CN108300930A - Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108300930A
CN108300930A CN201810084839.6A CN201810084839A CN108300930A CN 108300930 A CN108300930 A CN 108300930A CN 201810084839 A CN201810084839 A CN 201810084839A CN 108300930 A CN108300930 A CN 108300930A
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China
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iron
molten iron
nodularization
wind turbines
microalloy
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
万曙雄
王星
陈玉芳
王美喜
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Jiangsu Jixin Wind Energy Technology Co Ltd
Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Jixin Wind Energy Technology Co Ltd
Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810084839.6A priority Critical patent/CN108300930A/en
Publication of CN108300930A publication Critical patent/CN108300930A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and its manufacturing method.The G. Iron Castings include C by mass percentage：3.6 3.8wt%, Si：2.1 2.5wt%, Mn≤0.15wt%, P≤0.027wt%, S：0.008 0.014wt%, V：0.01 0.10wt%, Ni：0.05% 0.40wt%, Ti≤0.020wt%, Cr≤0.025wt%, MgIt is residual：0.035% 0.045wt%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.The tensile strength R of G. Iron Castingsm>=400MPa, yield strength Rp0.2>=260MPa, 20 DEG C of ballistic work αk≥10J.The proportionate relationship of the chemical composition of G. Iron Castings is according to CE, RmAnd/or αkIt determines.Intensity index greatly improved in the case where ensureing 20 DEG C of low-temperature impact works in G. Iron Castings according to the present invention.

Description

Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and its manufacturing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and its manufacturing method, more particularly to a kind of Wind turbines are used super High intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and its manufacturing method.
Background technology
Currently, wind-powered electricity generation with casting be all made of EN-1563 standards specified in EN-GJS-400-18U-LT material trademarks or EN-GJS-350-22U-LT material trademarks.When attached casting test block size is 70 × 70 × 170mm, EN-GJS-400-18U-LT materials The performance of the trade mark and EN-GJS-350-22U-LT material trademarks is as shown in table 1.However, both materials cannot be satisfied wind-powered electricity generation Unit casting light-weight design requirement.With the enlargement of Wind turbines, wind power casting needs to select the low temperature of higher intensity Magnesium iron (abbreviation of " spheroidal graphite cast-iron "), to realize the lightweight of casting design.
Table 1
The research of wind-powered electricity generation ductile iron material is concentrated mainly at present on the basis of solving how to keep existing intensity, makes punching Work(is hit in -20 DEG C, -30 DEG C, -40 DEG C of satisfaction >=10J.Existing chemical composition formula and manufacturing technique method can not ensure While greatly improving intensity, ensure that low-temperature impact work meets index.As Publication No. CN101914721A patent application in It mentions, by the way that Sn is added and improves number of graphite ball and refinement graphite nodule by pretreatment and recarburization process, obtain 70 × 70 × Tensile strength >=370Mpa of 170mm test blocks, yield strength >=220Mpa, -40 DEG C of ballistic work average value >=10J.Although this is specially Profit application, which proposes, increases the designs such as number of graphite ball, refinement graphite nodule, but chemically sees and can not carry on ingredient and technological angle It can also ensure that low-temperature impact work qualification while high intensity level.Ensure that low-temperature impact work is a pair of of lance while improving intensity Shield body improves intensity, will necessarily influence low-temperature impact work.How to solve this problem becomes current research direction.
Invention content
The present invention proposes that the present invention provides one kind to protect in order to overcome above-mentioned disadvantage of the existing technology - 20 DEG C of low-temperature impact works (average value) of card improve the Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron of intensity under the premise of being more than 10J Part and its manufacturing method.
In order to realize one object of the present invention, a kind of Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting is provided, it is described Wind turbines include following chemical composition by mass percentage with superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting：C：3.6-3.8wt%, Si： 2.1-2.5wt%, Mn≤0.15wt%, P≤0.027wt%, S：0.008-0.014wt%, V：0.01-0.10wt%, Ni： 0.05-0.40wt%, Ti≤0.020wt%, Cr≤0.025wt%, MgIt is residual：0.035-0.045wt%, remaining is Fe and can not The impurity avoided, wherein tensile strength Rm >=400MPa, the yield strength R of superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron castingp0.2≥260MPa、- 20 DEG C of ballistic work αk>=10J, wherein carbon equivalent ce=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% controls are within the scope of 4.4-4.6wt%.
According to an embodiment of the invention, tensile strength Rm=10 × (53.77+6.24Si+3.54V+2.348Ni- 7.396C)。
According to an embodiment of the invention, -20 DEG C of ballistic work αk=10 × [3.55-2.96Mn+ (0.10-V) 1.57- 24.8P+0.83Ni]。
In order to realize another object of the present invention, a kind of manufacture Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting is provided Method, the method includes：It is molten iron by the pig iron, foundry returns and smelting scrap steel；Carbon pick-up is carried out to molten iron；At carburetting Molten iron after reason carries out nodularization, breeds and microalloy treatment；To nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment after molten iron pour Note, to obtain Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting.Superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting includes such as by mass percentage Lower chemical composition：C：3.6-3.8wt%, Si：2.1-2.5wt%, Mn≤0.15wt%, P≤0.027wt%, S：0.008- 0.014wt%, V：0.01-0.10wt%, Ni：0.05-0.40wt%, Ti≤0.020wt%, Cr≤0.025wt%, MgIt is residual： 0.035-0.045wt%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.Wind turbines are strong with the tension of superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting Spend Rm >=400MPa, yield strength Rp0.2>=260MPa, -20 DEG C of ballistic work αk>=10J, wherein carbon equivalent ce=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% controls are within the scope of 4.4-4.6wt%.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the nodularization index K of molten iron1=4.4Ti+2.0As+2.3Sn+5.0Sb+290Pb+ 370Bi+1.6Al may be controlled to ＜ 0.5, pearlite FACTOR Px=3.0Mn-2.65 (Si-2.0)+7.75Cu+96Sn+ 3.57Pb+333Bi+20.1As+9.6Cr+71.7Sb may be controlled to ＜ 0.5.
According to an embodiment of the invention, may include to the step of molten iron progress Carbon pick-up：It is added into the molten iron Carburant, wherein the content of carbon can be more than 90wt% in carburant and the content of sulphur can be less than 0.05wt%.
According to an embodiment of the invention, nodularization carried out to the molten iron after Carbon pick-up, bred and the step of microalloy treatment Suddenly may include：At the side for the dykes and dams that inovulant is laid in nodularization packet, nodulizer and microalloy are laid on nodularization packet The iron for covering nodulizer and microalloy at the other side of interior dykes and dams and with iron filings and being added into nodularization packet after Carbon pick-up Water.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the addition of nodulizer can be the 1.0-1.2wt% of molten iron gross mass, nodulizer May include Si by mass percentage：40-50wt%, Mg：6-7wt%, Re：2-3wt%, Ba≤2.0wt%, Ca：0.8- 1.2wt%, remaining is Fe.The addition of inovulant can be the 0.4-0.6wt% of molten iron gross mass, and inovulant presses quality percentage May include Si than meter：70-80wt%, Ca：1.0-2.0wt%, Ba：2.0-3.0wt%, remaining is Fe.Microalloy can be V And the addition of Ni, V can be the 0.01-0.10wt% of molten iron gross mass, the addition of Ni can be molten iron gross mass 0.05-0.40wt%.
According to an embodiment of the invention, at the other side of the dykes and dams in nodularization packet can according to sequence from top to bottom according to Secondary laying nodulizer, the V in microalloy, the Ni in microalloy and iron filings, wherein the cladding thickness of iron filings can be 6-10mm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, nodularization carried out to the molten iron after Carbon pick-up, bred and the step of microalloy treatment Suddenly can also include：Carbon pick-up further is carried out to the molten iron after Carbon pick-up, wherein carburant can be laid on nodulizer Between the V in microalloy.
According to an embodiment of the invention, to nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment after molten iron the step of pouring into a mould can To include：In casting process, to nodularization, breeds random inoculant is added in the molten iron after microalloy treatment, it is pregnant with flowing The addition for educating agent can be the 0.1-0.2wt% of molten iron gross mass, and random inoculant includes Si by mass percentage：70- 80wt%, Bi：0.5-2.5wt%, Ca≤2.0wt%, Al≤2.0wt%, remaining is Fe.
Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting according to the present invention can ensure that -20 DEG C of low-temperature impact works are (flat Mean value) in the case of >=10J, intensity index is greatly improved, for example, tensile strength >=400MPa, yield strength >=260MPa, stretch Long rate >=12%.
Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting according to the present invention can realize casting light-weight design, for example, can Loss of weight is up to 10% or more.
Description of the drawings
By the description to embodiment carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above-mentioned and/or other objects and advantages of the invention It will become apparent, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the process flow chart for preparing Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, the Wind turbines superhigh intensity is low Warm G. Iron Castings include following chemical composition C by mass percentage：3.6-3.8wt%, Si：2.1-2.5wt%, Mn≤ 0.15wt%, P≤0.027wt%, S：0.008-0.014wt%, V：0.01-0.10wt%, Ni：0.05-0.40wt%, Ti≤ 0.020wt%, Cr≤0.025wt%, MgIt is residual：0.035-0.045wt%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity, wherein carbon Equivalent CE=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% is controlled within the scope of 4.4-4.6wt%.In more preferred embodiment, according to this The Wind turbines of invention include following chemical composition C by weight percentage with superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting：3.65- 3.78wt%, Si：2.2-2.4wt%, Mn：0.11-0.12wt%, P：0.025-0.027wt%, S:0.008-0.012wt%, V：0.015-0.080wt%, Ni：0.07-0.35wt%, Ti：0.015-0.018wt%, Cr≤0.015-0.020wt%, MgIt is residual：0.035-0.040wt%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Present inventor sorts out the content and magnesium iron of each elements such as C and Si, Mn, P, S, V, Ni with statistical method The mechanical property of part is (for example, tensile strength Rm, -20 DEG C of ballistic work αk) between relationship, so as to more accurately determine wind Relationship between the content of each chemical composition of motor group superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting.Specifically, Wind turbines superelevation There is following relationship between the content of each chemical composition of intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting：Carbon equivalent ce=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% Control is within the scope of 4.4-4.6wt%, tensile strength Rm=10 × (53.77+6.24Si+3.54V+2.348Ni-7.396C) And/or -20 DEG C ballistic work (here, being referred to as impact flexibility) αk=10 × [3.55-2.96Mn+ (0.1-V) 1.57- 24.8P+0.83Ni].In an embodiment of the present invention, Wind turbines according to the present invention superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting is anti- Tensile strength Rm>=400MPa, yield strength Rp0.2>=260MPa, -20 DEG C of ballistic work αk≥10J。
According to an embodiment of the invention, in low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, carbon equivalent ce=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% controls are existed In the range of 4.4-4.6wt%, that is, near the ingredient of eutectic point.Molten iron flow with eutectic composition is good, shrinkage porosite is inclined to Minimum, concentrating shrinkage cavity tendency maximum, is easy to feeding.In addition, Si not only influences the tensile strength and yield strength of material, and it is right Low temperature impact properties are extremely sensitive.With the increase of Si contents, tensile strength and yield strength significantly improve, but can push strongly Tough-brittle transition temperature is moved to high temperature direction, and low-temperature impact toughness is greatly reduced.In an embodiment of the present invention, it can incite somebody to action Si contents control in the range of 2.1-2.5wt% or 2.2-2.4wt% or any range of the above-mentioned numerical definiteness provided It is interior, for example, 2.1-2.3wt%, 2.2-2.3wt%, 2.4wt%.C content controls in the range of 3.6-3.8wt%, for example, Preferably 3.7wt%.If Si contents often change 0.1wt%, tough-Transition of Brittleness except range defined herein 5-6 DEG C of temperature change, so strictly to control the content of Si.
Mn and P is the element being had a major impact to the ductil-brittle transition temperature of G. Iron Castings；And Mn and P are also also easy to produce crystal boundary Carbide, iron phosphide eutectic and field trash, cause low temperature impact properties to decline.Therefore, it is necessary to the content of Mn and P strictly be controlled, at this In the embodiment of invention, can by the content of Mn control 0.1-0.2wt%, 0.11-0.19wt%, 0.12-0.18wt%, In the range of 0.13-0.17wt% or 0.14-0.16wt% or in any range of the above-mentioned numerical definiteness provided, for example, 0.15-0.2wt%, 0.15-0.2wt% or 0.12wt%；It is≤0.027wt% that the content of P can be controlled, for example,≤ 0.025wt% ,≤0.020wt% ,≤0.015wt% or≤0.010wt%.For example, if Mn contents are defined herein Range except often change 0.1wt%, then tough-brittle transition temperature changes 11-12 DEG C；P content is in model defined herein Often change 0.1wt% except enclosing, then tough-brittle transition temperature changes 4-5 DEG C.
S and MgIt is residualIt is one of to form crystal boundary field trash, reduce the reason of impact property, especially low temperature impact properties, needs Its content is strictly controlled in relatively low range.In an embodiment of the present invention, the content of S can be controlled in 0.008- In the range of 0.014wt%, for example, 0.008-0.012wt%, 0.009-0.011wt% or 0.010wt%；MgIt is residualContent control System is in the range of 0.035-0.045wt%, for example, 0.035-0.040wt% or 0.045wt%.
In ductile iron production, Ti and Cr can have an adverse effect to the tissue and performance of magnesium iron, be considered as harmful element.Ti All it is very active element with Cr, easily generates the very high particle of microhardness with C and N, Ti and Cr selective crystallization again Characteristic is easily enriched with to crystal boundary and the final solidified place of casting in crystallization process.The too high levels of Ti and Cr can influence spheroidizing quality, Nodularization is interfered, graphite shape is caused to be distorted.Therefore, for low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, Ti and Cr are segregated in crystal boundary and shape At micro field trash, low temperature impact properties can be reduced, therefore must be very strictly controlled its content.In an embodiment of the present invention, It is required that Ti≤0.020wt%, for example,≤0.15wt% or≤0.10wt% etc.；It is required that Cr≤0.025wt%, for example,≤ 0.020wt% ,≤0.015wt% or≤0.010wt% etc..
There are mainly three types of existences of the V in cast iron：1. being solid-solution in α-Fe；2. precipitated phase；3. blocky compound.It grinds Study carefully and shows to occur when V content is more than 0.1wt% apparent blocky compound.With the increase of V content, block Size and shape change.Specifically, block by bone stick, triangle, square gradually at Y shape, irregular polygon Shape and style shape, quantity increase, and size also increases therewith, but have an adverse effect simultaneously to the mechanical property of ductile iron material.Work as V When content is less than 0.1wt%, one side V can be solid-solution in α-Fe, play the invigoration effect to matrix, improve intensity；It is another Aspect, in process of setting, V is precipitated from matrix generates precipitated phase, while being formed with elements such as other elements such as Ti tiny Compound, this compound size increases with cooling velocity and size reduces, and quantity increases.Position is generated when plastic deformation occurs for material When Wrong Shipment is moved, the precipitated phase of V and tiny compound play pinning effect, prevent the sliding of dislocation, are conducive to low-temperature impact toughness Raising.In an embodiment of the present invention, solution strengthening of the V in magnesium iron, the precipitated phase in process of setting and shape are mainly utilized At compound and to the invigoration effect of matrix, with the power of this Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting for improving the present invention Learn performance.So for V addition control 0.01-0.10wt%, 0.02-0.09wt%, 0.03-0.08wt%, In the range of 0.04-0.07wt% or 0.05-0.06wt% or in any range of the above-mentioned numerical definiteness provided, for example, 0.05-0.10wt%, 0.06-0.08wt%, 0.07wt%.
Ni is imbued with toughness as a kind of metallic element of face-centered cubic crystal structure, and slide surface is more, it is prone to which sliding becomes The direction of shape is more, larger to the contribution of plasticity, toughness.The graphitizability of Ni is the 1/5-1/3 of Si, and it is infinitely solid-solution in Iron reduces γ → α transition temperatures, stablizes and refine pearlite.Ni is appropriately added in Low-temperature high-tenacity nodular cast iron can be with Reinforced ferrite matrix improves intensity, hardness.It is found by experiment that, since micro V element is in Wind turbines superhigh intensity Effect in low-temperature spheroidal iron casting is limited, in order to further improve the performance of material, while considering cost factor, therefore select Ni elements carry out assisted and strengthened, and addition is controlled in 0.05-0.40wt%, for example, 0.10-0.35wt%, 0.15- In the range of 0.30wt% or 0.20-0.25wt% or in any range of the above-mentioned numerical definiteness provided, for example, 0.05- 0.30wt%, 0.1-0.40wt%, 0.25-0.34wt% or 0.35wt%.
The method that manufacture Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting according to the present invention is described more fully below.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for manufacture Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting according to the present invention includes melting Process, carburetting process, nodularization are bred and microalloy treatment process and cast process.
It is molten iron by the pig iron, foundry returns and smelting scrap steel in melting process.Specifically, such as intermediate frequency furnace may be used Method (intermediate frequency furnace) or duplex practice (furnace cupola+electric furnace) carry out melt processed to the pig iron, foundry returns and steel scrap, to obtain molten iron.
The pig iron commonly used in the art, foundry returns and steel scrap can be used.It is, for example, possible to use including by mass percentage The pig iron of following chemical composition：C ＞ 3.7wt%, Si ＜ 0.5wt%, Mn ＜ 0.2wt%, P ＜ 0.020wt%, S ＜ 0.020wt%, Ti ＜ 0.020wt%, remaining is Fe；However, the invention is not limited thereto.
In the present invention, other trace elements in molten iron other than low Mn, low P, low Ti and low Cr are to Wind turbines Adverse effect with superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, especially high-ductility ultrahigh-strength low-temperature spheroidal iron casting is very important, the present invention In order to preferably control influence of the trace element to Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, by the nodularization index K of molten iron1 =4.4Ti+2.0As+2.3Sn+5.0Sb+290Pb+370Bi+1.6Al controls are ＜ 0.5, and by the pearlite coefficient of molten iron Px=3.0Mn-2.65 (Si-2.0)+7.75Cu+96Sn+3.57Pb+333Bi+20.1As+9.6Cr+71.7Sb controls are ＜ 0.5。
In carburetting process, Carbon pick-up is carried out to molten iron.Specifically, carburant is added into molten iron, with to molten iron into Row Carbon pick-up.For example, after 1400 DEG C -1450 DEG C, carburant can be added into molten iron for the control of the temperature of molten iron, To execute carburetting process.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to reduce influence of the trace element to G. Iron Castings, the content of carbon can in carburant It can be less than 0.05wt% with the content more than 90wt% and sulphur.Under the introduction of present inventive concept, those skilled in the art can To select suitable carburant, as long as it meets aforementioned condition.
In addition, the method for manufacture high intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting according to the present invention can also be included in after melting process and The process that the clinker on molten iron surface is removed before carburetting process.
It in nodularization, breeds in microalloy treatment process, nodularization is carried out to the molten iron after Carbon pick-up, is bred and micro- conjunction Aurification processing.Specifically, at the side for dykes and dams inovulant being laid in nodularization packet first, secondly by nodulizer and microalloy It is laid at the other side of the dykes and dams in nodularization packet and covers nodulizer and microalloy with iron filings, be then added and increase into nodularization packet Carbon treated molten iron, to execute nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment process.
Due to the stringent control of trace element to the pig iron, content is all relatively low, especially some tension-active elements, and dilute Earth elements have the function of hazardous trace elements in neutralization molten iron, so when carrying out type selecting to nodulizer, it is preferential to select Re contents Relatively low nodulizer.On the other hand, if Re too high levels, molten iron is easily made to generate chilling tendency, graphite nodule becomes not rounded, Influence Oxygen potential.It is preferred, therefore, that the nodulizer of low content Re.Preferred illustrative embodiment according to the present invention, nodulizer press matter It may include Si to measure percentages：40-50wt%, Mg：6-7wt%, Re：2-3wt%, Ba≤2.0wt%, Ca：0.8- 1.2wt%, remaining is Fe.In an embodiment of the present invention, the addition of nodulizer can be the molten iron gross mass in nodularization packet 1.0-1.2wt%.
In order to increase number of graphite ball, graphite, the comprehensive comprehensive mechanical property for improving material are refined, inovulant presses quality percentage May include Si than meter：70-80wt%, Ca：1.0-2.0wt%, Ba：2.0-3.0wt%, remaining is Fe.The addition of inovulant Amount can be 0.4~0.6wt% of the molten iron gross mass in nodularization packet.
In order to give full play to the characteristic of material and ensure its absorptivity, microalloy treatment is carried out to molten iron.In the present invention Embodiment in, using V and Ni as the adding ingredient of microalloy.
V is solid-solution in the form of compound in ferrite matrix in the base plays the role of solution strengthening, while V is anti- Graphite element can inhibit growing up for graphite nodule, play the role of crystal grain thinning, greatly improve the intensity of material.For V Addition control to be the 0.01-0.10wt% of molten iron gross mass in nodularization packet (for example, 0.02-0.08wt%, 0.03- 0.07wt%, 0.04-0.06wt% or 0.07wt%).In addition, the purity requirement ＞ 50wt% (for example, 50-100wt%) of V, Remaining is Fe.
Ni can improve intensity, hardness with reinforced ferrite matrix.It is found by experiment that, since micro V element is in this hair Effect in bright is limited, in order to further improve the performance of material, while considering cost factor, the addition control of Ni is It is the 0.05-0.40wt% of the molten iron gross mass in nodularization packet (for example, 0.10-0.35wt%, 0.15-0.30wt%, 0.20- 0.25wt% or 0.35wt%).In addition, the purity requirement ＞ 90wt% of Ni, remaining is Fe.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the granularity of microalloy can be in the range of 0.3-10mm；If microalloy Granularity is too big, then is not easy fully to dissolve in molten iron, influences absorptivity；If the granularity of microalloy is too thin, with molten iron Wetability it is inadequate, also influence its absorptivity.However, the invention is not limited thereto, the Ni in microalloy can preferably have plate Shape shape, such as with length be 70mm, the plate-like shape that width is 70mm and thickness is 2-5mm.
It in an embodiment of the present invention, can be by order to preferably carry out nodularization to molten iron, breed and microalloy treatment It executes nodularization according to such as under type, breed and microalloy treatment process：The side of dykes and dams in nodularization packet is laid with inovulant, In V that the other side of dykes and dams in nodularization packet is laid with according to sequence from top to bottom in nodulizer, microalloy successively, microalloy Ni, then with iron filings cover microalloy in Ni (it is preferred here that the cladding thickness of iron filings can be 6-10mm), then Nodularization packet is added from the side for being equipped with inovulant of nodularization packet in molten iron when the temperature of molten iron reaches 1420 DEG C -1460 DEG C It is interior, to execute nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment process.In the present invention, microalloy is laid on nodulizer, when When nodulizer is reacted with molten iron, nodulizer functions similarly to microalloy the effect of stirring, to further increase molten iron to micro- The absorption of alloy.
The present invention can produce casting by composition adjustment, the optimization of spheroidization and inoculation treatment process and microalloy treatment The superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron of state.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as needed, can also nodularization, breed in microalloy treatment process into one Step carries out Carbon pick-up to molten iron.Specifically, carburant can be laid between the V of microalloy and nodulizer.Here, if Carbon content in molten iron meets the requirement of production G. Iron Castings, then can be omitted the process.
The present invention non-limiting embodiment in, the method can also be included in nodularization, breed at microalloying After science and engineering sequence, molten iron is carried out to take off Slag treatment.
In pouring into a mould process, to nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment after molten iron pour into a mould.Specifically, work as molten iron When temperature is down to 1330-1360 DEG C, molten iron is poured into casting mold, it is secondary that random inoculant progress is added into molten iron in casting process Current-following inoculation, after casting complete, casting progressively cools to 400 DEG C or less in casting mold, and (speed of Slow cooling is preferably kept In 10-20 DEG C/min), casting is cleaned out from casting mold, to obtain Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting.
In an embodiment of the present invention, random inoculant is played for manufacturing superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting and is closed very much The effect of key, it should be noted that following four main points：1. ensureing cast overall process current-following inoculation, the uneven of molten steel preparation is prevented Property；2. ensureing the addition of random inoculant within the scope of technology controlling and process, by the way that special funnel device can be made, according to cast Agent flux is bred in time measuring and calculating, ensures pregnant amount with this；3. granularity requires：0.2-0.7mm, too carefully, random inoculant and iron The wetability of water is inadequate, not readily dissolves；It is too thick, it is unable to fully dissolve in the short time, undissolved particles easily occurs and formed on casting Hard Inclusion；4. fusing point requires to be no more than 1320 DEG C, fusing point is too high, is unable to fully dissolve in the short time, influences its pregnant effect.Base In this, in the present invention, in order to increase number of graphite ball, graphite, the comprehensive comprehensive mechanical property for improving material, for stream are refined The selection of inovulant is to contain based on Bi elements.Be primarily due to Bi enhance C, Si composition fluctuations present in high temperature liquid iron and Bi contributes to the formation of graphite heterogeneous nuclei, increases number of graphite ball, improves low-temperature impact toughness value.Therefore, in the present invention Random inoculant may include Si by mass percentage：70-80wt%, Bi：0.5-2.5wt%, Ca≤2.0wt%, Al ≤ 2.0wt%, remaining is Fe.In an embodiment of the present invention, the addition of random inoculant is total relative to molten iron in nodularization packet The 0.1-0.2wt% (for example, 0.12-0.18wt%, 0.14-0.16wt% or 0.15wt%) of quality.
In addition, molten iron, after spheroidising, degree of supercooling can become larger, and too big supercooling degree can be such that chilling tendency increases, institute The degree of supercooling of molten iron is reduced to need to be added a certain amount of inovulant.In addition, inovulant can also play certain increase equiax crystal Effect, improve the number of graphite.Inoculation fade phenomenon can occur after liquid iron balling, inoculation before casting, in order to more The harmful effect caused by molten iron of this phenomenon is mended, the current-following inoculation finally carried out in casting process seems most important.With stream Inovulant can not only increase number of graphite ball, so that graphite sphere diameter is become smaller, be evenly distributed, and can eliminate white caused by nodularization element Mouth tendency, improves mechanical property, improves metallographic structure.
In the present invention, vanadium is added and the microalloy of nickel is different from existing kind in the market, there is good absorptivity, pole Few addition can guarantee that content of pearlite in alloy is less than 1%, and the addition of the alloy does not interfere with the cold temperature impact of material Energy.The addition of common vanadium alloy, can cause being substantially increased for content of pearlite in alloy, if yield strength reaches 260MPa, pearlite Content reaches 5% or so, and -20 DEG C of low-temperature impact works are unable to reach 10J.However, the present invention produces work in existing wind power casting It is optimized on the basis of skill and microalloying, promotes crystal grain refinement and matrix solution strengthening, to keep the surrender of G. Iron Castings strong Degree reaches 260MPa or more, while meeting -20 DEG C of low-temperature impact toughness requirements.
In addition, the mechanical property of G. Iron Castings prepared according to the methods of the invention is significantly enhanced, ensureing -20 DEG C More than under the premise of 10J, tensile strength is promoted from 360MPa to 400MPa the low work(that rushes, yield strength from 220MPa promoted to 260MPa。
In addition, G. Iron Castings according to the present invention can be with loss of weight 10-20%.
In addition, G. Iron Castings according to the present invention can be applied to all Wind turbines casting.
Wind turbines according to the present invention are retouched in more detail with superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting with reference to example It states.
Embodiment 1
Melting is carried out to the pig iron, foundry returns and steel scrap using 10T intermediate frequency furnaces, smelting temperature is at 1430 DEG C, at this temperature Carbon pick-up is carried out to molten iron in electric furnace.The side of dykes and dams in 1T nodularization packets is laid with inovulant, and the other side of dykes and dams is under Then cylinder iron bits are covered in microalloy Ni in the supreme V and microalloy being laid in nodulizer, carburant, microalloy successively Ni on, cladding thickness 6-10mm.Molten iron is added from the side for being equipped with inovulant of nodularization packet in nodularization packet, wherein The addition of nodulizer and inovulant is respectively 1.0wt% and 0.4wt%, addition such as 2 institute of table of V and Ni in microalloy Show.Casting process uses late inoculation mode, and the addition of random inoculant is 0.15wt%.Obtained G. Iron Castings at subpackage Include C：3.7wt%, Si：2.4wt%, Mn：The residual content 0.045wt% of 0.12wt%, Mg.The hot metal composition of the embodiment is such as Shown in table 2.In addition, the mechanical property of the G. Iron Castings is as shown in table 4.
Embodiment 2- embodiments 5
In addition to the addition difference of the ingredient of molten iron, nodulizer, inovulant and random inoculant, according to embodiment 1 Method prepare G. Iron Castings.The component content of molten iron in the nodularization packet of embodiment 2- embodiments 5, nodulizer, inovulant and The addition of random inoculant is as shown in table 2 and table 3.The mechanical property for the G. Iron Castings being prepared is as shown in table 4.
Table 2
Table 3
Nodulizer (wt%) Inovulant (wt%) Random inoculant (wt%)
Embodiment 1 1.00 0.40 0.15
Embodiment 2 1.10 0.45 0.10
Embodiment 3 1.20 0.48 0.13
Embodiment 4 1.15 0.60 0.20
Embodiment 5 1.17 0.50 0.18
Table 4
From above-described embodiment as can be seen that the tensile strength for the G. Iron Castings that method through the invention is prepared is more than 400MPa, yield strength are more than 260MPa, and meet the requirement that -20 DEG C of low-temperature impact toughness are more than 10J.In addition, according to this The G. Iron Castings of invention can be with loss of weight 10-20%.It is used in addition, G. Iron Castings according to the present invention can be applied to all Wind turbines Casting.
Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, can make change in these embodiments, the scope of the present invention by Claim and its equivalent limit.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, the Wind turbines press quality with superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting Percentages include following chemical composition：C：3.6-3.8wt%, Si：2.1-2.5wt%, Mn≤0.15wt%, P≤ 0.027wt%, S：0.008-0.014wt%, V：0.01-0.10wt%, Ni：0.05-0.40wt%, Ti≤0.020wt%, Cr ≤ 0.025wt%, MgIt is residual：0.035-0.045wt%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity,
Wherein, the tensile strength R of Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron castingm>=400MPa, yield strength Rp0.2≥ 260MPa, -20 DEG C of ballistic work αk>=10J,
Wherein, carbon equivalent ce=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% controls are within the scope of 4.4-4.6wt%.
2. Wind turbines according to claim 1 superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, which is characterized in that the tensile strength Rm=10 × (53.77+6.24Si+3.54V+2.348Ni-7.396C).
3. Wind turbines according to claim 1 or 2 superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, which is characterized in that described -20 DEG C Ballistic work αk=10 × [3.55-2.96Mn+ (0.10-V) 1.57-24.8P+0.83Ni].
4. a kind of method preparing Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, which is characterized in that the method includes as follows Step：
It is molten iron by the pig iron, foundry returns and smelting scrap steel；
Carbon pick-up is carried out to the molten iron；
Nodularization is carried out to the molten iron after the Carbon pick-up, is bred and microalloy treatment；
To the nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment after molten iron pour into a mould, it is strong to obtain the Wind turbines superelevation Low-temperature spheroidal iron casting is spent,
Wherein, the Wind turbines include following chemical composition C by mass percentage with superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting：3.6- 3.8wt%, Si：2.1-2.5wt%, Mn≤0.15wt%, P≤0.027wt%, S:0.008-0.014wt%, V：0.01- 0.10wt%, Ni：0.05-0.40wt%, Ti≤0.02wt%, Cr≤0.025wt%, MgIt is residual：0.035-0.045wt%, remaining For Fe and inevitable impurity,
Wherein, tensile strength Rm >=400MPa of Wind turbines superhigh intensity low-temperature spheroidal iron casting, yield strength Rp0.2≥ 260MPa, -20 DEG C of ballistic work αk>=10J,
Wherein, carbon equivalent ce=[C+0.3 (Si+P)] wt% controls are within the scope of 4.4-4.6wt%.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the nodularization index K of the molten iron1=4.4Ti+2.0As+ 2.3Sn+5.0Sb+290Pb+370Bi+1.6Al control is ＜ 0.5, pearlite FACTOR Px=3.0Mn-2.65 (Si-2.0)+ 7.75Cu+96Sn+3.57Pb+333Bi+20.1As+9.6Cr+71.7Sb controls are ＜ 0.5.
6. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the step of carrying out Carbon pick-up to the molten iron includes：To Carburant is added in the molten iron,
Wherein, the content of carbon is more than 90wt% in the carburant and the content of sulphur is less than 0.05wt%.
7. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, carrying out nodularization to the molten iron after the Carbon pick-up, breeding And the step of microalloy treatment, includes：At the side for the dykes and dams that inovulant is laid in nodularization packet, by nodulizer and micro- conjunction Gold store be located at the other side of the dykes and dams in the nodularization packet and with iron filings cover the nodulizer and the microalloy with And the molten iron after the Carbon pick-up is added into the nodularization packet.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the addition of the nodulizer is the molten iron gross mass 1.0-1.2wt%, the nodulizer include Si by mass percentage：40-50wt%, Mg：6-7wt%, Re：2-3wt%, Ba ≤ 2.0wt%, Ca：0.8-1.2wt%, remaining is Fe；
Wherein, the addition of the inovulant is the 0.4-0.6wt% of the molten iron gross mass, and the inovulant presses quality percentage Include Si than meter：70-80wt%, Ca：1.0-2.0wt%, Ba：2.0-3.0wt%, remaining is Fe；
Wherein, the microalloy is V and Ni, and the addition of V is the 0.01-0.10wt% of the molten iron gross mass, the addition of Ni Amount is the 0.05-0.40wt% of the molten iron gross mass.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the other side of the dykes and dams in the nodularization packet V, the Ni in the microalloy that place is laid with according to sequence from top to bottom in the nodulizer, the microalloy successively and described Iron filings, wherein the cladding thickness of the iron filings is 6-10mm.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, carrying out nodularization to the molten iron after the Carbon pick-up, breeding And the step of microalloy treatment, further includes：Carbon pick-up further is carried out to the molten iron after the Carbon pick-up,
Wherein, carburant is laid between the V in the nodulizer and the microalloy.
11. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, to the nodularization, breed and microalloy treatment after iron The step of water is poured into a mould include：In casting process, to the nodularization, breeds and be added in the molten iron after microalloy treatment Random inoculant, the addition of the random inoculant are the 0.1-0.2wt% of the molten iron gross mass, the random inoculant Include Si by mass percentage：
70-80wt%, Bi：0.5-2.5wt%, Ca≤2.0wt%, Al≤2.0wt%, remaining is Fe.
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CN111041339A (en) * 2019-12-05 2020-04-21 江苏吉鑫风能科技股份有限公司 High-silicon ferrite nodular cast iron material with high fatigue performance and preparation method thereof

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