CN108326256A - A kind of low pressure fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device and casting method - Google Patents
A kind of low pressure fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device and casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108326256A CN108326256A CN201711496679.8A CN201711496679A CN108326256A CN 108326256 A CN108326256 A CN 108326256A CN 201711496679 A CN201711496679 A CN 201711496679A CN 108326256 A CN108326256 A CN 108326256A
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- casting
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- metal bath
- spreader
- die cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
- B22D27/11—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of mechanical pressing devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of low pressure to fill type High Pressure Solidification casting device and casting method, can be used in antigravity casting machine or extrusion casting machine；Apparatus of the present invention include that casting mold, metal bath with cavity rise liquid channel and spreader moving up and down, and spreader plays the role of shunting to metal bath in liter liquid stage and is oriented to and is compacted filter screen, makes metal bath with layer flow mode Stable Filling.After filling type, spreader downlink pushes down sprue bush, forms sealing structure, closes the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity.Hereafter high pressure-charging is carried out to metal bath, so that metal bath is solidified under high pressure, pressure limit avoids shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, is mingled with the defects of slag inclusion up to 0.1MPa~160Mpa.Optimal Structure Designing has been carried out to shunting cone-shaped simultaneously, ensure that metal bath low pressure is controllably stablized and fill type and High Pressure Solidification molding.The metal bath risen while pressing mechanism applies the metal bath in cavity in liquid channel will not form scull, extend service life of equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to casting technology fields, are molded more particularly, to a kind of achievable low pressure controllable aerating type, High Pressure Solidification
Casting device and casting method.
Background technology
Lightweight be fuel-engined vehicle energy-saving and emission-reduction, new-energy automobile consumption reduction increase journey one of most important approach, with aluminium alloy
Equal lightweighting materials replace traditional steel material, it has also become the inevitable choice that Automobile Design updates.On automobile
Aluminium alloy can be divided into cast aluminium alloy gold and wrought aluminium alloy, and cast aluminium alloy gold occupies leading, accounts for 80% or so of automobile aluminum amount,
Mainly for the manufacture of parts such as engine, clutch housing, wheel, chassis members.With the development of foundry engieering, more zero
Component is using the molding of the methods of the Countergravity casting methods and extrusion casint such as low pressure casting, counter-pressure casting, adjustable pressure casting.
The basic principle of the Countergravity casting methods such as low pressure casting, counter-pressure casting, adjustable pressure casting is driven with low-pressure gas
Metal bath in crucible or holding furnace makes it through stalk and rises and enter mold cavity, low pressure gas is used after filling type
Body completes solidification and feeding under pressure by crucible by metal bath in casting mold.Metal bath is needed filling the type stage
Smoothly filling cast as far as possible, the stomata and inclusion defect brought to avoid turbulent volume gas；And after filling type and completing, then it wishes
Hope increase as far as possible in casting mold pressure to avoid or reduce shunk due to metal bath caused by the casting flaws such as shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity.And
In the prior art, fill the supercharging after type usually and be still using the low-pressure gas pressurization in crucible or holding furnace, pressure with
The mode of metal bath is transmitted in metal bath-cavity in metal bath-stalk in crucible, thus can not possibly significantly be increased
Add the pressure of solidification stages.
It is related that the factors such as boost pressure and casting structure, alloy characteristic are crystallized in casting process, in metal-mold low-pressure casting
Boost pressure is generally 0.0025~0.075MPa, and counter-pressure casting generally takes 0.3~1.0MPa, and the differential pressure of eutectic alloy is cast
It makes and generally takes 0.3~0.4MPa (Deng Hongyun etc., Special Processes of Metal Castings produce application manual, April the 1st edition in 2015, P388, P396).
Compared to low pressure casting, the methods of counter-pressure casting and adjustable pressure casting improve feeding and freezing pressure, but feeding and freezing pressure
Increase degree is still inadequate, usually less than 1.0MPa, and the consistency of casting and intensity and toughness is caused to still reach to less than making us
Satisfied degree.With to casting precise treatment, be thinning, lightweight and Labor-saving requirement it is higher and higher, to cast real height
How the casting of quality meets following two primary conditions simultaneously：(1) the steady filling cast of metal bath can be allowed；(2) casting mold is allowed
Interior metal bath completes feeding and solidification at very high pressures, is always the problem on puzzlement casting circle.And excessively high crystallization pressure
Power can be brought to device structure it is many difficult (Deng Hongyun etc., Special Processes of Metal Castings produce application manual, April the 1st edition in 2015,
P396)。
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of achievable low pressure controllable aerating type, High Pressure Solidification are molding
Casting device and casting method.
A kind of low pressure that the present invention designs fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device, includes holding furnace, stalk, template, mould
Tool, thermal insulation cup, sprue bush, filter screen, spreader, pressing mechanism, spreader driving device, pressure plate, die cavity, pressurised driving dress
It sets；
There is metal bath in the holding furnace；The mold includes upper mold (10) and lower die (3), upper mold (10) and lower die
(3) die cavity (11) is formed between；The template includes cope plate (13) and lower template (2), and lower die (3) is installed on lower template
(2) on, upper mold (10) is installed on cope plate (13)；The stalk (1) is located in holding furnace, and is poured by thermal insulation cup (4)
Muzzle (5) is connected to die cavity (11), and spreader (6) is located in die cavity (11), the metal bath of face sprue bush (5) and die cavity (11)
Inlet plays the role of shunting to molten aluminum in liter liquid stage and is oriented to and is compacted filter screen；It is connected in pressurised driving device (8)
Drive pressure plate (9), pressure plate (9) connection that pressing mechanism, pressing mechanism is driven to be located above mold；The spreader (6) exists
Lower realize of spreader driving device (8) driving moves up and down, can be in the metal bath for connecting sprue bush (5) with die cavity (11)
Entrance is closed or is opened；Pressurised driving device connection driving pressure plate (9), pressure plate (9) connection drive pressing mechanism, pressuring machine
Structure is located above mold, can apply pressure to metal bath after entrance closing；
Spreader (6) includes the shunting tip body (62) of lower part and the cylinder (61) on top, the shunting tip body
(62) maximum gauge is less than the diameter of cylinder (61), forms a step (611), the step (611) is for shunting
It is pressed in when boring (6) downlink above sprue bush (5), forms sealing structure；
The shunting tip body (62) is the first bending section (621), the second bending section (622) from tip to step (611)
Tip with third bending section (623), the first bending section (621) is fillet；Second bending section (622) and the first bending section
(621) tangent, bending direction is identical as the first bending section (621), and radius of curvature is more than the first bending section (621) curvature half
Diameter；Third bending section (623) and the second bending section (622) are tangent, and bending direction and the second bending section (622) are on the contrary, curvature
Radius is less than the second bending section (622) radius of curvature.
Especially, to shunt the point of tip bottom as origin, shunting tip is lateral, i.e., vertically shunting tip direction is made
For X-axis, shunting tip is longitudinal, i.e., parallel split-flow tip direction meets following relationship as Y-axis, side side profile curve：
The contour line of first bending section (621) meets y=-0.019x3+0.333x2+ 0.2095x, and the value of x be 0~
6；
The contour line of second bending section (622) meets y=-0.0342x3-0.5139x2+ 4.8803x-808.15, and x
Value is 5~15；
The contour line of third bending section (623) meets y=-0.1065x3+ 5.569x-4.6267, and the value of x be 14~
25。
In the present invention, pressing mechanism is ring plug or pressure rod.
In the present invention, the antigravity casting machine or extrusion casting machine of the casting device are carried.
The method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out low pressure casting aluminum alloy casting is filled using the low pressure of the present invention, including
Following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, after skimming
By in the molten aluminum alloy melt injection low-pressure casting thermal insulation furnace prepared, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 200~360 DEG C, lower die and sprue bush temperature
Degree is preheated to 250~400 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure of 15~25kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 1.5~2.5kPa/s, gold
Belong to melt by stalk to rise；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure in type stage for 28~50kPa, it is 1.6~4.0kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, makes conjunction
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold golden liquid at this pressure, until by die cavity
It is completely filled with, metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure to 100
~1500kPa, 10~80s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
The casting device that the present invention designs can be used for low pressure casting shell class, frame clsss, staving class casting.
The method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out counter-pressure casting aluminium alloy castings is filled using the low pressure of the present invention, including
Following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, takes chemistry
Ingredient sample, the aluminum alloy melt that molten will be prepared after ingredient qualification is transported to counter-pressure casting machine by pneumatic casting ladle, and is rapidly injected
In the cast insulation stove of counter-pressure casting machine, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 250~350 DEG C, lower die and sprue bush temperature
Degree is preheated to 300~430 DEG C；
(3) applying the pressure difference of 20~35kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 2.0~4.5kPa/s,
Metal bath is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 36~70kPa, it is 2.5~5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, is made
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold aluminium alloy at this pressure, until by mould
Chamber is completely filled with, and metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference extremely
1000~150000kPa, 10~60s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
The casting device that the present invention designs can be used for counter-pressure casting shell class, frame clsss, staving class casting.
The method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out adjustable pressure casting aluminium alloy castings is filled using the low pressure of the present invention, including
Following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, after skimming
By in the molten aluminum alloy melt injection casting machine holding furnace prepared, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, vacuumized, and upper mold and spreader are preheated to 220~400 DEG C, lower die
And sprue bush preheating temperature is to 200~360 DEG C；
(3) applying the pressure difference of 18~40kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 1.8~4.0kPa/s,
Metal bath is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 40~80kPa, it is 2.0~5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, is made
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold aluminium alloy at this pressure, until by mould
Chamber is completely filled with, and metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference extremely
800~160000kPa, 10~100s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
The casting device that the present invention designs can be used for adjustable pressure casting shell class, frame clsss, staving class casting.
The present invention compared with the existing technology the advantages of be：
1. low pressure of the present invention fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device, including upper die and lower die, mould is formed between upper die and lower die
Chamber, stalk are located in holding furnace, and are connected to die cavity by thermal insulation cup sprue bush, and spreader is located in die cavity, face sprue bush
With the molten aluminum inlet of die cavity, spreader can move up and down under driving device effect, and shunting is played to molten aluminum in a liter liquid stage
It is oriented to and is compacted the effect of filter screen, makes molten aluminum with layer flow mode Stable Filling, and gas is made to have grace time discharge, avoids
The defects of causing stomata and secondary oxidation to be mingled with due to turbulent volume gas；After filling the type stage, the driving point of spreader driving device
Flow cone downlink is pressed in sprue bush, forms sealing structure, the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity is closed, hereafter in cavity
Molten aluminum carry out high pressure-charging, so that molten aluminum is solidified under high pressure, reduce or eliminate in process of setting due to molten aluminum shrink and be easy out
The casting flaws such as existing shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity.
2. the present invention fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device by using low pressure closes molten aluminum entrance, kept the temperature after filling type
Stove release so that molten aluminum flows back rapidly, avoids and forms scull in liter liquid channel, influences subsequent cycle production, solidifies simultaneously
Process is not pressurizeed using gas by holding furnace, is pressurized to the molten aluminum in cavity using independently pressurized mechanism, Ke Yiwu
It need to consider the influence factors such as holding furnace intensity, to reach very high pressure value, be conducive to the raising of the performance of casting.
3. filling shunting cone-shaped and structure in type High Pressure Solidification casting device to low pressure has carried out effective optimization, it is adapted to gold
Belong to the factors such as viscosity, the filling velocity of liquid so that in branching process, molten metal steadily rises, and avoids spreader curvature mistake
That brings greatly fills type disturbance, causes effectively shunt caused by turbulent flow or curvature are too small, section is provided for the design of spreader
Reference frame.
4. using casting device of the present invention, it can be achieved that low pressure fills type High Pressure Solidification, pressing mechanism is molten to the metal in cavity
The pressure limit that body applies significantly improves the quality of casting up to 0.1MPa~160Mpa.
5. filling the casting device and casting method of type High Pressure Solidification using low pressure of the present invention, it can be used for shell class casting, frame
Frame class casting, the antigravity casting of staving class casting or extrusion casint, compared with casting obtained by corresponding conventional casting methods, casting
Shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity significantly reduce, intensity can improve 5~40%, and elongation percentage can be improved 30~100%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart that low pressure of the present invention fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device.
Figure 1A is the structure chart that low pressure of the present invention fills another visual angle of type High Pressure Solidification casting device.
Figure 1B is the sectional structure chart that low pressure of the present invention fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device.
Fig. 1 C are that low pressure of the present invention fills spreader and sprue bush, the structure chart of thermal insulation cup in type High Pressure Solidification casting device.
Fig. 1 D are the exploded views that low pressure of the present invention fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention carries out the spreader structure chart after structure optimization.
Fig. 2A is the front view for the spreader that the present invention carries out after structure optimization.
Fig. 3 is the electron microscope using casting obtained by conventional low casting device and technique.
Fig. 4 is the electron microscope using casting obtained by apparatus of the present invention and casting technique.
Fig. 5 is the performance using casting obtained by conventional low casting device and technique.
Fig. 6 is the performance using casting obtained by apparatus of the present invention and casting technique.
| 1. stalk | 2. lower template | 3. lower die |
| 4. thermal insulation cup | 5. sprue bush | 6. spreader |
| 7. pressure cuffs | 8. spreader driving device | 9. pressure plate |
| 10. upper mold | 11. die cavity | 12. upper mold connecting plate |
| 13. cope plate | 14. upper flange | 15. lower flange |
| 16. washer | The first support columns of 17A. | The second support columns of 17B. |
Specific implementation mode
By taking aluminium alloy as an example, and the present invention will be further described for combination the drawings and specific embodiments.
Shown in Fig. 1, Figure 1A, Figure 1B, Fig. 1 C, Fig. 1 D, Fig. 2, Fig. 2A, a kind of low pressure that the present invention designs fills type high pressure
Solidified cast device includes stalk 1, lower template 2, lower die 3, thermal insulation cup 4, sprue bush 5, filter screen, spreader 6, pressurization
Set 7, spreader driving device 8, pressure plate 9, upper mold 10 and die cavity 11.There are molten aluminum, upper mold 10 and lower die 3 in the holding furnace
Between form die cavity 11, lower die 3 is installed in lower template 2, and upper mold 10 is installed on cope plate 13.The stalk 1, which is located at, to be protected
In warm stove, and die cavity 11 is connected to by thermal insulation cup 4, sprue bush 5, the top of sprue bush 5 is placed with filter screen, and spreader 6 is located at
In die cavity 11, the molten aluminum inlet of face sprue bush 5 and die cavity 11 plays shunting to molten aluminum in liter liquid stage and is oriented to and is compacted
The effect of filter screen (filter screen is arranged above sprue bush 5 and below spreader 6), makes molten aluminum with layer flow mode stable filling
Type, and the defects of so that gas is had grace time discharge, avoid causing stomata and secondary oxidation to be mingled with due to turbulent volume gas.Pressurization is driven
The dynamic connection of device 8 driving pressure plate 9, the connection of pressure plate 9 drive pressure cuffs 7, pressure cuffs 7 to be located on mold.
In the casting device that the present invention designs, the first support column 17A and the second support column 17B of both sides setting are used for
To support mode and upper mold connecting plate 12, (upper mold connecting plate 12 is to be fixedly connected with external equipment, is to ensure entire casting device
Smoothly), pressure plate 9, the upper mold when pressure plate 9 is pressurized 8 drive motion of driving device are placed in the lower section of upper mold connecting plate 12
Connecting plate 12 is used as a kind of guiding mechanism, limits the distance up and down of pressure plate 9.For the upper flange 14 being connected on stalk 1
Washer 16 between lower flange 15 and upper flange 14 and lower flange 15, also for the entire casting device of guarantee and outside
The steady fixation of equipment.
For the casting device that the present invention designs after filling the type stage, spreader driving device 8 drives 6 downlink of spreader,
The molten aluminum entrance of sprue bush 5 and die cavity 11 is closed, furnace pressure release is kept the temperature at this time, makes sprue bush 5, thermal insulation cup 4 and stalk 1
Interior molten aluminum flows back into holding furnace, it is avoided to lead to scull due to overstaying in above-mentioned component, is made to next production cycle
At influence.The molten aluminum in die cavity 11 enters solidification stages at this time, and pressurised driving device 8 drives pressure plate 9 to drive pressure cuffs 7 to type
The molten aluminum of intracavitary carries out high pressure-charging, and molten aluminum is made to solidify under high pressure, reduces or eliminates in process of setting and holds since molten aluminum is shunk
The casting flaws such as the shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity easily occurred.It after solidification, is demoulded, the normal process steps such as ejection, casting post-processing.It is described
Spreader 6 can be realized under the driving of spreader driving device 8 and be moved up and down, and can not only play shunting to molten aluminum in a liter liquid stage
It is oriented to and is compacted the effect of filter screen, makes molten aluminum with layer flow mode Stable Filling, and gas is made to have grace time discharge, avoids
The defects of causing stomata and secondary oxidation to be mingled with due to turbulent volume gas, additionally it is possible in the molten aluminum entrance for connecting sprue bush with die cavity
Closing is opened, and molten aluminum is made to solidify under high pressure, reduces or eliminates the contracting being susceptible in process of setting since molten aluminum is shunk
The casting flaws such as hole shrinkage porosite.
In the spreader structural schematic diagram shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2A, shunting tip body 62 includes according to contour curve division
First bending section 621, the second bending section 622 and third bending section 623；The tip of first bending section 621 is fillet, at first
Contact molten aluminum simultaneously shunts；Second bending section 622 and the first bending section 621 are tangent, bending direction and 621 phase of the first bending section
Together, radius of curvature is more than 621 radius of curvature of the first bending section, and molten aluminum steady flow is kept for continuing uphill process in molten aluminum；
Third bending section 623 and the second bending section 622 are tangent, and bending direction and the second bending section 622 are on the contrary, radius of curvature is less than the
Two bending sections, 622 radius of curvature；Third bending section 623 to shunting the later stage keep molten aluminum steady flow, and reduce and round platform
611 stress.
Shown in Fig. 2A, another preferred embodiment is：To shunt tip bottom, i.e. the first bending section 621
For the point of bottom as origin, shunting tip is lateral, i.e., vertically for shunting tip direction as X-axis, shunting tip is longitudinal, i.e., parallel
Tip direction is shunted as Y-axis, side side profile curve has following relationship：
The contour line of first bending section (621) meets y=-0.019x3+0.333x2+ 0.2095x, and the value of x be 0~
6；
The contour line of second bending section (622) meets y=-0.0342x3-0.5139x2+ 4.8803x-808.15, and x
Value is 5~15；
The contour line of third bending section (623) meets y=-0.1065x3+ 5.569x-4.6267, and the value of x be 14~
25。
The contour curve equation of shunting tip body 62 after present invention optimization is during actual casting, according to difference point
The different situations of flow cone Shapes body disturbance obtain optimal spreader shape contour, simultaneously after carrying out practical calculating and verifying
Carrying out splitting fitting gained to the shape, should be as needed to the value of x to match between each curve when practical application
Range suitably adjusts the angle direction of each bending section, makes the complete curve of three bending section sections composition,
And can according to cast gate size carry out equal proportion scaling, in principle with round platform be more than cast gate, while spreader maximum radius be less than pour
Mouth is advisable.
The low pressure designed using the present invention fills the method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out low pressure casting aluminum alloy casting,
Include the following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, after skimming
By in the molten aluminum alloy melt injection low-pressure casting thermal insulation furnace prepared, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 200~360 DEG C, lower die and sprue bush temperature
Degree is preheated to 250~400 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure of 15~25kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 1.5~2.5kPa/s, gold
Belong to melt by stalk to rise；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure in type stage for 28~50kPa, it is 1.6~4.0kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, makes conjunction
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold golden liquid at this pressure, until by die cavity
It is completely filled with, metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure to 100
~1500kPa, 10~80s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
Especially, the casting device can be used for low pressure casting shell class, frame clsss, staving class casting.
The low pressure designed using the present invention fills the method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out counter-pressure casting aluminium alloy castings,
Include the following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, takes chemistry
Ingredient sample, the aluminum alloy melt that molten will be prepared after ingredient qualification is transported to counter-pressure casting machine by pneumatic casting ladle, and is rapidly injected
In the cast insulation stove of counter-pressure casting machine, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 250~350 DEG C, lower die and sprue bush temperature
Degree is preheated to 300~430 DEG C；
(3) applying the pressure difference of 20~35kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 2.0~4.5kPa/s,
Metal bath is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 36~70kPa, it is 2.5~5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, is made
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold aluminium alloy at this pressure, until by mould
Chamber is completely filled with, and metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference extremely
1000~150000kPa, 10~60s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
Especially, the casting device can be used for counter-pressure casting shell class, frame clsss, staving class casting.
The low pressure designed using the present invention fills the method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out adjustable pressure casting aluminium alloy castings,
Include the following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, after skimming
By in the molten aluminum alloy melt injection casting machine holding furnace prepared, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, vacuumized, and upper mold and spreader are preheated to 220~400 DEG C, lower die
And sprue bush preheating temperature is to 200~360 DEG C；
(3) applying the pressure difference of 18~40kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 1.8~4.0kPa/s,
Metal bath is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 40~80kPa, it is 2.0~5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, is made
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold aluminium alloy at this pressure, until by mould
Chamber is completely filled with, and metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference extremely
800~160000kPa, 10~100s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
Especially, the casting device can be used for adjustable pressure casting shell class, frame clsss, staving class casting.
Using in low pressure controllable aerating type, the molding casting device of High Pressure Solidification, spreader can drive the present invention in driving device
Dynamic lower realize moves up and down, and can not only play the role of shunting guiding and compacting filter screen to molten aluminum in liter liquid stage, make
Molten aluminum makes gas have grace time discharge with layer flow mode Stable Filling, avoids causing stomata and secondary due to turbulent volume gas
The defects of oxide inclusion, additionally it is possible to form sealing device, the molten aluminum entrance that sprue bush is connect with die cavity is closed or opened, and aluminium is made
Liquid solidifies under high pressure, reduces or eliminates the castings such as the shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity being susceptible in process of setting since molten aluminum is shunk and lacks
It falls into.And terminate rear enclosed molten aluminum entrance, holding furnace release filling type so that molten aluminum flows back rapidly, avoids in liter liquid channel
Scull is formed, subsequent cycle production is influenced, while process of setting is not pressurizeed using gas by holding furnace, using independent
Pressing mechanism is pressurized the molten aluminum in cavity, may not need and considers the influence factors such as holding furnace intensity, to reach very high pressure
Force value significantly improves the performance of casting.
Embodiment 1
The low pressure of the present invention is filled into type High Pressure Solidification casting device on BH-1 type low-pressure charging casting machines, to A356
Aluminium alloy knuckle casting carries out low-pressure charging casting, and technical process is as follows：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：7.2%, Mg：0.3%, Fe：
0.10%, Mn：0.03%, Ti：0.12%, Sr：0.012%；Cu:0.01%, RE：0.002%, Nb：0.02%；Cr：
0.005%, Zr：0.02%, B：0.005%, Nd：0.005%, Ni：0.001%, Zn：0.005%, surplus Al.Alloy exists
After melting furnace fusing, Al-5Ti-B fining agents are added under 750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carry out at fine degenerate
Reason adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, by the molten aluminium alloy prepared after skimming
Liquid injects in low-pressure casting thermal insulation furnace, tests molten aluminum density 2.54g/m at this time3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 300 DEG C, lower die and cast gate sleeving temperature are pre-
Heat is to 360 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure of 25kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 2.0kPa/s, and metal bath is logical
Cross stalk rising；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure in type stage for 40kPa, it is 4.0kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, makes aluminium alloy at this
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold under pressure, until die cavity is all filled
Full, metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure extremely
880kPa, pressurize 60s make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
Knuckle casting and conventional low casting device and method institute obtained by casting device and casting technique through embodiment 1
It must turn part to compare, significantly reduce (as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4) the defects of shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, the tensile strength at thick position greatly is by 291.3MPa
It is increased to 347.1MPa, yield strength is increased to 272.95 by 231.5MPa, and elongation percentage is increased to 10.17% by 5.72%, point
19.2%, 17.9% and 77.8% (as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6) is not improved.In addition the yield rate of product is made through the present embodiment 1
It is also improved compared with conventional cast device and technique.
Embodiment 2
The low pressure of the present invention is filled into type High Pressure Solidification casting device on APC1500A type differential pressure pressurization casting machines, it is right
Aluminium alloy automobile motor casing casting carries out differential pressure pressurization casting, and technical process is as follows：
The method that type High Pressure Solidification casting device carries out counter-pressure casting aluminium alloy castings is filled using the low pressure, including such as
Lower step：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：7.0%, Mg：0.45%, Fe：
0.12%, Mn：0.1%, Ti：0.15%, Sr：0.015%；Cu:0.10%, RE：0.010%, Nb：0.05%；Cr：
0.008%, Zr：0.01%, B：0.005%, Nd：0.005%, Ni：0.005%, Zn：0.009%, surplus Al.Alloy exists
After melting furnace fusing, Al-5Ti-B fining agents are added under 750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carry out at fine degenerate
Reason adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 730 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, chemical composition sample taken, at division
The molten aluminum alloy melt prepared is transported to counter-pressure casting machine by pneumatic casting ladle after lattice, and is rapidly injected the casting of counter-pressure casting machine
In holding furnace, it is 2.53g/m to test molten aluminum density at this time3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 320 DEG C, lower die and cast gate sleeving temperature are pre-
Heat is to 330 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure difference of 35kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 3.5kPa/s, metal bath
Risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 70kPa, it is 5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, and aluminium alloy is made to exist
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold under the pressure, until die cavity is all filled
Full, metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference extremely
150000kPa, pressurize 40s make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
Part phase is turned with obtained by Traditional differential pressure casting device and method with regard to motor casing casting obtained by method using apparatus of the present invention
It is significantly reduced than the defects of, shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, the tensile strength at thick big position is increased to 365.1MPa, yield strength by 311.3MPa
270.9MPa is increased to by 220.5MPa, elongation percentage is increased to 12.17% by 7.72%, has been respectively increased 17.2%, 22.9%
And 57.6%.
Embodiment 3
The low pressure of the present invention is filled into type High Pressure Solidification casting device on pressure adjusting casting machine, to aluminium alloy automobile motor
Fan casting carries out adjustable pressure casting, and technical process is as follows：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：7.5%, Mg：0.60%, Fe：
0.20%, Mn：0.1%, Ti：0.15%, Sr：0.05%；Cu:0.01%, RE：0.10%, Nb：0.01%；Cr：0.001%,
Zr：0.01%, B：0.01%, Nd：0.002%, Ni：0.005%, Zn：0.008%, surplus Al.Alloy is melted in melting furnace
Afterwards, Al-5Ti-B fining agents are added under 750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carry out fine degenerate processing, at 730 DEG C
The nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type is added under temperature condition and carries out refinery by de-gassing, and the molten aluminum alloy melt prepared is injected into casting after skimming
In machine holding furnace, it is 2.55g/m to test molten aluminum density at this time3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, vacuumized, and upper mold and spreader are preheated to 400 DEG C, lower die and cast gate
Sleeving temperature is preheated to 360 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure difference of 18~40kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 4.0kPa/s, metal
Melt is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 80kPa, it is 5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, and aluminium alloy is made to exist
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold under the pressure, until die cavity is all filled
Full, metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, by being driven under spreader positioned at the spreader driving device of die top
Row, spreader round platform are pressed on sprue bush, form sealing structure, are closed the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity, are protected at this time
Warm furnace pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference extremely
130000kPa, pressurize 100s make metal bath crystallization and freezing under the pressure difference；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
Using apparatus of the present invention with regard to aluminium alloy automobile electric motor fan casting obtained by method and traditional adjustable pressure casting device and side
The defects of casting is compared obtained by method, shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity significantly reduces, and the tensile strength at thick big position is increased to by 341.3MPa
385.4MPa, yield strength are increased to 280.7MPa by 250.5MPa, and elongation percentage is increased to 14.7% by 8.65%, is respectively increased
12.9%, 12.1% and 69.9%.
Apparatus of the present invention close molten aluminum entrance, holding furnace release after filling type so that molten aluminum by using spreader
Rapid reflux, avoids and forms scull in liter liquid channel, influences subsequent cycle production, while process of setting is not to use gas
It is pressurizeed by holding furnace, but independently pressurized mechanism is used to be pressurized the molten aluminum in cavity, may not need and consider holding furnace intensity
Etc. influence factors significantly improve the performance of casting to reach very high pressure value.
In addition, in another preferred embodiment, spreader is composite construction in casting device, including internal layer and outer
Layer, outer layer are heat-resisting alloy, and internal layer is fine copper, and internal layer is equipped with water-cooling channel, the thickness of the outer layer heat-resisting alloy is 5~
10mm, the water-cooling channel include that annular conical surface enters aquaporin and round exhalant canal.It is all used in presently used spreader resistance to
Thermalloy manufactures, and the cost of heat-resisting alloy is low, heat-resist, but thermal conductivity is not high, is tended not to when carrying out water cooling rapid cold
But, the present invention uses composite construction, internal layer to use the good fine copper of thermal conductivity, temperature can be reduced rapidly in water cooling, is being increased
Add and significantly improves the spreader service life under conditions of little cost.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not imposed any restrictions to the present invention, every according to the present invention
Technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and equivalent structure made by above example, still falls within skill of the present invention
In the protection domain of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low pressure fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device, it is characterised in that：The low pressure fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device packet
Included holding furnace, stalk (1), template, mold, thermal insulation cup (4), sprue bush (5), filter screen, spreader (6), pressing mechanism,
Spreader driving device, pressure plate, die cavity and pressurised driving device；
There is metal bath in the holding furnace, the mold includes upper mold (10) and lower die (3), the upper mold (10) and lower die
(3) die cavity (11) is formed between, the template includes cope plate (13) and lower template (2), and lower die (3) is installed on lower template (2)
On, upper mold (10) is installed on cope plate (13), and the stalk (1) is located in holding furnace, and passes through thermal insulation cup (4) cast gate
(5) connection die cavity (11) is covered, spreader (6) is located in die cavity (11), and face sprue bush (5) and the metal bath of die cavity (11) enter
At mouthful, plays the role of shunting to molten aluminum in liter liquid stage and be oriented to and be compacted filter screen；It connects and drives in pressurised driving device (8)
Dynamic pressure plate (9), pressure plate (9) connection drive pressing mechanism, and pressing mechanism is located at mold top, and the spreader (6) can be
Lower realize of spreader driving device (8) driving moves up and down, can be in the metal bath for connecting sprue bush (5) with die cavity (11)
Entrance is closed or is opened；Pressurised driving device connection driving pressure plate (9), pressure plate (9) connection drive pressing mechanism, pressuring machine
Structure is located at master on mold, can apply pressure to metal bath after entrance closing；
Spreader (6) includes the shunting tip body (62) of lower part and the cylinder (61) on top, the shunting tip body (62)
Maximum gauge is less than the diameter of cylinder (61), forms a step (611), and the step (611) is used under spreader (6)
It is pressed in when row above sprue bush (5), forms sealing structure；
The shunting tip body (62) from tip to step (611) is the first bending section (621), the second bending section (622) and the
The tip of three bending sections (623), the first bending section (621) is fillet；Second bending section (622) and the first bending section (621) phase
It cuts, bending direction is identical as the first bending section (621), and radius of curvature is more than the first bending section (621) radius of curvature；Third is curved
Tune (623) and the second bending section (622) are tangent, and bending direction and the second bending section (622) are on the contrary, radius of curvature is less than the
Two bending sections (622) radius of curvature.
2. low pressure according to claim 1 fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device, it is characterised in that：To shunt tip bottom
Point as origin, shunting tip is lateral, i.e., vertically shunting tip direction is used as X-axis, and shunting tip is longitudinal, i.e., parallel split-flow is sharp
Extreme direction meets following relationship as Y-axis, side profile curve：
The contour line of first bending section (621) meets y=-0.019x3+0.333x2+ 0.2095x, and the value of x is 0~6；
The contour line of second bending section (622) meets y=-0.0342x3-0.5139x2+ 4.8803x-808.15, and the value of x
It is 5~15；
The contour line of third bending section (623) meets y=-0.1065x3+ 5.569x-4.6267, and the value of x is 14~25.
3. low pressure according to claim 1 fills type High Pressure Solidification casting device, it is characterised in that：The pressing mechanism is
Ring plug or pressure rod.
4. filling type High Pressure Solidification casting device according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them low pressure, it is characterised in that：Casting dress
The antigravity casting machine or extrusion casting machine set.
5. filling type High Pressure Solidification casting device according to a kind of low pressure of Claims 1 to 4 any one of them carries out low pressure casting
Method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, after skimming
By in the molten aluminum alloy melt injection low-pressure casting thermal insulation furnace prepared, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 200~360 DEG C, lower die and cast gate sleeving temperature are pre-
Heat is to 250~400 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure of 15~25kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 1.5~2.5kPa/s, and metal is molten
Body is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure in type stage for 28~50kPa, it is 1.6~4.0kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, makes aluminium alloy
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold at this pressure, until by die cavity whole
It is full of, metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, spreader downlink is driven by the spreader driving device positioned at die top, point
Flow cone round platform is pressed on sprue bush, forms sealing structure, the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity is closed, at this time in holding furnace
Pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, and increase pressure to 100~
1500kPa, 10~80s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
6. filling type High Pressure Solidification casting device according to a kind of low pressure of Claims 1 to 4 any one of them carries out counter-pressure casting
Method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, takes chemistry
Ingredient sample, the aluminum alloy melt that molten will be prepared after ingredient qualification is transported to counter-pressure casting machine by pneumatic casting ladle, and is rapidly injected
In the cast insulation stove of counter-pressure casting machine, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, upper mold and spreader is preheated to 250~350 DEG C, lower die and cast gate sleeving temperature are pre-
Heat is to 300~430 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure difference of 20~35kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 2.0~4.5kPa/s, metal
Melt is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 36~70kPa, it is 2.5~5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, makes alloy
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold liquid at this pressure, until die cavity is complete
Portion is full of, and metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, spreader downlink is driven by the spreader driving device positioned at die top, point
Flow cone round platform is pressed on sprue bush, forms sealing structure, the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity is closed, at this time in holding furnace
Pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, increases pressure difference to 1000
~150000kPa, 10~60s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
7. filling type High Pressure Solidification casting device according to a kind of low pressure of Claims 1 to 4 any one of them carries out adjustable pressure casting
Method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) aluminium alloy is prepared according to certain proportioning, specific mass percent is：Si：6.5~7.5%, Mg：0.2~
0.65%, Fe：0.05~0.20%, Mn：0.05~0.1%, Ti：0.12~0.15%, Sr：0.01~0.05%；Cu:0.01
~0.30%, RE：0.002~0.30%, Nb：0.01~0.05%；Cr：0.001~0.20%, Zr：0.01~0.02%, B：
0.005~0.01%, Nd：0.002~0.005%, Ni：0.001~0.05%, Zn：0.001~0.01%, surplus Al.It closes
Gold adds Al-5Ti-B fining agents under 740~750 DEG C of temperature conditions and Al-10Sr alterants carries out after melting furnace fusing
Fine degenerate processing adds the nuisanceless refining agent of Self-sinking type under 720~740 DEG C of temperature conditions and carries out refinery by de-gassing, after skimming
By in the molten aluminum alloy melt injection casting machine holding furnace prepared, molten aluminum density is tested at this time and is not less than 2.52g/m3；
(2) debugging preparation is carried out to casting machine, vacuumized, and upper mold and spreader are preheated to 220~400 DEG C, lower die and poured
Muzzle preheating temperature is to 200~360 DEG C；
(3) apply the pressure difference of 18~40kPa to the metal bath in holding furnace, liter liquid speed degree is 1.8~4.0kPa/s, metal
Melt is risen by stalk；
(4) it adjusts and fills the mold filling pressure difference in type stage for 40~80kPa, it is 2.0~5.5kPa/s to fill type pumping rate, makes alloy
Quick and stable enters by thermal insulation cup and sprue bush in the die cavity between lower die and upper mold liquid at this pressure, until die cavity is complete
Portion is full of, and metal bath is with layer flow mode Stable Filling；
(5) after metal bath is completely filled with die cavity, spreader downlink is driven by the spreader driving device positioned at die top, point
Flow cone round platform is pressed on sprue bush, forms sealing structure, the metal bath entrance of sprue bush and die cavity is closed, at this time in holding furnace
Pressure release；
(6) pressurised driving device driving pressing mechanism pressurizes to the metal bath of solidification stages, and increase pressure difference to 800~
160000kPa, 10~100s of pressurize make metal bath crystallization and freezing at this pressure；
(7) after casting solidification, demoulded, ejected, casting post-processing etc. normal process steps.
8. the device and method described in claim 4, which is characterized in that after filling type and terminating and close metal bath entrance, protect
Warm furnace pressure release, the metal bath in sprue bush (5), thermal insulation cup (4) and stalk (1) flow back into holding furnace.
9. the method described in claim 5, which is characterized in that the pressure that the pressing mechanism applies the metal bath in cavity
Ranging from 0.1MPa~160Mpa.
10. the device and method described in claim 1~9, the casting device can be used for cast housing class, frame clsss, staving
The antigravity casting of class casting or extrusion casint, compared with casting obtained by corresponding conventional casting methods, the shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity of casting is bright
Aobvious to reduce, intensity can improve 5~40%, and elongation percentage can be improved 30~100%.
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| CN115415504A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 东风汽车零部件(集团)有限公司通用铸锻分公司 | Casting equipment and process method of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy |
| CN117884603A (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-04-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Vacuum pressure-regulating casting method for aluminum-based composite brake disc |
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