CN108300996B - 一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺 - Google Patents
一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺,将压铸完成的铝制品经过抛光处理后,进行喷砂处理;将经过喷砂处理后的铝制品进行表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层处理;处理后的铝制品在经过高压水洗后进行除油工序;除油后的铝制品置于氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀后置于硫酸溶液中和后水洗;在碱性化学镀镍溶液内将铝制品表面电镀镍层;在设计的电解液内,对电镀镍层的铝制品采用阳极处理工艺在铝制品的镍层外表面镀覆设计颜色的保护漆层。本技术方案通过在铝制品表面的镀镍层处理,使得能够用于铝制品表面的保护漆的颜色的种类增加,因为镀镍层能够与现技术所有颜色的保护漆用电解液均能有很好的着附效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属表面处理技术领域,特别是指一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺。
背景技术
铝及其合金虽然被广泛的应用,但是由于铝的电极电位较低,当在潮湿环境中与高电位金属接触时,极易产生接触腐蚀。另外铝合金在制造过程中,由于追求高的力学性能和其他方面的综合性能而添加各种合金元素,这些元素的存在使得铝合金内部化学成份和组织不均匀,再加上热处理和加工过程中残余应力的存在,使得铝合金材料在使用环境中极易造成微电池腐蚀。而且铝合金在使用环境中,不可避免地存在着潮湿空气,这些潮湿空气凝结在铝合金材料表面形成水膜,更为严重的是潮湿空气中存在一定含量的Cl-、SO2、H2S、CO2等物质,在这种情况下,铝合金材料更容易发生点蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀等形式的破坏。
压铸铝阳极氧化处理是压铸行业的一个难点,且压铸铝阳极处理的产品颜色单一,局限于黑色及铝本色等有限的颜色种类,无法实现压铸铝产品的颜色要求。
发明内容
本发明是提供一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺,其目的是用于解决现有技术中压铸铝的耐腐蚀性能不高及压铸铝产品的颜色单一的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺,包括以下步骤;
1)将压铸完成的铝制品经过抛光处理后,进行喷砂处理;
2)将经过喷砂处理后的铝制品进行表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层处理;
3)将步骤3)处理后的铝制品在经过高压水洗后进行除油工序;
4)除油后的铝制品置于0.3-0.5MPa的氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀2分钟,后置于10-20%硫酸溶液中和后水洗;
5)将步骤4)水洗后的铝制品在碱性化学镀镍溶液内将所述铝制品表面电镀镍层;
6)在设计的电解液内,对电镀镍层的铝制品采用阳极处理工艺在所述铝制品的镍层外表面镀覆设计颜色的保护漆层。
所述喷砂处理为陶瓷喷砂,压铸铝零件表面粗糙度控制在40-60μm。
所述压铸铝零件表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层的制备方法是,
将加工后的压铸铝零件封孔,并将封孔后的压铸铝零件埋于由氮化镍与碳混合物中,在0.3-1MPa氮气氛围下加热到350℃-380℃,并保温0.5-2小时,然后降至室温;
所述氮化镍与所述碳的质量比为1:10-1:5。
所述除油工序的除油剂为有机除油剂及碱性盐溶液、苛性碱除油液或碱性盐除油液。
每立方米所述氢氧化钠蒸汽中,氢氧化钠为3-10克。
所述碱性化学镀镍溶液,按重量百分比计算,其组成为:
本发明的有益效果为:
本技术方案在进行镀镍层之前,首先进行表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层处理,这样通过渗镍工艺将镍渗于铝制品的空隙之间,然后再通过氮气与铝制品表面的铝形成氮化铝保护层,该保护层即能够防止铝与氧气之间发生氧化反应,又能提高镀镍层与铝制品表面的结合力。
本技术方案通过使用氢氧化钠蒸汽侵蚀而不是采用将铝制品浸入氢氧化钠溶液中,是利用带压氢氧化钠蒸汽对铝制品表面的侵蚀形状与铝制品浸入氢氧化钠溶液中的侵蚀形状不同,而且氢氧化钠蒸汽对铝制品表面的侵蚀形状均匀且形状相似,能够保证保护漆层与铝制品表面的结合力的均匀,提高粘附效果。
本技术方案通过在铝制品表面的镀镍层处理,使得能够用于铝制品表面的保护漆的颜色的种类增加,因为镀镍层能够与现技术所有颜色的保护漆用电解液均能有很好的着附效果。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例来详细说明本发明的技术方案,以下的实施例仅是示例性的,仅能用来解释和说明本发明的技术方案,而不能解释为是对本发明技术方案的限制。
本技术方案提供一种替代压铸铝阳极的金属表面上色工艺,包括以下步骤:
1)将压铸完成的铝制品经过抛光处理后,进行喷砂处理;在本申请中,抛光处理为现有技术,任何现有技术中适用于抛光处理的过程均适用本申请的技术方案,因此,在本申请中,不对抛光处理进行详细的说明。
在本申请中,使用的陶瓷喷砂处理技术,并将铝制品表面粗糙度控制在40-60μm。在本技术方案中,不使用其它喷砂技术的原因是,本申请使用的陶瓷为氧化铝陶瓷,以防止在进行喷砂过程中,因为压力的作用,会导致硅、铁等元素的渗入,而影响对铝制品表面的最后处理效果,特别是影响镀镍层与铝制品表面的结合力。
2)将经过喷砂处理后的铝制品进行表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层处理;将加工后的铝制品封孔,并将封孔后的铝制品埋于由氮化镍与碳混合物中,在0.3-1MPa氮气氛围下加热到350℃-380℃,并保温0.5-2小时,然后降至室温。
氮化镍与碳的质量比为1:10-1:5。
在本工序中,氮化镍在350℃-380℃会分解为氮气及金属镍,在此温度下,与铝制品表面接触的金属镍会渗入铝制品的表面,而在此温度下,碳不会渗入铝制品表面也不会与铝制品表面的铝发生反应生成碳化铝而影响后序处理。此处将处理后的铝制品表面经过电子显微镜观察及光谱分析均没有得到有碳渗入到铝制品表面及碳化铝的组成。
通过在铝制品表面的渗镍,其首先封闭铝制品表面的孔隙,防止空气的进入,避免与氧气的接触,另一方面,渗镍层与铝制品表面的结合度高,能够避免在使用电镀镍过程中,因为电镀时间短,镍层覆盖速度快而导致铝制品表面的孔隙被镀镍层覆盖而不是填入,即在现有技术的镀镍层过程中,铝制品表面的孔隙并不是被填补,而仅是覆盖,这样,在铝制品表面在镀镍后的孔隙依然是存在的,并且,该孔隙有些会有电镀液中的水分子存在,这样在该孔隙处形成化学电池,而影响铝制品的耐腐蚀性能。
本技术方案是通过渗入技术,在进行镀镍层前,通过渗入的方式,使得镍能够渗入到铝制品的空隙中,填补了铝制品的孔隙,这同时也是现有技术即使是覆锌层也解决不了铝制品表面的孔隙问题,同时,也不需要使用覆锌层这一牺牲层的技术。
3)将步骤3)处理后的铝制品在经过高压水洗后进行除油工序;除油工序的除油剂为有机除油剂及碱性盐溶液、苛性碱除油液或碱性盐除油液。
具体使用何种除油剂,根据铝制品表面的油污情况确定。
4)除油后的铝制品置于0.3-0.5MPa的氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀2分钟,后置于10-20%硫酸溶液中和后水洗;每立方米氢氧化钠蒸汽中,氢氧化钠为3-10克。在本申请中,氢氧化钠蒸汽的制备为现有技术,因此,在本申请的各实施例中,不对氢氧化钠的制备方法进行说明。
本技术方案采用氢氧化钠蒸汽来侵蚀铝制品的表面,是因为将铝制品浸入到氢氧化钠溶液中,不论速度多快,其在进行酸液中和前,均在铝制品的表面形成液滴的存留及氢氧化钠溶液在铝制品表面的流动而形成的各流道,这些流道导致对铝制品的侵蚀在继续,而有些部分的侵蚀是停止的,这样,的结果导致侵蚀后的铝制品的表面的侵蚀形状不均匀及增加铝制品表面的接触面积减小。
而本申请的蒸汽是通过碰撞来实现对铝制品表面的侵蚀,并不会在铝制品表面形成流道,并且在相同的压力下,侵蚀后铝制品表面的各处的形状基本相同,并且增加的面积远大于侵入氢氧化钠溶液中侵蚀所增加的面积。
5)将步骤4)水洗后的铝制品在碱性化学镀镍溶液内将铝制品表面电镀镍层;在本申请中,化学镀镍溶液的pH值为8.0-9.0。
6)在设计的电解液内,对电镀镍层的铝制品采用阳极处理工艺在铝制品的镍层外表面镀覆设计颜色的保护漆层。
碱性化学镀镍溶液,按重量百分比计算,其组成为:
在本申请的各实施例中,铝制品表面处理的工序完全相同,区别仅能为表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层处理的参数、氢氧化钠蒸汽的压力及碱性化学镀镍溶液的组成不同。
实施例1
表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层的制备方法是,
将加工后的铝制品封孔,并将封孔后的铝制品埋于由氮化镍与碳混合物中,在0.3MPa氮气氛围下加热到350℃,并保温0.5小时,然后降至室温;
氮化镍与碳的质量比为1:5。
除油后的铝制品置于0.3MPa的氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀2分钟,后置于20%硫酸溶液中和后水洗;每立方米氢氧化钠蒸汽中,氢氧化钠为3克。
碱性化学镀镍溶液,按重量百分比计算,其组成为:
NaCL12.6H2O为8%;NiSO4.6H2O为10%;NaHPO2.2H2O为9%;(NH4)3C6H5O7为20%;络合剂为20%;NH4CL为12%;NH4OH为21%。
实施例2
表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层的制备方法是,
将加工后的铝制品封孔,并将封孔后的铝制品埋于由氮化镍与碳混合物中,在1MPa氮气氛围下加热到380℃,并保温2小时,然后降至室温;
氮化镍与碳的质量比为1:10。
除油后的铝制品置于0.5MPa的氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀2分钟,后置于10%硫酸溶液中和后水洗;每立方米氢氧化钠蒸汽中,氢氧化钠为5克。
碱性化学镀镍溶液,按重量百分比计算,其组成为:
NaCL12.6H2O为9%;NiSO4.6H2O为11%;NaHPO2.2H2O为8%;(NH4)3C6H5O7为19%;络合剂为19%;NH4CL为12%;NH4OH为22%。
实施例3
表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层的制备方法是,
将加工后的铝制品封孔,并将封孔后的铝制品埋于由氮化镍与碳混合物中,在0.5MPa氮气氛围下加热到360℃,并保温1小时,然后降至室温;
氮化镍与碳的质量比为1:8。
除油后的铝制品置于0.4MPa的氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀2分钟,后置于15%硫酸溶液中和后水洗;每立方米氢氧化钠蒸汽中,氢氧化钠为4克。
碱性化学镀镍溶液,按重量百分比计算,其组成为:
NaCL12.6H2O为8%;NiSO4.6H2O为10.5%;NaHPO2.2H2O为8.5%;(NH4)3C6H5O7为19.5%;络合剂为19.5%;NH4CL为12.5%;NH4OH为21.5%。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形,本发明的范围由所附权利要求极其等同限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种铝制品阳极的金属表面上色工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
1)将压铸完成的铝制品经过抛光处理后,进行喷砂处理;
2)将经过喷砂处理后的铝制品进行表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层处理;
3)将步骤2)处理后的铝制品在经过高压水洗后进行除油工序;
4)除油后的铝制品置于0.3-0.5MPa的氢氧化钠蒸汽中侵蚀2分钟,后置于10-20%硫酸溶液中进行中和然后水洗;
5)将步骤4)水洗后的铝制品在碱性化学镀镍溶液内将所述铝制品表面镀镍;
6)在设计的电解液内,对镀镍的铝制品采用阳极处理工艺在所述铝制品的镍层外表面镀覆设计颜色的保护漆层;
所述铝制品表面渗镍及形成表面氮化铝层的制备方法是,
将加工后的铝制品封孔,并将封孔后的铝制品埋于由氮化镍与碳混合物中,在0.3-1MPa氮气氛围下加热到350℃-380℃,并保温0.5-2小时,然后降至室温;
所述氮化镍与所述碳的质量比为1:10-1:5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝制品阳极的金属表面上色工艺,其特征在于,所述喷砂处理为陶瓷喷砂,铝制品表面粗糙度控制在40-60μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝制品阳极的金属表面上色工艺,其特征在于,所述除油工序的除油剂为有机除油剂、苛性碱除油液或碱性盐除油液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铝制品阳极的金属表面上色工艺,其特征在于,每立方米所述氢氧化钠蒸汽中,氢氧化钠为3-10克。
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