CN108321691B - High-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions - Google Patents

High-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108321691B
CN108321691B CN201810117766.6A CN201810117766A CN108321691B CN 108321691 B CN108321691 B CN 108321691B CN 201810117766 A CN201810117766 A CN 201810117766A CN 108321691 B CN108321691 B CN 108321691B
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switch cabinet
sensor
breaker
control device
measurement
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CN108321691A (en
Inventor
李宏仁
肖红
曾庆才
杨帆
冯权龙
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Individual
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Priority to CN201810117766.6A priority Critical patent/CN108321691B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/082106 priority patent/WO2019153478A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/26—Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/30—Cabinet-type casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
    • H02B13/065—Means for detecting or reacting to mechanical or electrical defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D11/24—Housings ; Casings for instruments
    • G01D11/245—Housings for sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D4/00—Tariff metering apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/01—Frameworks
    • H02B1/014—Corner connections for frameworks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/26—Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/30—Cabinet-type casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/32—Mounting of devices therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/56—Cooling; Ventilation
    • H02B1/565—Cooling; Ventilation for cabinets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B11/00—Switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation
    • H02B11/12—Switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation with isolation by horizontal withdrawal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/30—Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions, which comprises compartments and a comprehensive measurement and control device arranged in a secondary chamber, wherein a first metal shielding cover for mounting a sensor is arranged on a partition plate between a cable chamber and a bus chamber in a cable chamber of the switch cabinet, a first preset part of the first metal shielding cover is positioned at a height J of 10-40 cm away from a lower outgoing line of a circuit breaker and at a position facing a central line of 0-15 cm of a phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B, and at least part of the first preset part is hollowed; the invention realizes the integration of the detection point of the insulation defect and the thermal defect detection at the same position, thereby further changing the switch cabinet into intelligent power supply equipment with self monitoring, self protection and self control.

Description

High-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power supply and distribution equipment, in particular to a high-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions.
Background
High-voltage switch cabinets are common devices of power supply systems, and their structure generally includes: the bus chamber, the breaker chamber, the cable chamber, the secondary chamber and the internal components thereof. The switch cabinet is manufactured without considering the problem of how to monitor the switch cabinet, so the switch cabinet does not have a monitoring function and a structure corresponding to the monitoring function. Due to manufacturing quality and equipment aging, various defects and faults occur inside the switch cabinet during operation, such as overheating, insulation aging, discharging, flashover, mechanical jamming, malfunction and the like, and the defects often eventually develop into serious switch cabinet accidents. Among the various drawbacks of the switchgear, overheating due to the thermal defect of poor contact is the most troublesome problem in the electric power field. The publication No. CN102243285A discloses a fault detection device and method based on temperature and current analysis, which solves the problem of thermal defect of bus lapping fault judgment by combining joint temperature and current to a certain extent, but because the scheme is provided with elements such as a temperature sensor, a current sensor, a high-voltage side data acquisition module and high and low voltage data transmission modules on the high-voltage side, potential safety hazards exist. In the document ZL201310519918.2, a method is proposed to help find out the thermal defect of the switchgear cabinet which may overheat due to poor contact by detecting the air temperature of each compartment of the switchgear cabinet instead of a specific contact point and combining the load current with the temperature, the method is as follows: the temperature sensor is arranged on the upper part of each current-carrying compartment space in the high-voltage switch cabinet or in a cavity communicated with the compartment space on the top cover plate of the switch cabinet (0008). Although the scheme better solves the problems of safety of the monitoring system, incompleteness of monitoring parts, over-complexity of the system and the like, the inventor further researches and discovers that: in field practice, if the thermal defects of the switch cabinet are detected according to the scheme, the analysis result is often wrong, and it is often difficult to judge whether the defects exist or not and where the defects generally occur. In addition, a great deal of research is carried out by people for finding various defects of the switch cabinet in time, various types of detection equipment are developed, but the equipment is added afterwards, so that the original structure and state of the switch cabinet are changed, the difficulty is brought to the later operation and maintenance of the switch cabinet, and unsafe factors are increased. Moreover, various monitoring devices are often complex and self-contained, and it is difficult to install many different systems in a switch cabinet. Although it has long been proposed to integrate defect monitoring into a unified system, it is difficult to integrate the defect monitoring and the signal detection into a whole because the operating principle of defect monitoring, especially the high voltage part, and the difference between the signal detection part and the detection mode are too large. Since this problem is not solved, most of the switch cabinets are still in an unmonitored state. On the other hand, along with the progress of the times, the dependence of people on electricity is more and more great, a high-voltage switch cabinet which is simple in structure, does not change the original structure of the switch cabinet as much as possible and has the function of comprehensively monitoring various defects is very needed in an electric power system, and particularly, due to the general implementation of an unattended substation, the switch cabinet which has the functions of remotely controlling the handcart to enter and exit and the like is more needed, so that the management and the maintenance are convenient, and the time for power failure inspection and maintenance is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-voltage switch cabinet, aiming at overcoming the defects of the existing switch cabinet, and hopefully, on the premise of not changing the original structure of the switch cabinet as much as possible, detection points for monitoring the defects of high-voltage parts are organically integrated at the same position through certain structures which are as simple as possible and less investment, so that the technical effect of integrating the monitoring and the control of various defects of the switch cabinet into a unified intelligent center is finally achieved, and the switch cabinet can better adapt to the requirements of the modern society on electric power.
The basic idea of the invention is as follows: 1. the method is characterized in that the problem of good thermal defect monitoring is solved as a breakthrough, the existing detection technology is combed and improved, and the aim of realizing various defect detection of the high-voltage part of the switch cabinet at the same part is achieved; 2. a common channel capable of meeting the detection of various high-voltage defect information is arranged in the high-voltage compartment of the switch cabinet, so that various sensors and connecting wires are installed in the common channel; 3. a unified intelligent management center, namely a novel switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is arranged in the switch cabinet, so that the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device can monitor and analyze various information and parameters and can automatically operate and control the switch cabinet.
The inventor researches and considers that the defects of the switch cabinet can be basically classified into three types, namely 1, thermal defects caused by poor contact and the like; 2. an insulation defect; 3 mechanical defect. Thermal defects, particularly due to poor contact, are often considered the most troublesome problem in power sites, and few and significant deficiencies exist in the current technologies that enable thermal defect monitoring. The detection of the thermal defect of the switch cabinet and the online temperature measurement of the switch cabinet are not the same thing although the connection exists between the switch cabinet and the switch cabinet. The online temperature measurement judges whether the switch cabinet is overheated or not by monitoring the current temperature; although the thermal defect monitoring also needs to detect the temperature, the purpose of determining whether the switch cabinet has the defect of poor contact is to predict whether the switch cabinet may be overheated. Many times, although the temperature at that time is not high, there may still be the disadvantage of poor contact.
In the process of researching thermal defects, the inventor finds that the detection of the air temperature in the high-voltage compartment of the switch cabinet and the detection of the related current can realize the monitoring of the possible thermal defect faults of the switch cabinet in the low-voltage area by performing correlation analysis on the temperature and the current, and as in the document with the patent number ZL201310519918.2, a method for helping to find the thermal defects by detecting the air temperature of each compartment of the switch cabinet instead of a specific contact point and combining the load current of the compartment is proposed, and the heat generation of the switch cabinet is generated by the passed current, so the air temperature of the switch cabinet compartment and the current have corresponding relation. The invention utilizes the principle to find out the thermal defect of the switch cabinet. In short, for example, the temperature rise value of a certain compartment under different currents is recorded at the initial operation stage of the switch cabinet, a chart of the corresponding relation between the temperature rise of the compartment and the currents can be obtained, the measured temperature and the current value are continuously compared with the chart in the later operation stage of the switch cabinet, if the temperature rise value is obviously higher than the temperature rise value under the corresponding current in the chart, the heating rule of the equipment is changed, and the thermal defect of poor contact can exist.
The prior art studies on the problem of thermal defects or overheating are treated by considering the switchgear cabinet and its compartments as a stand-alone system. The inventors have found that the air temperature of a compartment is not only related to the heating of the elements of the present compartment, but also to the heating of the adjacent compartments; therefore, in order to correctly determine whether a thermal defect exists, the temperature of the adjacent compartment and the influence of the temperature of the adjacent compartment must be considered. In the analysis of thermal defects, the air temperature of each compartment is used as an independent variable to influence the analysis result, and the independent variables participating in the analysis are only independent enough, so that correlation analysis performed by the variables can obtain good results, and conversely, if obvious cross-over exists among the variables participating in the analysis, the analysis result is influenced remarkably. However, in practice, the temperatures of the compartments often affect each other, and as the inventor finds in practice, not only the temperatures of the compartments are different, but also the temperatures of points within the same compartment. The inventor finds that in actual operation, the bus bar room is often the highest temperature compartment, and the influence on the temperature of other compartments is the greatest, so for obtaining correct results, the temperature sensors of other compartments should avoid the influence of the bus bar room as far as possible and be far away from the bus bar room; moreover, even if the busbar chamber itself has an uneven internal temperature distribution, the temperature will increase closer to the upper part, and as found in practice, the temperature rise in the lower part of the busbar chamber will often be only half the temperature rise in the upper part, or even lower. The inventors believe that the shorter the path of heat conduction between the heat generating site and the sensor, the less chance of heat exchange occurs; the installation of the temperature sensors in the breaker chamber and the cable chamber should be far away from the high-temperature area of the bus chamber, so that the correct analysis result is more likely to be obtained. Therefore, how to correctly select the installation position of the sensor in the detection of the compartment temperature and how to avoid the influence of the adjacent compartment temperature is important for correctly analyzing the thermal defect. Practice proves that: if the temperature sensor is not properly mounted, the effect is poor and even no problem can be found.
For example, for a cable chamber and a breaker chamber, if the scheme of the comparison document ZL201310519918.2 is adopted: the method of installing a temperature sensor at the upper part of each current-carrying compartment space in a high-voltage switch cabinet or in a cavity on a top cover plate of the switch cabinet communicated with the compartment space is characterized in that the detected temperature data cannot correctly reflect the heating state and characteristics of a contact point due to more heat exchange in the process of rising hot air, the analysis result obtained from the data may have serious deviation, and even if the temperature is detected to be abnormally raised, the problem of which compartment is caused can be difficult to distinguish due to too much heat exchange? How serious is the problem? Therefore, the installation position of the sensor must be well determined to obtain a correct result to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
The effect that this scheme hoped to reach has two: firstly, reliably finding whether an abnormality exists or not and whether a poor-contact thermal defect exists or not; second, finding an anomaly can also help to identify the approximate location of the defect, in which compartment? Here, the compartment temperature actually reflects the integrated temperature of a zone within which monitoring the temperature at which point is most effective requires repeated investigation. The inventor finds out that the following conclusions are: the more heat exchange that takes place midway in the path of the hot air flow to the sensor, the poorer the ability to correctly reflect the fault and the poorer the resolution of the fault occurrence area. In principle, the closer the sensor is to the heating point, the more effective it is, but it must be considered that the heating point is at a high voltage location, a sufficient insulation level must be ensured, and at the same time, the monitoring of a plurality of possible heating locations must be considered.
Therefore, the temperature sensors for the breaker chamber and the cable chamber should be as far away as possible from the high temperature region of the bus bar chamber. That is, rather than "mounted above the respective current carrying compartments" as in the case of the reference ZL201310519918.2, the sensors should be mounted as far down as possible to the heat generating area and at the same time as far away from the bus bar compartment, while satisfying the insulation requirements.
According to repeated exploration, the reasonable positions of the temperature sensor arrangement of each compartment determined by the invention are respectively as follows:
the first path of compartment air temperature sensor is arranged in the middle of the cable chamber and above a lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker, is 10-40 cm away from the lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker and is positioned 0-10 cm away from the central line of a phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B;
the second path of compartment air temperature sensor is arranged in the middle of the breaker chamber, above the breaker phase B, and is positioned at the position of 0-10 cm from the center line of the breaker phase B, and the distance h from the top of the breaker is 10-40 cm;
the third path of compartment air temperature sensor is arranged at a position which is 0-2 cm below an indoor top cover of a switch cabinet bus and is positioned at a position which is 0-3 cm from a vertical central line between two bus bars below a cover plate and 0-20 cm from a central line in the width direction of the switch cabinet.
The following will further describe the positions where the sensors are disposed:
for the cable chamber, in the middle of the cable chamber, the 1 st way compartment temperature sensor, that is, the temperature sensor 14, is located above the lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker, is 10-40 cm away from the height J of the lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker, and is located at a position 0-10 cm away from the central line of the phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B (see fig. 2), if the lower connector or other elements of the cable chamber generate heat, the temperature sensor 14 is located on a path where the hot air flow rises as short as possible, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of the detection result. Meanwhile, the lower outgoing line of the breaker is positioned below the bus chamber and corresponds to the position with the lowest temperature of the bus chamber, so that the influence on the detection result is minimum, and the actual installation positions of the sensors 14 are positioned in the middle and lower parts of the switch cabinet, so that the situation that whether the fault occurs below a diaphragm plate between the cable chamber and the bus chamber is facilitated to be distinguished. If, on the other hand, the sensor 14 is mounted in the upper part of the cable chamber according to the scheme of the reference ZL201310519918.2, practice has shown that in this case, the sensor 14 hardly detects an overheating fault of the components in the cable chamber, and is less likely to analyze and detect a thermal defect, because too much heat is exchanged. As the B phase of the circuit breaker is positioned between the A phase and the C phase in the spatial position, and the temperature sensor 14 is positioned at the position of 0-10 cm near the central line of the outgoing line of the B phase of the circuit breaker, the monitoring of the heating conditions of the two sides is also well considered.
For the breaker chamber, in the middle of the breaker chamber, a 2 nd compartment temperature sensor, namely a temperature sensor 13, is positioned above a breaker B phase in the breaker chamber, and the distance h from the top of the breaker is 10-40 cm. Therefore, the sensor is close to the heating part as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the insulation requirement, and the temperature sensor is relatively positioned at the lower part of the bus chamber with lower temperature, so that the influence of the temperature of the bus chamber is smaller as much as possible. Meanwhile, the space position of the B phase of the circuit breaker is positioned between the A phase and the C phase, the temperature sensor 13 is positioned above the B phase of the circuit breaker in the circuit breaker chamber and is positioned at a position which is 0-10 cm close to the central line of the B phase of the circuit breaker, and the monitoring of the heating conditions of the two sides is also well considered. On the contrary, if the scheme of the comparison file ZL201310519918.2 is adopted: the temperature sensor is arranged on the upper part of each current-carrying compartment space in the high-voltage switch cabinet, namely the sensor is arranged on the upper part of the breaker chamber, and the sensor in the temperature sensor is difficult to accurately reflect the heating condition of the breaker and the related connection part due to the heat exchange and particularly influenced by the bus chamber. Practice also proves that the installation mode has multiple false alarms on the electric power field;
because the inner space of the switch cabinet is narrow and the air insulation margin is not large, in order to avoid reducing the insulation level due to the installation of the sensor, a 3 rd path compartment temperature sensor, namely a bus chamber temperature sensor 12 is arranged in a low voltage area which is 0-2 cm below the top cover of the switch cabinet and at a position which is approximately equal to the distance between two phase bus bars below the cover plate, namely at a position which is 0-3 cm near the vertical center line between the two phase bus bars below the cover plate. Thus, although the sensor is installed, the air insulation distance between the sensor and the high-voltage bus cannot be reduced, and the safety is ensured. The bus bar room sensor 12 is installed at a position 0-20 cm away from the center line of the switch cabinet in the width direction, so that the sensor is located at the center of the bus bar room, and the temperature at the position can better reflect the comprehensive average temperature of the bus bar room.
Further, in order to realize the installation of the sensor at the above reasonable position, that is, in the case of satisfying the insulation requirement, the sensor can be made to approach the position to be monitored as much as possible to reduce the heat exchange which may occur, so as to achieve the ideal detection effect, and at the same time, in order to further concentrate the multiple defect detections of the high-voltage element of the switch cabinet at the same position and reduce the signal attenuation, so as to finally realize the goal that the monitoring of various defects of the switch cabinet can be concentrated at the uniform monitoring center, the invention sets a specially-made metal shielding cover at the corresponding position of the switch cabinet:
a first metal shielding cover used for mounting a sensor is arranged in a cable chamber of a switch cabinet and in the middle of the cable chamber and on a partition board between the cable chamber and a bus chamber, a first preset part of the first metal shielding cover is located at a position which is 10-40 cm away from a lower outgoing line of a circuit breaker and opposite to a central line of a phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B and is 0-15 cm away from the lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker, and at least part of the first preset part is hollowed out. The cable chamber air temperature sensor is arranged at the hollow part.
In the circuit breaker chamber of the switch cabinet, a second metal shielding cover used for installing the sensor is arranged above the circuit breaker in the middle of the circuit breaker chamber, a second preset part of the second metal shielding cover is located at a position 10-40 cm away from the top of the circuit breaker and 0-10 cm away from the center line of the B phase of the circuit breaker, and at least part of the second preset part is hollowed out. The circuit breaker room air temperature sensor is arranged at the hollow part.
And thirdly, a strip-shaped third metal shielding cover for mounting the sensor is arranged on the inner side of the top cover of the switch cabinet bus chamber along the direction parallel to the bus, the shielding cover is positioned at the position 0-4 cm away from the vertical central line between the two bus bars below the cover plate, a third preset part of the shielding cover is positioned at the position 0-20 cm away from the central line in the width direction of the switch cabinet, and at least part of the third preset part is hollowed out.
In order to approach the sensor to an ideal detection position on the premise of ensuring the insulation level, the shape of the metal shielding cover is processed into a proper radian, and meanwhile, the shielding cover is communicated with the switch cabinet shell or the partition plate and forms an equivalent potential body with the switch cabinet shell.
This is due to the installation of the sensor in a high voltage environment, even if the sensor is small and installed in a low voltage area, the presence of the raised conductive object may still result in a local electric field that is too strong, causing the air insulation level to drop. The most important thing for arranging the special metal shielding case is to use the radian of the shielding case to play the roles of uniform space electric field and preventing local electric field intensity from being too strong. For an electric field electrode, the electric field intensity of the surface of the electrode is inversely proportional to the square of the curvature radius of the electrode, the larger the curvature radius of the electrode, the lower the electric field intensity of the surface of the electrode, the more uniform the electric field distribution, and the higher the insulation level of air. Experimental data show that compared with an electrode with the curvature radius equal to 5mm and an element which is processed commonly, the surface electric field intensity of the electrode is reduced by more than dozens of times, and for the specific structure of the switch cabinet, the breakdown voltage level of air is improved by one time or even several times, that is, the insulation level between the sensor and a high-voltage electrified part can be obviously improved by adopting the shielding cover with the proper curvature radius, so that the purpose that the sensor is close to an ideal detection part as far as possible under the condition of not reducing the insulation level is achieved. The curvature radius of the metal shielding cover installed in each compartment is selected to be 3-40 mm according to the actual situation of the electric field of the switch cabinet. Therefore, the problem of heating of a high-voltage current-carrying part in a low-voltage region during monitoring is well solved through the arrangement of the shielding cover, and a foundation is laid for centralized monitoring of other high-voltage defects.
The arrangement of the shield is described in further detail below:
a first metal shielding cover for mounting a sensor is arranged on a partition plate between a cable chamber and a bus chamber in the middle of the cable chamber, one part of the shielding cover is located at a height J of 10-40 cm from a lower outgoing line of a circuit breaker and at a position opposite to a central line of a phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B by 0-15 cm, at least one part of the shielding cover is partially hollowed, and the cable chamber air temperature sensor is arranged at the hollowed-out part. Because the position of the partition board between the cable chamber and the bus chamber is higher than that of each heating element in the cable chamber, the metal shielding cover for installing the sensor is arranged on the partition board, and the heating of the elements in the cable chamber can be well detected by the temperature sensor arranged in the shielding cover due to the air convection effect. The shielding cover is positioned at a height of 10-40 cm from the lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker, so that the insulation of a high-voltage electrified part is ensured, and the heating detection of related elements is also ensured. If the lower connector or other components in the cable chamber generate heat, the temperature sensor arranged therein is in a short path of rising hot air flow, and the sensor is actually close to the heating part, which is beneficial to improving the detection effectiveness. Because the lower outgoing line of the circuit breaker is positioned below the bus chamber and corresponds to the position with the lowest temperature of the bus chamber, the influence on the detection result is minimum, and meanwhile, the actual installation positions of the sensors are positioned at the middle part and the lower part of the switch cabinet, the situation that whether the fault occurs at the position below a diaphragm plate between the cable chamber and the bus chamber is facilitated to be distinguished. The hollow part of the metal shielding cover faces to the position of 0-15 cm of the central line of the phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B, so that the heating condition of the two side parts can be well detected by the temperature sensor arranged in the metal shielding cover.
In the middle of the breaker chamber, a second preset part of a second metal shielding cover is arranged at a position which is 10-40 cm away from the top of the breaker and is located at a position of 0-10 cm of the central line of the B phase of the breaker, and at least a part of the second preset part is hollowed out, so that the necessary insulation level is ensured, the temperature sensor arranged in the second preset part is relatively located at a position with lower temperature at the lower part of the bus chamber, the influence of the temperature of the bus chamber is small as much as possible, and the sensor is close to a heating position. Because the spatial position of the B phase of the circuit breaker is positioned between the A phase and the C phase, the temperature sensor is positioned above the B phase of the circuit breaker in the circuit breaker chamber and is positioned at the position of 0-10 cm near the central line of the B phase of the circuit breaker, and the monitoring of the heating of both sides is also considered.
And thirdly, because the internal space of the switch cabinet is narrow and small, the air insulation margin is not large, and in order to avoid reducing the insulation level due to the installation of the sensor, the strip-shaped third metal shielding cover is arranged on the inner side of the top cover of the bus chamber along the direction parallel to the bus and at the position which is positioned below the cover plate and is 0-4 cm away from the vertical central line between the two bus bars, so that the air insulation distance between the shielding cover and the high-voltage bus cannot be reduced even though the shielding cover is installed, and the safety is ensured. And the part of the bus bar is partially hollowed out at a position which is 0-20 cm away from the center line of the switch cabinet in the width direction, so that the sensor arranged at the position is positioned at the central position of the bus bar room, and the temperature at the position can well reflect the comprehensive average temperature of the bus bar room.
In order to achieve the monitoring of thermal defects, in addition to monitoring the air temperature of the individual compartments, the invention (invention) provides for the detection of current parameters by arranging at least one current sensor on the secondary circuit of the switchgear current transformer.
The temperature sensors of the compartments, the temperature sensor for detecting the ambient temperature, the current sensor and the switch cabinet measurement and control device arranged in the secondary chamber of the switch cabinet form a switch cabinet thermal defect monitoring system. Here, cubical switchboard measurement and control device is provided with 4 at least air temperature detection return circuits, 1 way current detection return circuit, and wherein 1 way air temperature detection return circuit is used for detecting the outside ambient temperature of cubical switchboard, all the other 3 way air temperature detection return circuits are used for detecting the air temperature of each compartment in the cubical switchboard, and the current detection return circuit is used for detecting cubical switchboard load current, and the air temperature sensor of each compartment is installed in the fretwork position of shield cover, current sensor installs on current transformer secondary circuit, and each temperature sensor and current sensor are connected with measurement and control device's corresponding return circuit through the wire.
In the initial stage of equipment operation, the measurement and control device or the background data processing center obtains the temperature T of a certain compartment of the switch cabinet in different environments according to the detected dataHTemperature T of adjacent compartmentsZ、TYAnd the load current I of the cabinetFA set of data for the present compartment temperature under the conditions table 1;
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001571155180000071
Using a mathematical fit to this data table, the mathematical expression T ═ f (T) for the compartment temperature at the beginning of the plant commissioning for these parameters is obtainedH、TZ、TY、IF) Setting an offset value △ dIn future operation, the detected temperature value of the compartment is continuously compared with the calculated value of the expression, if the detected temperature is higher than the calculated value and is larger than the set value △ d, the heating condition of the equipment is considered to be deteriorated and an alarm is given, otherwise, no problem is considered.
Therefore, by determining the reasonable position of the thermal defect detection sensor and arranging the special metal shielding cover, the problem of monitoring the heating of the high-voltage current-carrying part in a low-voltage area is well solved, so that the foundation is laid for centralizing the detection of other defects of the high-voltage part of the switch cabinet, and finally, the centralized monitoring of various defects of the switch cabinet is possible.
The second purpose of the invention is to improve and integrate the existing monitoring means on the basis of overcoming the thermal defect detection, and provide a high-voltage switch cabinet which can integrate the monitoring of various defects of the switch cabinet, the measurement of electrical parameters and the operation control of the switch cabinet into a unified intelligent management center, namely a comprehensive measurement and control device.
The switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is common measurement and control equipment installed in a modern switch cabinet, has the functions of an electrical parameter measurement and display device, a relay protection device, communication and the like of a traditional switch cabinet, and integrates conventional measurement, control, protection, operation and display. The measurement of the electric parameters comprises the measurement of electric parameters such as current, voltage, active power, power factor, electric energy and the like of a main loop, but the existing measurement and control device of the switch cabinet does not have the function of detecting the defects of the switch cabinet.
Further, the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is provided with at least 1 ultrasonic detection circuit, at least 1 gas detection circuit and at least 1 photoelectric detection circuit, and corresponding ultrasonic sensors, gas sensors and photoelectric sensors are respectively arranged at the hollow parts of the metal shielding covers and are connected with the corresponding circuits of the switch cabinet measurement and control device through leads.
Due to manufacturing defects, insulation aging or moisture, a local discharge phenomenon may occur in the operation process of the high-voltage switch cabinet, and the discharge phenomenon is often weak at first but often develops into a serious short-circuit accident finally, so that the high-voltage insulation state of the switch cabinet is very needed to be monitored. Generally, for high voltage defects, detection is usually performed at a high voltage part, for example, for thermal defects, the solution of the comparison document CN102243285A is implemented by installing a temperature sensor, a current sensor, a high voltage side data acquisition module, etc. on a high voltage side, and the solution of performing monitoring in a low voltage area is only proposed by the present inventors at present and has disadvantages. For example, detection of a high-voltage insulation defect is generally performed by a method of detecting an electrical signal at a high-voltage portion by a charge method, a leakage current method, or the like, and it is very difficult to implement the method in a switchgear. The existing ultrasonic signal method scheme capable of monitoring the discharge signal in a low-voltage area shows that the existing mode has the disadvantages of unsatisfactory effect, high missing report and false report rate and difficult becoming a main means for detecting the insulation defect. This is because the switch cabinet originally has no corresponding structure and channel for signal detection, various high-voltage components are installed in the high-voltage compartment, and the installation of the sensor is limited by various factors, and particularly, it is very difficult to avoid the shielding. Insulation defect monitoring such as ultrasonic signal of partial discharge, arc discharge signal detection and the like is required to be carried out in the high-voltage compartment, and practice proves that the effect of installing sensors at different positions in the high-voltage compartment is different, and particularly the difference is even large under the condition that shielding exists between the sensors and a signal source. Although the ultrasonic signal and the optical signal have a certain reflection effect in the compartment, if the installation position of the sensor is not proper, especially in the case of the presence of a shelter, the signal strength of the signal reaching the sensor after multiple reflections may be only 10% -20% or even lower, so that the detection effect is greatly reduced, and therefore, the installation position of the sensor is also very important for detecting the ultrasonic signal, the electric discharge signal and the like. And because the installation of the sensor is subject to various restrictions, the sensor is difficult to install at a reasonable position in practical application, and can only be installed at a relatively convenient place. For example, the ultrasonic sensor and the photoelectric sensor are usually only installed on the side wall of the high-voltage compartment of the switch cabinet, which causes the distance between the sensor and each element in the compartment to be different, the difference is very large, and even several shielding objects need to be separated among some parts, which seriously affects the detection effect, so although the ultrasonic local discharge detection and photoelectric discharge signal detection technology is applied early, the final actual detection effect is not ideal, and the situations of false alarm and false alarm occur. According to the invention, the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is provided with a gas and/or ultrasonic and/or photoelectric detection loop, and the ultrasonic/gas/photoelectric sensors arranged at the hollow parts in the metal shielding covers of the compartments can well detect the discharge signals in the corresponding compartments at the positions. In addition, the inventor also finds that when discharge begins to appear in the switch cabinet, the discharge often occurs along with certain special gases, such as ozone, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and the like, and ultrasonic signals are sent, so that early discharge can be found by detecting the special gases, and the problems of false alarm and false alarm caused by the fact that only ultrasonic detection is used in the prior art are solved. The sensor installation position set by the scheme can be actually close to an ideal detection part as far as possible under the condition of meeting the insulation requirement, the detection on the surrounding parts is well considered, and the shielding exists between the sensor installation position and each element, so that the shielding cover not only can well meet the detection requirement of thermal defects, but also can be an ideal position for detecting other high-voltage defect signals in a compartment, the attenuation on ultrasonic signals, gas signals, photoelectric signals and the like is very small, and the detection effect on the defects is greatly improved.
If tiny discharge occurs inside the switch cabinet, the gas and ultrasonic sensors arranged at the hollow parts in the shielding case can reliably detect and send out alarm signals in a short distance and under the condition of less shielding, and the fault is found in the early stage of the occurrence of the fault and the alarm is sent out in time, so that the insulation defect of the switch cabinet is monitored, and the occurrence of accidents is avoided. Through test comparison, after the ultrasonic sensor adopts the installation mode, the detection sensitivity of the ultrasonic signal is improved by 100-300% at least compared with the original installation mode. Therefore, the ultrasonic signal detection scheme can only be used as an auxiliary detection means for high-voltage partial discharge in the past, and after the technical improvement, the ultrasonic signal detection scheme can be completely used as a basic detection means for high-voltage partial discharge of the switch cabinet.
And once the short-circuit accident happens, arc light can be generated, the photoelectric sensor arranged at the hollow part of the metal shielding cover is sensitively detected at the initial stage due to the short distance and little shielding between the photoelectric sensor and a light source, so that the detection signal can be transmitted to the comprehensive measurement and control device of the switch cabinet at the first time, and the measurement and control device can send a trip command and an exit signal in the shortest time (less than 4/1000 seconds) after making a judgment, thereby striving for precious power supply cutting time for preventing the accident from being enlarged. That is to say, by the measure of arranging the photoelectric sensor in the metal shielding case, the effect of the photoelectric trip protection technology is also obviously improved.
Therefore, the invention skillfully and almost perfectly solves the technical problem of concentrating high-voltage defects with different properties to the same low-voltage part for detection by technical measures of arranging the specially-made metal shielding cover at the specific part of each high-voltage compartment, thereby laying a foundation for further monitoring and concentrating detection of various defects of the switch cabinet and finally realizing the aim of converting the traditional equipment, namely the switch cabinet, into intelligent power supply equipment with self-monitoring, self-diagnosis, self-protection and self-control.
Furthermore, the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is further provided with at least 2 switching-on and switching-off coil current detection loops and/or at least 2 auxiliary switch action signal detection loops, the current sensor is connected in series with the switching-on and switching-off coil loops of the circuit breaker or is sleeved in the switching-on and switching-off coil loops by adopting a center-penetrating current sensor, the current sensor is connected with the switching-on and switching-off coil loops of the circuit breaker of the switch cabinet measurement and control device through a wire, and the auxiliary switch action signal detection loop of the switch cabinet measurement and control device is connected with an auxiliary switch of the circuit breaker through a wire. And detecting the current of the opening and closing coils of the circuit breaker through corresponding current sensors. An operation signal of an auxiliary switch of the circuit breaker is detected by an auxiliary switch operation signal detection circuit.
During the operation process of a circuit breaker in a switch cabinet, accidents caused by mechanical faults always threaten the major potential safety hazard of the switch cabinet, and how to timely discover the possible mechanical defects of the circuit breaker is also an important problem which needs to be solved urgently in an electric power field. Although many on-line monitoring devices have been developed for monitoring the mechanical characteristics of circuit breakers, these devices are generally too complex and costly to be widespread. And now to the requirement of power supply more and more high, do not allow the cubical switchboard to have a power failure to overhaul under the current situation easily, the electric power scene urgently needs a simple structure, accurate reliable, can carry out the on-line monitoring device that monitors to multiple defect simultaneously to reduce the time of power failure inspection test. Therefore, the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device provided by the invention has a function of monitoring the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker.
The closing and opening actions of the circuit breaker are realized by starting closing and opening electromagnets. Due to the action of electromagnetic induction, the change of the armature position of the electromagnet in the action process can adversely affect the change of the coil current of the electromagnet, namely the position of the armature and the coil current of the electromagnet have a corresponding relation. In addition, the opening and closing coil current is switched on and off by the auxiliary switch, and the auxiliary switch is mechanically connected with the circuit breaker, so that the action between the auxiliary switch and the circuit breaker has a corresponding relation, and a large amount of information of the action states of the electromagnet and the circuit breaker can be known through analyzing the opening and closing coil current, and if the circuit breaker has certain mechanical defects, the circuit breaker can be reflected in the waveform of the coil current. By utilizing the principle, the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is provided with a closing coil current detection loop and an opening coil current detection loop. For example, the circuit breaker is found by extending the waveform of the coil current due to the long operation time caused by various reasons.
In addition, the closing and opening speeds are very important technical parameters for reflecting the mechanical state of the circuit breaker, and need to pay close attention. Because the actions of the auxiliary switches and the circuit breaker have corresponding relations, the switching time between the two auxiliary switches reflects the speed of the circuit breaker. For example, a longer switching time of the auxiliary switch necessarily corresponds to a slower speed of the circuit breaker. Based on the principle, the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device is further provided with at least 2 circuit breaker auxiliary switch action signal detection loops, and changes of action speed of the circuit breaker are known by monitoring changes of action time of the two auxiliary switches.
Furthermore, the switch cabinet measurement and control device is also provided with at least 2 switching value output circuits for controlling the inlet and outlet of the breaker trolley and/or at least 2 switching value output circuits for controlling the operation of the grounding switch and/or at least 2 switching position switching value input circuits for controlling the opening and closing of the switch, and/or at least 2 switching value input circuits for working and testing the circuit of the breaker, and/or at least 2 switching value input circuits for connecting and disconnecting the grounding switch and/or at least 1 switching value input circuit for opening the rear panel of the switch cabinet, so as to control the inlet and outlet of the handcart and the switching operation of the grounding switch.
When the switch cabinet is inspected, maintained, overhauled and tested, equipment such as a circuit breaker handcart, a grounding knife and the like of the switch cabinet is required to be operated in and out, opened and closed, the operation is required to be carried out strictly according to a specified program, otherwise serious accidents can be caused, and the operation of the circuit breaker handcart and the grounding knife is troublesome and operation with safety risks can exist. If intelligent control is adopted, the working efficiency can be greatly improved, and the safety risk can be reduced. Particularly, the general implementation of the unattended transformer substation requires a switch cabinet with functions of remotely controlling the handcart to enter and exit, which is convenient for management and maintenance and reduces the time for power failure inspection and maintenance.
One or more technical solutions provided by the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the invention well overcomes the problems of error of thermal defect monitoring results, difficult judgment of defective parts and the like in the prior art and well solves the problem of monitoring thermal defects in a low-pressure area by arranging the special metal shielding cover at the corresponding part of the high-voltage compartment of the switch cabinet and approaching the air temperature sensor of the compartment to an ideal detection position. The invention sets various high-voltage defect sensors of the switch cabinet to the hollow part of the metal shielding cover, skillfully solves the problem that the detection of various high-voltage defects of the switch cabinet is difficult to be unified at one place, concentrates the monitoring of the thermal defect and the insulation defect of the high-voltage part to the low-voltage part for detection, and well overcomes the defects of the prior art that the thermal defect is incorrectly monitored and even mistakenly monitored; meanwhile, the problems of difficult installation and improper installation position of other high-voltage defect monitoring sensors are well solved, and the detection effect on the defects is obviously improved. Therefore, the method changes the ever-seemingly remote unreachable desire of the industry to intensively detect various high-voltage defects into a feasible scheme. Based on the breakthrough of the technical bottleneck, the aim of integrating the monitoring and control of various defects of the switch cabinet into a unified intelligent monitoring management center, namely the switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device, is finally realized, the monitoring and control of the switch cabinet are greatly simplified, and the long-standing problem that the monitoring of various defects is difficult to be considered and troubles the electric power field is well solved.
The invention realizes that the traditional power supply equipment of the switch cabinet is converted into intelligent power supply equipment with self monitoring, self diagnosis, self protection and self control on the premise of not changing the original structure of the switch cabinet and extremely little resource input as far as possible by the technical measures, thereby providing reliable guarantee for the requirements of modern society on electric power.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention;
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a switchgear cabinet and the installation of a shielding case; 7. 8, 9 and 10 are respectively a bus chamber, a breaker chamber and a cable chamber of the switch cabinet, a secondary chamber, 11 is a measurement and control device, 12, 13 and 14 are respectively sensors in the bus chamber, the breaker chamber and the cable chamber, 15 is an ambient temperature sensor, 72 is a bus cross section, 81 is a breaker, 91 is a partition plate between the cable chamber and the bus chamber, 101 is a partition plate between the breaker chamber and the secondary chamber, 111, 121 and 131 are metal shielding covers, 92 is a lower outlet wire of the breaker, h is a distance between the shielding covers and 81, and J is a distance between the shielding covers and 92;
fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the installation position of the bus bar room metal shielding case 111, where 71 is a bus bar room top cover, and a is a distance between the high voltage bus bar 72 and the bus bar room top cover 71; b is the distance between the two buses; c is the maximum distance between the metal shielding case 111 and the top cover of the bus bar room; l is the distance from the bus 72 when 111 is at the vertical center line position between the two-phase bus bars 72;
FIGS. 3a-c are schematic structural views (cross-sections) of different shapes of metal shielding cases;
FIG. 4 is a top view and a width-wise centerline of the switch cabinet;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional (longitudinal) view of a metallic shield case 121 of the breaker chamber in the embodiment; 13-sensor, 112-hollow shielding cover head, 122-connecting wire;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional (longitudinal) view of the metallic shield covers 111, 131 of the bus bar room and the cable room in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive measurement and control device with multiple defect monitoring functions, 11-switch cabinet comprehensive measurement and control device, 12, 13, 14, 15-temperature sensor, 16, 17-current sensor; 18-gas sensor, 19-ultrasonic sensor, 20-photoelectric sensor, 21, 22-circuit breaker coil current sensor, 23, 24-auxiliary switch signal loop, 25, 26, 27, 28: 1-4 DO output loop, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35: 1-7 DI input loops.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-voltage switch cabinet with thermal defect detection and insulation defect monitoring functions, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art. The technical problem that high-voltage defects with different properties are concentrated to the same low-voltage position for detection is solved ingeniously, so that a foundation is laid for the concentrated detection of the monitoring of various defects of the switch cabinet, and finally the traditional power supply equipment, namely the switch cabinet, is converted into intelligent power supply equipment with self-monitoring, self-diagnosis, self-protection and self-control functions.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present application provides an embodiment 1, which is a high voltage switch cabinet with a thermal defect monitoring function, including: the switch cabinet body, the metal shielding covers 111, 121 and 131 arranged in the high-voltage compartments in the switch cabinet, the comprehensive measurement and control device 11 arranged on the secondary chamber panel of the switch cabinet, 4 temperature sensors, 2 current sensors and the like.
In the cable chamber, a strip-shaped metal shielding cover 131 for mounting the sensor is arranged on the downward side of a partition plate between the cable chamber and the bus chamber, the shielding cover is positioned at the height of 13 cm from the lower outlet line of the circuit breaker so as to ensure the insulation between the shielding cover and a high-voltage electrified part, and the length of the metal shielding cover penetrates through the whole width of the switch cabinet. Meanwhile, the part is partially hollowed out at a position which is 0-7 cm opposite to the central line of a phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B, and the hollowed-out length is not less than 5 cm; in the breaker chamber, a long strip-shaped metal shielding cover 121 for mounting a sensor is arranged above the breaker, the shielding cover is laid along a secondary chamber partition plate and extends to a position 13 cm away from the top of the breaker, a hollow section 112 with the length of 3 cm for mounting the sensor is additionally arranged at the tail end of the shielding cover, the hollow section is positioned at the position 0-7 cm near the center line of a phase B of the breaker, the end part of the hollow section is spherical, and the curvature radius of the hollow section is 1 cm; a long-strip-shaped metal shielding cover 111 for mounting a sensor is arranged on the inner side of a top cover of a bus chamber along the direction parallel to a bus and at the position which is located below a cover plate and is 0-3 cm away from a vertical central line between two phase busbars, the shielding cover traverses the whole width direction of the switch cabinet, and is locally hollowed at the position 0-5 cm away from the central line of the width direction of the switch cabinet, namely at the position where the length of the shielding cover is 1/2 cabinet width, and the length of the hollowed-out region is 5 cm. The metallic shield of each compartment in this example is semi-circular in cross-section with a radius of curvature of 1 cm. The comprehensive measurement and control device 11 arranged on the switch cabinet secondary chamber panel is provided with 4 paths of air temperature detection loops and 2 paths of current detection loops, wherein 1 path of air temperature detection loop is used for detecting the ambient temperature outside the switch cabinet, the rest 3 paths of air temperature detection loops are used for detecting the air temperature of each compartment in the switch cabinet, and the current detection loop is used for detecting the load current of the switch cabinet. Temperature sensors 12, 13 and 14 in the switch cabinet are arranged at the hollow parts of the metal shielding covers of the compartments and are connected with the corresponding temperature detection loops of the measurement and control device through connecting wires. The current sensors 16 and 17 are arranged in the secondary chamber and are connected with a secondary loop of the current transformer in series and connected with a current detection loop of the measurement and control device through a connecting wire, so that the thermal defect monitoring system of the switch cabinet is formed. . The two current sensors are adopted here because the load in the switch cabinet is a three-phase system, the three-phase current of the switch cabinet is unbalanced under the common condition, and one current sensor is difficult to accurately reflect the load current of the switch cabinet, so the scheme adopts the two current sensors to detect two paths of load currents of the switch cabinet and finally obtains the average value of the three-phase load currents of the switch cabinet. This is because in the three-phase system, the magnitude and the phase of the current of two phases can be calculated by a vector to obtain the magnitude of the current of the third phase, and finally the average value of the load current of the three phases is obtained, which is not described herein again.
In the initial stage of the operation of the switch cabinet, the measurement and control device 11 or the monitoring background lists the detected data of temperature, current and the like into a data table, and further obtains a mathematical expression of the change of the air temperature or the temperature rise of a certain compartment relative to the load current and the temperature of an adjacent compartment by using a mathematical fitting method for the data table, wherein the expression reflects the rule of the influence of relevant factors such as the temperature in the initial stage of the operation of the switch cabinet, the load current and the temperature change of the adjacent compartment, and corresponds to the initial state of the switch cabinet. For the detected temperature and current data, the measurement and control device 11 can also be transmitted to an upper-level monitoring background, and analyzed by using more powerful computer analysis software.
The following description will be made by taking measured data of a certain compartment as an example. At the initial stage of the operation of the switch cabinet, the measurement and control device 11 or the previous monitoring background simply processes the received data such as the ambient temperature, the temperature of each compartment, the temperature of the adjacent compartments of the adjacent cabinet, the load current and the like to obtain the following group of data tables (the unit of current is kilo amperes here):
Figure BDA0001571155180000131
Figure BDA0001571155180000141
temperature and temperature rise, and current or current squared are different expressions of the same physical quantity. Since the compartment temperature rise is compartment temperature-ambient temperature, the temperature rise parameter actually includes the influence of the ambient temperature on the dependent variable, that is, the compartment temperature rise, and the generated expression reflects the influence of the ambient factor, the ambient temperature is not taken as a separate variable in this application, and the current parameter is also reflected by the square of the load current.
Then, the temperature rise of the compartment is taken as a dependent variable, and the rest parameters are taken as independent variables to perform mathematical fitting operation, so that the corresponding coefficients a-1.43, b-1.48, c-1.87 and d-3.37 of the variables are obtained, and thus, the expression of the temperature rise T of the compartment with the parameters as the independent variables is obtained:
t1.43 left adjacent compartment temperature rise +1.48 right adjacent compartment temperature rise +1.87 load current squared.
The expression corresponds to the heating rule of the switch cabinet at the initial operation stage of the compartment. In the later operation process, the measured relevant parameters are continuously substituted into the expression, the temperature or the temperature rise value of the compartment under the condition is calculated, for example, when the temperature rise of the left adjacent compartment is 7.1 ℃, the temperature rise of the left adjacent compartment is 5.3 ℃ and the load current of the cabinet is 760A, the temperature rise value is calculated to be 5.9 ℃ by substituting the temperature rise value into the expression, the actual test value is 9.1 ℃, 9.1-5.9-3.2 ℃, and if the maximum allowable value d is preset to be 2.5 ℃, the condition of the switch cabinet is obviously deteriorated compared with the initial condition, and the switch cabinet needs to be overhauled.
In this embodiment, the temperature sensor is Pt100, and the current sensor is a metal film precision resistor.
Example 2.
The structure of the embodiment 2 is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the measurement and control device 11 is further provided with 3 gas detection circuits, 3 ultrasonic detection circuits, 3 photoelectric detection circuits and corresponding sensors; a 2-circuit breaker coil current detection loop and a current sensor are also arranged; 2 auxiliary switch action signal detection loops; the measurement and control device 11 is also provided with 2 switching value output loops 1DO and 2DO for controlling the inlet and outlet of the circuit breaker handcart; 2 switching value output circuits 3DO and 4DO for controlling the operation of the grounding switch, 2 switching position switching value input circuits 1DI and 2DI of the circuit breaker, 2 circuit breaker working and test position switching value input circuits 3DI and 4DI, 2 circuit grounding switch and switch position switching value input circuits 5DI and 6DI, and 1 circuit switch cabinet rear panel opening travel switch value input circuit 7DI, thereby forming a high-voltage switch cabinet with the functions of thermal defect, insulation defect, mechanical defect monitoring, remote control of the operation of the circuit breaker trolley entering and exiting and the like.
The gas, ultrasonic and photoelectric sensors 18, 19 and 20 are respectively installed at the hollow parts of the metal shielding covers 111, 121 and 131 of the high-voltage compartments, and the sensors are connected with the corresponding detection loops of the measurement and control device 11 through connecting wires. The sensors 21 and 22 for detecting the current of the opening and closing coils of the circuit breaker are connected in series with the loop of the opening and closing coils of the circuit breaker and are connected with the loop of the current detection of the coil of the circuit breaker of the measurement and control device through connecting wires. In addition, the contacts of the auxiliary switch of the circuit breaker, which are used for connecting the closing and opening coils, are connected to the auxiliary switch operation signal detection circuits 23 and 24 of the measurement and control device 11 through connecting wires.
Switching value output loops 1DO and 2DO of a measurement and control device 11 for controlling the incoming and outgoing of the circuit breaker trolley are connected with a motor control loop on a handcart chassis in the circuit breaker chamber so as to control the incoming and outgoing of the circuit breaker handcart. 3. The 4DO is the operation output of the grounding switch, and the 3 and 4DO are connected with a motor control loop of the grounding knife in the cable chamber. Open amount (switching amount input circuit): 1. 2DI is a signal input circuit indicating the closing and opening positions of the circuit breaker, and is connected with the contact points of the closing and opening positions of the circuit breaker of the auxiliary switch; 3. 4DI is a circuit breaker position signal input circuit which is respectively connected with travel switches of a circuit breaker working position and a test position in a circuit breaker chamber, and 5DI and 6DI are grounding knife position signal input circuits which are respectively connected with a switch-on position travel switch and a switch-off position travel switch of a grounding knife in a cable chamber; and 7DI is a back door position signal input circuit and is connected with a position travel switch of the back door.
In the operation process of the switch cabinet, if the ozone sensor 18 and the ultrasonic sensor 19 both detect signals and transmit the signals to the measurement and control device, the measurement and control device 11 can judge that the insulation defect exists and the discharge phenomenon occurs according to the signals and send an alarm; if only ultrasonic signals or ozone signals exist, the alarm is not given for the moment, and the false alarm is avoided. Once a short-circuit accident occurs, strong arc light is generated, the arc light is developed from weak to strong in a very short process, hollow parts of all shielding cases are actually close to a high-voltage element to be monitored as much as possible, the photoelectric sensor 20 arranged in the shielding cases can detect the arc light very sensitively in the early stage of the arc light, the detected signal is directly transmitted to the integrated measurement and control device 11 of the switch cabinet through a detection loop, the measurement and control device 11 can send a trip command and an outlet signal in the shortest time (less than 4/1000 seconds) after the judgment, and the time for preventing the accident from being enlarged is gained.
When the circuit breaker is switched on or switched off, the current sensors 21 and 22 connected in series to the switching-on and switching-off coil loops transmit current signals to the measurement and control device 11, the auxiliary switch also transmits action signals to the measurement and control device 11 through a connecting wire, the measurement and control device 11 stores the signals, and a worker regularly calls and analyzes the information without power failure so as to know mechanical state information exposed during the action of the circuit breaker. For example, when the circuit breaker is switched on, the electromagnet armature is jammed, the switching speed of the circuit breaker is not changed, the switching time from the contact a to the contact b of the auxiliary switch is not changed, but the waveform of the corresponding part in the current waveform of the switching-on coil is changed and found, and a basis is provided for maintenance.
The measurement and control device 11 is to carry out the procedure programmed according to the software when the equipment such as the circuit breaker handcart and the grounding switch is controlled to carry out the operation of advancing, exiting, opening and closing, thereby avoiding the safety risk brought by the manual operation error. For example, when the measurement and control device 11 obtains an operation command for taking out the breaker trolley, the measurement and control device can automatically check the opening signal loops 1 and 2DI to determine whether the breaker is in the opening position, and the operation for taking out the breaker is safe only when the breaker is in the opening position. On the contrary, if the breaker is in a closing state and the vehicle is out, serious short-circuit accidents can be caused. When the measurement and control device 11 confirms that the breaker is in the opening state and no vehicle entering instruction exists, the switching value output circuit 2DO is connected with the chassis motor control circuit, and the breaker trolley is withdrawn from the switch cabinet. For other operations, the measurement and control device is also strictly carried out according to a preset program, so that the method is very safe and efficient. Therefore, the switch cabinet is changed into intelligent power supply equipment with self-monitoring, self-diagnosis, self-protection and self-control functions, and the switch cabinet measuring and controlling device is not the original traditional control and electric parameter measuring equipment, but is a comprehensive intelligent management system integrating detection of various parameters, monitoring of various defects and comprehensive control of the switch cabinet.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (6)

1. A high-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions is characterized by comprising compartments and a comprehensive measurement and control device arranged in a secondary chamber, wherein a first metal shielding cover for mounting a sensor is arranged on a partition plate between a cable chamber and a bus chamber in a cable chamber of the switch cabinet, a first preset part of the first metal shielding cover is positioned at a height J of 10-40 cm away from a lower outgoing line of a circuit breaker and at a position facing a central line of a phase outgoing line of the circuit breaker B by 0-15 cm, and at least part of the first preset part is hollowed; a second metal shielding cover used for installing a sensor is arranged above the breaker in a breaker chamber of the switch cabinet, a second preset part of the second metal shielding cover is positioned at a position which is 10-40 cm away from the top of the breaker and is 0-10 cm away from the center line of a B phase of the breaker, and at least part of the second preset part is hollowed; a strip-shaped third metal shielding cover for mounting a sensor is arranged on the inner side of a top cover of a switch cabinet bus chamber along the direction parallel to a bus, the shielding cover is positioned at the position 0-4 cm away from the vertical central line between two bus bars below a cover plate, a third preset part of the shielding cover is positioned at the position 0-20 cm away from the central line in the width direction of the switch cabinet, and at least part of the third preset part is hollowed; the radius of curvature of the metal shielding installed in each compartment of the switchgear cabinet is 3-40 mm.
2. The high-voltage switch cabinet with the defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor and/or an ultrasonic sensor and/or a gas sensor and/or a photoelectric sensor are/is mounted in a hollow part of the shielding cover in each compartment of the switch cabinet.
3. The high voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and integrated control functions according to claim 1, wherein at least 4 air temperature detection circuits and 1 current detection circuit are arranged on the switch cabinet measurement and control device, wherein the 1 air temperature detection circuit is used for detecting the ambient temperature outside the switch cabinet, the other 3 air temperature detection circuits are used for detecting the air temperature of each compartment in the switch cabinet, the current detection circuit is used for detecting the load current of the switch cabinet, the air temperature sensor of each compartment is installed in the hollow part of the shielding case, the current sensor is installed on the secondary circuit of the current transformer, and each temperature sensor and each current sensor are connected with the corresponding circuit of the measurement and control device through wires.
4. The high-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions according to claim 1, wherein at least 1 ultrasonic detection circuit, at least 1 gas detection circuit and/or at least 1 photoelectric detection circuit are/is arranged on the switch cabinet measurement and control device, and the corresponding ultrasonic, gas and photoelectric sensors are respectively arranged at the hollow parts of the metal shielding case and are connected with the corresponding circuits of the switch cabinet measurement and control device through wires.
5. The high voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and integrated control functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch cabinet measurement and control device is provided with at least 2 switching-on/switching-off coil current detection loops and/or at least 2 auxiliary switch operation signal detection loops, the current sensor is connected in series with the switching-on/switching-off coil loops of the circuit breaker, or the switching-on/switching-off coil loops are sleeved with a through current sensor, the current sensor is connected with the switching-on/switching-off coil loops of the switch cabinet measurement and control device through a wire, and the auxiliary switch operation signal detection loop of the switch cabinet measurement and control device is connected with the auxiliary switch of the circuit breaker through a wire.
6. The high voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switch cabinet measurement and control device is further provided with at least 2 switching value output circuits for controlling the incoming and outgoing of the breaker trolley and/or a switching value output circuit with 2 grounding switch operation control circuits and/or at least 2 breaker opening and closing position switching value input circuits, and/or at least 2 breaker working and test position switching value input circuits, and/or at least 2 grounding switch opening and opening switching value input circuits for the rear panel of the switch cabinet, and/or at least 1 switch cabinet rear panel opening switching value input circuit.
CN201810117766.6A 2018-02-06 2018-02-06 High-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions Expired - Fee Related CN108321691B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810117766.6A CN108321691B (en) 2018-02-06 2018-02-06 High-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions
PCT/CN2018/082106 WO2019153478A1 (en) 2018-02-06 2018-04-08 High-voltage switchgear having defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810117766.6A CN108321691B (en) 2018-02-06 2018-02-06 High-voltage switch cabinet with defect monitoring and comprehensive control functions

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CN108321691B true CN108321691B (en) 2020-05-22

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CN111478217B (en) * 2020-04-08 2022-06-21 国网湖南省电力有限公司 One-key sequential control support system for transformer substation switch cabinet and application method thereof

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US6295190B1 (en) * 1999-10-26 2001-09-25 Electric Boat Corporation Circuit breaker arrangement with integrated protection, control and monitoring
CN101431219A (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-13 上海广电电气(集团)股份有限公司 Switch cabinet connection combination apparatus and manufacturing method thereof
CN102243285A (en) * 2011-05-06 2011-11-16 厦门Abb开关有限公司 Fault detection apparatus based on temperature and current analyses, and method thereof
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