CN108299060A - A method of producing active bio-organic fertilizer using excrement and organic waste - Google Patents
A method of producing active bio-organic fertilizer using excrement and organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN108299060A CN108299060A CN201710024299.8A CN201710024299A CN108299060A CN 108299060 A CN108299060 A CN 108299060A CN 201710024299 A CN201710024299 A CN 201710024299A CN 108299060 A CN108299060 A CN 108299060A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
It includes giving processing, fermentation, drying process that the present invention, which provides a kind of method producing active bio-organic fertilizer using excrement and organic waste, fermentation major microorganisms strain include photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, gram-positive actinomycete group, fermentation be Filamentous flora, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Dipel.Fermentation process be with anaerobic and aerobic alternately, anaerobic fermentation be under the conditions of stuffiness, carry out anaerobic fermentation when heap temperature in 70 DEG C or more the aerobe fermentations that take a turn for the better, aerobic fermentation turn when dropping to 40 DEG C anaerobic fermentation until whole matrix all become humus.Fermentative microorganism strain is combined using liquid effective microbiota bacterium solution and solid microbe group's bacterium powder, and the weight ratio of strain addition and waste is bacterium solution 3-4 ‰, bacterium powder 10-20 ‰, while 20-40% nutrient matrixes are added.Control fermentation process acid-base value pH value 5.5-6.5, pH value 7-8.5 when ripe.Carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30 when control fermentation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method producing active bio-organic fertilizer using excrement and organic waste, belong to excrement and
Organic garbage treatment and utilization, the method for especially producing active bio-organic fertilizer.
Background technology
With the development of scientific and technological progress and human society, the environmental consciousness of people is constantly reinforced.Not only to feces of livestock and poultry and
The processing of mankind's organic domestic waste is to be related to polluted surface water, destroys aquatic ecosystem, or even influence drinking water source, danger
And the important topic of mankind's environmental protection such as human health, and produce high-efficiency active biological organic fertilizer using these wastes
Then it is related to the biological organic fertilizer improvement soil texture of the nuisanceless high-quality of agricultural application, so that soil is become fermentation synthesis type excellent
Matter soil improves plant quality, and volume increase increases income, and the important topic of deep layers mankind's environmental protection such as pest and disease damage is killed in suppression.
The research that active bio-organic fertilizer is produced using excrement and organic waste in recent years is emerged one after another.But up to the present
The fermenting microbe and technical process that most of technologies use very rationally, do not cause following deficiency：1. only considering fermentation, do not have
Consider the benign cycle effect of microorganism；2. the decomposition of the inactivation, organic matter of pathogenic organisms and the life of humus
At undesirable；3. microorganism fixed nitrogen is insufficient；4. beneficial activity bacterium ingredient and survival rate are undesirable etc. in organic fertilizer.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is combining the processing of excrement and organic waste and production active bio-organic fertilizer, fill
Divide the benign cycle effect for considering microorganism, the generation of the decomposition and humus that make organic matter is more preferable, pathogenic organisms
Fully inactivation, microorganism fixed nitrogen is sufficient, and beneficial activity bacterium ingredient and survival rate are high in organic fertilizer, finds one kind not merely with these
Waste produces high-efficiency active biological organic fertilizer, and provides a kind of biological organic fertilizer of nuisanceless high-quality for agricultural, improves
Soil texture makes soil become fermentation synthesis type high-quality soil, and to improve plant quality, volume increase increases income, and disease pest is killed in suppression
Evil.
Technical scheme of the present invention：Include using the method that excrement and organic waste produce high-efficiency active biological organic fertilizer
Processing, fermentation, drying process are given, fermentation major microorganisms strain includes photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, leather
The actinomycete group of the Lan Shi positives, the Filamentous flora of fermentation system, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Dipel.
The method of the active bio-organic fertilizer, fermentation process be with anaerobic and aerobic alternately, anaerobic fermentation is
Under the conditions of stuffiness, carries out heap temperature when anaerobic fermentation and turn to detest in 70 DEG C or more the aerobe fermentations that take a turn for the better, when aerobic fermentation drops to 40 DEG C
Aerobe fermentation is until whole matrix all become humus.
The method of the active bio-organic fertilizer, fermentative microorganism strain using liquid effective microbiota bacterium solution and
Solid microbe group's bacterium powder is combined, and bacterium solution is photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora and gram-positive unwrapping wire
Four major class effective microbiota of flora, solid microbe group's bacterium powder include photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, leather orchid
The actinomycete group of family name's positive, Filamentous flora, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Dipel group, the content of each strain are：The beneficial bacterium number of survival
It is 108-109A thalline/gram.
The weight ratio of the method for the active bio-organic fertilizer, strain addition and waste is bacterium solution 3-4 ‰, bacterium
Powder 10-20 ‰, while the nutrient matrix that 20-40%% is bred for beneficial bacterium is added.
The method of the active bio-organic fertilizer controls fermentation process acidity-basicity ph value 5.5-6.5, pH value when ripe
7-8.5。
The method of the active bio-organic fertilizer, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30 when control is fermented.
Advantages of the present invention：
1, microorganism species screening is reasonable, plays benign cycle effect, symbiosis, alternate, not anti-short of money.The microorganism of Natural Selection
In breeding, will not mutate.
2, entire microbial project carries out the alternate Fermentation Engineering of anaerobic-aerobic, enzyme engineering, and microorganism is adequately trained
It grows, livestock and poultry and waste are adequately hydrolyzed.Microorganism generates in breeding to pest antibody materials, Dipel,
Actinomyces release it is white to squama wing, garden worm, germ inhibitory or killing effect enzyme.
3, seven quasi-microorganisms are mostly ammonification microorganism, decomposing protein, itrogenous organic substance and inorganic salts and fibrous carbon water
Compound.
4, in fermentation activity biological organic fertilizer, temperature can rise to 80 DEG C by 30 DEG C, and aerobic-anaerobic is alternately.Germ,
Worm's ovum, parasite, can be because of high temperature and death due to anoxic.
5, the starch in poultry waste, protein, fat, carbon compound, fiber (plant, cutin) are through microorganism point
Solution reaches odorless, and no mosquito fly grows hotbed.
6, microorganism can synthesize nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and auximone that plant directly absorbs in breeding.
7, using solid microbe bacterium powder, fermentation period can be shortened, simplify strain Preparation equipment and technique.
8, pathogenic organisms are fully inactivated, and microorganism fixed nitrogen is sufficient, beneficial activity bacterium ingredient and survival in organic fertilizer
Rate is high, provides a kind of biological organic fertilizer of nuisanceless high-quality for agricultural, improves soil texture, so that soil is become fermentation and closes
It is molded high-quality soil, organic matter and effective microbiota mainly by fermenting-ripening improve soil texture, and soil is made to become hair
Ferment synthesis type high-quality soil, such soil can improve plant quality, and volume increase increases income, and pest and disease damage is killed in suppression.
Specific implementation mode
Major microorganisms species and effect：
1, photosynthetic bacteria group：
Photosynthetic bacteria group belongs to autotrophy microorganism, and the light and heat that it is received using soil is the energy, with the secretion of plant root
Object, organic matter or pernicious gas (hydrogen sulfide etc.) are matrix, the nitrogenous compounds such as synthesizing amino acid, nucleic acid, and production activity
A variety of substances for promoting growth and development of plants such as substance, carbohydrate.These metabolins, some are directly absorbed by plant, and some becomes
The matrix of other microbial reproductions.
In addition, if photosynthetic bacteria increases in soil, other effective microbes can also increase.Such as：With photosynthetic bacteria
The amino acid of secretion is that the VA VA Mycorrhizal Fungis of bait increase, it has supplies plant the non-absorbent insoluble phosphoric acid of plant roots
Ability.VA VA Mycorrhizal Fungis increase, a kind of nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiosis of it and energy fixed nitrogen, to promote nitrogen crystallized ability.
2, lactobacillus：
Lactic acid bacteria generates lactic acid using the carbohydrate obtained from photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycete as matrix.Lactic acid has very strong sterilizing power, special
It is not that the drastically corruption of harmful microbe breeding and organic matter is inhibited to decompose.
Lactic acid bacteria can make the difficult organic matter decomposed such as lignin, cellulose be easy to decompose, and eliminate undecomposed organic produce
Raw various drawbacks play a significant role in organic matter fermentation decomposition.
Lactic acid bacteria can inhibit to cause the pathogenic bacteria of continuous cropping obstacle to be proliferated.Under normal circumstances, if pathogenic bacteria increase, plant
With regard to weak, harmful nematode sharply increases.Lactic acid bacteria inhibits pathogenic bacteria activity, harmful nematode also to fade away.
The lactic acid that lactic acid bacteria generates can inhibit the activity and breeding of sclerotium bacteria.Lactic acid bacteria class microorganism, since ancient times, extensively
Yogurt etc. applied to lactic acid drink.
3, yeast flora：
Having in the amino acid and carbohydrate and soil of the secretion, photosynthetic bacteria synthesis that saccharomycete is generated using crop root
Machine object plays the fermenting power that saccharomycete has, and synthesizes to the effective substance of crop.Especially hormone of yeast secretion etc. is raw
Active material is managed, root growth and cell division can be promoted.
In addition, being also beneficial to the proliferation of other effective microbes (lactic acid bacteria, actinomyces).
4, gram-positive actinomycete group：
Actinomyces are the intermediaries of bacterium and mould, and the amino acid that intake photosynthetic bacteria generates generates antibiotics.It is this
Antibiotics can effectively inhibit pathogen, fight for when being harmful to mould and bacterial multiplication required substance (chitin) to inhibit
It is proliferated, and creation is conducive to other microbe survival environment.
Since actinomyces and photosynthetic bacteria coexist, therefore after actinomyces and photosynthetic bacteria are mixed, the net bacterium played acts on
It is multiplied when more independent than actinomyces.Actinomyces also play the role of encouraging nitrogen-fixing bacteria and VA VA Mycorrhizal Fungis.
5, the Filamentous flora of fermentation system：
Lift der Pilz (mould), just makes one to associate corrupt, rotten.Der Pilz in effective microbiota mainly sends out
Based on the Eurotium used when ferment alcohol, which can coexist with other effective microbes, especially to ester in soil
Existence have good result.Because alcohol producing power is strong, maggot or the generation of other harmful insects can be prevented, also there is separation stench
Effect.
6, nitrogen-fixing bacteria：
Nitrogen in air can be fixed in the soil, directly supply the nutrition of crop.It can coexist with photosynthetic bacteria, can more promote
Nitrogen fixation ability.
7, Dipel：
It can disengage to Lepidoptera, garden worm, the enzyme of germ inhibitory or killing effect, it coexists with actinomyces, to the inhibitory or killing effect of pest and disease damage
Bigger.
The preparation of microorganism fungus kind：
Fermentative microorganism strain is combined using effective microbiota bacterium solution and solid microbe group's bacterium powder, and bacterium solution is photosynthetic thin
More than 80 kinds of flora, lactobacillus, yeast flora and four major class of gram-positive actinomycete group effective microbiota, 500,000,000-10
The bacterium solution of hundred million thalline/ml；Solid microbe group's bacterium powder includes photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, gram sun
Property actinomycete group, Filamentous flora, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Dipel group, each strain content is impartial.The content of each strain is：It deposits
Beneficial bacterium number living is 108-109A thalline/gram.Nutrient matrix, such as rice bran, dregs of beans, molasses, plant ash conduct is added simultaneously
Flora foodstuff.
Mechanization production of the feces of livestock and poultry based on compost fermentation：
(1) equipment：Sludge, fecaluria process for producing line
(2) raw material composition：Effective microbiota, all kinds of feces of livestock and poultry, plant waste etc..Fermentation humidity is 40%-50%,
Strain addition is bacterium solution 2-4 ‰, bacterium powder 10-20 ‰.
Concrete technology requirement：
1, the microbiological process of aerobic fermentation：
During the fermentation, since microbial action is as a result, temperature rises rapidly in microbiological fermented organic fertilizer, in a short time
60-70 DEG C even 80 DEG C are just can reach, during this, complicated decomposition and synthesis occur for organic matter, inorganic matter in fertilizer
Variation, microorganism group at also occur accordingly change.It substantially can be divided into three phases.
(1) glow stage
Fermentation initial stage, mainly by the aerobic microorganism of medium temperature, using the solable matter for being easiest to decompose in fermentation, as starch,
Carbohydrate etc. and be proliferated rapidly, release heat, fermentation fertilizer temperature made constantly to increase.
(2) hot stage
Fermentation temperature rises to 50 DEG C or more, enters hot stage.In addition the reduction of the easily decomposed substance such as starch, carbohydrate, with
And they consume a large amount of oxygen when being rapidly decomposed, aoxidizing, and cause local anaerobic environment.Then, thermophilic is micro-
Biology is gradually instead of the activity of middle warm nature microorganism.At this moment, in fermentation except the remaining or dissolved organic matter that is newly formed after
The continuous conversion that is decomposed is outer, some complicated organic matters such as cellulose, hemicellulose etc. are also begun to by strong decomposition.
Since the optimum temperature of various thermophilic microorganisms is different, change with the temperature rise of fermentation,
Variation also gradually occurs for type, the quantity of thermophilic microorganism.
When temperature is raised to 60 DEG C, only thermophilic actinomyces decompose organic matter at leisure in continuation activity.
High temperature is extremely important for killing pathogenic organism.The inactivation of pathogenic organism depends on temperature and contact
Time.It is observed that 60-70 DEG C maintains 3 days, poliovirus, pathogenetic bacteria and roundworm egg inactivation can be made.According to Japan " under
The tentative standard for making causal organism inactivate that sewage sludge utilization of resources consultation " is formulated, is 65 DEG C, 45h or more.China
According to long-term experience, it is considered that, fermentation temperature can reach preferable killing worm's ovum and disease at 50-60 DEG C, persistently 6-7 days
The effect of opportunistic pathogen.
(3) cooling and decomposed fertilizer conservation stage
After high temperature continues for some time, easily decomposes or more labile organic matter (including cellulose etc.) is most of
Solution, the remaining humus for being the organic matters of more difficult decomposition such as lignin (Lignin) and newly being formed.At this moment, microorganism lives
Dynamic to weaken, quantity of heat production is reduced, and temperature is gradually reduced, and middle warm nature microorganism is increasingly becoming advantage again, residual substance further divides
Solution, humus accumulate with keeping, and fermentation enters the decomposed stage.At this point, fermentation fertilizer can be applied.So main problem is
Preserve the plant foods such as humus and N elements.The measure for compressing fertile heap can be taken with fermentation, caused anaerobic state, made organic matter
Mineralization weakens, in order to avoid loss fertilizer efficiency.
2, Unareobic fermentation：
Anaerobic fermentation be in fertilizer fermentation process with a kind of alternate method of aerobic fermentation method.Anaerobic fermentation is to promote livestock and poultry
The innoxious process of organic waste.Fermentation method is identical as aerobic fermentation method, and only fermentation does not have to aerating system, organic waste
For gurry when carrying out anaerobic fermentation, heap temperature is relatively low, decomposed and innoxious required time is longer
3, the fermentation process of active biological manure is with aerobic and lonely alternate two methods：
Aerobic fermentation method is that organic waste is made, by the effect of microorganism, to reach stabilisation under aerobic condition, be changed into
Be conducive to soil property improvement and method that is beneficial to plant growth and being easy the organic matter being absorbed and utilized.Stabilisation refers to disease
The decomposition of the inactivation, organic matter of source property biology and the generation of humus.
4, when Fermentation Engineering carries out, acid-base value is can control, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Su Yun bacterium bacillus, actinomyces is made fully to breed.Control
PH5.5-6.5, PH7-8.5 when ripe when system fermentation.When control fermentation：Carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30, then fixed nitrogen is best.
There may be following problems in excrement：
(1) pathogenic organism and weed seed may be contaminated with.
(2) there may be excessive labile organic matters, and harmful to plant growth.
(3) corruption and stench are easy to happen.
(4) water content is too high.
(5) pH value is higher.
(6) crop is difficult to be absorbed and utilized.
These above-mentioned problems almost can be transferred through fermentation and be resolved.During the fermentation, due to the effect of microorganism,
So that a part of organic matter is decomposed rapidly, can greatly reduce in this way plant growth is brought it is bad influence, superfluous, labile
Organic matter.Meanwhile high temperature is formed because generating big energy, pathogenic organism and weed seed can be made to inactivate.Due to easily decomposing
Property organic matter reduce, and as being difficult to corruption, the organic matter of stench not occurring.The heat of generation makes moisture evaporation and can be obtained
The low organic matter of water content.The higher waste of pH value becomes alkalescent by fermentation.Therefore, the above problem passes through fermentation
It can almost be resolved.In addition the important feature to ferment be generate humus, it for improve soil physics,
Chemical property is particularly important.
It when carbon-nitrogen ratio is excessively high, thus needs to be suitably added the abundant fecaluria of N, P just (such as chicken manure), be given birth to sharp microorganism
It is long.It is to produce pH value decline caused by acid in the process to adjust pH value to neutralize microbial activities that lime or turf, which is added,.
When fermentation, it should be noted that control moisture, ventilation keep the temperature an important factor for these three influence microbial activities.
Anaerobism, aerobic alternately raw material different from of the fermenting-ripening phase to various heterogeneities：Chicken manure 10-15 days, pig manure
15-20 days, cow dung 30-40 days.
Five, active biological manure finished product：
It after fermenting-ripening, by programs such as drying, crushing, screenings, then weighs, packs.
Utilize organic waste production efficient biofertilizer and the basic phase of method that efficient biologic-organic fertilizer is produced with excrement
Together.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method producing active bio-organic fertilizer using excrement and organic waste, including give processing, fermentation, it is dry at
Reason, it is characterized in that major microorganisms strain includes photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, gram-positive actinomyces
Group, the Filamentous flora of fermentation system, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Dipel.
2. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that fermentation process is become reconciled with anaerobism
Alternately, anaerobic fermentation is to carry out when anaerobic fermentation heap temperature in 70 DEG C or more the aerobe fermentations that take a turn for the better under the conditions of stuffiness to oxygen,
Aerobic fermentation turns anaerobic fermentation when dropping to 40 DEG C until whole matrix all become humus.
3. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that fermentative microorganism strain uses
Effective microbiota bacterium solution and solid microbe group's bacterium powder are combined, and bacterium solution is photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora
With the effective microbiota bacterium solution based on gram-positive actinomycete group, solid microbe group's bacterium powder include photosynthetic bacteria group,
Lactobacillus, yeast flora, gram-positive actinomycete group, Filamentous flora, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and Dipel group, each strain
Content be：The beneficial bacterium number of survival is 108-109A thalline/gram.
4. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that strain addition and waste
Weight ratio be bacterium solution 3-4 ‰, bacterium powder 10-20 ‰, while the nutrient matrix that 20-40% is bred for beneficial bacterium is added.
5. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that control fermentation process acid-base value
PH value 5.5-6.5, pH value 7-8.5 when ripe.
6. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that carbon-nitrogen ratio is when control fermentation
25-30。
7. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, it is characterized in that control fermentation process acidity-basicity ph value
5.5-6.5 pH value 7-8.5 when ripe.
8. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that control fermentation process acid-base value PH
Value 5.5-6.5, pH value 7-8.5 when ripe.
9. the method for active bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, it is characterized in that carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25- when control fermentation
30。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111115852A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-08 | 新疆凯旋致远生物技术有限公司 | Water purifying agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112552097A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 娄底市朝阳塑胶有限公司 | Method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste |
-
2017
- 2017-01-13 CN CN201710024299.8A patent/CN108299060A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111115852A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-08 | 新疆凯旋致远生物技术有限公司 | Water purifying agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112552097A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 娄底市朝阳塑胶有限公司 | Method for preparing fertilizer by fermenting food waste |
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