CN108321000B - Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker - Google Patents

Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker Download PDF

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CN108321000B
CN108321000B CN201810337488.5A CN201810337488A CN108321000B CN 108321000 B CN108321000 B CN 108321000B CN 201810337488 A CN201810337488 A CN 201810337488A CN 108321000 B CN108321000 B CN 108321000B
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ceramic shell
bst
end cover
vacuum
shell
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CN108321000A (en
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廖敏夫
卢刚
段雄英
张豪
张晓莉
黄智慧
邹积岩
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
    • C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • C04B2235/3234—Titanates, not containing zirconia
    • C04B2235/3236—Alkaline earth titanates
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3275—Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3298—Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of high-voltage vacuum switches, and relates to a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for a self-voltage-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker. The BST ceramic shell is of a columnar hollow structure, and an upper end cover and a lower end cover are respectively and hermetically connected with the upper end and the lower end of the BST ceramic shell to form a vacuum airtight space; the shielding cover is arranged in the BST ceramic shell, and the fixed contact is connected with the lower end face of the upper end cover; the lower end shaft of the moving contact penetrates through the lower end cover, and the lower end shaft of the moving contact is sleeved with a corrugated pipe connected with the lower end cover. The multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker based on the self-equalizing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber can realize uniform voltage distribution among all the fractures under the condition of no equalizing capacitance, and improves the breaking capacity of the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker. The vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for the self-pressure equalizing type multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker has a simple structure and is convenient to realize.

Description

Vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-voltage vacuum switches, and relates to a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for a self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker.
Technical Field
The mode of adopting a plurality of serial fractures is an effective measure for avoiding the saturation effect of a vacuum gap and popularizing the vacuum circuit breaker to a high voltage level. The voltage distribution among the fractures has an important influence on the overall insulation strength and breaking capacity of the circuit breaker, and the born voltage among the fractures has a great relation with the equivalent self-capacitance value. Due to the existence of stray capacitance, even if a double-break vacuum circuit breaker formed by two identical commercial vacuum arc-extinguishing chambers is used, the voltage born by the high-voltage side break is higher than that born by the low-voltage side break. Typically in a double-break vacuum circuit breaker, the high-side break is subjected to approximately 70% of the total voltage. During the opening and closing of the short-circuit current, a break-down may occur in the event of a break-up which is subjected to a higher voltage. In this case, if the low-side break cannot withstand the entire recovery voltage, the low-side break also breaks down successively, resulting in failure of the entire circuit breaker to open.
The current measure for solving the problem of uneven voltage distribution in the field of multi-fracture vacuum circuit breakers is to connect voltage-equalizing capacitors in parallel at two ends of a fracture. However, the parallel voltage-sharing capacitor increases the cost of the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker on one hand and reduces the safety and reliability of the system on the other hand. In the long-term operation process of the voltage-sharing capacitor, the insulation degradation causes accidents, such as explosion accidents of the two voltage-sharing capacitors of the long-service-life station 5053# switch of the Chongqing power company in 2005. When the voltage-sharing capacitor is increased to a certain value and breakdown occurs after an arc, the voltage-sharing capacitor increases breakdown current, and the breaking capacity is gradually reduced. In addition, the voltage-sharing capacitor and the resonance overvoltage and reburning overvoltage possibly formed by the inductive element of the system can cause potential hidden trouble to the voltage-sharing capacitor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for a self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker, which solves the problem that the voltage between all the fractures cannot be uniformly distributed under the condition of no equalizing capacitance and improves the breaking capacity of the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for a self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker comprises an upper end cover 1, a fixed contact 2, a BST ceramic shell 4, a shielding cover 5, a movable contact 6, a corrugated pipe shielding cover 7, a corrugated pipe 8 and a lower end cover 9.
The BST ceramic shell 4 is of a columnar hollow structure, and the upper end cover 1 and the lower end cover 9 are respectively connected with the upper end and the lower end of the BST ceramic shell 4 in a sealing manner to form a vacuum sealing space.
The shielding cover 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the BST ceramic shell 4; the upper part of the fixed contact 2 is connected with the lower end face of the upper end cover 1; the lower end shaft of the moving contact 6 penetrates through the lower end cover 9, the lower end shaft of the moving contact is sleeved with a corrugated pipe 8 connected with the lower end cover 9, and the corrugated pipe 8 plays a role of a spring, so that the moving contact 6 can move up and down in the BST ceramic shell 4. The fixed contact 2 coaxially corresponds to the movable contact 6, and the lower part of the fixed contact 2 and the upper part of the movable contact 6 are arranged in the shielding cover 5; the bellows shield 7 is sleeved outside the bellows 8.
Further, the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for the self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker further comprises a ceramic inner shell 3, wherein the ceramic inner shell 3 is of a columnar hollow structure and is arranged between the BST ceramic shell 4 and the shielding cover 5.
The ceramic inner shell 3 adopts CaO-Al containing 95 percent of alumina 2 O 3 -SiO 2 High-alumina porcelain of the system; the BST ceramic shell 4 adopts a barium strontium titanate doped ceramic material BST with high dielectric constant, the dielectric constant is 2300, and the insulation resistance is more than 1 multiplied by 10 11 Omega. The BST ceramic shell 4 comprises 60% BaTiO by mass percent 3 25% SrTiO 3 13% Bi 2 O 3 ·3TiO 2 1.5% Co 2 O 3 And 0.5% Fe 3 O 4 。
The dimensional parameters of the BST ceramic shell 4 satisfy the formula 7.82 l= (R 1 -R 2 )；
Wherein L is the height of the BST ceramic shell 4, R 1 Is the outer diameter, R, of the BST ceramic shell 4 2 Is the inner diameter of the BST ceramic shell 4.
The upper end cover 1 and the lower end cover 9 are used as electrodes, and the BST ceramic shell 4 with high dielectric constant is used as dielectric medium, so that an equivalent capacitor with larger capacity is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the self-equalizing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber has two implementation modes, and the equivalent capacitance parameter of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber is improved through the high dielectric constant performance of the BST ceramic shell. Based on the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker formed by the self-voltage-sharing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber, the voltage among all the fractures can be uniformly distributed under the condition of no voltage-sharing capacitor, and the breaking capacity of the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker is improved. The vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber for the self-pressure equalizing type multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker has a simple structure and is convenient to realize. Meanwhile, the voltage-sharing capacitor can be used in the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker instead of the voltage-sharing capacitor, and adverse effects and potential safety hazards caused by the voltage-sharing capacitor in the switching-on and switching-off process are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel vacuum interrupter 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the novel vacuum interrupter 2.
In the figure, 1 an upper end cover; 2, a static contact; 3, a ceramic inner shell; a 4BST ceramic shell; 5, shielding cover; 6, a moving contact; 7, a corrugated pipe shielding cover; 8, a corrugated pipe; and a lower end cap 9.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the technical scheme and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a vacuum interrupter for a self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker includes an upper end cap 1, a stationary contact 2, a ceramic inner case 3, a BST ceramic case 4, a shield case 5, a moving contact 6, a bellows shield case 7, a bellows 8, and a lower end cap 9.
The BST ceramic shell 4 and the ceramic inner shell 3 are of columnar hollow structures, the ceramic inner shell 3 is arranged in the BST ceramic shell 4, and the upper end cover 1 and the lower end cover 9 are respectively connected with the upper end and the lower end of the BST ceramic shell 4 and the lower end of the ceramic shell 3 in a sealing way to form a vacuum sealing space.
The shielding cover 5 is arranged in the ceramic inner shell 3, and the fixed contact 2 is connected with the lower end face of the upper end cover 1; the lower end shaft of the moving contact 6 penetrates through the lower end cover 9, the lower end shaft of the moving contact is sleeved with a corrugated pipe 8 connected with the lower end cover 9, and the corrugated pipe 8 plays a role of a spring so that the moving contact 6 can move up and down. The fixed contact 2 and the movable contact 6 coaxially correspond, and the corrugated pipe shielding cover 7 is sleeved outside the corrugated pipe 8.
The ceramic inner shell 3 adopts CaO-Al containing 95 percent of alumina 2 O 3 -SiO 2 High-alumina porcelain of the system; the BST ceramic shell 4 adopts a barium strontium titanate doped ceramic material BST with high dielectric constant, and the dielectricAn electrical constant of 2300 and an insulation resistance of more than 1×10 11 Omega. The BST ceramic shell 4 comprises 60% BaTiO by mass percent 3 25% SrTiO 3 13% Bi 2 O 3 ·3TiO 2 1.5% Co 2 O 3 And 0.5% Fe 3 O 4 。
The upper end cover 1 and the lower end cover 9 are used as electrodes, and the BST ceramic shell 4 with high dielectric constant is used as dielectric medium, so that an equivalent capacitor with larger capacity is formed.
The arc-extinguishing chamber has two implementation modes, wherein a self-equalizing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 1) adopts two layers of insulating ceramic shells, and an inner layer ceramic shell adopts CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system high-alumina ceramics containing 95% alumina; the outer ceramic shell is made of barium strontium titanate doped ceramic material with high dielectric constant. The ceramic shell of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber plays a role in sealing vacuum, and forms an equivalent self-capacitance with the ceramic shell of the outer layer. Changing the outer ceramic shell component plays a role in increasing the equivalent self capacitance of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber. The realization mode of the second self-equalizing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber (vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber 2) is that a BST ceramic shell is adopted to replace a 95% alumina ceramic shell, and the equivalent capacitance parameter of the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber is increased while vacuum is sealed, so that the integration of the self-equalizing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber is realized.
The capacity of the equivalent capacitance of the self-equalizing vacuum interrupter in two ways depends on the relative dielectric constant of the BST ceramic shell and the thickness thereof. The multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker formed by the vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber achieves the effect that the equivalent capacitance parameter of each fracture in the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker is 500 pF. In order to meet the requirements of the vacuum interrupter in the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker under the condition of switching on and off different short-circuit currents, the size parameters of the outer ceramic shell which form the vacuum interrupter in the multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker can be selected to meet the formula 7.82 L= (R) 1 -R 2 ) Wherein L is the height of the BST ceramic shell 4, R 1 Is the outer diameter, R, of the BST ceramic shell 4 2 Is the inner diameter of the BST ceramic shell 4.

Claims (3)

1. The vacuum arc extinguishing chamber for the self-equalizing multi-fracture vacuum circuit breaker is characterized by comprising an upper end cover (1), a fixed contact (2), a BST ceramic shell (4), a shielding cover (5), a moving contact (6), a corrugated pipe shielding cover (7), a corrugated pipe (8) and a lower end cover (9);
the BST ceramic shell (4) is of a columnar hollow structure, and an upper end cover (1) and a lower end cover (9) are respectively connected with the upper end and the lower end of the BST ceramic shell (4) in a sealing manner to form a vacuum sealing space;
the upper end cover (1) and the lower end cover (9) are used as electrodes, and the BST ceramic shell (4) with high dielectric constant is used as a dielectric medium, so that an equivalent capacitor with larger capacity is formed;
the size parameter of the BST ceramic shell (4) satisfies the formula 7.82 L= (R) 1 -R 2 )；
Wherein L is the height of the BST ceramic shell (4), R 1 Is the outer diameter of the BST ceramic shell (4), R 2 Is the inner diameter of the BST ceramic shell (4);
the shielding cover (5) is fixed on the inner wall of the BST ceramic shell (4); the upper part of the fixed contact (2) is connected with the lower end face of the upper end cover (1); the lower end shaft of the moving contact (6) penetrates through the lower end cover (9), the lower end shaft of the moving contact is sleeved with a corrugated pipe (8) connected with the lower end cover (9), and the corrugated pipe (8) plays a role of a spring so that the moving contact (6) can move up and down in the BST ceramic shell (4); the fixed contact (2) coaxially corresponds to the movable contact (6), and the lower part of the fixed contact (2) and the upper part of the movable contact (6) are arranged in the shielding cover (5); the corrugated pipe shielding cover (7) is sleeved outside the corrugated pipe (8);
the BST ceramic shell (4) adopts barium strontium titanate doped ceramic material BST with high dielectric constant, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass 3 25% SrTiO 3 13% Bi 2 O 3 ·3TiO 2 1.5% Co 2 O 3 And 0.5% Fe 3 O 4 。
2. The vacuum arc extinguishing chamber according to claim 1, further comprising a ceramic inner shell (3), wherein the ceramic inner shell (3) has a columnar hollow structure and is arranged between the BST ceramic shell (4) and the shielding case (5); the ceramic inner shell (3) adopts CaO-Al containing 95 percent of alumina 2 O 3 -SiO 2 System ofHigh aluminum porcelain.
3. Vacuum interrupter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the BST ceramic shell (4) has a dielectric constant of 2300 and an insulation resistance of more than 1 x 10 11 Ω。
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CN112435889A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-03-02 郑州大学 High-voltage integrated static and dynamic self-voltage-sharing vacuum arc extinguish chamber
CN112509854A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-03-16 郑州大学 Integrated resistance-capacitance voltage-sharing vacuum arc extinguish chamber
CN112786346B (en) * 2021-01-07 2024-05-28 郑州大学 Double-fracture self-equalizing vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber

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