CN108316913B - Device and method for simulating and measuring sand production in marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating and measuring sand production in marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Natural gas hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sand production simulation determination device and method in marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process, which comprises a seawater storage tank, a sand filling pipe, a seawater invasion simulation pipeline, a gas-water-sand separation device, a sand/water receiver and a high-low temperature test box; the seawater storage tank and the sand filling pipe are both placed in the high-low temperature test box, the pipe cavity of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with the seawater storage tank through a seawater invasion simulation pipeline, the inlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with a high-pressure air source through an air injection pipeline and an air injection valve, and the outlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with the air-water-sand separation device through a mining pipeline and a connecting valve; the gas-water-sand separation device is placed in the atmosphere and is in a funnel shape, and a first switch valve is arranged on an outlet at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device; the top of the gas-water-sand separation device is provided with a gas production pipeline, the inlet end of the gas production pipeline extends into the gas-water-sand separation device, and the gas production pipeline is provided with a back pressure valve; the sand/water receiver is arranged below the first switch valve at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil and gas production simulation device and method, in particular to a simulation determination device and method for sand production capacity of a sea natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process considering seawater invasion.
Background
Natural gas hydrates are formed under appropriate conditions from water molecules and methane-based hydrocarbon gas moleculesResembling an ice-like cage crystal substance. According to statistics, land areas which are favorable for the generation and distribution of natural gas hydrate globally account for 20% of the total land area globally, and sea areas account for 90% of the total sea area globally. At least 1 x 10 carbon is stored in natural gas hydrate according to incomplete statistics3t, about 2 times the sum of the carbon content of all fossil fuels currently being explored. Particularly, the huge reserves of marine natural gas hydrates attract the enthusiasm of numerous researchers, organizations and the like all over the world. At present, 30 important natural gas hydrate production places in the ocean basically reflect the important production places which have high research degree, attractive prospect and are most concerned. The global distribution of these important producing areas obviously shows the characteristics controlled by the geographical pattern, and mainly focuses on the favorable zones with the water depth of over 300-500m at the edge of each continent extending to the sea. For example: pacific continental margin, west coast of the united states, kas cadi margin, peru lateral curb, japan coast, south sea sulcus, japan sea east margin, gulf of mexico, blaier green, and the like.
The currently reported natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation methods mainly comprise: a pressure reduction method, a heat injection method, an inhibitor injection method, a gas replacement method, a solid fluidization development method, and the like. Of which the depressurization mining method is considered to be the most convenient and economical mining technique. The depressurization production method is to promote the decomposition of the hydrate and the production of natural gas by directly reducing the pressure of a hydrate reservoir to be lower than the natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium pressure at the reservoir temperature. Reported gas hydrate reservoir pilot mining cases include depressurization mining in McKenzi delta, North slope Mount Elbert permafrost, Alaska, USA, and in south sea at sea chest, Japan. These mining examples, while all achieving significant research results, have not achieved the scale of industrial-grade mining. One of the main reasons is that compared with the conventional oil and gas reservoirs, the solid medium in the natural gas hydrate reservoir is not well cemented, the stability of the reservoir is remarkably reduced along with the decomposition of the hydrate, the solid medium and water are extracted along with the natural gas generated by the decomposition of the hydrate, the extraction cost is improved, and even the blockage of an extraction well and the occurrence of geological disasters are caused. Particularly for marine hydrate reservoirs, as compared with conventional oil and gas reservoirs, the upper part of the marine hydrate reservoir has no stable and closed cover layer, so that a great amount of seawater can flow in along with the decomposition of hydrate in a hydrate reservoir and the discharge of gas, and the flowing-in of the seawater can further change the multiphase flow characteristics of gas-water-sand in the reservoir and promote the discharge of sand grains and other solid media.
Therefore, the seawater invasion is an unavoidable phenomenon in the exploitation process of the marine gas hydrate reservoir, and the seawater invasion can obviously change the gas-water-sand multiphase flow condition of the hydrate reservoir in the natural gas hydrate decomposition process. Therefore, the research and the consideration of the sand production capacity of the ocean gas hydrate reservoir in the seawater invasion condition have very important significance for the development scheme formulation of the ocean gas reservoir, and the method is favorable for the establishment of the water drainage and sand blocking scheme in the ocean gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a device and a method for simulating and measuring sand production during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation considering seawater intrusion, so as to study the sand production situation of marine natural gas hydrate reservoir under different exploitation conditions, and provide reliable theoretical and technical support for the establishment of a reasonable development scheme during the actual marine natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a sand production simulation and determination device in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process is characterized by comprising a seawater storage tank, a sand filling pipe, a seawater invasion simulation pipeline, a gas-water-sand separation device, a sand/water receiver and a high-low temperature test box; the seawater storage tank is placed in the high-low temperature test box, and high-pressure seawater is stored in the seawater storage tank in advance; the sand filling pipe is also placed in the high-low temperature test box, the pipe cavity of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with the seawater storage tank through the seawater invasion simulation pipeline, the inlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with a high-pressure air source through an air injection pipeline and an air injection valve, and the outlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with the air-water-sand separation device through a mining pipeline and a connecting valve; the gas-water-sand separation device is placed in the atmosphere and is in a funnel shape, and a first switch valve is arranged on an outlet at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device; the top of the gas-water-sand separation device is provided with a gas production pipeline, the inlet end of the gas production pipeline extends into the gas-water-sand separation device, and the gas production pipeline is provided with a back pressure valve; the sand/water receiver is arranged below the first switch valve at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of seawater injection interfaces connected with the seawater intrusion simulation pipeline are axially spaced at the upper part of the sand filling pipe, a plurality of sensor interfaces connected with a temperature sensor are axially spaced at the bottom of the sand filling pipe, and the output end of the temperature sensor is connected with a data acquisition system; the number of the temperature sensors depends on the length of the sand filling pipe, and is preferably 3-5.
In a preferred embodiment, the seawater intrusion simulation pipeline comprises a drainage line extending from the bottom of the seawater storage tank and a plurality of branch lines connected in parallel with the drainage line, each branch line being connected to a seawater injection port on the sand pack; meanwhile, each branch pipeline is provided with a mass flow meter and a second switch valve; the number of the branch pipes depends on the length of the sand filling pipe, preferably 2-5 branch pipes, and the diameter of each branch pipe is preferably 0.1-3 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor is connected to each of the inlet end and the outlet end of the sand filling pipe, and the output end of the pressure sensor is also connected to the data acquisition system.
In a preferred embodiment, two ends of the sand filling pipe are sealed by detachable flanges, the flanges are provided with pipeline connecting ports, and the connection with the production pipelines with different diameters is realized by replacing the flanges with different pipeline connecting ports; the diameter range of the production pipeline is 0.3-10 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, a flushing pipeline is further arranged at the top of the gas-water-sand separation device, one end of the flushing pipeline is connected with a flushing water source, and the other end of the flushing pipeline extends into the gas-water-sand separation device and is connected with a flushing spray head.
In a good priorityIn the selected embodiment, the seawater pressure in the seawater storage tank is realized by directly injecting air pressure or hydraulically after being modified into a hydraulic tank with a piston; preferably, N is used directly2Or ArAs a pressure medium.
A sand production simulation determination method in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process based on the device comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, setting the experiment temperature of a high-low temperature test chamber, closing all valves on a gas-water-sand separation device, injecting seawater into a seawater storage tank, and pressurizing to the pressure of a hydrate reservoir at the bottom of the sea;
(2) filling solid media and seawater into the sand-filled pipe, wherein the water content is determined by the injection amount of the seawater, and injecting natural gas from the inlet end of the sand-filled pipe to synthesize a natural gas hydrate-solid medium mixed deposition layer by the solid media in the sand-filled pipe under the conditions of high pressure and low temperature;
(3) pre-filling a certain amount of natural gas into the gas-water-sand separation device to set the bottom hole pressure of a hydrate production well;
(4) opening a connecting valve between the sand filling pipe and the gas-water-sand separation device to perform pressure reduction simulation exploitation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir;
(5) in the natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process, branch pipelines of the seawater simulation invasion pipeline are randomly or completely opened as required, the seawater invasion rate is controlled by combining a second switch valve and a mass flowmeter, and the pressure in the seawater storage tank is kept basically constant in the experimental process;
(6) collecting natural gas generated by decomposing the natural gas hydrate reservoir from the top of the gas-water-sand separation device and collecting water and a solid medium generated by decomposing the natural gas hydrate reservoir from a sand/water receiver at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device in the exploitation process;
(7) and finally, quantitatively collecting the solid medium produced by decomposition to calculate the sand yield.
In the step (7), the method for calculating the sand production rate in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process comprises the following steps:
suppose that the mass of the solid medium initially filled in the sand-pack pipe is MsSand/water receiverMass of itself is MzAnd the total mass after the final recovery of water and solid medium is MhMass after filtration and drying is Mg(ii) a Then cleaning the gas-water-sand separation device again to a cleaned and dried sand/water receiver, wherein the mass of the dried and dried sand/water receiver is Mg1Finally, the total amount M of the solid medium discharged from the gas-water-sand separation device is calculatedrsComprises the following steps:
Mrs＝Mg-Mz+Mg1-Mz (1)
thereby obtaining the sand ratio XrsComprises the following steps:
in a preferred embodiment, the solid medium filled in the sand-filling pipe is seabed actual sediment substances, or other sand grains, clay, mud or mixture thereof with different grain sizes.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the simulation method can effectively simulate the sand production capability of the ocean natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process under different seawater invasion conditions (single-point invasion, multi-point invasion, different rates and the like), and can provide a good simulation effect for the research on the sand production capability of the ocean natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process, thereby providing reliable theoretical and technical support for the establishment of the development scheme of the actual ocean natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process, realizing the safe and effective exploitation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir, and being beneficial to the development and establishment of related prevention methods.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an analog measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are provided solely for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention and that they are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a simulation and determination device for sand production in marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process, which comprises a high-pressure seawater storage tank 1, a high-pressure sand filling pipe 2, a seawater invasion simulation pipeline 3, a gas-water-sand separation device 4, a sand/water receiver 5 and a high-low temperature test box 6.
The high-pressure seawater storage tank 1 is placed in the high-low temperature test box 6, and high-pressure seawater is stored in the high-pressure seawater storage tank 1 in advance and is mainly used for invading seawater in the process of sea natural gas hydrate pressure-reducing exploitation.
The high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 is also placed in the high-low temperature test box 6, and the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 is mainly used for synthesizing a natural gas hydrate-solid medium mixed deposition layer. The cavity of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 is connected with a high-pressure seawater storage tank 1 through a seawater invasion simulation pipeline 3, the inlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 is connected with a high-pressure air source (not shown in the figure) through an air injection pipeline 7 and an air injection valve 8, and the outlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe is connected with the gas-water-sand separation device 4 through a mining pipeline 9 and a connecting valve 10.
The gas-water-sand separating device 4 is placed in the atmosphere and is in a funnel shape, and a switch valve 11 is arranged on an outlet at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separating device and is used for controlling the discharge of water and sand deposited at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separating device 4. The top of the gas-water-sand separation device 4 is provided with a gas production pipeline 12, the inlet end of the gas production pipeline 12 extends into the gas-water-sand separation device 4 at a height of about 1/3, and the gas production pipeline 12 is provided with a back pressure valve 13 for controlling the pressure in the gas-water-sand separation device 4.
The sand/water receiver 5 is arranged below the switch valve 11 at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separating device 4 and is mainly used for receiving water and sand discharged by the gas-water-sand separating device 4.
The high-low temperature test box 6 mainly provides a low-temperature environment for simulating seawater and provides a low-temperature environment for synthesizing a natural gas hydrate-solid medium mixed deposition layer.
In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of seawater injection interfaces connected with the seawater intrusion simulation pipeline 3 are axially spaced at the upper part of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2, a plurality of sensor interfaces connected with the temperature sensor 14 are axially spaced at the bottom of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2, and the output end of the temperature sensor 14 is connected with the data acquisition system 15 for monitoring the temperature condition in the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 at different times. The number of the temperature sensors 14 depends on the length of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2, and is preferably 3-5.
In a preferred embodiment, the seawater intrusion simulation line 3 comprises a drainage line extending from the bottom of the high-pressure seawater storage tank 1 and a plurality of branch lines connected in parallel with the drainage line, each branch line being connected to a seawater injection port on the high-pressure sand-pack pipe 2; meanwhile, each branch pipeline is provided with a mass flow meter 16 and a switch valve 17, the mass flow meter 16 is used for displaying the seawater injection rate, and the switch valve 17 is used for adjusting the seawater injection flow.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of branch lines depends on the length of the high-pressure sand pack 2, preferably 2 to 5, and the diameter of the branch lines is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, 1 pressure sensor 18 is connected to each of the inlet end and the outlet end of the high-pressure sand-filling pipe 2, and the output end of the pressure sensor 18 is also connected to the data acquisition system 15 for monitoring the pressure conditions before and after the high-pressure sand-filling pipe 2 at different times.
In a preferred embodiment, two ends of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 are sealed through detachable flanges, pipeline connectors are arranged on the flanges, the production pipeline 9 connected between the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 and the gas-water-sand separation device 4 is mainly used for simulating perforation or bottom hole filter meshes on the wall surface of a natural gas hydrate reservoir production well, and the connection with the production pipelines 9 with different diameters can be realized by replacing the flanges with different pipeline connectors so as to simulate perforation or bottom hole filter meshes with different sizes. Preferably, the production line 9 has a diameter in the range of 0.3-10 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, a flushing line 19 is further disposed on the top of the gas-water-sand separation device 4, one end of the flushing line 19 is connected to a flushing water source, and the other end of the flushing line 19 extends into the gas-water-sand separation device 4 and is connected to a flushing nozzle 20, and the flushing line is mainly used for flushing residual sand in the gas-water-sand separation device 4 with incoming water after an experiment.
In a preferred embodiment, the seawater pressure in the high pressure seawater storage tank 1 can be controlled by direct injection of air pressure or by hydraulic pressure after being converted into a hydraulic tank with a pistonAnd (5) realizing. Preferably, N is used directly2Or ArAs a pressure medium.
Based on the simulation determination device provided by the embodiment, the invention also provides a sand production simulation determination method in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, setting the experiment temperature of a high-low temperature test box 6, closing all valves on a gas-water-sand separation device 4, injecting seawater into a high-pressure seawater storage tank 1, and pressurizing to the pressure of a submarine hydrate reservoir;
(2) the flange at one end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 is disassembled, the flange is filled with solid media and seawater, the water content is determined by the seawater injection amount, then the flange is sealed, natural gas is injected from the inlet end of the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2, and the solid media in the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 synthesize a natural gas hydrate-solid medium mixed deposition layer under the conditions of high pressure and low temperature;
(3) a certain amount of natural gas is filled in the gas-water-sand separation device 4 in advance to set the bottom hole pressure of a hydrate production well (lower than the stable pressure of the natural gas hydrate at the temperature of a high-pressure sand filling pipe);
(4) opening a connecting valve 10 between the high-pressure sand filling pipe 2 and the gas-water-sand separation device 4 to perform pressure reduction simulation exploitation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir;
(5) in the natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process, branch pipelines of the seawater simulation invasion pipeline 3 are randomly or completely opened as required, the seawater invasion rate is controlled by combining the switch valve 17 and the mass flow meter 16, and the pressure in the high-pressure seawater storage tank 1 is kept basically constant in the experimental process;
(6) in the exploitation process, natural gas generated by decomposing the natural gas hydrate reservoir is collected from the top of the gas-water-sand separation device 4, and water and a solid medium generated by decomposing the natural gas hydrate reservoir are collected from a sand/water receiver 5 at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device 4;
(7) and finally, quantitatively collecting the solid medium produced by decomposition to calculate the sand yield.
The method for calculating the sand production rate (sand production capacity) in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process comprises the following steps:
assume that the mass of the solid medium initially filled in the high-pressure sand-packing pipe 2 is MsThe sand/water receiver 5 at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device 4 has its own mass MzAnd the total mass after the final recovery of water and solid medium is MhMass after filtration and drying is Mg(ii) a Then the gas-water-sand separation device 4 is cleaned again to the cleaned and dried sand/water receiver 5, and the mass of the dried and dried sand/water receiver 5 is Mg1And finally the total amount M of the solid medium discharged from the gas-water-sand separation device 4 can be calculatedrsComprises the following steps:
Mrs＝Mg-Mz+Mg1-Mz (1)
thereby obtaining the sand yield XrsComprises the following steps:
in a preferred embodiment, the solid medium filled in the high pressure sand filling pipe 2 can be actual sediment material on the seabed, or other sand grains, clay, mud or their mixture with different grain sizes.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sand production simulation and determination device in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process is characterized by comprising a seawater storage tank, a sand filling pipe, a seawater invasion simulation pipeline, a gas-water-sand separation device, a sand/water receiver and a high-low temperature test box;
the seawater storage tank is placed in the high-low temperature test box, and high-pressure seawater is stored in the seawater storage tank in advance;
the sand filling pipe is also placed in the high-low temperature test box, the pipe cavity of the sand filling pipe is connected with the seawater storage tank through the seawater invasion simulation pipeline, the inlet end of the sand filling pipe is connected with a high-pressure air source through an air injection pipeline and an air injection valve, and the outlet end of the sand filling pipe is connected with the air-water-sand separation device through a mining pipeline and a connecting valve;
the gas-water-sand separation device is placed in the atmosphere and is in a funnel shape, and a first switch valve is arranged on an outlet at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device; the top of the gas-water-sand separation device is provided with a gas production pipeline, the inlet end of the gas production pipeline extends into the gas-water-sand separation device, and the gas production pipeline is provided with a back pressure valve;
the sand/water receiver is arranged below the first switch valve at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device.
2. The marine natural gas hydrate reservoir mining process sand production simulation and determination device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of seawater injection ports connected to the seawater invasion simulation pipeline are axially spaced at the upper part of the sand-packed pipe, a plurality of sensor ports connected to temperature sensors are axially spaced at the bottom of the sand-packed pipe, and the output ends of the temperature sensors are connected to a data acquisition system; the number of the temperature sensors is 3-5.
3. The apparatus for simulating and determining sand production during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploration according to claim 2, wherein said seawater intrusion simulation line comprises a drainage line extending from the bottom of said seawater storage tank and a plurality of branch lines connected in parallel with said drainage line, each of said branch lines being connected to a seawater injection port on said sand pack pipe; meanwhile, each branch pipeline is provided with a mass flow meter and a second switch valve; the number of the branch pipelines is 2-5, and the diameter range of the branch pipelines is 0.1-3 cm.
4. The apparatus for simulating and measuring the sand production during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation as claimed in claim 2, wherein a pressure sensor is connected to each of the inlet end and the outlet end of the sand-packed pipe, and the output end of the pressure sensor is also connected to the data acquisition system.
5. The device for simulating and measuring the sand production in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein two ends of the sand filling pipe are sealed by detachable flanges, the flanges are provided with pipeline connecting ports, and the connection with the production pipelines with different diameters is realized by replacing the flanges with different pipeline connecting ports; the diameter range of the production pipeline is 0.3-10 cm.
6. The device for simulating and measuring the sand production in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a flushing line is further arranged at the top of the gas-water-sand separation device, one end of the flushing line is connected with a flushing water source, and the other end of the flushing line extends into the gas-water-sand separation device and is connected with a flushing nozzle.
7. The device for simulating and measuring the sand production in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seawater pressure in the seawater storage tank is realized by directly injecting the air pressure or hydraulically after being changed into a hydraulic tank with a piston, and N is adopted2Or ArAs a pressure medium.
8. A method for simulating and measuring sand production in the marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation process based on the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, setting the experiment temperature of a high-low temperature test chamber, closing all valves on a gas-water-sand separation device, injecting seawater into a seawater storage tank, and pressurizing to the pressure of a hydrate reservoir at the bottom of the sea;
(2) filling solid media and seawater into the sand-filled pipe, wherein the water content is determined by the injection amount of the seawater, and injecting natural gas from the inlet end of the sand-filled pipe to synthesize a natural gas hydrate-solid medium mixed deposition layer by the solid media in the sand-filled pipe under the conditions of high pressure and low temperature;
(3) pre-filling a certain amount of natural gas into the gas-water-sand separation device to set the bottom hole pressure of a hydrate production well;
(4) opening a connecting valve between the sand filling pipe and the gas-water-sand separation device to perform pressure reduction simulation exploitation of the natural gas hydrate reservoir;
(5) in the natural gas hydrate reservoir depressurization exploitation process, branch pipelines of the seawater simulation invasion pipeline are randomly or completely opened as required, the seawater invasion rate is controlled by combining a second switch valve and a mass flowmeter, and the pressure in the seawater storage tank is kept basically constant in the experimental process;
(6) collecting natural gas generated by decomposing the natural gas hydrate reservoir from the top of the gas-water-sand separation device and collecting water and a solid medium generated by decomposing the natural gas hydrate reservoir from a sand/water receiver at the bottom of the gas-water-sand separation device in the exploitation process;
(7) and finally, quantitatively collecting the solid medium produced by decomposition to calculate the sand yield.
9. The method for simulatively measuring sand production during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method for calculating sand production rate during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation is as follows:
suppose that the mass of the solid medium initially filled in the sand-pack pipe is MsThe mass of the sand/water receiver itself is MzAnd the total mass after the final recovery of water and solid medium is MhMass after filtration and drying is Mg(ii) a Then cleaning the gas-water-sand separation device again to a cleaned and dried sand/water receiver, wherein the mass of the dried and dried sand/water receiver is Mg1Finally, the total amount M of the solid medium discharged from the gas-water-sand separation device is calculatedrsComprises the following steps:
Mrs＝Mg-Mz+Mg1-Mz (I)
thereby obtaining the sand ratio XrsComprises the following steps:
10. the method for simulating and measuring sand production during marine natural gas hydrate reservoir exploitation according to claim 8, wherein the solid medium filled in the sand filling pipe is actual sediment on the seabed, or sand grains, clay, mud or a mixture of the three with different grain sizes.
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