CN108323462A - A kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108323462A
CN108323462A CN201810129183.5A CN201810129183A CN108323462A CN 108323462 A CN108323462 A CN 108323462A CN 201810129183 A CN201810129183 A CN 201810129183A CN 108323462 A CN108323462 A CN 108323462A
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less salt
blood clam
salinity
water
resistance
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CN108323462B (en
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吴彪
刘志鸿
郑言鑫
孙秀俊
周丽青
于涛
杨爱国
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/54Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed, belong to technical field of aquaculture, the method is by establishing stalwart blood clam basic population, less salt three times is carried out using 72 hours semilethal salinity 14 of stalwart blood clam to coerce, stalwart blood clam different developmental phases individual is coerced by less salt, and then filters out the stalwart blood clam with excellent resistance to less salt character.The method of the present invention can effectively make the resistance to less salt capability improving of stalwart blood clam, the seed cultivated significantly increases less salt tolerance and salinity adaptability adaptability, it is suitble to the less salt pond in Hekou Area to keep a full stand of seedings, less salt marine site cultivates and proliferation, chain-type development can be formed in Hekou Area, stalwart blood clam culturing area is further expanded, stalwart blood clam industry development is actively promoted.

Description

A kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed
Technical field:
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, a kind of specifically breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed.
Background technology:
Stalwart blood clam is a kind of economic blood clam class of large size, has stronger adaptive capacity to environment, is widely distributed in west of pacific ocean edge Marine site, the resource distribution of China chief blood clam are in the majority with the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea of depth of water number meter to tens meters.Stalwart blood clam adult individuals are big, maximum shell Long reachable 10cm or more, and delicious flavour, are rich in high protein, and in China and Japan, South Korea etc., country is well received, and economical Value is very high, is the important export processing shellfish in China.Due to the influence of habitat variation and human activity, last century 90 Since age, China chief blood clam natural resources amount and yield presentation are decreased obviously trend, have seriously hindered the health hair of industry Exhibition.Fall sharply present situation in face of stock number, is to restore and increase the important channel of stock number by artificial seed's supplement.Immediate offshore area, Especially river entrance area inorganic nutrient content is high, and plankton species are abundant, are very suitable for filter-feeding chief blood clam Growth.But Hekou Area seawater salinity is relatively low, and fluctuates acutely, is easy to damage to body, causes to cultivate the big of stalwart blood clam Criticize death.On the other hand, by sea pond is kept a full stand of seedings be a kind of important intermediate rearing of marine shellfish in the way of, in stalwart blood clam, scallop Etc. being widely used in a variety of shellfishes.But, sea pond place and size are fixed, and the fresh water injection in rainy season in summer often makes water salt Degree also results in water salinity less than sea area, especially heavy rain and drastically declines, and keeps a full stand of seedings to stalwart blood clam and brings fatal harm.It establishes and cultivates The technical method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed promotes stalwart blood clam seed in the adaptability in less salt sea area and pond, can improve energetically Its survival rate is kept a full stand of seedings and is cultivated for development Hekou Area chief blood clam, and restoring stalwart blood clam resource has important scientific meaning and practice Value.
To push the sea-farming industry of Hekou Area, the production Cultivating techniques of seawater animal less salt seed and kind (being) Research is carried out in multiple species such as sea cucumber, Portunus trituberculatus Miers, and ideal effect is achieved.It is resistance to have not yet to see stalwart blood clam The research of less salt seed rearing is reported.Stalwart blood clam is a kind of stronger benthic mollusca of adaptability, by determining specific trait There is very strong operability come the production performance for improving objective trait to domestication.
Invention content:
For the present situation for lacking resistance to less salt chief blood clam rearing of fingerling report at present, the present invention provides a kind of resistance to less salt chief blood clam The breeding method of seed, technical problems to be solved are to establish stalwart blood clam basic population, coerce stalwart blood clam by less salt on this basis Different developmental phases individual, and then the stalwart blood clam with excellent resistance to less salt character is filtered out, it is used for the stalwart blood clam Seedling production of resistance to less salt, with It improves the stalwart blood clam seed in less salt area and puts survival rate in a suitable place to breed, expand stalwart blood clam culturing area.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed, mainly includes the following steps that:
A, it lays eggs the previous moon in natural waters chief blood clam, collects Hekou Area chief's blood clam adult, it is desirable that the long 8cm or more of shell, shell The energetic stalwart blood clam of surface intact unbroken, physical health is as basic group;
B, above-mentioned basic population is moved into interior, with 40-50/m3The density of water body is cultivated, and during which feeds Micro Algae, often Day morning changes water 1/2, falls that pond is primary, and water keeps lasting inflation night;
C, after the basic population cultivates one week adaptation nurturing an environment indoors, less salt stress and screening are carried out;Specific side Method is:Seawater salinity is adjusted to 14, continuous stress 96 hours, other breeding conditions remain unchanged;It is a surviving after stress Energetic individual is screened in body and is placed in the seawater of salinity 28 and continues to cultivate, and selection intensity controls within 20%;It filters out Individual carry out fattening cultivation as core Qin Bei groups;
D, it after the core parent shellfish group gland maturity, is hastened parturition using the close shellfish of heating stimulus method progress and completes to be fertilized; In 30-40/ml, during which it is primary to stir pond to D-shaped larva per half an hour for lasting inflation hatching for hatching density control;It is above-mentioned hasten parturition, Fertilization and hatching process are completed in the seawater that salinity is 28;
E, described in step d D-shaped embryophore length be more than 80 μm when select it is excellent, select it is excellent after cultivated in the seawater of salinity 28;
F, when the D-shaped embryophore grows 150 μm, less salt stress is carried out to larva;Stress conditions are that the stress 96 of salinity 14 is small When, other breeding conditions remain unchanged;After stress, stop inflation 30 minutes, collects the water body upper layer young, pond to salinity Continue to cultivate to eyebot larvae in 28 seawater;When eyespot occur in 30-40% larvas, launches attachment base and is convenient for larva settlement and metamorphosis, To outbound, water is changed daily twice, and quantity of exchanged water 150% feeds chrysophyceae, chlorella and flat algae;
G, after larva whole settlement and metamorphosis, stablize and carry out third time less salt stress after cultivating 3 days;Stress conditions are salinity 14 Stress 96 hours, other breeding conditions remain unchanged;Less salt stress after in 28 seawater of salinity stablize cultivate embryophore grow to 800-100 μm can outbound.
Further, the Micro Algae described in step b is Nitzschia closterlum and chlorella.
Further, when step d parents shellfish oviposition sperm drainage, choose the close shellfish of male for discharging sperm in time to avoid sperm mistake Amount, and stirring water makes smart ovum be uniformly distributed.
Further, the step e:As larva individual increases in cultivating process, density is adjusted in real time, is matched based on chrysophyceae Close chlorella to be fed, change water day twice, day quantity of exchanged water 100% or more, it is primary to fall pond every 7 days.
The resistance to less salt ability of seed can be effectively improved using the above method, realizes the large-scale production of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed.
It is compared with the prior art, the technology of the present invention has advantageous effect:
1,72 hours semilethal salinity 14 of Selection utilization chief blood clam of the present invention carry out less salt stress three times, and stress and screening are strong It spends larger, can effectively make the resistance to less salt capability improving of stalwart blood clam, the seed cultivated adapts to less salt tolerance and salinity adaptability Ability significantly increases, be suitble to the less salt pond in Hekou Area to keep a full stand of seedings, less salt marine site cultivation and proliferation, can be formed in Hekou Area Chain-type develops, and further expands stalwart blood clam culturing area, actively promotes stalwart blood clam industry development.
2, the present invention is simple and practicable, and operability is strong, is not required to particular facility, equipment, almost can be in all shellfish hatchery fields Implement.
Specific implementation mode:
With reference to the embodiment technical solution that present invention be described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
A, it lays eggs the previous moon namely May in natural waters chief blood clam, collects the long 8cm or more of Hekou Area shell, shell surface The energetic stalwart blood clam of intact unbroken, physical health is as basic group.
B, the stalwart blood clam of collection immigration interior is cultivated, cultivation density is 40/m3Water body, cultivate water temperature be seawater from Right temperature, cooperation feed Nitzschia closterlum, chlorella, and the daily morning changes water 1/2, fall that pond is primary, and water keeps continuing night Inflation.
C, indoor culture one week, stalwart blood clam is in good condition, carries out less salt stress.Seawater salinity is adjusted to the fresh water after aeration 14, the continuous stalwart blood clam of stress 96 hours, other breeding conditions remain unchanged;After 96 hours, selected in the stalwart blood clam of survival energetic Individual 100 carries out fattening cultivation as core Qin Bei groups, and the close shellfish that will be singled out, which is placed in the seawater of salinity 28, to continue to train It educates.Stablize after a week, accelerating is carried out to stalwart blood clam using temperature-raising method, 0.5 DEG C of heating daily often heats up 5 days and stablizes 2 days, is warming up to 21 DEG C of constant temperature wait producing.
D, it after core Qin Bei groups sexual gland full maturity, is hastened parturition to close shellfish using heating stimulus method, close shellfish oviposition row When smart, choose male close shellfish in time and avoid sperm excessive.Hatchery is stirred after oviposition, make smart ovum uniformly mix completion by Essence, in 30/milliliter or so, during which it is primary to stir pond to D-shaped larva per half an hour for lasting inflation hatching for hatching density control.On State hasten parturition, be fertilized and hatching process salinity be 28 seawater in complete, hatch 23 DEG C of water temperature.
E, fertilized eggs are by being developed to D-shaped larva for 20 hours, when microscopically observation shell length is more than 80 μm, with siphonage into Row selects excellent.Larvae cultivation density is 15/milliliter, and it is 23 DEG C to cultivate water temperature, and it is 28 to cultivate seawater salinity, and bait is Gold genesis Based on cooperation chlorella fed, change water day twice, day quantity of exchanged water 100% or more, it is primary to fall within every 7 days pond, and according to larva Density is cultivated in Individual Size, in real time adjustment.
F, by cultivation in 13 days, D-shaped embryophore length grows to 150 μm, starts to carrying out second of less salt stress.It will be young Worm fall pond to salinity be 14 seawater in, cultivate 96 hours, other breeding conditions remain unchanged.After 96 hours, stop inflating, 30 points The water body upper layer young is collected using siphonage after clock, continues to cultivate in pond to 28 seawater of salinity to eyebot larvae, cultivate one day After carry out down pond, eliminate dead and weak vigor larva, larva survival rate is about 40%, and bait is based on chrysophyceae, later stage cooperation Use chlorella.It was cultivated by 28 days, when eyespot occur in 30-40% larvas, launches polyethylene mesh sheet attachment base, larva is made to adhere to It is abnormal.To outbound, water is changed daily twice, and quantity of exchanged water 150% feeds Gold genesis, chlorella, flat algae.
G, by one week larva whole settlement and metamorphosis, larval metamorphosis rate is about 70%, stablizes and carries out third time after cultivating 3 days Less salt is coerced.Seawater salinity will be cultivated and be down to 14, cultivated 96 hours, other breeding conditions remain unchanged.It will be cultivated after 96 hours Salinity rises to 28, and largely changes water, eliminates dead and weak vigor individual.Continue to cultivate in the seawater that salinity is 28, larva When shell is grown to 800 μm, starts to reduce and cultivate water temperature, 1 DEG C of drop, when water temperature is down to identical as natural temperature, goes out after stablizing 2 days daily Library.
Embodiment 2
The stalwart blood clam of 1 outbound of embodiment moves into the Brackish water Pond pond that salinity is 25 or so mid-July and keeps a full stand of seedings, and keeps a full stand of seedings Three months, during which there is a rainfall, salinity fluctuation range 21-27, the seed normally cultivated with the same period is as a contrast.After keeping a full stand of seedings, stalwart blood clam Juvenile mollusk grows to 1-2cm and starts to be divided into seedlings, the survival of grab sample statistics and growing state (table 1).The result shows that being coerced through less salt young Shellfish keep a full stand of seedings survival rate be 44.52 ± 3.79%, than control group improve about 27.13%;A length of 1.76 ± the 0.26cm of shell, compares control group Improve about 5.2%.1 resistance to less salt seed of table and the growth of normal seed, survival contrast table

Claims (4)

1. a kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed, it is characterised in that it includes the following steps:
A, it lays eggs the previous moon in natural waters chief blood clam, collects Hekou Area chief's blood clam adult, it is desirable that the long 8cm or more of shell, shell surface The energetic stalwart blood clam of intact unbroken, physical health is as basic group;
B, above-mentioned basic population is moved into interior, with 40-50/m3The density of water body is cultivated, and Micro Algae is during which fed, it is daily on Noon changes water 1/2, falls that pond is primary, and water keeps lasting inflation night;
C, after the basic population cultivates one week adaptation nurturing an environment indoors, less salt stress and screening are carried out;Specific method is: Seawater salinity is adjusted to 14, continuous stress 96 hours, other breeding conditions remain unchanged;After stress, in surviving individual It screens energetic individual and is placed in the seawater of salinity 28 and continue to cultivate, selection intensity controls within 20%;Filtered out Body carries out fattening cultivation as core Qin Bei groups;
D, it after the core parent shellfish group gland maturity, is hastened parturition using the close shellfish of heating stimulus method progress and completes to be fertilized;Hatching For density domination in 30-40/ml, during which it is primary to stir pond to D-shaped larva per half an hour for lasting inflation hatching;It is above-mentioned to hasten parturition, be fertilized It is completed in the seawater that salinity is 28 with hatching process;
E, described in step d D-shaped embryophore length be more than 80 μm when select it is excellent, select it is excellent after cultivated in the seawater of salinity 28;
F, when the D-shaped embryophore grows 150 μm, less salt stress is carried out to larva;Stress conditions are that salinity 14 is coerced 96 hours, He remains unchanged breeding condition;After stress, stop inflation 30 minutes, collect the water body upper layer young, pond to 28 sea of salinity Continue to cultivate to eyebot larvae in water;When eyespot occur in 30-40% larvas, launches attachment base and be convenient for larva settlement and metamorphosis, until going out Before library, water is changed daily twice, and quantity of exchanged water 150% feeds chrysophyceae, chlorella and flat algae;
G, after larva whole settlement and metamorphosis, stablize and carry out third time less salt stress after cultivating 3 days;Stress conditions are coerced for salinity 14 96 hours, other breeding conditions remained unchanged;Stablize cultivation embryophore in 28 seawater of salinity after less salt stress to grow to 800-100 It μm can outbound.
2. a kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in its step b Micro Algae is Nitzschia closterlum and chlorella.
3. a kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step d parent shellfishes lay eggs When sperm drainage, choose the close shellfish of male for discharging sperm in time to avoid sperm excess, and stirring water makes smart ovum be uniformly distributed.
4. a kind of breeding method of resistance to less salt chief blood clam seed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step e is cultivated In the process as larva individual increases, density is adjusted in real time, is coordinated chlorella to be fed based on chrysophyceae, is changed water day twice, Day 100% or more quantity of exchanged water, it is primary to fall pond every 7 days.
CN201810129183.5A 2018-02-08 2018-02-08 Cultivation method of low-salt-resistant Arca inflata Reeve seedlings Active CN108323462B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109197707A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-15 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 A kind of static acute toxicity testing method of the saline and alkaline water quality conformability evaluation of razor clam of hanging
CN111838035A (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-10-30 浙江万里学院 Method for screening sinonovacula constricta with strong salt tolerance by using osmotic pressure
CN115005136A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-09-06 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Efficient culture method for high-temperature-resistant strains of coastal scapharca subcrenata in north

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JP2005073678A (en) * 2003-09-04 2005-03-24 Taisei Corp Eelgrass bed
CN102499130A (en) * 2011-10-18 2012-06-20 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Breeding method of low-salt-resistant line of blue crab
CN104488762A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-08 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for hybridizing different geographical colonies and rearing seeds of scapharca broughtonii
CN104957055A (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-10-07 山东省海洋生物研究院 Seed selection method for stichopus japonicas seeds with protosalt resistance

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030090977A (en) * 2002-05-24 2003-12-01 대한민국 (부경대학교총장) Method of black seabream culture in fresh water
JP2005073678A (en) * 2003-09-04 2005-03-24 Taisei Corp Eelgrass bed
CN102499130A (en) * 2011-10-18 2012-06-20 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Breeding method of low-salt-resistant line of blue crab
CN104488762A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-08 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 Method for hybridizing different geographical colonies and rearing seeds of scapharca broughtonii
CN104957055A (en) * 2015-06-04 2015-10-07 山东省海洋生物研究院 Seed selection method for stichopus japonicas seeds with protosalt resistance

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109197707A (en) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-15 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 A kind of static acute toxicity testing method of the saline and alkaline water quality conformability evaluation of razor clam of hanging
CN111838035A (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-10-30 浙江万里学院 Method for screening sinonovacula constricta with strong salt tolerance by using osmotic pressure
CN115005136A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-09-06 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 Efficient culture method for high-temperature-resistant strains of coastal scapharca subcrenata in north

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