CN108318931B - High-precision and intrinsically safe real-time monitoring method for height of coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone - Google Patents
High-precision and intrinsically safe real-time monitoring method for height of coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN108318931B CN108318931B CN201711335414.XA CN201711335414A CN108318931B CN 108318931 B CN108318931 B CN 108318931B CN 201711335414 A CN201711335414 A CN 201711335414A CN 108318931 B CN108318931 B CN 108318931B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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Abstract
A high-precision and intrinsically safe coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone height real-time monitoring method comprises three parts, namely hole distribution, a fiber bragg grating water pressure monitoring system in the holes and an orifice fiber bragg grating data acquisition system. The upward elevation monitoring drill holes with two or more orifices supplied with water properly are arranged in advance in the conveying lanes or air return lanes on two sides of the working face in the direction of advancing of the stope face, the fiber bragg grating hydraulic sensors are linearly arranged in the monitoring holes, and the orifice fiber bragg grating data acquisition system is connected with the fiber bragg grating hydraulic monitoring system in the holes and is arranged at the orifices of the monitoring holes. The invention can realize high-precision, intrinsically safe and real-time monitoring of the whole process of advancing and upward development of the coal seam roof water flowing fracture along with the advancing of the working surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for monitoring the height of a coal seam roof water flowing fissure zone in real time, in particular to a method for monitoring the advancing and upward development process of the coal seam roof water flowing fissure with a working surface in real time in a well with high precision and intrinsic safety, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine roof water damage prevention and control in the field of mining engineering.
Background
The development process, the space distribution form, the maximum height and other characteristics of the coal seam roof water flowing crack are the most important parameters for designing the size of the waterproof coal pillar and formulating the roof water damage prevention and control technical scheme, so as to prevent water burst of water in a roof mining area or a roof aquifer and control secondary disasters caused by coal mining under buildings such as large-scale surface water bodies or railways. The high-precision, real-time and on-site monitoring of the coal seam roof water flowing fracture is a technical problem which is continuously discussed in engineering and academia.
At present, under the influence of the complexity of the water flowing fracture, the restriction of underground monitoring conditions and the like, the field observation (monitoring) of the water flowing fracture of the coal seam roof is only focused on the observation of the maximum height value of the water flowing fracture zone after mining. The method for monitoring the maximum height value of the water flowing fractured zone on site mainly comprises an observation method of the leakage amount of flushing fluid of a ground drilling hole, a sectional water injection method of an underground drilling hole, a geophysical electrical method of the underground drilling hole, microseismic monitoring and the like.
The observation method for the leakage amount of the flushing fluid of the ground drilling is reliable in monitoring result, but large in engineering amount and high in cost, and belongs to a typical post-mining observation method; the underground drilling segmented water injection process is easily influenced by various factors, so that the representativeness and the reliability of a monitoring result are reduced, and the method is also a post-production observation method; the underground drilling geophysical exploration method is difficult to clearly discriminate the water conductivity of the monitored fracture, so that the result is large, and the underground drilling geophysical exploration method can be observed in advance or after production; the three methods are difficult to realize the real-time on-site monitoring of the water flowing fracture and the spatial development form at the same time. Engineering and academia have sought to find simpler, reliable methods for on-site monitoring of the development of water-conducting fractures.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the high-precision and intrinsically-safe real-time monitoring method for the height of the water flowing fractured zone of the coal seam roof, which can realize high-precision, intrinsically-safe and real-time monitoring of the whole process that the water flowing fractured zone of the coal seam roof advances along with the advance and upward development of a working surface, and can provide reliable water flowing fractured height parameters for the establishment of roof water damage prevention and control technical measures.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method comprises the following steps:
1) hole distribution: two or more orifices are properly supplied with water, and upward monitoring drill holes are arranged in advance in the conveying lanes or return air lanes at two sides of the working face in the direction of advancing of the stope face; 2) fiber grating water pressure monitoring system in the mounting hole: arranging a plurality of fiber grating hydraulic sensors in a monitoring hole in a linear manner, wherein the positions of the fiber grating hydraulic sensors in the monitoring hole are determined according to the target monitoring height, and the plurality of fiber grating hydraulic sensors adopt a multi-loop and multi-channel parallel data transmission mode; 3) installing a fiber grating data acquisition system: and the fiber grating data acquisition system is arranged at the orifice of the monitoring hole and is connected with the fiber grating water pressure monitoring system in the hole.
Compared with the prior art, the method for monitoring the height of the water-conducting fractured zone of the coal bed roof with high precision and intrinsic safety in real time can monitor the whole process of advancing and upward development of the water-conducting fractured zone of the coal bed roof along with the working face in real time, including the advancing characteristic, the development process, the spatial form and the maximum height value of the water-conducting fractured zone, and has small drilling engineering quantity and low monitoring cost by arranging and constructing two or more upward elevation monitoring drill holes in advance towards the mining direction of the working face through the transportation lane, the return air lane or the mining stop line on the two sides of the working face, installing a fiber grating water pressure monitoring system in the holes and arranging a fiber grating data acquisition system at the hole opening; the invention uses the grating fiber, thus being 'intrinsically' safe; the grating optical fiber has high signal precision and long transmission distance, and is suitable for arrangement and monitoring in an ultra-long drill hole, and the precision is high.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hole distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a fiber bragg grating hydraulic sensor, 2, a data transmission optical fiber, 3 and an orifice flange; 4. the device comprises a hole opening water supply device, 5, a fiber bragg grating data acquisition system, 6, an exhaust pipe and an exhaust control valve, 7, a drain pipe and a control valve, 8, a hole opening sleeve, 9, a monitoring drill hole, 10, a unilateral roadway, 11, a stope mining line side roadway, 12, an upward elevation advance monitoring drill hole, 13, a working face stope advancing direction, 14, a working face cutting hole, 15 and a stope mining line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, belong to the scope of the present invention.
The high-precision real-time monitoring method for the height of the water flowing fissure zone of the high-precision intrinsically-safe coal seam roof comprises a hole distribution scheme, a fiber bragg grating water pressure monitoring system in the hole and an orifice fiber bragg grating data acquisition system 5, and can realize high-precision real-time monitoring of the whole process that the water flowing fissure of the coal seam roof advances along with the working face and grows upwards.
Wherein, the hole distribution scheme is as follows: one solution is a pitch-up monitoring borehole 12 with two or more orifices of the hole arrangement scheme in the unilateral roadway 10 properly supplied with water, a proper distance from a working face cutting hole 14, a heading-back working face advancing direction 13, and an advance arrangement in the working face unilateral transport roadway or return airway (see fig. 2); the two or more upward-facing advanced monitoring drill holes 12 can control the advanced and upward development processes, the maximum height and the space form of the water flowing cracks of the coal seam roof, and the water supply pressure of the orifice water supply device 4 is controllable and is slightly higher than the target monitoring height; the other scheme is that a plurality of upward elevation monitoring drill holes 12 are arranged in a side roadway 11 of the stoping and mining line at the side of the stoping and mining line 15, and the arrangement principle and the monitoring technical requirements are the same as those of the previous scheme.
The process of the fiber bragg grating water pressure monitoring system in the mounting hole is as follows: the fiber grating hydraulic sensors 1 are linearly arranged in the monitoring drill hole 9, the positions of the fiber grating hydraulic sensors 1 in the monitoring drill hole 9 are determined according to the target monitoring height, the fiber grating hydraulic sensors 1 are high in precision and safe in essence, and the fiber grating hydraulic sensors 1 adopt a multi-loop and multi-channel parallel data transmission mode.
The process of installing the aperture fiber grating data acquisition system 5 is as follows: the fiber grating data acquisition system 5 is connected with a fiber grating water pressure monitoring system (namely, the fiber grating hydraulic sensor 1 and the data transmission optical fiber 2) in the hole and is arranged at the hole opening of the monitoring hole, the fiber grating data acquisition system 5 can acquire, store and display the water pressure data of each fiber grating hydraulic sensor 1, and the time and the position of the development of the water diversion fracture are judged in real time according to the water pressure 'step' attenuation characteristic of the fiber grating hydraulic sensor 1 at the monitoring point.
The specific operation steps of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 are as follows:
1) two or more monitoring drill holes 9 are arranged and constructed in advance towards the mining direction of the working face on the transportation lane, the return airway or the mining stopping line at two sides of the working face, and various monitoring hole distribution modes are shown in figure 2; the hole distribution follows the principle that the space form of the water flowing fractured zone is controlled to the maximum extent by a plurality of drill holes;
2) a fiber grating water pressure monitoring system and an exhaust device are synchronously and parallelly arranged in the hole; the aperture size of the monitoring drill hole 9 needs to meet the installation requirement of a monitoring system, the fiber bragg grating hydraulic sensor 1 and the data transmission optical fiber 2 are protected during installation, the actual installation position of each fiber bragg grating hydraulic sensor 1 is accurately recorded, and the maximum target monitoring height is larger than the height empirical value of the top plate water flowing fractured zone;
3) installing the orifice flange 3, ensuring that the data transmission optical fiber 2, the exhaust pipe, the water supply pipe, the drain pipe and the like in the hole safely pass through and stop water, fixing the orifice sleeve 8 on the orifice flange 3, and ensuring the good water stop effect of the orifice flange 3;
4) connecting the grating optical fiber extending out of the orifice to a fiber grating data acquisition system 5, and simultaneously connecting a water supply pipe to an orifice water supply device 4, an exhaust pipe to an exhaust control valve 6, and a drain pipe to a drain control valve 7; testing whether the fiber bragg grating water pressure monitoring system, the orifice water supply device 4, the exhaust control valve 6 and the exhaust control valve 7 are normal or not, and entering a water guide fracture zone height monitoring stage;
5) the formal monitoring comprises two stages of in-hole water pressure background value advanced monitoring and top plate water flowing crack development monitoring, and the time, position and evolution process of top plate water flowing crack development are judged in real time according to the step-shaped change of the in-hole water pressure background value; meanwhile, the stoping propulsion speed, the stoping height, the water burst phenomenon of a working face, the pressure coming from a top plate and other tracking observations are assisted, and people track and record the data so as to better supplement and explain the monitoring results of the invention;
6) monitoring termination conditions: the stope face completely enters the monitoring range of the fiber grating hydraulic sensor 1, and the roof water flowing crack does not develop to the fiber grating hydraulic sensor 1 at a higher position or develops to the fiber grating hydraulic sensor 1 at the bottom end;
7) and withdrawing the equipment used for monitoring the water flowing fractured zone, processing the monitoring data and submitting the water flowing fractured monitoring result.
The invention has the advantages of intrinsic safety and high precision, and the meaning of the intrinsic safety is as follows: the grating optical fiber is used, so the 'intrinsic' safety is realized, and the problem of monitoring failure of a monitoring system due to water leakage and electric leakage is not involved; its "high accuracy" means: the grating optical fiber has long signal transmission distance and high precision, and is suitable for arrangement and monitoring in an ultra-long drill hole.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A high-precision and intrinsically safe coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone height real-time monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) hole distribution: upward elevation monitoring drill holes (9) which are properly supplied with water by two or more orifices are arranged in advance in a transport lane or a return airway at two sides of a working face in the advancing direction of the working face;
2) fiber grating water pressure monitoring system in the mounting hole: arranging a plurality of fiber grating hydraulic sensors (1) in a monitoring hole in a linear manner, determining the positions of the fiber grating hydraulic sensors (1) in the monitoring hole according to a target monitoring height, and adopting a multi-loop and multi-channel parallel data transmission mode for the plurality of fiber grating hydraulic sensors (1);
3) installing an orifice fiber grating data acquisition system (5): a fiber grating data acquisition system (5) is arranged at the orifice of the monitoring hole and is connected with a fiber grating water pressure monitoring system in the hole;
the steps 1) to 3) comprise the following specific operation steps:
a) two or more upward elevation monitoring drill holes (9) are arranged and constructed in advance in the mining direction of the working face in a transportation lane, a return airway or a mining stop line on two sides of the working face, and the hole distribution follows the principle that the plurality of drill holes control the space form of the water-flowing fractured zone to the maximum extent;
b) a fiber bragg grating water pressure monitoring system and an exhaust device are synchronously and parallelly arranged in the monitoring drill hole (9); the aperture size of the monitoring drill hole (9) needs to meet the installation requirement of a monitoring system, the fiber grating hydraulic sensors (1) and the data transmission optical fiber (2) are protected during installation, the actual installation position of each fiber grating hydraulic sensor (1) is accurately recorded, and the maximum target monitoring height is greater than the height empirical value of a roof water flowing fracture zone;
c) installing an orifice flange (3), ensuring that the data transmission optical fiber (2), the exhaust pipe, the water supply pipe and the drain pipe in the hole safely pass through and stop water, and fixing an orifice sleeve (8) on the orifice flange (3);
d) connecting the data transmission optical fiber (2) extending out of the orifice to a fiber bragg grating data acquisition system (5), and simultaneously connecting a water supply pipe to an orifice water supply device (4), an exhaust pipe to an exhaust control valve (6) and a drain pipe to a drain control valve (7); whether the fiber bragg grating water pressure monitoring system, the orifice water supply device (4), the exhaust control valve (6) and the exhaust control valve (7) are normal or not is checked, and a water guide fracture zone height monitoring stage is started;
e) the formal monitoring comprises two stages of in-hole water pressure background value advanced monitoring and top plate water flowing crack development monitoring, and the time, position and evolution process of top plate water flowing crack development are judged in real time according to the step-shaped change of the in-hole water pressure background value; meanwhile, the tracking observation of the stoping propulsion speed, the stoping height, the water gushing phenomenon of a working surface and the pressure coming from a top plate are assisted;
f) monitoring termination conditions: the stope face completely enters the monitoring range of the fiber grating hydraulic sensor (1), and the roof water flowing crack does not develop to the fiber grating hydraulic sensor (1) at a higher position or develops to the fiber grating hydraulic sensor (1) at the bottom end;
g) withdrawing all the devices arranged for monitoring the water flowing fractured zone, processing the monitoring data and submitting the water flowing fractured monitoring result.
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| CN201711335414.XA CN108318931B (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2017-12-14 | High-precision and intrinsically safe real-time monitoring method for height of coal seam roof water flowing fractured zone |
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| CN109596433A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-09 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Crack of coal-mine roof Evolution dynamics detection device and method |
| CN110107284B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | Drilling and testing system and method for detecting height of water flowing fractured zone through water pressure |
| CN110987039A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-10 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for testing damage depth of coal seam roof and floor after working face extraction |
| CN118191967A (en) * | 2024-05-14 | 2024-06-14 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | Intelligent early warning system and method for full-space three-dimensional monitoring of water damage risk of coal seam roof |
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