CN108342323B - Dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as carbon source and application thereof - Google Patents

Dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as carbon source and application thereof Download PDF

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CN108342323B
CN108342323B CN201810283248.1A CN201810283248A CN108342323B CN 108342323 B CN108342323 B CN 108342323B CN 201810283248 A CN201810283248 A CN 201810283248A CN 108342323 B CN108342323 B CN 108342323B
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迟占有
席一梅
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Abstract

The invention discloses a dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source and application thereof, in particular to a dunaliella culture medium using bicarbonate as a unique carbon source and a dunaliella culture method using the same, wherein the culture medium optimization comprises calcium and magnesium ion optimization and trace element optimization. The Dunaliella culture medium can provide a carbon source used in Dunaliella to ensure the growth of the Dunaliella, and simultaneously, sodium bicarbonate is used as the carbon source to improve the accumulation of beta-carotene in the Dunaliella salina, more importantly, the bicarbonate is used as the carbon source to maintain the pH in the culture system in a range beneficial to the growth of the Dunaliella salina so as to improve the growth speed of the Dunaliella salina but not to cause the death of the cultured Dunaliella salina due to overhigh pH.

Description

Dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as carbon source and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microalgae biology, in particular to a dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source, a microalgae culture method, application of inducing beta-carotene by using microalgae and the like.
Background
Dunaliella salina is also called Dunaliella salina, is a salt-tolerant eukaryotic green alga, and accumulates a large amount of beta-carotene in chloroplasts in cells in the form of lipid globules under environmental stress conditions (high light intensity, temperature stress, nutritional stress and heavy metal stimulation), so that the whole cells are orange red, and therefore, the Dunaliella salina is considered as a model organism for researching the biological resistance to growth and carotenoid anabolism. Beta-carotene is a natural antioxidant, mainly applied to the aspects of nutrition, medicine, cosmetics, food and the like, and Dunaliella salina has been used by a plurality of countries and regions (Israel, Australia, China, America, Mexico and the like) to produce algae powder with high content of beta-carotene and natural beta-carotene since the eighties of the twentieth century. The outstanding functional efficacy and the idea that people increasingly seek health make beta-carotene have great market demand.
Carbon typically comprises 50% of the dry weight of microalgal biomass, where carbon transmission is important for efficient culture of microalgae and development of photobioreactors. In the current commercial culture system, carbon dioxide gas is usually supplied as inorganic carbon, and the aeration mode causes many problems to the design and operation of the photobioreactor, resulting in higher production cost of the dunaliella salina. Wherein, compressed gas containing carbon dioxide is introduced into the photobioreactors through bubbling, a bubbling ventilation pipeline system is required to be installed for each photobioreactor, which is difficult to realize in the large-scale culture process, and the bubbling ventilation systems of a huge number of photobioreactors require very complicated ventilation pipelines, so that the manufacturing cost of each reactor and the construction cost of a main ventilation pipeline are increased to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the production cost of producing beta-carotene by using dunaliella salina is also greatly increased. In this case, bicarbonate is a better way to supply carbon because bicarbonate is not only easy to transport and store, but also high concentrations of bicarbonate are good pH buffers to maintain a constant pH in the culture system.
Meanwhile, unlike the use of carbon dioxide as a carbon source, the use of sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source poses a challenge in that high concentrations of calcium ions and magnesium ions precipitate with carbonate. When microalgae are cultivated with bicarbonate as a carbon source, the pH rises, thereby producing carbonate, and when the pH is too high, precipitation of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate is formed. Although pH adjustment can avoid this problem, it is not practically feasible to regulate pH in real time in large-scale culture. Therefore, when bicarbonate is used as the inorganic carbon, careful control of the calcium ion and magnesium ion concentrations in the initial medium is required, and these parameters are not provided by the prior art.
When bicarbonate is used as a carbon source for the growth of dunaliella salina, the physiological response of algal cells to the carbon source is different from that of carbon dioxide, and the demand of dunaliella salina cells for nutrient elements is also different from that of the dunaliella salina cells using carbon dioxide as the carbon source. More importantly, when bicarbonate is used as an inorganic carbon source, the effect of various elements in the culture medium on the growth of dunaliella salina cells and the accumulation of beta-carotene is different from that when gaseous carbon dioxide is used. Therefore, the concentrations of the various elements in the medium must be specifically optimized for the case of using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source, and the concentrations in the case of using carbon dioxide as a carbon source cannot be used.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention discloses a culture medium formula for culturing Dunaliella by using bicarbonate as a carbon source. Calcium and magnesium ions are provided at optimized concentrations to prevent precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonate during cell culture. In addition, the concentration of trace elements is specifically optimized for the bicarbonate culture process, rather than moving toward the carbon dioxide culture process, because the cell growth requirements are not the same when different carbon sources are utilized. By using the technology, the microalgae culture cost can be reduced, and the dunaliella can be cultured and the carotene can be produced more efficiently.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source, which can realize culture of dunaliella by using sodium bicarbonate as a unique carbon source and using the sodium bicarbonate to provide the carbon source. Wherein the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 25-500mmol/L, more preferably 100-300mmol/L, still more preferably 100-200mmol/L, most preferably 200 mmol/L. The invention utilizes the sodium bicarbonate as the carbon source, and simultaneously utilizes the sodium bicarbonate to improve the pH buffer capacity in the culture system, so that the value in the culture system is kept in a reasonable range to improve the growth rate of the dunaliella:
in the technical scheme, the concentration of calcium ions in the culture medium of the Dunaliella tertiolecta by using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source is preferably 0.1-3.0 mmol/L; the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.05-5.0 mmol/L.
In the above technical solution, the Dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as carbon source preferably has a calcium ion concentration of 0.1-1.8mmoL/L and a magnesium ion concentration of 0.1-3.0 mmoL/L; most preferably, the calcium ion concentration is 0.3mmol/L, and most preferably, the magnesium ion concentration is 0.6 mmol/L.
For the technical scheme described above, the dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as carbon source preferably has the following components and concentrations: NaCl 0.5-3.0mol/L, NaHCO3 100-300mmoL/L,KNO3 10-100mmoL/L,K2HPO40.13-0.26 mmoL/L. Further preferred concentrations are respectively: NaCl 1.5-2.0mol/L, NaHCO3100-200mmoL/L,KNO3 50-80mmoL/L,K2HPO4 0.15-0.20mmoL/L
In the above technical solution, the dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source preferably further includes trace elements that significantly affect the growth of dunaliella, and the concentrations thereof are as follows: fe2+2.7-4.9mg/L,Co2+0.19-0.38mg/L,NaVO30.09-0.18 mg/L. Further preferred concentrations are respectively: fe2+2.7-3.5mg/L,Co2+0.19-0.30mg/L,NaVO3 0.12-0.15mg/L。
In the above technical solution, the dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source preferably further comprises the following trace elements at the respective concentrations: na (Na)2EDTA 0.02mmoL/L,H3BO3 5.72-11.44mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.14-0.28mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.13-0.25mg/L,MnCl2·4H2O 0.99-1.98mg/L,NaMoO4·2H2O0.24-0.48 mg/L. Further preferred concentrations are respectively: na (Na)2EDTA 0.02mmoL/L,H3BO38.58-11.44mg/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.14-0.21mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O 0.13-0.20mg/L,MnCl2·4H2O1.49-1.98mg/L,NaMoO4·2H2O 0.24-0.48mg/L
Another aspect of the invention is to disclose the use of the culture medium as described above for the culture of Dunaliella and the production of beta-carotene. The invention provides a microalgae culture method, and a culture method for biomass accumulation and beta-carotene accumulation by using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source.
The culture medium of the invention is widely applicable to any Dunaliella. In the embodiment of the invention, the Dunaliella salina is specifically selected, and the microalgae has good tolerance to high-concentration sodium salt.
The application of the invention also comprises the step of culturing the Dunaliella by using the artificial seawater culture medium, wherein the culturing condition is 25-28 ℃, the illumination intensity is 3000-12000 Lux, the illumination time is 12 h/day, the shaking culture of a flat-plate reactor is carried out by shaking, and the rotating speed of the shaking bed is 50 rpm.
The data according to the examples of the present invention demonstrate that in the presence of 200mmol/L sodium bicarbonate, 0.3mmol/L calcium ion, and 0.6mmol/L, Fe magnesium ion concentration2+Concentration of 2.7mg/L, Co2+Concentration of 0.38mg/L, NaVO3The dunaliella salina is cultured under the optimal culture condition with the concentration of 0.18mg/L, the biomass can be obtained to reach 0.71g/L, and the beta-carotene with the content of up to 4.52 percent can be accumulated, which proves that the dunaliella salina can be cultured by effectively utilizing the sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source to produce the beta-carotene.
Has the advantages that:
1. the culture method adopts 200mmol/L sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source, which proves that the Dunaliella algae can be tolerated, the range can not only provide sufficient carbon source, but also play a good role in pH buffering, the pH can not rise to an excessively high range, and the death of microalgae cells caused by excessively high pH is avoided.
2. The invention provides the optimized calcium and magnesium ion concentration, and avoids the precipitation of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate caused by the increase of pH when bicarbonate is used as a carbon source.
3. When the bicarbonate system is used as a carbon source of the Dunaliella, other nutrient components in the system can be correspondingly changed, so that trace elements in the culture system are optimized, and the optimal concentration of the trace elements in the bicarbonate system is found.
4. According to the method for culturing the dunaliella, the bicarbonate is used as the carbon source, so that the carbon source required by the growth of the dunaliella is provided, the difficulty in manufacturing a reactor and the high cost caused by the complicated ventilation system due to the bubbling carbon source providing mode are avoided, and the problem of high energy consumption of ventilation can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the change in pH of Dunaliella salina at various sodium bicarbonate concentrations;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the cell number change of Dunaliella salina at different sodium bicarbonate concentrations;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in dry weight and beta-carotene content of Dunaliella salina at different sodium bicarbonate concentrations;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the cell number of Dunaliella salina at different concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change of dry weight and beta-carotene content of Dunaliella salina according to the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions;
FIG. 6 response surface analysis of the effect of different trace elements on the dry weight and carotene content of Dunaliella salina; wherein, FIG. 6a is a response surface analysis chart of the influence of trace elements on the dry weight of Dunaliella salina; FIG. 6b is a graph of response surface analysis of trace elements on the effect of carotene in Dunaliella salina.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by reference to the following examples, which are illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Numerous variations and modifications of the invention herein disclosed may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
The detection methods used in the following examples 1 to 6 were as follows:
centrifuging Dunaliella salina (Dunaliella salina) in logarithmic growth for 5-10min at 8000-.
The density of the cells of Dunaliella salina was determined by counting the cells once a day from the day of culture. The specific method for counting the cells comprises the following steps: taking 10-20 μ L of Dunaliella salina solution, adding 1-2 μ L of potassium iodide for fixation, dripping onto blood counting plate, and counting under microscope.
The method for measuring the dry weight of the algae cells comprises the following steps: accurately measuring 40mL of algae solution, centrifuging at 10000rpm for 10 minutes to collect algae cells, measuring 40mL of 10g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution to wash the collected algae cells, and repeating the steps for three times. And finally, adding the collected algae cells into 5mL of sodium chloride aqueous solution, drying at 105 ℃ until the mass is constant, weighing the mass of the algae cells by using a precision analytical balance, and calculating the dry weight of the microalgae.
The determination of the content of the beta-carotene is performed by sampling from the culture time 1-7d of the dunaliella salina. The method for measuring the content of the beta-carotene comprises the following steps: 10mg of dry biomass was extracted with 1mL of acetone, vortexed for 20s, sonicated for 5min, and then centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10 min. The extraction was repeated twice until colorless. Then the volume was adjusted to 5mL with acetone. The extract was passed through a 0.45 μm pore size (PTFE) membrane syringe filter (1.7 cm)2) And (5) filtering. All extracts were treated using amber glass bottles with light-tight screw caps to avoid carotenoid degradation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Agilent, 1100) was used for β -carotene analysis. The mobile phase consisted of 10% acetonitrile, 90% methanol. The flow rate was 1Ml/min and the detection wavelength was 452 nm. Additionally, standards for beta-carotene were purchased from Sigma.
The concentration of the acetone solution is 90-100%, and the addition amount of the acetone solution is 5 ml.
Example 1 culture of Dunaliella salina and addition of NaHCO at various concentrations3Effect on the pH of Dunaliella salina
Preparation and addition of NaHCO with different concentrations3The concentration of the artificial seawater culture medium is respectively set to be 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500mmol/L, and the Dunaliella salina is added according to 20 x 104Inoculating cell/mL into artificial seawater culture medium, culturing Dunaliella salina at 25 deg.C under illumination intensity of 10000Lux, LED light source and illumination time of 12 h/day to detect NaHCO with different concentrations3Influence on the growth pH of Dunaliella salina.
The change in pH of the medium was measured daily, as shown in FIG. 1, and the results were analyzed for NaHCO3When the adding concentration is 500mmol/L, the pH value in the dunaliella salina culture medium is the lowest at 7d and is 9.7; NaHCO 23Under the condition of the addition concentration of 25mmol/L, the pH value in the dunaliella salina culture medium is highest at 7d and can reach 10.3. We found by experiment that NaHCO3The higher the concentration, the better the buffering effect on pH, in this experiment, 500mmol/L NaHCO3The concentration has the best buffering effect on the pH, and the pH value does not exceed 10 after 7d of culture.
Example 2 addition of varying concentrations of NaHCO3Influence on the cell biomass and beta-carotene accumulation of Dunaliella salina
Preparation and addition of NaHCO with different concentrations3The concentration of the artificial seawater culture medium is respectively set to be 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500mmol/L, and the Dunaliella salina is added according to 20 x 104Inoculating cell/mL into artificial seawater culture medium, culturing Dunaliella salina at 25 deg.C under illumination intensity of 10000Lux, LED light source and illumination time of 12 h/day to detect NaHCO with different concentrations3Influence on the accumulation of the biomass of the dunaliella salina.
The change in the number and dry weight of algal cells was measured every day as shown in FIG. 2, and the result analysis, NaHCO, was performed3When the adding concentration is 200mmol/L, the 7 th cell number of the dunaliella salina cells is the highest and is 150 ten thousand cells/ml; as shown in FIG. 3, NaHCO3Adding NaHCO at concentration of 100mmol/L to culture for 7 days to obtain the highest dry cell weight of 0.65g/L3The cell dry weight after 7 days of culture was 0.62g/L at an additive concentration of 200mmol/L, which indicates that NaHCO3Under the conditions of the addition concentration of 200mmol/L and 100mmol/L, no significant difference exists in the biomass accumulation of the dunaliella salina cells.
Daily sampling was performed to detect changes in beta-carotene in Dunaliella salina cells, as shown in FIG. 3, and analysis of the results, NaHCO3When the adding concentration is 200mmol/L, the beta-carotene in the dunaliella salina culture medium is the highest at the 7d and is 4.2 percent; NaHCO 23Under the condition of adding concentration of 25mmol/L, the beta-carotene in the dunaliella salina culture medium is the lowest at 7d, and the result shows that NaHCO is added into the dunaliella salina culture medium3Can improve the accumulation of beta-carotene in algae cells.
Example 3 addition of different concentrations of Ca2+,Mg2+Influence on Dunaliella salina biomass and beta-carotene accumulation
Configured to add Ca with different concentrations2+,Mg2+The artificial seawater culture medium is prepared by inoculating Dunaliella salina into the artificial seawater culture medium according to the density of 20 ten thousand cells/mL, culturing Dunaliella salina at 25 deg.C with illumination intensity of 10000Lux and light source of LED for 12 h/day, and detecting Ca with different concentrations2+,Mg2+Influence on the accumulation of beta-carotene in the biomass of Dunaliella salina.
The change in the number and dry weight of algal cells was measured every day, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, and the results analyzed, Ca2+,Mg2+The higher the concentration of the additive, the higher the cell number of the algae cells, and the highest dry cell weight, but the difference is not obvious, and the result shows that Ca2+Mg at an addition concentration of 3.0mmol/L2+When the adding concentration is 5.0mmol/L, the biomass accumulated by the dunaliella salina is the highest. However, through experimental results, we found that when Ca is used2+Concentration higher than 1.2mmol/L, Mg2+When the concentration is higher than 3.0mmol/L, flocculent precipitates are generated in the culture medium during the culture.
Sampling daily to detect the change of beta-carotene in algae cells, as shown in FIG. 5, and analyzing the result, Ca2+,Mg2+The higher the concentration of the added component, the lower the beta-carotene content in the algal cells, and the higher the dry weight of the cells, but the difference is not obvious, and the result shows that Ca is added in a more obvious way2+Mg at an addition concentration of 0.3mmol/L2+When the adding concentration is 0.6mmol/L, the content of the beta-carotene accumulated by the dunaliella salina is the highest.
By adding Ca at different concentrations2+,Mg2+The influence on the biomass and beta-carotene of the dunaliella salina is researched, and the result shows that the most suitable Ca is obtained2+Mg at an addition concentration of 0.3mmol/L2+The adding concentration is 0.6mmol/L, under the condition of the concentration, no precipitate is generated in the culture medium, and meanwhile, high-content beta-carotene can be accumulated under the condition of not influencing biomass.
EXAMPLE 4 Effect of trace elements (iron, cobalt, sodium metavandate) on Dunaliella salina Biomass and beta-Carotene accumulation
The method comprises the steps of setting different concentrations of iron, cobalt and sodium metavanadate through a central synthetic experiment (central composite design), configuring artificial seawater culture media added with the iron, the cobalt and the sodium metavanadate at different concentrations, inoculating the dunaliella salina into the artificial seawater culture media according to the density of 20 ten thousand cells/mL, and culturing the dunaliella salina under the conditions of 25 ℃, illumination intensity of 10000Lux, an LED light source as a light source and illumination time of 12 h/day to detect the influence of the iron, the cobalt and the sodium metavanadate at different concentrations on the biomass of the dunaliella salina and the accumulation of beta-carotene.
Samples were taken daily to determine changes in algal cell dry weight and beta-carotene, as shown in FIG. 6, and the results analyzed, Fe2+And Co2+Is a significant influencing factor (p is less than 0.1) in the accumulation process of the dry weight of the cells and the beta-carotene of the dunaliella salina, and Fe2+Has a negative correlation with the accumulation of algal cell dry weight, Fe2+The lower the dry cell weight, the lower the algal cell beta-carotene; co2+Is inversely related to the dry weight of the algal cells, but is positively related to the accumulation of beta-carotene in the algal cells.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many changes and modifications can be made, or equivalents modified, in the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.

Claims (4)

1. A Dunaliella culture medium using sodium bicarbonate as a carbon source, characterized in that: the dunaliella culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by concentration: sodium bicarbonate 200mmoL/L, calcium ion 0.3mmoL/L, magnesium ion 0.6mmoL/L, Fe2+2.7 mg/L、Co2+ 0.38 mg/L、NaVO3 0.18 mg/L、NaCl 1.5-3.0 mol/L、KNO3 50-100 mmoL/L、K2HPO4 0.13-0.26 mmoL/L、Na2EDTA 0.02 mmoL/L、H3BO3 5.72-11.44 mg/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.14-0.28 mg/L、CuSO4·5H2O 0.13-0.25 mg/L、MnCl2·4H2O 0.99-1.98 mg/L、NaMoO4·2H2O 0.24-0.48 mg/L。
2. Use of the medium according to claim 1 for the cultivation of dunaliella and for the production of β -carotene.
3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that: the Dunaliella is Dunaliella salina (A. salina)Dunaliella salina)
4. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method for culturing the dunaliella by using the culture medium comprises the following steps: the culture temperature is 25-28 ℃, the illumination intensity is 3000-12000 Lux, the illumination time is 12 h/day, the shaking culture of the flat-plate reactor is carried out by shaking in a shaking table, and the rotation speed of the shaking table is 50 rpm.
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