CN108318560A - A kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector and its detection method - Google Patents
A kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector and its detection method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detectors, including shell, LCD liquid crystal displays, detection circuitry.A kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector of the present invention and its detection method, using the three-electrode system sensor in electrochemical analysis, sample current is mutated the required time after applying potential by measurement, the property of blood flow is measured under micro-system environment, eliminate the difference that different operation personnel generate in sampling process, the Testing index of blood clotting and thrombus reaches the time of second grade, realize diagnosis by full-automatic " foolproof " bed, it is applicable not only to hospital or inspection center, and the prediction diagnosis instrument of household can be acted on, it is reliable and stable with detecting, use cost is relatively low, the characteristics of being used convenient for popular prevention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of electrochemical detection, and in particular, to a kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector
And its detection method.
Background technology
The Testing index of haemocyte relic, thrombus and lectin from hemolymph etc. has close ties, such as artery with clinical various illness
Atherosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, arteriovenous thrombosis, Buerger's disease, pulmonary embolism, the high blood of gestation
Press syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, haemolysis, uraemic syndrome, chronic obstructive pneumonia etc..Traditional Chinese medicine is about promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis
Theory with treatment work sutdy be also directed to hemostasis with thrombus problem.
Most common equipment is exactly blood coagulation analyzer (hereinafter referred to as coagulo meter) in thrombus/hemostasis laboratory.Profit
Thrombus and the laboratory examination of hemostasis are carried out with coagulo meter, can be diagnosis, thrombolysis and the anti-freezing of hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases
The monitoring for the treatment of and observation of curative effect provide valuable index.
The developing history of coagulo meter：
Kottman in 1910 has invented most poly- early coagulo meter in the world, the change of viscosity when by measurement blood clotting
Change to reflect the time of the clotting of plasma.
Nineteen twenty-two, Kugelmass reflect plasma coagulation time with nephelometer by measuring the variation of transmitted light.
Nineteen fifty, Schnitger and Gross have invented the coagulo meter based on current method.
The sixties, Mechanical Method coagulo meter are developed.
After the seventies, due to machinery, the development of electronics industry, various types of Automatic coagulometers is made successively to come out.
The eighties, the appearance due to chromophoric substrate and the detection applied to blood clotting, make Automatic coagulometer in addition to can
To carry out outside general screening test, still to carry out blood coagulation, anti-freezing, the detection of the single factor of fibrinolytic system.
The invention at the end of the eighties, double magnetic circuit paramagnetic particle method brings new concept to the detection of thrombus and hemostasis, since its is unique
Design principle makes some influence factors that optical method detects not exist on the detecting instrument of this type.
The nineties, the exploitation that channel is immunized in Automatic coagulometer provide new means for thrombus and the detection of hemostasis again.
At present the semi-automatic coagulo meter of each manufacturer production both at home and abroad be all based on freezing method to Blood Coagulation Process into
What row measured.Blood clotting is a series of result of coagulation factor linksystem enzyme reactions.Coagulation factor in blood is with inactive
Zymogen forms exist, and after a certain coagulation factor is activated, many coagulation factors can be made successively to be activated according to a certain order, that
There is complicated catalytic action between this, is referred to as " waterfall sample theory ".The violent change that this " waterfall sample theory " generates is in blood
It is shown as on biophysical properties, resistance increases (current method) viscosity enhancing (paramagnetic particle method), and turbidity rises (optical method).Due to electricity
Stream method Measurement reliability is poor, therefore is substituted by paramagnetic particle method and optical method.
Optical method coagulo meter is to measure coagulation function according to the variation of turbidity during the clotting of plasma.According to instrument difference
Optical measurement principle, and two class of scattered light urbidmetry and turbidimetry can be divided into.
Scattered light urbidmetry is to scatter the variation of light in process of setting according to sample to be tested to determine detection terminal.At this
The monochromatic source of sense channel and optical detector are in 90 ° of right angles in method, after coagulation activation agent is added into sample, with sample
The scattered light intensity of the forming process of middle fibrin clot, sample is stepped up.After sample solidifies completely, light is scattered
Intensity no longer changes, and typically using the starting point of solidification as 0%, Coagulated hemothorax is as 100%, using 50% as when solidification
Between.Optical detector receives this optical variation, is translated into electric signal, is sent on monitor and carries out again by amplification
Processing, describes freezing curve.
Turbidimetry, be according to sample to be tested in process of setting absorbance change come determine Coagulated hemothorax, with dissipate
The light path for penetrating this method unlike turbidimetry is equally linearly arranged with general colorimetric method：Light from light source is at
Become directional light after reason, becomes electric signal through photoelectric tube is irradiated to after sample to be tested, the monitoring processing after amplification.When to sample
After coagulation activation agent is added in product, the absorbance of beginning is very weak, and with the formation of fibrin clot in reaction tube, sample is inhaled
Luminosity also gradually increases, and after grumeleuse is formed completely, absorbance tends to be constant.Coagulo meter can describe the variation of absorbance automatically
Curve simultaneously sets the wherein certain point corresponding time as setting time.
Paramagnetic particle method is to measure coagulation function according to the variation of clotting of plasma process medium viscosity.Magnetic bead is transported according to instrument
The difference of dynamic measuring principle, and photodetection method and electromagnetism pearl probe method can be divided into.
Photodetection method, the effect of photodetector is different from optical method in paramagnetic particle method, it only measures the clotting of plasma
The characteristics of motion of magnetic bead in the process, it is unrelated with the turbidity of blood plasma.A pair of of electromagnet in paramagnetic particle method is placed in the two of test cup
End, they, which generate constant alternating fields, makes magnetic bead be swung in test cup, is placed in the vertical direction swung with magnetic bead a pair of
Photoelectric receiving arrangement determines Coagulated hemothorax when magnetic bead swing amplitude reduction is to 50%.
It is also a kind of in photodetection method to monitor magnetic bead movement using infrared light reflection monitor.
Magnaflux can be described as double magnetic circuit paramagnetic particle method again, and one pair of which magnetic circuit is for attracting magnetic bead to swing, another pair magnetic
Road utilizes electric signal caused by the cutting in magnetic bead swing process to the magnetic line of force, is monitored to magnetic bead amplitude of fluctuation reading degree, when
Magnetic bead amplitude of fluctuation decays to 50% determination Coagulated hemothorax (bibliography：Zou Xiong, Cong Yulong《Clinical examination instrument》2014, the
Seven chapter thrombus and hemostasis analyzer, China Medical Science Press publish).
The apparatus structure of above-mentioned principle design is complicated, and operating cost is high, and the higher technical staff of professional standards is needed to go to grasp
Make.
General coagulo meter and thrombus instrument is mostly optical method and double magnetic circuit paramagnetic particle method on the market at present.Since optical method cannot
It excludes to interfere caused by sample muddiness, causes the testing result of certain samples inaccurate.And the cost of double magnetic circuit paramagnetic particle method is high,
Consumptive material is more expensive, professional's operation complicated for operation it is necessary to have compared with high-tech level, it is clear that is not suitable for detection by bed and occupies
The prediction diagnosis instrument that family uses.
The coagulo meter based on current method of Schnitger and Gross inventions uses fixed electrode, is highly prone to blood sample
Pollution, influences the repeatability of sample detection, causes unstable result, therefore do not received by market.
The micro- clotting system of Hemochron Signature Elite whole bloods of Accriva companies of nearest U.S. production is one
Kind POC (diagnosis by bed) instrument.The coagulo meter uses two-terminal led optical sensor detection blood in the sample of mating thin plastic light-transmission
The required time, avoids due to blood sample (hyperlipidemia, jaundice and haemolysis) containing chaff interferent when TCH test channel in product ware
Or hypofibrinogenemia special sample when caused by interfere.The micro- blood clotting of Hemochron Signature Elite whole bloods
Although instrument and a kind of other diagnosis, consumptive material is more expensive, and entire detection process needs the feed back input of operator, needs 30-90
The preheating time of second (planchet is thicker).Since the instrument is by determining that blood sample passes through the time of test path, test path
Surface tension and the electrostatic of generation the flow velocity of blood sample is had an impact, be easy to cause error.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of being suitable for portable electrochemical and the online of other portable detectors can
The device and its detection method of temperature-control senser room, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector, including shell, LCD liquid crystal displays, detection circuitry, it is described
Shell includes the rear cover of the protecgulum of casing and the panel, front side that are individually fixed on the upside of it, rear side, the LCD liquid crystal displays
It is fixed in the display port being arranged on the panel, the detection circuitry includes control circuit board and electrically connects with it respectively
The communication device that connects, heating plate, detection device, the control circuit board are fixed in the casing, and the detection device includes
The electrode sensor, connecting device for sensor, the panel downside are equipped with fixed plate, and the fixed front edge of board is equipped with power pole
The transducer room that sensor is inserted into, the transducer room upside, downside are fixed with heating plate, connecting device for sensor respectively,
The upper cover plate being fixed on the attachment device mouth opened up on the panel, the electrode are equipped on the upside of the connecting device for sensor
Sensor, connecting device for sensor are electrically connected with the control circuit board respectively.
Preferably, it is equipped between the panel and heating plate for being inserted into leading for transducer room guiding for electrode sensor
Rail, here, about 0.5 millimeter of the gap that guide rail is arranged between panel and heating plate is made to avoid being inserted into when electrode sensor
At deviation, influence electrode on electrode sensor and connecting device for sensor poor contact.
For the fixation for reinforcing to heating plate, it is preferred that the heating plate is PTC heating plates, i.e. positive temperature coefficient temperature-sensitive electricity
Resistive heating plate, the heating plate downside are equipped with pressing plate, and the pressing plate compresses PTC heating plates from bottom to top, with the fixed plate
It is fixedly connected.Ptc heater is a kind of heater element efficiently, inexpensive and high security performance.PTC can under low pressure (12 volts)
Operation, is suitable for power low (be less than 10 watts), safe (under temperature control situation, temperature is no more than 60 degree), small
The portable instrument that small, DC power supply starts.
Preferably, the electrode sensor includes dust piece, screening glass, polyester substrate, working electrode, reference electrode, meter
Number electrode, sample cell, addition pool, the working electrode, reference electrode, counter electrode, sample cell, addition pool are set to the polyester
On the upside of substrate, the dust piece, screening glass are covered on successively above the polyester substrate.Here, reference electrode is used for pinpointing position
Zero, electric current flows through working electrode and reference electrode constitutes a system that is obstructed or being powered less substantially, utilizes reference electrode electricity
The stability of position measures the electrode potential of working electrode.Working electrode and counter electrode constitute the system of an energization, are used for
Measure working electrode by electric current.
Preferably, the working electrode, counter electrode are conductive carbon paddle, and the reference electrode by silk-screen or is beaten by silver-colored paddle
In on the polyester substrate, the dust piece, screening glass are plastic material, are sticked in the polyester substrate, the work for print solidification
Make to be coated with one layer of very thin colloidal gold formation gold electrode on electrode.
Preferably, the connecting device for sensor be equipped with No. four reeds, wherein No. three reeds respectively with the working electrode,
Reference electrode, the electrical connection of counter electrode contact, remaining reed all the way form access with contact heater plate, when insertion electrode sensing
When device, the electrode sensor of test paper formula has blocked this access, and triggering instrument enters next execution program, and the three of electrode sensor
Electrode starts to apply potential, and fluid sample is added at this time, forms access, the variation of start recording electric signal between three electrodes.
Preferably, the detection device includes the NTC temperature sensors being electrically connected with the control circuit board, i.e. subzero temperature
Coefficient temperature sensor is spent, the NTC temperature sensors are set in the heating plate, and PTC heating plates provide heating, and pass through
The feedback data of NTC temperature sensors, the PID control pattern of temperature-adjusting circuit plate, it is ensured that accurately detect temperature (37 ± 0.5
Degree).
Preferably, the communication device includes the NFC module being electrically connected with the control circuit board and NFC module phase
The NFC induction modules containing external data of induction, the NFC module is set on the downside of the NFC induction zones of panel setting, described
NFC induction modules close to NFC induction zones with instrument by can carry out data transmission.Here, NFC module, that is, near-field communication channel radio
The device such as mobile phone etc. of news module, matched IC card or other induction modules containing NFC matches, and is sensed from external input
Device lot number, calibration curve and various operating parameters；Meanwhile it includes that detection data is defeated that NFC module, which can be reversed the data of instrument,
Go out to such as mobile phone of the module containing NFC device etc., and be connected with internet, for remote diagnosis, monitoring and understands instrument state and carry
Highly useful means are supplied.Here, the corresponding receptor of NFC module can be the power free IC card such as passive RFIC, such
IC card is at low cost, can be passed to medium as disposable external data, but data capacity is small, and it is simple to be adapted only to input
Sample message and parameter；Or the active device containing NFC module, as smart mobile phone or other contain NFC module other dress
It sets, such device can contain complicated operation program, thus it is possible to vary the operating parameter of instrument obtains the state of instrument and original
Data are further analyzed by corresponding application program (app) and the Internet transmission to relevant professional, it is ensured that
Precision of analysis.It is different from ibutton (passive), bluetooth or WIFI etc. wireless transport modules (active), transmit receptor
Can only be passive or active one kind, and not both dual-purpose, therefore NFC module has greater flexibility and widely answers
With.
Preferably, the LCD liquid crystal displays are 2 inch color lattice type LCD display screens, are operated for display instrument
The various prompts of journey, testing result, the information such as miscue.
The control circuit board is equipped with temperature-adjusting circuit, NFC communicating circuits, applies potential circuit, data acquisition and analysis electricity
Road, data storage circuitry, power supply and communicating circuit, trigger circuit, the rear cover are equipped with DC source socket, USB jack, network interface
It is connect respectively with control circuit board for external lug.Temperature-controlling system is turned by PTC heating plates, NTC temperature sensors and modulus containing position
It changes and the temperature-adjusting circuit of cpu controller forms.Triggering system is made of connecting device for sensor and trigger circuit.Instrument opens
When dynamic, connecting device for sensor wherein reed and electrode sensor heating plate are in the conduction state all the way, electrode sensor is slotting
After entering, since the polyester substrate of electrode sensor has blocked access to be allowed to non-conductive.Trigger circuit is according to the variation of conduction state
Start instrument, prompts user that sample is added and starts to trigger and apply potential on other three path electrodes.
After sample is added, applies potential circuit module and constant positive potential or negative potential are applied to system.Three electrodes due to
The electric conductivity of sample liquids forms access, generates the current signal for record.
For the present invention is better described, now its detection method is described as follows：
A kind of detection method of the Portable microelectrode method blood detector, includes the following steps：
S1. power supply is opened, instrument enters Auto-Sensing Mode, after self-test, prompts user by the NFC containing sensor information
Induction module is placed in NFC induction zones and imports data, into heating mode；
S2. when transducer room temperature reaches constant, instrument is reminded user to be inserted into electrode and is passed by LCD liquid crystal displays
Sensor；After electrode sensor is inserted into, the wherein access of reed all the way of connecting device for sensor has been blocked, has triggered other three roads electricity
It is extremely upper to apply potential；Since the temperature of electrode sensor and transducer room is inconsistent, need certain time into trip temperature rebalancing,
Here it is 5-6 seconds, i.e., electrode sensor is heated；When temperature reaches constant again, instrument passes through LCD liquid crystal displays
Prompt user that sample is added；
S3. after sample being added, instrument automatic data collection is stored in memory, and after data acquire, instrument, which enters, to be divided
Analysis result is finally stored in memory and shows result by LCD liquid crystal displays or pass through communication data by the analysis stage simultaneously
Result is printed or is uploaded to computer by line or NFC module.Whole process is no more than 2 minutes.
Preferably, in the S1 steps, Auto-Sensing Mode checks temperature-adjusting circuit when instrument starts, NFC communicating circuits, applies
Potential circuit, data acquisition and analysis circuit, data storage circuitry, power supply and communicating circuit, trigger circuit, NFC module, NTC
Whether temperature sensor is working properly；As abnormal, prompt error message stops the next step operation of instrument；Otherwise instrument into
Enter next program, that is, imports external parameter system.
NFC module is a kind of point-to-point contactless communication mode.Preferably, it is written and passes in the NFC induction modules
The various parameters such as sensor lot number, date of manufacture, calibration curve, are input to by NFC module in instrument；Instrument can also pass through NFC
State parameter, instruction, testing result and the other information of module the output instrument extremely all kinds of devices containing NFC induction modules.Closely
Nian Lai, the mobile phone for installing NFC module additional is more prevalent, can be passed through instrument state and testing result by the application program of mobile phone
A kind of important means of the internet distal end medical institutions as remote detection.The use state of instrument is timely feedbacked to factory simultaneously
Family, improves the service quality of producer.In order to avoid maloperation, the human-computer dialogue between user and instrument is reduced, using no key
Full-automatic " foolproof " interface of disc type.The parameter and instruction for changing instrumentation can be imported by NFC system in instrument.Parameter
After importing instrument, instrument enters next temperature-controlling system.
Preferably, in the S2 steps, the temperature change of NTC temperature sensor detection sensors room generates analog signal,
Switch to digital signal by 16 analog to digital conversion circuits, cpu controller circuit is sent into, by the PID temperature control programs in cpu controller
Processing, switch to power signal by heat driven output power of circuit, ptc heater work passes through PID moulds during temperature control
Formula regulates and controls into trip temperature, and the error range of temperature is made to be maintained within 0.5 degree.
Further, the PID temperature controls program uses PID temperature control methods, by proportional unit P, integral unit I and differential list
First D compositions, wherein：
The effect of proportional unit P is the deviation of reaction system in proportion, and deviation once occurs in system, and proportion adjustment is immediately
Adjustment effect is generated to reduce deviation.Proportional action is big, can accelerate to adjust, and reduces error；
The effect of integral unit I：So that system is eliminated steady-state error, improves without margin.Because there is error, integral adjustment just into
Row, until indifference, integral adjustment stops, and integral adjustment exports a constant value.The power of integral action depends on and integration time constant
Ti, Ti are smaller, and integral action is stronger.Otherwise then integral action is weak greatly by Ti；
The effect of differentiation element D：The differential action reflects the change rate of system deviation signal, has foresight, can predict partially
The trend of difference variation, therefore advanced control action can be generated, before deviation is formed not yet, it has been differentiated adjustment effect and has disappeared
It removes.Therefore, the dynamic property of system can be improved.In the case where derivative time selects suitable conditions, it is possible to reduce overshoot is reduced and adjusted
Time.
PID temperature controls program passes through the temperature changing regularity of measurement sample room, setting ratio unit P, integral unit I, differential
The parameter of cells D.
Preferably, temperature constant value of the PID temperature controls program by the temperature control of transducer room at 37 ± 0.5 degree.
Preferably, in the S3 steps, the index of detection is to carry out table with the timing node of current signal generation rapid decay
Sign, and the judgement of intermediate node at this time is obtained using the mathematic(al) mode of mean value theorem, i.e.,：
Functional value f (ε) is calculated from above-mentioned formula, corresponding time point x=ε are Testing index.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：A kind of Portable microelectrode method blood of the present invention
Detector and its detection method pass through sample after measurement application potential using the three-electrode system sensor in electrochemical analysis
Time needed for current break, (the example reaction room under micro-system environment<10 microlitres) measure blood flow property, this biography
Sensor acts on disposable product, and electrode is not polluted by sample, and the surface contact rate of sample and electrode sensor is up to 90%, has
With the contact surfaces of sample liquids is big, the repeated high advantage that can generate stable current signal, detect, substantially increase detection
Precision；Since detection is just started after blood sample reaches sample room, approach of the sample from sample addition zone to sample room is very short, only needs
Several milliseconds of times just can reach sample room, reduce caused error during sample-adding；The disposable electrode sensor used
Guarantee electrode measuring each time is carried out under completely new pollution-free environment；Due to electrode sensor (manufacture at low cost
Cost<0.5 yuan of RMB)；Apparatus structure is simple, keeps operating process extremely simple (simple with as the operation of household blood glucose meter
It is single), operator does not need special training and can operate.
In conclusion present invention eliminates the difference that different operation personnel generate in sampling process, blood clotting and thrombus
Testing index reaches the time of second grade, realizes diagnosis by full-automatic " foolproof " bed, is applicable not only to hospital or inspection center,
And the prediction diagnosis instrument of household can be acted on, with detecting, reliable and stable, use cost is relatively low, is used convenient for popular prevention
The characteristics of.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is detonation configuration figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is circuit diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is electrode sensor structure chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the change in electric figure of agar solidification process of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the change in electric figure after diluting blood sample of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the change in electric figure that the embodiment of the present invention applies high potential blood sample；
Fig. 8 is the electrical signal intensity and its variation that blood sample generates when the identical blood sample of the embodiment of the present invention applies different potentials
Figure；
Fig. 9 be the identical blood sample of the embodiment of the present invention apply different directions potential when the electrical signal intensity that generates of blood sample and its
Variation diagram；
Figure 10 is the electric signal that detection of embodiment of the present invention temperature is 16C, blood sample generates when applying+700 millivolts of potential
Variation diagram；
Figure 11 is the change in electric figure that blood sample generates when the potential of+700 millivolts of application of the embodiment of the present invention repeats to detect；
Wherein：1. panel, 2.LCD liquid crystal displays, 3. transducer rooms, 4. connecting device for sensor, 5.NFC induction zones,
6.NFC induction modules, 7.PTC heating plates, 8.NTC temperature sensors, 9.NFC modules, 10. pressing plates, 11. control circuit boards, 12.
Casing, 13. protecgulums, 14. rear covers, 15. DC source sockets, 16.USB sockets, 17. network interfaces, 18. electrode sensors, 19. upper covers
Plate, 20. working electrodes, 21. reference electrodes, 22. counter electrodes, 23. sample cells, 24. addition pools, 25. dust pieces, 26. protections
Piece, 27. polyester substrates.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig.1 shown in-Fig. 4, a kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector, including shell, LCD liquid crystal displays 2,
Detection circuitry, the shell include protecgulum 13, the rear side of casing 12 and the panel being individually fixed on the upside of it 1, front side
Rear cover 14, the LCD liquid crystal displays 2 are fixed in the display port being arranged on the panel 1, and the detection circuitry includes
Control circuit board 11 and the communication device being electrically connected respectively, heating plate 7, detection device, the control circuit board 11 are solid
Due in the casing 12, the detection device includes the electrode sensor 18, connecting device for sensor 4, under the panel 1
Side is equipped with fixed plate, and the fixed front edge of board is equipped with the transducer room 3 that power pole sensor 18 is inserted into, on the transducer room 3
Side, downside are fixed with heating plate 7, connecting device for sensor 4 respectively, and 4 upside of the connecting device for sensor, which is equipped with, to be fixed on
The upper cover plate 19 on attachment device mouth opened up on the panel 1, the electrode sensor 18, connecting device for sensor 4 are distinguished
It is electrically connected with the control circuit board 11.
It is equipped between the panel 1 and heating plate 7 for being inserted into the guide rail that transducer room 3 is oriented to for electrode sensor 18,
Here, about 0.5 millimeter of the gap that guide rail is arranged between panel 1 and heating plate 7 is made to avoid being inserted into when electrode sensor 18
At deviation, influence electrode on electrode sensor 18 and 4 poor contact of connecting device for sensor.
For the fixation for reinforcing to heating plate 7, the heating plate 7 is PTC heating plates, i.e. posive temperature coefficient thermistor formula adds
Hot plate, 7 downside of the heating plate are equipped with pressing plate 10, and the pressing plate 10 compresses PTC heating plates 7 from bottom to top, with the fixed plate
It is fixedly connected.Ptc heater is a kind of heater element efficiently, inexpensive and high security performance.PTC can under low pressure (12 volts)
Operation, is suitable for power low (be less than 10 watts), safe (under temperature control situation, temperature is no more than 60 degree), small
The portable instrument that small, DC power supply starts.
With reference to shown in Fig. 4, the electrode sensor 18 includes dust piece 25, screening glass 26, polyester substrate 27, working electrode
20, reference electrode 21, counter electrode 22, sample cell 23, addition pool 24, the working electrode 20, reference electrode 21, counter electrode
22, sample cell 23, addition pool 24 are set to 27 upside of the polyester substrate, and the dust piece 25, screening glass 26 are covered on institute successively
State 27 top of polyester substrate.Here, reference electrode 21 is used for pinpointing a zero, and electric current flows through working electrode 20 and reference electrode 21
A system that is obstructed or being powered less substantially is constituted, the electricity of working electrode 20 is measured using the stability of 21 current potential of reference electrode
Electrode potential.Working electrode 20 and counter electrode 22 constitute the system of an energization, for measure working electrode by electric current.
The working electrode 20, counter electrode 22 are conductive carbon paddle, and the reference electrode 21 by silk-screen or is beaten by silver-colored paddle
In on the polyester substrate 27, the dust piece 25, screening glass 26 are plastic material, are sticked in the polyester substrate for print solidification
27, it is coated with one layer of very thin colloidal gold on the working electrode 20 and forms gold electrode.
The connecting device for sensor 4 be equipped with No. four reeds, wherein No. three reeds respectively with the working electrode 20, reference
Electrode 21, the electrical connection of 22 contact of counter electrode, remaining reed all the way contact to form access with heating plate 7, are passed when being inserted into electrode
When sensor 18, the electrode sensor 18 of test paper formula has blocked this access, triggering instrument to enter next execution program, electrode sensing
Three electrodes of device 18 start to apply potential, and fluid sample is added at this time, forms access, the change of start recording electric signal between three electrodes
Change.
The detection device includes the NTC temperature sensors 8 being electrically connected with the control circuit board 11, i.e. negative temperature system
Number temperature sensor, the NTC temperature sensors 8 are set in the heating plate 7, and PTC heating plates 7 provide heating, and pass through NTC
The feedback data of temperature sensor 8, the PID control pattern of temperature-adjusting circuit plate, it is ensured that accurately detect temperature (37 ± 0.5 degree).
The communication device includes the NFC module 9 being electrically connected with the control circuit board 11, mutually incudes with NFC module
The NFC induction modules 6 containing external data, the NFC module 9 is set to the downside of NFC induction zones 5 that the panel 1 is arranged, described
NFC induction modules 6 close to NFC induction zones 5 with instrument by can carry out data transmission.Here, NFC module 9 be near-field communication without
The device such as mobile phone etc. of line communication module, matched NFC induction modules 6 or other induction modules containing NFC matches, from
External input transducers lot number, calibration curve and various operating parameters；Meanwhile NFC module 9 can be reversed the data of instrument
Be output to such as mobile phone of the module containing NFC device etc. including detection data, and be connected with internet, be remote diagnosis, monitoring and
Understand instrument state and provides highly useful means.
The LCD liquid crystal displays 2 are 2 inch color lattice type LCD display screens, for each of display instrument operating process
Kind prompt, testing result, the information such as miscue.
The control circuit board 11 is integrated equipped with cpu controller, PTC drive modules, 16 analog-to-digital conversion modules, described
Cpu controller is electrically connected with the PTC drive modules, 16 analog-to-digital conversion modules, LCD liquid crystal displays 2, and the PTC drives
Dynamic model block is electrically connected with the PTC heating plates 7, and 16 analog-to-digital conversion modules are electrically connected with NTC temperature sensors 8,
NTC temperature sensors 8 are by the variation that the change transitions of temperature are electric signal, by 16 analog-to-digital conversion modules by temperature signal
Switch to digital signal, input cpu controller, temperature data is sent LCD liquid crystal displays 2 to carry out liquid crystal by the cpu controller
Show, output power data is reached into PTC drive modules, driving PTC heating plates 7 work.
The control circuit board 11 is additionally provided with the digital storage module being electrically connected respectively with cpu controller, buzzer, institute
It states NFC module 9 to be electrically connected with the cpu controller, receiving the band such as extraneous IC card, mobile phone NFC by NFC module 9 communicates work(
The data of the NFC induction modules 6 of energy, are stored by digital storage module；Measurement result and measurement data are carried out by cpu controller
Analyzing processing, information data send liquid crystal display, are spread out of by NFC module 9, and NFC communication transfer condition promptings are carried out by buzzer.
The control circuit board 11 is equipped with multiple single channel voltage amplifier circuits, 12 D/A converter modules, 2 single channel voltages
Amplifying circuit is electrically connected with working electrode 20, counter electrode 22 respectively, and 12 D/A converter modules are controlled with CPU respectively
Device, 2 single channel voltage amplifier circuits are electrically connected, and the digital signal of output voltage is reached 12 digital-to-analogue conversions by cpu controller
Module, through 1 voltage amplifier circuit output voltage to counter electrode 22；The voltage that working electrode 20 will detect, through another 1 electricity
Pressure amplifying circuit, 12 D/A converter modules are converted to digital signal, reach cpu controller and carry out analyzing processing.
1 voltage amplifier circuit is electrically connected with 21,16 analog to digital conversion circuits of reference electrode respectively, reference electrode 21
Measuring signal transports to voltage amplifier circuit, and voltage amplifier circuit amplifies faint signal, then will by 16 analog to digital conversion circuits
Analog voltage signal switchs to digital signal and transports to cpu controller progress analyzing processing.
The control circuit board 11 is additionally provided with the power circuit being electrically connected respectively with cpu controller, RS232 interface, USB
Interface, the power circuit include DC power supply input plug and the DC power supply regulator circuit being electrically connected, the DC power supply
Regulator circuit is electrically connected with cpu controller, by connecting the DC power adapter of peripheral hardware in DC power supply input plug, by DC electricity
Source input plug output DC power supply is powered to DC regulator circuits, then to cpu controller and other elements.Cpu controller is logical
Cross RS232 interface, USB interface sends and receives data.
The control circuit board 11 is additionally provided with the detection trigger circuit being electrically connected with cpu controller.When instrument starts, pass
Sensor attachment device 4 wherein reed and PTC heating plates 7 are in the conduction state all the way, electrode sensor 18 be inserted into after, due to electricity
The polyester substrate 27 of pole sensor 18 has blocked access to be allowed to non-conductive.Detection trigger circuit starts according to the variation of conduction state
Instrument prompts user that sample is added and starts to trigger and applies potential on other three path electrodes.
After sample is added, applies potential circuit module and constant positive potential or negative potential are applied to system.Three electrodes due to
The electric conductivity of sample liquids forms access, generates the current signal for record.
For the present invention is better described, now its detection method is described as follows：
A kind of detection method of the Portable microelectrode method blood detector, includes the following steps：
S1. power supply is opened, instrument enters Auto-Sensing Mode, after self-test, prompts user by the NFC containing sensor information
Induction module 6 is placed in NFC induction zones 5 and imports data, into heating mode；
S2. when 3 temperature of transducer room reaches constant, instrument reminds user to be inserted into electrode by LCD liquid crystal displays 2
Sensor 18；After electrode sensor 18 is inserted into, the wherein access of reed all the way of connecting device for sensor 4 is blocked, it is triggered
Apply potential on his three path electrodes；Since electrode sensor 18 and the temperature of transducer room 3 are inconsistent, certain time is needed to carry out
Temperature rebalancing is here 5-6 seconds, i.e., is heated to electrode sensor 18；When temperature reaches constant again, instrument passes through
LCD liquid crystal displays 2 prompt user that sample is added；
S3. after sample being added, instrument automatic data collection is stored in memory, and after data acquire, instrument, which enters, to be divided
Analysis result is finally stored in memory and shows result by LCD liquid crystal displays 2 or pass through communication data by the analysis stage simultaneously
Result is printed or is uploaded to computer by line or NFC module 9.Whole process is no more than 2 minutes.
In data acquisition phase, working electrode generates current signal with counter electrode.
Data acquisition is made of amplifying circuit, A/D conversion modules and data memory module.The simulation generated between electrode
Current signal enters A/D conversion modules by amplifying circuit amplification, exports corresponding digital voltage signal, and deposit data store mould
Block is used for data analysis.It is divided into 50 milliseconds between data acquisition.This just determine instrument resolution ratio be 50 milliseconds, i.e., 0.05
Second.Entire acquisition time is 100 seconds.
In the S1 steps, Auto-Sensing Mode checks temperature-adjusting circuit, NFC communicating circuits when instrument starts, applies potential electricity
Road, data acquisition and analysis circuit, data storage circuitry, power supply and communicating circuit, trigger circuit, NFC module 9, NTC temperature pass
Whether sensor 8 is working properly；As abnormal, prompt error message stops the next step operation of instrument；Otherwise instrument enters next
A program imports external parameter system.
NFC module is a kind of point-to-point contactless communication mode.Sensor batch is written in the NFC induction modules 6
Number, the date of manufacture, the various parameters such as calibration curve, be input in instrument by NFC module 9；Instrument can also pass through NFC module 9
State parameter, instruction, testing result and the other information of the output instrument extremely all kinds of devices containing NFC induction modules.In recent years,
The mobile phone for installing NFC module additional is more prevalent, can instrument state and testing result be passed through interconnection by the application program of mobile phone
Net a kind of important means of the distal end medical institutions as remote detection.The use state of instrument is timely feedbacked to producer simultaneously, is carried
The service quality of high producer.In order to avoid maloperation, the human-computer dialogue between user and instrument is reduced, it is complete using on-keyboard formula
Automatically " foolproof " interface.The parameter and instruction for changing instrumentation can be imported by NFC system in instrument.Parameter introducing apparatus
After device, instrument enters next temperature-controlling system.
In the S2 steps, the temperature change of 8 detection sensor room 3 of NTC temperature sensors generates analog signal, by 16
Analog to digital conversion circuit switchs to digital signal, cpu controller circuit is sent into, by the place of the PID temperature control programs in cpu controller
Reason, switchs to power signal by heat driven output power of circuit, ptc heater work, during temperature control by PID mode into
Trip temperature regulates and controls, and the error range of temperature is made to be maintained within 0.5 degree.
Further, the PID temperature controls program uses PID temperature control methods, by proportional unit P, integral unit I and differential list
First D compositions, wherein：
The effect of proportional unit P is the deviation of reaction system in proportion, and deviation once occurs in system, and proportion adjustment is immediately
Adjustment effect is generated to reduce deviation.Proportional action is big, can accelerate to adjust, and reduces error；
The effect of integral unit I：So that system is eliminated steady-state error, improves without margin.Because there is error, integral adjustment just into
Row, until indifference, integral adjustment stops, and integral adjustment exports a constant value.The power of integral action depends on and integration time constant
Ti, Ti are smaller, and integral action is stronger.Otherwise then integral action is weak greatly by Ti；
The effect of differentiation element D：The differential action reflects the change rate of system deviation signal, has foresight, can predict partially
The trend of difference variation, therefore advanced control action can be generated, before deviation is formed not yet, it has been differentiated adjustment effect and has disappeared
It removes.Therefore, the dynamic property of system can be improved.In the case where derivative time selects suitable conditions, it is possible to reduce overshoot is reduced and adjusted
Time.
PID temperature controls program passes through the temperature changing regularity of measurement sample room, setting ratio unit P, integral unit I, differential
The parameter of cells D.
Temperature constant value of the PID temperature controls program by the temperature control of transducer room at 37 ± 0.5 degree.
How convergence curve in the change dramatically generation of because of blood clotting, thrombus or blood relic caused by current signal is confirmed
Timing node be the present invention emphasis.It is calculated with strong subjective setting, and because the noise effect of data is sentenced by residual value
Disconnected accuracy.In the S3 steps, confirmed using Lagrange mean value theorem (Lagrange Mean Value Theorem)
The time point of current signal mutation.According to Lagrange mean value theorem, if function f (x) meets (1), in closed intervalOn
Continuously, in open intervalOn can lead, then in open interval (a, b), at least one point ε (a ＜ ε ＜ b) makes equation f
(b)-f (a)=f ' (ε) (b-a) is set up.The index of detection is that the timing node of rapid decay occurs with current signal to characterize
, and the judgement of intermediate node at this time is obtained using the mathematic(al) mode of mean value theorem, i.e.,：
Functional value f (ε) is calculated from above-mentioned formula, corresponding time point x=ε are Testing index.
Under 37 degree, sample liquid retrogradation or solidification when, the resistance of sample liquid suddenly becomes larger, and the absolute value of current signal approaches
Zero, form convergence curve.Referring to Figure 5, apply positive 700 millivolts and when minus 1000 millivolts of potentials, what when agar solidification was formed
At 7-8 seconds, convergence curve jumpy occurred for curve.
The influence of sample liquid conductivity：When the conductivity of sample liquid is high, convergence song cannot be formed by applying constant potential
Line.With reference to shown in Fig. 6, sample liquid is by blood and 1% hydrochloric acid with 1:When 6 ratios are prepared, convergence curve is not formed, but one straight
Line, same 1% hydrochloric acid are also the straight line for not forming convergence curve.
With reference to shown in Fig. 7, the influence of potential intensity：When applying the positive potential or negative potential of excessively high (1800 millivolts), electricity
Stream signal does not change, and does not form convergence curve.Apply too low potential, the amplitude of variation of current signal is relatively low, in sample
The redox potential signal that other biochemical substances generate will produce noise, influences to judge, causes larger error.
As shown in figure 8, applying the minimum and maximum electroresponse signal difference (250) of 500 millivolts of generations much smaller than application 700
The response signal of millivolt is poor (1000), and the noise of curve is larger.Apply the data relative error of 500 millivolts of detections>5%, it applies
Add the data of 700 millivolts of detections<3%.But potential is excessive, also be easy to cause since electroresponse change rate signal is excessive, is easy
Cause to judge the error at electric current bust time point.Such as apply the coefficient of variation of the individual data of 1000 millivolts of detections>15%.
With reference to shown in Fig. 9, the influence of positive negative potential：Since the working electrode on electrode sensor is the gold for being coated with colloidal gold
Electrode, when applying negative potential, the ion containing positive charge is easily attached to working electrode by reduction reaction in certain blood samples
On, the abnormal variation of electric signal is easily caused, non-convergent signal is formed.And positive potential is not easy to be combined with the anion in solution
Generated interference is less than the interference caused by negative potential.
In conclusion other solvents cannot be added in the sample that this instrument is measured.Apply different constant potentials to detection
As a result also have a great impact.
As shown in table 1, it is smaller to apply error rate caused by the potential that 700 millivolts of potentials apply compared with other, the weight of data
Renaturation is higher, and the result of analysis is more credible.
The measured value of table 1 refers to that the variation of electric signal does not form convergence curve, but such as Fig. 6, Fig. 7 or Fig. 9's is straight extremely
Line/diverging erratic curve.
The different error information detection rates for applying potential of table 1. compare
It is very big to detect influence of the temperature to testing result.The detection of blood clotting and thrombus must be in the perseverance consistent with human body temperature
(the 37 degree Celsius) progress of constant temperature degree can just obtain reliable testing result.Referring to Fig.1 shown in 0, when detection temperature is low, electric current letter
Number slowly decline and gradually approaches zero.The time point of the time point low temperature detection calculated according to mean value theorem will be longer than 37 degree of inspections
The time point of survey.Detection temperature is lower, and the time point of measurement is longer.
As shown in table 1, when detection temperature is 16 degree, the time of measurement is long.This may be because in low temperature, and blood coagulates
Gu speed is relatively low compared with fragment that is slow, being generated in blood, cause resistance variations in blood slow, current signal decrease speed slows down.
Since detection temperature setting is higher than use environment indoor temperature, the more cheap PTC heating of use at 37 degree Celsius
Device is more economical, rather than electrode sensor room made of semiconductor refrigerating heater, can be with the manufacturing cost of lowering apparatus.
Result (the analytical unit of the different detection temperature of table 2.：Second)
As diagnostic instrments, the repeatability for not requiring nothing more than measured value is high, and requires instrument that can highly distinguish different sample rooms
Different numerical value.Repeatability using present invention detection blood clotting and thrombus is very high, by the result height one obtained by data analysis
It causes.Referring to Fig.1 shown in 1, the convergence curve that 10 detections generate is highly consistent, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for calculating gained is equal
Less than 5%.As shown in table 3, different anti-coagulants (EDTA or heparin), which are added, can maintain the setting time of blood, ensure blood matter quality
Constant but elongated with the storage time of blood, the time of the curent change of the blood measured shortens, and blood starts to go bad.
The testing result of the different blood samples of table 3.
Different human blood sample product also measure different blood current time change points, and measured value is respectively 23.8,24.3 Hes
22 seconds.Thus illustrate, this instrument can distinguish the blood qualitative change of different samples, therefore can be used as a kind of novel detection thrombus and blood
Solidifying instrument, i.e., a kind of convenient, economic and reliable conventional household diagnostic instrments provide one kind for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Effective means.
To sum up, the present invention is equipped with the direct contact type electrode sensor room of fast constant temperature, and automatic trigger instrumentation touches
Hair system, the new on-keyboard operation mode formed by contactless NFC point-to- point communication modules input or output data,
The assay method of solidification point and sample flow and the unique mathematic(al) mode meter according to mean value theorem are determined using microelectrode method
The data analysing method of calculation.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can carry out these embodiments a variety of variations, modification, replace
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of Portable microelectrode method blood detector, which is characterized in that including shell, LCD liquid crystal displays, detection circuit
System, the shell include the rear cover of the protecgulum of casing and the panel, front side that are individually fixed on the upside of it, rear side, the LCD liquid
Crystal display is fixed in the display port being arranged on the panel, the detection circuitry include control circuit board and respectively with
Its communication device being electrically connected, heating plate, detection device, the control circuit board are fixed in the casing, the detection
Device includes the electrode sensor, connecting device for sensor, is equipped with fixed plate on the downside of the panel, the fixed front edge of board is set
There is the transducer room that power pole sensor is inserted into, the transducer room upside, downside are fixed with heating plate respectively, sensor connects
Connection device, the connecting device for sensor upside are equipped with the upper cover plate being fixed on the attachment device mouth opened up on the panel,
The electrode sensor, connecting device for sensor are electrically connected with the control circuit board respectively.
2. Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the panel and heating plate it
Between be equipped with for for electrode sensor be inserted into transducer room be oriented to guide rail；The heating plate is PTC heating plates, the heating plate
Downside is equipped with pressing plate, and the pressing plate compresses PTC heating plates, is fixedly connected with the fixed plate from bottom to top.
3. Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the electrode sensor includes
Dust piece, screening glass, polyester substrate, working electrode, reference electrode, counter electrode, sample cell, addition pool, the working electrode,
Reference electrode, counter electrode, sample cell, addition pool are set on the upside of the polyester substrate, and the dust piece, screening glass cover set successively
Above the polyester substrate；The working electrode, counter electrode are conductive carbon paddle, and the reference electrode passes through silk-screen by silver-colored paddle
Or printing solidification, on the polyester substrate, the dust piece, screening glass are plastic material, are sticked in the polyester substrate, institute
It states and is coated with one layer of colloidal gold formation gold electrode on working electrode.
4. Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the connecting device for sensor
Equipped with No. four reeds, wherein No. three reeds are electrically connected with the working electrode, reference electrode, counter electrode contact respectively；It is surplus
Remaining reed all the way forms access with contact heater plate, and when being inserted into electrode sensor, the electrode sensor of test paper formula blocks access；
Three electrodes of electrode sensor start to apply potential, after fluid sample is added, shape between working electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode
At access.
5. Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the detection device include with
The NTC temperature sensors that the control circuit board is electrically connected, the NTC temperature sensors are set in the heating plate, and PTC adds
Hot plate provides heating, and passes through the feedback data of NTC temperature sensors, the PID control pattern of temperature-adjusting circuit plate, it is ensured that accurately
Detect temperature.
6. the Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the communication device packet
The NFC induction modules containing external data for including the NFC module being electrically connected with the control circuit board, mutually incuding with NFC module,
The NFC module is set on the downside of the NFC induction zones of panel setting, and the NFC induction modules are by can close to NFC induction zones
Carry out data transmission with NFC module.
7. according to the detection method of any one of the claim 1-6 Portable microelectrode method blood detectors, feature
It is, includes the following steps：
S1. power supply is opened, instrument enters Auto-Sensing Mode, and Auto-Sensing Mode checks control circuit board when instrument starts and is connected thereto
Each circuit element, whether NFC module, NTC temperature sensors working properly；As abnormal, prompt error message stops instrument
Next step operation；Conversely, by self-test, instrument enters next program, that is, imports external parameter system, prompts user will
NFC induction modules containing sensor information are placed in NFC induction zones and import data, into heating mode；
S2. when 3 temperature of transducer room reaches constant, instrument reminds user to be inserted into electrode sensing by LCD liquid crystal displays
Device；After electrode sensor is inserted into, the wherein access of reed all the way of connecting device for sensor is blocked, other three path electrodes are triggered
Upper application potential；Since the temperature of electrode sensor and transducer room is inconsistent, need certain time into trip temperature rebalancing, i.e.,
Electrode sensor is heated；When temperature reaches constant again, instrument prompts user to be added by LCD liquid crystal displays
Sample；
S3. after sample being added, instrument automatic data collection is stored in memory, and after data acquire, instrument enters analysis rank
Section, analysis result is finally stored in memory simultaneously and result is shown by LCD liquid crystal displays or by communication data line or
Result is printed or is uploaded to computer by NFC module.
8. the detection method of Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the S1 steps
In rapid, sensor lot number, date of manufacture, calibration curve parameter are written in the NFC induction modules, is input to by NFC module
In instrument；Instrument also can incude mould by the state parameter of NFC module output instrument, instruction, testing result information to containing NFC
The device of block.
9. the detection method of Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the S2 steps
In rapid, the temperature change of NTC temperature sensor detection sensors room generates analog signal, switchs to count by 16 analog to digital conversion circuits
Word signal is sent into cpu controller circuit and switchs to power signal by adding by the processing of the PID temperature control programs in cpu controller
Thermal drivers output power of circuit, ptc heater work are regulated and controled into trip temperature by PID mode during temperature control, make temperature
Error range is maintained within 0.5 degree.
10. the detection method of Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the PID
Temperature control program uses PID temperature control methods, is made of proportional unit P, integral unit I and differentiation element D, wherein：
The effect of proportional unit P is the deviation of reaction system in proportion, and deviation once occurs in system, and proportion adjustment generates immediately
Adjustment effect is reducing deviation.Proportional action is big, can accelerate to adjust, and reduces error；
The effect of integral unit I：So that system is eliminated steady-state error, improves without margin.Because there is error, integral adjustment just carries out,
Until indifference, integral adjustment stops, and integral adjustment exports a constant value.The power of integral action depend on integration time constant Ti,
Ti is smaller, and integral action is stronger；Otherwise then integral action is weak greatly by Ti；
The effect of differentiation element D：The differential action reflects the change rate of system deviation signal, has foresight, can predict deviation change
The trend of change, therefore advanced control action can be generated, before deviation is formed not yet, it has been differentiated adjustment effect elimination.
Therefore, the dynamic property of system can be improved；In the case where derivative time selects suitable conditions, it is possible to reduce overshoot, when reducing adjusting
Between；
PID temperature controls program passes through the temperature changing regularity of measurement sample room, setting ratio unit P, integral unit I, differentiation element D
Parameter；
Temperature constant value of the PID temperature controls program by the temperature control of transducer room at 37 ± 0.5 degree.
11. the detection method of Portable microelectrode method blood detector according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the S3
In step, the index of detection is with current signal the timing node of rapid decay to occur to characterize, and intermediate node is sentenced at this time
Disconnected obtained using the mathematic(al) mode of mean value theorem, i.e.,：
Functional value f (ε) is calculated from above-mentioned formula, corresponding time point x=ε are Testing index.
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