CN108311703B - Forming method of high-performance light precise structural part of new energy automobile - Google Patents
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming a high-performance light precise structural part of a new energy automobile, which comprises the following steps: cutting a titanium alloy sheet, and processing the titanium alloy sheet to form a titanium alloy framework; preparing element powder according to a preset aluminum alloy formula, and uniformly mixing the element powder into aluminum alloy powder; preheating a titanium alloy framework, and then cladding aluminum alloy powder on the surface of the titanium alloy framework layer by layer through laser 3D printing to form an aluminum alloy shell wrapping the titanium alloy framework, so as to obtain an alloy structural member; performing surface finish machining on the alloy structural member according to a preset three-dimensional model; and carrying out homogenization annealing on the finely machined alloy structural part. According to the method, the titanium alloy sheet and the aluminum alloy shell are utilized, and the high-strength and light-weight precise structural part is obtained through the laser 3D printing technology, the surface finish machining and the annealing stress relief treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobile manufacturing, in particular to a method for forming a high-performance light precise structural member of a new energy automobile.
Background
With the exhaustion of non-renewable energy and the increasing severity of environmental pollution, the development of science and technology begins to develop towards renewable and green energy. The exhaust emission of automobiles is an important pollution source of air pollution, so automobile manufacturers strive to research and develop new energy automobiles nowadays. The core innovation of the new energy automobile is that the adopted power system is changed from a traditional gasoline-driven engine to a green energy-driven engine, such as pure electric and fuel cell electric. When a power system is reformed, the precision structural part of a new energy automobile is reformed, the precision structural part of the automobile is developed towards the direction of high performance and light weight, and the traditional die-casting aluminum precision structural part is difficult to meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the high-performance light precise structural part forming method for the new energy automobile utilizes the titanium alloy sheet and the aluminum alloy shell, and obtains the precise structural part with high strength and light weight through laser 3D printing technology, surface finish machining and annealing stress relief treatment.
A forming method of a high-performance light precise structural part of a new energy automobile comprises the following steps:
cutting the titanium alloy sheet, and processing the titanium alloy sheet to form a titanium alloy framework;
preparing element powder according to a preset aluminum alloy formula, and uniformly mixing the element powder and the aluminum alloy powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder;
preheating a titanium alloy framework, and then cladding aluminum alloy powder on the surface of the titanium alloy framework layer by layer through laser 3D printing to form an aluminum alloy shell wrapping the titanium alloy framework, so as to obtain an alloy structural member;
performing surface finish machining on the alloy structural part according to a preset three-dimensional model;
and carrying out homogenizing annealing on the finely processed alloy structural part.
According to the forming method of the high-performance light precise structural part of the new energy automobile, a core framework is constructed by utilizing a titanium alloy sheet, then an aluminum alloy shell is formed on the surface of the titanium alloy framework by utilizing laser 3D printing to obtain an alloy structural part, the surface of the alloy structural part is subjected to finish machining according to a three-dimensional model to correct the outline of the alloy structural part, and finally homogenization annealing is performed to eliminate stress, so that the high-performance light precise structural part is obtained. Through the design, the titanium alloy sheet and the aluminum alloy shell are utilized, and the high-strength and light-weight precise structural part is obtained through a laser 3D printing technology, surface finishing and annealing stress relief treatment.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 15 portions of Zn, 4 to 8 portions of Cu, 2 to 6 portions of Hf, 0.5 to 2 portions of Yb, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of Mg, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of Ti, 0.05 to 0.2 portion of Ta, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of Zr, 0.06 to 0.1 portion of Fe, 0.06 to 0.1 portion of Si, 0.06 to 0.1 portion of Ni and 65 to 85 portions of Al.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy powder has a particle size of 40 to 49 μm.
In one embodiment, in the laser 3D printing, the laser power is 100-6000W, the scanning speed is 100-1500 mm/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.1-6 mm, the lap joint rate is 15-50%, the thickness of a printing layer is 0.005-10 mm, and the oxygen concentration of the printing environment is 0-50 ppm.
In one embodiment, the preheating temperature of the titanium alloy framework is 500-1000 ℃.
In one embodiment, the annealing temperature of the finished alloy structural member is 100-1300 ℃.
In one embodiment, the annealing time of the alloy structural part after finishing is 13-15 h.
In one embodiment, the finished alloy structural member is placed in a nitrogen environment for annealing.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy housing has a wall thickness of no less than 1mm.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the titanium alloy sheet is 1 to 2mm.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming a high-performance light-weight precision structural member of a new energy automobile according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, it is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming a high-performance light-weight precision structural member of a new energy vehicle according to this embodiment.
The forming method of the high-performance light precise structural part of the new energy automobile comprises the following steps:
s10: and cutting the titanium alloy sheet, and processing the titanium alloy sheet to form the titanium alloy framework. The titanium alloy has strong rigidity and can be used as a core framework to enhance the strength of a precise structural member.
S20: according to a preset aluminum alloy formula, element powder is prepared and uniformly mixed into aluminum alloy powder. And preparing proper aluminum alloy powder according to the functional requirements of the product.
S30: the method comprises the steps of carrying out preheating treatment on a titanium alloy framework, and then cladding aluminum alloy powder on the surface of the titanium alloy framework layer by layer through laser 3D printing to form an aluminum alloy shell wrapping the titanium alloy framework, so as to obtain the alloy structural member. The laser 3D printing mode is adopted, so that aluminum alloy powder cladding and titanium alloy framework surfaces are realized, compared with die development and manufacturing in a traditional die casting mode, the process difficulty is lower, expensive die manufacturing and development cost is saved, and the development cost is reduced and the production efficiency is improved.
S40: and performing surface finish machining on the alloy structural member according to a preset three-dimensional model. And (3) milling and finish machining the aluminum alloy shell on the surface of the alloy structural member through a numerical control machine tool, so that the contour precision is improved.
S50: and carrying out homogenization annealing on the finely machined alloy structural part. The purpose of the homogenizing annealing is to eliminate the internal stress of the alloy structural part.
According to the forming method of the high-performance light precise structural part of the new energy automobile, a core framework is constructed by utilizing a titanium alloy sheet, then an aluminum alloy shell is formed on the surface of the titanium alloy framework by utilizing laser 3D printing to obtain an alloy structural part, then the surface of the alloy structural part is subjected to finish machining according to a three-dimensional model to correct the outer contour of the alloy structural part, and finally homogenization annealing is carried out to eliminate stress, so that the high-performance light precise structural part is obtained. Through the design, the titanium alloy sheet and the aluminum alloy shell are utilized, and the high-strength and light-weight precise structural part is obtained through a laser 3D printing technology, surface finish machining and annealing stress relief treatment.
In step S10, the thickness of the titanium alloy sheet is 1 to 2mm. For example, according to the strength requirement of the product, titanium alloy sheets with the thicknesses of 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm and the like can be selected.
In addition, according to the complexity of the shape of the precise structural part to be formed, after the titanium alloy sheet is cut, the titanium alloy framework can be formed by bending or obtained by welding a plurality of titanium alloy sheets. For example, for a structural member with a relatively simple shape, a titanium alloy skeleton may be formed by bending. And for structural parts with more complex shapes, a titanium alloy framework is formed by welding a plurality of pieces of titanium alloy.
Further, in order to enhance the connection stability of the titanium alloy framework and the aluminum alloy shell formed by subsequent laser 3D printing, the surface of the titanium alloy sheet may be subjected to sanding treatment in advance.
In step S20, the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 15 portions of Zn, 4 to 8 portions of Cu, 2 to 6 portions of Hf, 0.5 to 2 portions of Yb, 0.5 to 1.5 portions of Mg, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of Ti, 0.05 to 0.2 portion of Ta, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of Zr, 0.06 to 0.1 portion of Fe, 0.06 to 0.1 portion of Si, 0.06 to 0.1 portion of Ni and 65 to 85 portions of Al. The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder is 40-49 μm.
For example, the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of Zn, 8 parts of Cu, 4 parts of Hf, 1 part of Yb, 1 part of Mg, 0.5 part of Ti, 0.1 part of Ta, 0.3 part of Zr, 0.1 part of Fe, 0.08 part of Si, 0.06 part of Ni and 75 parts of Al. The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder was 40 μm.
For another example, the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Zn, 4 parts of Cu, 2 parts of Hf, 0.5 part of Yb, 0.5 part of Mg, 0.3 part of Ti, 0.05 part of Ta, 0.5 part of Zr, 0.08 part of Fe, 0.08 part of Si, 0.08 part of Ni, and 85 parts of Al. The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder was 45 μm.
For another example, the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of Zn, 6 parts of Cu, 2 parts of Hf, 2 parts of Yb, 1.5 parts of Mg, 0.2 part of Ti, 0.2 part of Ta, 0.1 part of Zr, 0.1 part of Fe, 0.1 part of Si, 0.1 part of Ni and 65 parts of Al. The particle size of the aluminum alloy powder was 49 μm.
Further, in step S20, the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy case formed by laser 3D printing is not less than 1mm.
In step S30, in laser 3D printing, equipment parameters are configured according to the requirements of products, wherein the laser power is 100-6000W, the scanning speed is 100-1500 mm/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.1-6 mm, the lap joint rate is 15-50%, the thickness of a printing layer is 0.005-10 mm, and the oxygen concentration of a printing environment is 0-50 ppm.
In step S30, the preheating temperature of the titanium alloy skeleton is 500 to 1000 ℃.
In step S50, the annealing temperature of the alloy structural member after finish machining is 100-1300 ℃, and the annealing time is 13-15 h.
Further, the alloy structural member after finish machining can be placed in a nitrogen environment for annealing treatment.
All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A forming method of a high-performance light precise structural part of a new energy automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting the titanium alloy sheet, and processing the titanium alloy sheet to form a titanium alloy framework; the thickness of the titanium alloy sheet is 1 to 2mm;
preparing element powder according to a preset aluminum alloy formula, and uniformly mixing the element powder and the aluminum alloy powder to obtain aluminum alloy powder; the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 to 15 parts of Zn, 4 to 8 parts of Cu, 2 to 6 parts of Hf, 0.5 to 2 parts of Yb, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of Mg, 0.2 to 0.5 part of Ti, 0.05 to 0.2 part of Ta, 0.1 to 0.5 part of Zr, 0.06 to 0.1 part of Fe, 0.06 to 0.1 part of Si, 0.06 to 0.1 part of Ni and 65 to 85 parts of Al;
preheating a titanium alloy framework, and then cladding aluminum alloy powder on the surface of the titanium alloy framework layer by layer through laser 3D printing to form an aluminum alloy shell wrapping the titanium alloy framework, so as to obtain an alloy structural member; the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy shell is not less than 1mm; the preheating temperature of the titanium alloy framework is 500 to 1000 ℃; in the laser 3D printing, the laser power is 100-6000W, the scanning speed is 100-1500 mm/min, the diameter of a laser spot is 0.1-6mm, the lap joint rate is 15-50%, the printing layer thickness is 0.005-10 mm, and the oxygen concentration of the printing environment is 0-50ppm;
performing surface finish machining on the alloy structural member according to a preset three-dimensional model;
and (3) carrying out homogenizing annealing on the finely machined alloy structural part, wherein the annealing temperature is 100 to 1300 ℃, and the annealing time is 13 to 15h.
2. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light-weight precise structural member according to claim 1, wherein in the finish machining process, the aluminum alloy shell on the surface of the alloy structural member is subjected to milling finish machining through a numerical control machine tool.
3. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light-weight precise structural member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder is 40 to 49 μm.
4. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light-weight precise structural member according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of Zn, 4 parts of Cu, 2 parts of Hf, 0.5 part of Yb, 0.5 part of Mg, 0.3 part of Ti, 0.05 part of Ta, 0.5 part of Zr, 0.08 part of Fe, 0.08 part of Si, 0.08 part of Ni and 85 parts of Al.
5. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light precise structural part according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of Zn, 8 parts of Cu, 4 parts of Hf, 1 part of Yb, 1 part of Mg, 0.5 part of Ti, 0.1 part of Ta, 0.3 part of Zr, 0.1 part of Fe, 0.08 part of Si, 0.06 part of Ni and 75 parts of Al.
6. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light-weight precise structural member according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of Zn, 6 parts of Cu, 2 parts of Hf, 2 parts of Yb, 1.5 parts of Mg, 0.2 part of Ti, 0.2 part of Ta, 0.1 part of Zr, 0.1 part of Fe, 0.1 part of Si, 0.1 part of Ni and 65 parts of Al.
7. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light-weight precise structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that the alloy structural member after finish machining is placed in a nitrogen environment for annealing treatment.
8. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light-weight precise structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that after the titanium alloy sheet is cut, the titanium alloy sheet is bent to form a titanium alloy framework.
9. The method for forming the high-performance light-weight precise structural member of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein after the titanium alloy sheet is cut, a plurality of titanium alloy sheets are welded to form a titanium alloy framework.
10. The forming method of the new energy automobile high-performance light precise structural member according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the titanium alloy sheet is 1.5mm to 2mm.
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| CN113862521B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2022-04-22 | 南京工业大学 | Titanium-aluminum alloy based on multistage reinforcement and preparation method thereof |
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