pressure to triaxial chamber.
Load whole process can also use high-precision flowmeter and pressure gauge, to inlet and outlet flow and pore pressure data into
Row test.In order to ensure to measure the accuracy of data on flows, can be unloaded using mechanical flowmeter to being used to test mining active process
Electronic flowmeter in the system of lotus coal and rock permeability is checked.After peak load, continue release to more than setting
Test gas pressure value such as 3MPa can stop testing, during which continuance test data on flows.Due to confining pressure that test specimen is applied compared with
Greatly, heat shrinkage film contacts well with test specimen side, and no side wall overflows gaseous phenomena, therefore whether in test specimen side smearing layer of silica gel
Influence to coal sample Penetration Signature under the conditions of different gas pressures is little, therefore, silicon is not smeared in test specimen side during experiment
Glue, effective short form test step.
Experiment air pressure is divided into 3 grades, i.e. 0.5MPa, 1MPa and 2MPa, and two test specimens, specimen coding and base are tested in every grade of air pressure
This information is shown in Table 1.
3, under the conditions of protective coat extracted coal body adopt permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law simulation laboratory test operation, specifically include with
Lower step：
(1) the coal rock specimen crustal stress recovery under the conditions of protective coat extracted and discharging swelling deformation simulated operation
For protective coat extracted condition, need to carry out crustal stress recovery and discharging swelling deformation simulated operation to coal sample first,
Test process coal sample stress recovery and is unloaded compression swelling loading scheme and sees Fig. 3 using axial stress and circumferential deformation as Con trolling index.
The Load-unload process simulation can be divided into the following four stage and be described：
(a) crustal stress Restoration stage：Stage effect is to restore coal body virgin state of stress, it is assumed that initial field stress is quiet
Water pressure, vertical stress gradient can be adjusted according to actual tests situation, and vertical stress gradient is that 25kPa/m (is vertically answered in this example
Force gradient size is equal to unit weight), correspond to the OA ' sections in Fig. 3, is pressed according to axis with loading speed appropriate and confining pressure ratio is 1
Load mode is loaded, until confining pressure, axis pressure are respectively γ H, that is, reaches A ' (γ H, γ H), wherein γ indicates unit weight, single
Position is KN/m3, H expression depth, unit m.In order to ensure to load effect, select loading speed for 3MPa/min herein；
(b) it is compressed axially the stage：The stage is that protected seam is compressed axially the expansion stage under simulation protective coat extracted, corresponding
A ' B ' sections in Fig. 3, confining pressure is constant and the increased load mode of axial compressive force is loaded to keep, and loading speed can take
Other values,.In general the slower loading speed the better, but required experimental period is longer, so loading speed is usually
Under the premise of not influencing experimental result, The faster the better, and preferably axially loading speed is 30kN/min in this example, is loaded onto axial direction
Stress reaches 1.5 γ H, that is, reaches B ' (1.5 γ H, γ H)；
(c) the release expansion stage：The stage is the simulation protected seam circumferential direction release expansion stage, corresponds to the B ' in Fig. 3
C ' sections, to keep the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3Constant, the unloading manner for reducing confining pressure is unloaded, and is unloaded with appropriate
Confining pressure rate such as 3MPa/min is offloaded to coal sample and deforms into yielding stage, and the coordinate of C ' is unable to quantification, and various sample has
Small place variation；
(d) the stress recovery stage：Rock stratum compression process again is deformed after step simulations protected seam off-load expansion, it is right
C ' A ' sections in Fig. 3 are answered, in the difference σ for reducing axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3While increase confining pressure, until A points stress level in Fig. 3,
Confining pressure loading speed is specifically determined according to different tests situation in loading procedure, and confining pressure loading speed is 3MPa/min in this example.
(2) coal body mining induced stress Evolution Simulation is tested under the conditions of protective coat extracted
Coal body generally experienced from the stress of primary rock in mining process, arrive the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3It increases and encloses
Press σ3Successively decrease (unloading), until the complete stress variation process of destruction.Therefore, in this experiment, simulation working face is in different exploitations
Under the conditions of mode, test specimen arrives the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure from the stress of primary rock1- σ3It increases and confining pressure σ3Successively decrease (unloading), directly
To the complete stress variation process of destruction.Consider that there are gas bearings in coal seam and drafts examination as shown in Figure 4 for the actual condition
Proved recipe case probes into mining type to the influence in terms of mechanical property of coal seam, failure mechanism and percolation ability evolution, the simulation process
Following three phases can be divided into be described：
(a) the hydrostatic pressure stage：It is (false to 25MPa to apply hydrostatic confining pressure pressure with loading speed appropriate such as 3MPa/min
If vertical stress gradient is 25kPa/m, corresponding design buried depth about 1000m), i.e. OA section in Fig. 4, set in loading procedure confining pressure with
Axial compression ratio is 1:1；For the simulation test specimen for considering gas bearing condition, after reaching default confining pressure pressure, to coal sample upstream and downstream
Pipeline carries out vacuum pumping, and the pumpdown time is 30 minutes, then applies identical gas pressure in coal sample upper and lower side, allows coal
Sample is saturated methane adsorption, and adsorption time is depending on coal sample adsorbs deformation, until coal sample constancy of volume；
(b) the first unloading phase：Mining influence initial segment is simulated, coal petrography is gradually changed to axial by hydrostatic pressure state and answered
Power coefficient of concentration K is equal to 1.5, to realize ambient stress of the simulation rock under true mining environment, i.e., coal sample axial stress with
The difference σ of confining pressure1- σ3Increase and confining pressure σ3The ratio between unloading is 2.25:AB sections in 1, i.e. Fig. 4, confining pressure unloding speed root in experiment
Depending on specific test situation, confining pressure unloding speed is 1MPa/min in this example, i.e. rock sample is unloaded by A points, and confining pressure is unloaded
Lotus rate is 1MPa/min, while being loaded onto B points with the deviatoric stress loading speed of 2.25MPa/min.For consideration gas bearing
The simulation coal sample of condition starts to load before on-test after coal sample outlet side is connected air, that is, starts simulation coal petrography and adopt
Influence to gas permeation keeps input end stress level constant in loading procedure, and continuously records gas pressure changes in flow rate.
(c) the second unloading phase：With the advance of the face, it is assumed that it closely adopts face coal petrography confining pressure and is linearly distributed, confining pressure unloading
The case where rate is constant, and roof weighting (i.e. axial stress) speedup increases, the corresponding factor of stress concentration are unloaded by 1.5 to coal petrography
It carries and destroys, preset axially different loading speed, corresponding coal petrography factor of stress concentration when destroying is equal to 2.0, i.e., axial deviatoric stress
(σ1- σ3) increase and lateral stress (σ3) unloading the ratio between be 2.25:1, BC sections in corresponding diagram 4, the three kinds of exploitations of corresponding protective layer
Under the conditions of working face nearby coal body experience mining induced stress Evolution Simulation path；Load is whole to keep input end stress level permanent
It is fixed, and continuously record gas pressure changes in flow rate, that is, record the gas pressure p of the gas pressure and gas outlet of air inlet1, p2。
4, data processing and test result analysis
It is set based on the test test condition, related data is recorded, utilizes compressible gas horizontal linearity steady seepage darcy
Formula, is calculated the permeability size of different periods, and calculation formula is as follows：
K indicates permeability, m in formula2；p0For the atmospheric pressure of measurement point, 0.101325MPa is taken；A is the cross section of test specimen
Product, m2；μ is the viscosity coefficient of gas, and 20 DEG C of whens are taken as 1.087 × 10-5Pa·s；L is the length of test specimen, m；p1, p2For air inlet
The gas pressure of the gas pressure and gas outlet of mouth, MPa.
Based on above-mentioned data, coal body adopts permeation fluid mechanics Behavior law under the conditions of analysis obtains simulation protective coat extracted.
Further, it is also possible to which step 2-4 is repeated several times, repeatedly measure, to improve the accuracy of result.
After completing experiment, dismantles and place each equipment.
Claims (6)
1. coal body adopts the test method of permeation fluid mechanics rule under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted, which is characterized in that including following
Step：
A. coal rock specimen is selected；
B. the basic data for recording test specimen, coal rock specimen is mounted on for test mining active process off-load coal and rock permeability is
In system, each equipment of system has been debugged；
C. the coal rock specimen crustal stress under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted is carried out to test specimen to restore and discharging swelling deformation simulation behaviour
Make, specifically includes the following four stage：
C1. crustal stress Restoration stage：Initial field stress and vertical stress gradient are set, with certain loading speed according to preset
Axis is pressed and confining pressure ratio loading axis is pressed and confining pressure, until confining pressure, axis pressure respectively reach initial confining pressure value, primitive axis pressure value；
C2. it is compressed axially the stage：To keep confining pressure constant, the increased load mode of axial compressive force is loaded, and axial direction is loaded onto
Stress reaches preset value；
C3. the release expansion stage：To keep the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3Constant, the unloading manner for reducing confining pressure carries out
Unloading unloads the unloading of confining pressure rate until test piece deformation enters yielding stage, wherein σ with appropriate1For axis pressure, σ3For confining pressure；
C4. the stress recovery stage：Reduce the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3While increase confining pressure, until confining pressure, axis pressure point
Do not reach initial confining pressure value, primitive axis pressure value；
D. the coal rock specimen mining induced stress Evolution Simulation operation under the conditions of simulation protective coat extracted is carried out to test specimen：
D1. the hydrostatic pressure stage：Setting starting vertical stress gradient and the corresponding design depth of burying, and answered according to starting is vertical
Force gradient and the corresponding design depth of burying obtain starting axis pressure, apply confining pressure with loading speed appropriate, so that reaching pre-
If confining pressure and starting axis pressure, vacuumize entire gas piping, then apply the methane of same gas pressure to test specimen upper and lower side
Gas, until test specimen constancy of volume；
D2. the first unloading phase：Unloading is carried out so that test specimen rock is gradually become by hydrostatic pressure state with certain confining pressure unloding speed
Change to axial stress coefficient of concentration K and is equal to the first coefficient value, i.e. the difference σ of axial stress and confining pressure1- σ3Increase and confining pressure σ3Unloading
The ratio between be setting ratio, until reaching default first unloading axis pressure, default first unloading confining pressure, by the outlet side of gas piping
Start to load after with the external world being connected, keep input end stress level constant in loading procedure, and continuously records gas pressure flow
Variation；
D3. the second unloading phase：Setting is closely adopted face coal petrography confining pressure and is linearly distributed with the advance of the face, keeps confining pressure unloading speed
Rate is constant, and the raised mode of axial stress speedup is unloaded so that axial stress coefficient of concentration K is by the first coefficient value to test specimen
Occur unloading fracture, it is the second coefficient value that axial stress coefficient of concentration K when unloading fracture, which occurs, for test specimen, and the second coefficient value is more than the
One coefficient value, i.e., axial deviatoric stress σ1- σ3Increase and lateral stress σ3Unloading the ratio between be setting ratio, load whole process keep into
Outlet pressure level constant, and continuously record gas pressure changes in flow rate；
E. according to compressible gas horizontal linearity steady seepage Darcy formula, the permeability size of different periods is calculated, counts
It is as follows to calculate formula：
In formula, k indicates permeability, unit m2；, q is gas flow, unit m3/s；p0For the atmospheric pressure of measurement point, take
0.101325MPa；A is the cross-sectional area of test specimen, unit m2；μ is the coefficient of kinetic viscosity of gas, and 20 DEG C of whens are taken as 1.087
×10-5Pa·s；L is the length of test specimen, unit m；p1、p2The respectively gas pressure of the gas pressure of air inlet and gas outlet
Power, unit MPa.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the coal sample that coal rock specimen selects surface smooth in step A, diameter
For 47~51mm, the cylinder that ratio of height to diameter is (2 ± 0.2), test specimen two ends face nonparallelism is not more than 0.05mm, test specimen upper and lower side
Diameter deviation is not more than 0.3mm.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step B specifically includes following steps：
B1. the basic data of test specimen is recorded, and connects other equipment；
B2. test specimen is mounted on MTS rock mechanics to test in the triaxial chamber of system, after spraying heat shrinkage film to test specimen, is further applied load
Test specimen is fixed on weighted platform, oil-filled and bleeding is carried out to triaxial chamber；
B3. gradually apply confining pressure to particular value and keep confining pressure constant, then stablize air pressure filling methane, until test specimen volume not
Start to load load after change；
B4. it uses xial feed to control, then uses circumferential deformation control again until residual strength shows, and backward triaxial chamber fills
Full minerals silicone oil.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that carried out, added with constant rate in load and unloading operation
Load rate is 3MPa/min, rate of debarkation 1MPa/min.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step D3 further includes after test reaches peak load, to ensure
Testing equipment safety, no longer reduces confining pressure, continues to be loaded onto stopping after residual strength occurs in test specimen and tests.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that preset confining pressure and axial compression ratio are 1 in step C1:1, initially enclose
Pressure value is γ H, wherein γ indicates unit weight, unit KN/m3, H expression depth, unit m；In loading procedure in step D1
Confining pressure and axial compression ratio are set as 1:1.
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Application publication date: 20180731 |