CN108339728A - A kind of energy converter and preparation method thereof based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material - Google Patents
A kind of energy converter and preparation method thereof based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108339728A CN108339728A CN201710049617.6A CN201710049617A CN108339728A CN 108339728 A CN108339728 A CN 108339728A CN 201710049617 A CN201710049617 A CN 201710049617A CN 108339728 A CN108339728 A CN 108339728A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0655—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of cylindrical shape
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of energy converter and preparation method thereof based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, the energy converter includes piezo-electricity composite material (2) and two electrode wires (4)；The piezo-electricity composite material (2) is in spherical cap-shaped structure, several piezoelectric ceramics pillars (7) bonding that the spherical cap-shaped structure is cut by piezoelectric ceramic wafer forms, and the inner and outer surfaces of the spherical cap-shaped structure are coated with positive and negative electrode；One end of two electrode wires (4) is respectively welded on positive and negative electrode, and the other end of two electrode wires (4) is drawn out of energy converter.The energy converter being prepared using the piezo-electric ceramic composite material with spherical cap-shaped structure in the present invention, it disclosure satisfy that the requirement of high-power radiation, this spherical structures of piezoelectric composite designs pattern, it overcomes complicated whole spherical crown mode of oscillation, directive property confusion, energy and exports small disadvantage, and pillar piezo-electricity composite material single vibration pattern is used, the constant amplitude in phase vibration of shape required for capable of realizing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ball conical beam piezo-electricity composite material energy converters, and in particular to one kind being based on spherical Piezoelectric anisotropy
Energy converter of material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Currently, energy converter or basic matrix are the important components in air-borne sound, Underwater Detection field devices.The performance of energy converter is past
Toward the performance for affecting system totality.In air-borne sound, generally require to carry out positioning and target acquisition, spherical or spherical crown to sound source
The energy converter or basic matrix of shape not only accurate positioning but also have the advantages that detection range is long, search range is wide；It is led in Underwater Detection
Domain, especially under water in imaging sonar, because spherical or domed energy converter or basic matrix are surveyed in seabed mapping, Underwater Engineering
Survey, Underwater Target Detection and underwater facility detection etc. have extensive and important application prospect, so being concerned.It is right
For high frequency high-resolution imaging sonar, energy converter or basic matrix constrain the basic performance of sonar, for emitting basic matrix, transmitted wave
Beam width and transmitting source level are constrained each other, and launching beam is wider (imaging observation range is bigger), basic matrix Net long wave radiation face
Product is smaller, and sound source level is lower (detection operating distance closer), and spherical energy converter or basic matrix are solve the problems, such as this effective
One of approach.
For the spherical energy converter of high frequency or basic matrix, not only in design Need Hierarchy Theory analysis and numerical computations, Er Qie
Special process is also required in making.It is often the vibration frequency using piezoelectric ceramics itself for hundreds of kHz high frequency transducers
Rate realizes, and if spherical energy converter is realized using whole spherical crown, can only utilize its thickness vibration mode, but ball
The thickness vibration mode of hat is complicated, cannot achieve spherical surface with phase continuous vibration, so also just cannot achieve the set goal.In order to
Realize spherical crown high frequency constant amplitude in phase vibration, it is a kind of effective to form whole spherical crown using the longitudinal vibration mode of the small oscillator of piezoelectricity
Mode.Realize that the single longitudinal vibration mode of high frequency piezo oscillator must satisfy certain length-width ratio, and for high frequency, according to
Half-wavelength resonance theory, frequency is higher, and oscillator resonance length is smaller, and width is less than length, so frequency is higher, piezoelectricity shakes
The volume of son is smaller.It is difficult to realize using common design method if the piezoelectric vibrator of small size will form spherical crown.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to the particular/special requirement of technique be realized for above-mentioned high frequency spherical crown energy converter and basic matrix, total
On the basis of tying previous high-frequency transducer development and the preparation of Piezoelectric anisotropy technique, the present invention provides one kind being based on spherical piezoelectricity
The core devices of energy converter of composite material and preparation method thereof, the energy converter are spherical piezo-electricity composite materials, using improvement
Piezo-electricity composite material preparation method form spherical crown, had using high-frequency transducer prepared by the spherical piezo-electricity composite material good
Good Spatial Sphere taper directive property.
To achieve the goals above, a kind of energy converter of the spherical piezo-electricity composite material of high frequency provided by the invention includes：
Piezo-electricity composite material and two electrode wires；The piezo-electricity composite material is in spherical cap-shaped structure, and the spherical cap-shaped structure is by piezoelectricity
Several piezoelectric ceramics pillars that ceramic disks are cut into bond, and the inner and outer surfaces of the spherical cap-shaped structure are coated with positive negative electricity
Pole；One end of two electrode wires is respectively welded on positive and negative electrode, and the other end of two electrode wires is drawn out of energy converter.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, further include hard polyurethane foam and backboard；The spherical knot
The inner surface of structure attaches and is fixed on the top surface of hard polyurethane foam, and the backboard is fixed on the bottom of hard polyurethane foam
Face；The spherical piezo-electricity composite material can be bonded in by 704 silica gel on foam；The electrode wires run through rigid polyurethane
Matter foam and backboard, and drawn from backboard bottom.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the outer surface of the energy converter is coated with polyurethane rubber, can lead to
It crosses perfusion mold to coat mounted spherical piezo-electricity composite material, foam and backboard, forms energy converter.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the radius of the spherical cap-shaped structure is 100mm, the corresponding center of circle
Angle is 60 °, and the outer surface of the piezoelectric ceramics pillar is square, and size is 2.5mm × 2.5mm, the piezoelectric ceramics pillar
Thickness is 4.8mm, and the gap width of two piezoelectric ceramics pillars of arbitrary neighborhood is 0.5mm.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, two piezoelectricity of the surface of the spherical cap-shaped structure and arbitrary neighborhood
The epoxy glue being coated in the gap of ceramic pillar after vacuumize process.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the positive and negative electrode is using plating nickel positive electrode and nickel plating negative electricity
Pole.
Energy converter based on above structure, the present invention go back while providing a kind of changing based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material
The production method of energy device, the energy converter preparation process include：Piezoelectric ceramics is cut, and glutinous deposited soft mucous membrane forms spherical pressure
Rigid high molecular material, curing molding, plated electrode after polishing is perfused in electroceramics material；Spherical piezo-electricity composite material is mounted on
In the acoustic foam of high intensity, entrant sound polyurethane rubber finally is perfused in outer layer.The production method specifically includes following steps：
Step 1) determines the radius and central angle of spherical cap-shaped structure according to design requirement, and is determined with the radius and central angle
The diameter of piezoelectric ceramic wafer, and determine according to working frequency the exterior surface dimension and thickness of piezoelectric ceramics pillar；
After selected piezoelectric ceramic wafer is cut piezoelectric ceramics pillar by step 2) by the specification of setting, justify in piezoelectric ceramics
The upper surface of piece is glutinous to apply one layer of soft mucous membrane so that all piezoelectric ceramics pillars are bonded to one structure；
Piezoelectric ceramic wafer after cutting is pressed into spherical cap-shaped structure by step 3) by spherical crown mold, and in spherical knot
The epoxy glue after vacuumize process is coated in the surface of structure and the gap of the two of arbitrary neighborhood piezoelectric ceramics pillars；
The spherical cap-shaped structure that step 4) is coated with epoxy glue carries out hot setting processing, and by the spherical knot after solidification
Structure takes out from spherical crown mold, the surfaces externally and internally of piezoelectric ceramics pillar is exposed after polishing, in the interior appearance of piezoelectric ceramics pillar
Nickel coating electrode on face, and an electrode wires are respectively welded on two electrodes；
The inner surface of spherical cap-shaped structure is attached and is fixed on the top surface of rigid foam by step 5), and at the bottom of rigid foam
After being pierced by electrode wires between rigid foam and backboard, polyurethane rubber is coated in the outer surface of energy converter for face stationary backplate.
A kind of energy converter based on ball crown type piezo-electricity composite material of the present invention and preparation method thereof advantage is：
The energy converter being prepared using the piezo-electric ceramic composite material with spherical cap-shaped structure in the present invention, disclosure satisfy that
The requirement of high-power radiation, this spherical structures of piezoelectric composite design pattern, it is multiple to overcome whole spherical crown mode of oscillation
It is miscellaneous, directive property is chaotic, energy exports small disadvantage, and use pillar piezo-electricity composite material single vibration pattern, can realize institute
The constant amplitude in phase vibration for needing shape is exported with obtaining maximum energy, while generating good ball taper directive property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of transducer architecture schematic diagram based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is that the structural schematic diagram after piezoelectric ceramics pillar is cut into using piezoelectric disc in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the piezo-electricity composite material compression moulding of the spherical cap-shaped structure in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is structural schematic diagram of the piezo-electricity composite material of the spherical cap-shaped structure in the present invention after plated electrode.
Fig. 5 is transducer directivity test curve prepared by the piezo-electricity composite material of the spherical cap-shaped structure in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the energy converter emitting voltage sensitivity test curve in the present invention.
Reference numeral
1, polyurethane rubber 2, piezo-electricity composite material 3, hard polyurethane foam
4, electrode wires 5, backboard 6, soft mucous membrane
7, piezoelectric ceramics pillar 8, spherical crown convex upper mold 9, nickel plating negative electrode
10, epoxy glue 11, spherical crown spill lower die 12, plating nickel positive electrode
Specific implementation mode
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to a kind of energy converter based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material of the present invention
And preparation method thereof be described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of energy converter based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material provided by the invention, including Piezoelectric anisotropy
Material 2 and two electrode wires 4；The piezo-electricity composite material 2 is in spherical cap-shaped structure, and the spherical cap-shaped structure is justified by piezoelectric ceramics
Several piezoelectric ceramics pillars 7 that piece is cut into, which bond, forms (as shown in Figure 2), and the inner and outer surfaces of the spherical cap-shaped structure are coated with
Positive and negative electrode；One end of two electrode wires 4 is respectively welded on positive and negative electrode, and draws out of energy converter two electrode wires 4
The other end.
Energy converter based on above structure, as shown in Figure 1, the energy converter may also include hard polyurethane foam 3 and backboard
5；The inner surface of the spherical cap-shaped structure attaches and is fixed on the top surface of hard polyurethane foam 3, and the backboard 5 is fixed on poly- ammonia
The bottom surface of ester rigid foam 3；The electrode wires 4 are drawn through hard polyurethane foam 3 and backboard 5, and from 5 bottom of backboard.
In addition, the outer surface of the energy converter is coated with polyurethane rubber 1.
The piezo-electricity composite material for the above-mentioned spherical cap-shaped structure that the present invention develops can be combined into pressure by multiple piezoelectric ceramics pillars
Electric pillar plane basic matrix, then forms ball-type by mold again, and theoretical upper mold can make much, piezo-electricity composite material spherical crown energy
It does much, because without the restricted limitation for making volume, and there is good piezoelectric property, prepared using the piezo-electricity composite material
High-frequency transducer and basic matrix have good constant amplitude in phase vibration effect, since the small oscillator of piezo-electricity composite material is all operated in list
One longitudinal vibration mode, electromechanical conversion efficiency is high, and energy output is big, and can be regarded as the vibration of the point source on spherical crown, so can
Realize the requirement of spherical crown radiation directivity and radiated power requirements.It in practical applications, can be in conjunction with actual demand, by designing ball
The size for being preced with diameter and spherical crown angle realizes high-power transmitting.
The present invention is to emit composite material by developing the piezoelectricity of spherical cap-shaped structure, and high frequency, big can be realized by providing one kind
The energy converter of power, broad beam.According to the design needs, the diameter and angle of release of spherical crown are determined, is then determined according to the size of spherical crown
Go out the size of piezoelectric ceramic wafer, and determines the size of piezoelectric ceramics pillar, the piezoelectric ceramic wafer after cutting according to frequency
It is glutinous to apply soft mucous membrane, it is placed in mold and is pressed into spherical, positive and negative electrode, shape are plated respectively after the piezoelectricity spherical crown polishing after forming
At spherical piezo-electricity composite material；The spherical piezo-electricity composite material made is mounted on pre-designed rigid foam,
Extraction electrode line after rigid foam glues backboard, is perfused sound transmitting rubber clad, ultimately forms the spherical Piezoelectric anisotropy material of high frequency
Expect energy converter.
Energy converter based on above structure, with reference to shown in figure 1-4, it is multiple based on spherical piezoelectricity that the present invention also provides one kind
The production method of the energy converter of condensation material, specifically includes following steps：
First, the diameter and angle of release of design spherical crown are required according to working frequency, energy converter angle of release and transmitting sensitivity.Work
Frequency is usually to be determined by system, determines and is assured that wavelength, the angle of release of spherical crown are generally big according to the velocity of sound after working frequency
In the wave beam angle of release of energy converter；And the diameter of ball where spherical crown is bigger, transmitting sensitivity and sound source level are also higher.In this implementation
The working frequency of energy converter is 300kHz in example, requires to be more than 45 °, and emitting voltage sensitivity in the spherical crown angle of release of 300kHz
It is required that being more than 160dB, for 100mm, the corresponding central angle of spherical crown is the radius of ball where calculating spherical piezoelectric element with this
60 °, and the surface area by calculating spherical crown, a diameter of 88mm of piezoelectric disc is determined, to realize face that disk is equal with spherical crown
Product determines that the thickness of piezoelectric disc is 4.8mm according to working frequency, to realize piezoelectric ceramics single vibration mode, piezoelectric ceramics
The height over width of pillar is theoretically greater than 3.16 times or more, and here by simulation calculation and experiment test, piezoelectric ceramics is small
The outer surface squarely of column, size are 2.5mm × 2.5mm, and the knife seam of piezoelectric ceramic wafer cutting is 0.5mm.
Secondly, require cutting piezoelectric ceramic wafer at several piezoelectric ceramics pillars 7, piezoelectric ceramics according to design-calculated
Disk is bonded in by 502 glue on glass, and the piezoelectric ceramics pillar 7 of 2.5mm × 2.5mm, the gap between ceramics are then cut into
For 0.5mm, while ensureing that piezoelectric ceramics is cut through.It is soft viscous glutinous deposited one layer of upper surface after piezoelectric ceramic wafer is cut into pillar
Film makes all piezoelectric ceramics pillars 7 form an entirety, invades bubble by acetone and piezoelectric ceramics pillar 7 is removed from glass,
Piezoelectric ceramics pillar array after removing is as shown in Figure 2.
Again, spherical crown molding die is got out, as shown in figure 3, the mold includes under spherical crown convex upper mold 8 and spherical crown spill
Mould 11, mold need smearing release agent after cleaning, and the piezoelectric ceramics pillar array of the soft mucous membrane of bonding is placed on spherical crown molding
In mold；The high-temp epoxy for preparing high rigidity fills glue, and epoxy glue 10 needs vacuumize process when preparing, prepared ring
Oxygen glue 10 pours into the neutralization of spherical crown spill lower die 11 and is coated in the gap of the small intercolumniation of spherical crown respectively, will smear the piezoelectricity of epoxy glue 10
Ceramic pillar array carries out vacuumize process again after being suppressed by spherical crown convex upper mold 8, except the bubble in removing photoresist, according to high temperature ring
120 DEG C of the solidification temperature of oxygen glue is cured, and 4-5 hours solidified formings are kept the temperature.
Then, after the piezo-electricity composite material 2 after solidification being demoulded, the surrounding for piezo-electricity composite material 2 of polishing and surface remove
The small cylinder of piezoelectric ceramics is exposed so that can be in piezoelectric ceramics in the convex surface of spherical cap-shaped structure and concave surface by extra epoxy glue 10
Nickel coating electrode on pillar 7；Plating nickel positive electrode 12 is respectively set on the concave and convex surface of piezoelectric ceramics pillar 7 by nickel plating technology
With nickel plating negative electrode 9, final piezo-electricity composite material is formed, structure is as shown in Figure 4.
Finally, the piezo-electricity composite material for the spherical cap-shaped structure made is mounted on the good spherical crown type polyurethane of pre-production
On rigid foam 3, hard polyurethane foam 3 can not only play structural support effect, and can realize sound absorption effect so that
Energy converter is exported with more preferably energy.It is viscous that 704 silicon rubber can be used between piezo-electricity composite material 2 and hard polyurethane foam 3
It connects, after the positive and negative lead wires for welding piezo-electricity composite material, is pierced by from hard polyurethane foam 3, and in hard polyurethane foam 3
914 glue stickings can be used in bonded metal backboard 5 below between hard polyurethane foam 3 and metal backing 5, after waiting viscose glues to cure
Prepare perfusion sound transparency polyurethane rubber 1 and carries out surrounding cladding.According to the density of the volume of reperfusion space and polyurethane rubber, meter
The quality of polyurethane rubber needed for calculating is poured into the polyurethane rubber refined in the mold of spherical crown energy converter cladding forming,
After equal casting glues are fully cured, mold is sloughed, energy converter development finishes, and obtains energy converter as shown in Figure 1.
The spherical piezo-electricity composite material energy converter prepared using the above method tests its acoustical behavior in anechoic tank,
As shown in figure 5, being the Direction Curve in resonance point 300kHz, it can be seen from the figure that the wave beam angle of release of energy converter is about
47 °, there is smaller fluctuating in angle of release；Emitting voltage sensitivity test curve is as shown in fig. 6, the emitting voltage in 300kHz is clever
Sensitivity is 165dB, and bandwidth can reach 50kHz, it follows that the spherical piezo-electricity composite material energy converter of the present invention is with good
Good acoustical behavior.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, to the technical side of the present invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Right in.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of energy converter based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, which is characterized in that including piezo-electricity composite material (2) and two
Electrode wires (4)；The piezo-electricity composite material (2) is in spherical cap-shaped structure, and the spherical cap-shaped structure is cut by piezoelectric ceramic wafer
At several piezoelectric ceramics pillars (7) bonding form, the inner and outer surfaces of the spherical cap-shaped structure are coated with positive and negative electrode；Two electricity
One end of polar curve (4) is respectively welded on positive and negative electrode, and the other end of two electrode wires (4) is drawn out of energy converter.
2. the energy converter according to claim 1 based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, which is characterized in that further include poly- ammonia
Ester rigid foam (3) and backboard (5)；The inner surface of the spherical cap-shaped structure attaches and is fixed on hard polyurethane foam (3)
Top surface, the backboard (5) are fixed on the bottom surface of hard polyurethane foam (3)；The electrode wires (4) are steeped through rigid poly urethanes
Foam (3) and backboard (5), and drawn from backboard (5) bottom.
3. the energy converter according to claim 2 based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, which is characterized in that the energy converter
Outer surface be coated with polyurethane rubber (1).
4. the energy converter according to claim 1 based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, which is characterized in that described spherical
The radius of structure is 100mm, and corresponding central angle is 60 °, and the outer surface of the piezoelectric ceramics pillar (7) is square, ruler
Very little is 2.5mm × 2.5mm, and the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramics pillar (7) is 4.8mm, two piezoelectric ceramics pillars (7) of arbitrary neighborhood
Gap width be 0.5mm.
5. the energy converter according to claim 1 based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, which is characterized in that described spherical
It is coated with the epoxy glue after vacuumize process in the surface of structure and the gap of the two of arbitrary neighborhood piezoelectric ceramics pillars (7)
(10)。
6. the energy converter according to claim 1 based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material, which is characterized in that described is positive and negative
Electrode is using plating nickel positive electrode (12) and nickel plating negative electrode (9).
7. based on the production method of the energy converter based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material described in one of claim 1-6, feature
It is, which includes：
Step 1) determines the radius and central angle of spherical cap-shaped structure according to design requirement, and determines piezoelectricity with the radius and central angle
The diameter of ceramic disks, and determine according to working frequency the exterior surface dimension and thickness of piezoelectric ceramics pillar (7)；
After selected piezoelectric ceramic wafer is cut piezoelectric ceramics pillar (7) by step 2) by the specification of setting, justify in piezoelectric ceramics
The upper surface of piece is glutinous to apply one layer of soft mucous membrane (6) so that all piezoelectric ceramics pillars (7) are bonded to one structure；
Piezoelectric ceramic wafer after cutting is pressed into spherical cap-shaped structure by step 3) by spherical crown mold, and in spherical cap-shaped structure
The epoxy glue (10) after vacuumize process is coated in the gap of two piezoelectric ceramics pillars (7) of surface and arbitrary neighborhood；
The spherical cap-shaped structure that step 4) is coated with epoxy glue (10) carries out hot setting processing, and by the spherical knot after solidification
Structure takes out from spherical crown mold, the surfaces externally and internally of piezoelectric ceramics pillar (7) is exposed after polishing, in piezoelectric ceramics pillar (7)
Nickel coating electrode on surfaces externally and internally, and an electrode wires (4) is respectively welded on two electrodes；
The inner surface of spherical cap-shaped structure is attached and is fixed on the top surface of hard polyurethane foam (3) by step 5), and in polyurethane
Electrode wires (4) are pierced by by the bottom surface stationary backplate (5) of rigid foam (3) between hard polyurethane foam (3) and backboard (5)
Afterwards, in the outer surface of energy converter coating polyurethane rubber (1).
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| CN201710049617.6A CN108339728A (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | A kind of energy converter and preparation method thereof based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material |
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| CN201710049617.6A CN108339728A (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2017-01-23 | A kind of energy converter and preparation method thereof based on spherical piezo-electricity composite material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110743770A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-04 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所九江分部 | High-frequency composite material speed measurement transducer |
| WO2021165146A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Waterborne sound transducer |
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| CN110743770A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-02-04 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所九江分部 | High-frequency composite material speed measurement transducer |
| WO2021165146A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Waterborne sound transducer |
| AU2021224835B2 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2023-08-10 | Atlas Elektronik Gmbh | Waterborne sound transducer |
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