CN108286962A - A kind of method for building up and system of water environment library of spectra - Google Patents
A kind of method for building up and system of water environment library of spectra Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for building up and system of water environment library of spectra.This method includes：Obtain a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve of each measurement point；The curve for rejecting Wave anomaly, obtains first-order spectrum reflectance curve；The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band is extracted, second order spectrum reflectance curve is obtained；The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value for calculating a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point, obtains averaged spectrum reflectance curve；Carry out smooth, removal envelope and normalized, the spectral reflectivity curve after being normalized successively to averaged spectrum reflectance curve；The average value for calculating the spectral reflectivity curve in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each section；Water environment library of spectra is established using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.The present invention establishes the water environment library of spectra for highland and severe cold river, realizes the accurate measurements of water environment in extensive area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of remote sensing image processing, a kind of method for building up more particularly to water environment library of spectra and
System.
Background technology
Library of spectra classifies essence for accurate interpretation, the Rapid matching of unknown atural object and the remote sensing of remote sensing image information automatically
The raising of degree plays a crucial role.There is the digitlization object reflective spectrum number of larger impact power in the world at present
Mainly there is US Geological Survey (United States Geological Survey, USGS) object reflective spectrum number according to library
According to library, the object reflective spectrum library jet power laboratory (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL), advanced spaceborne hot spoke
It penetrates and reflection detector (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer, ASTER) object reflective spectrum library, Hyperspectral imagery processing and analysis system (Hyperspectral Image
Processing and Analysis System, HIPAS) object reflective spectrum library etc., these object spectrum libraries include mainly
Soil, vegetation, five major class of water body, rock mine and made Target, these library of spectra have played weight in remote sensing application and research
It acts on.Currently, studied generally be directed to the river water environmental of middle low altitude area normal areas in the research carried out both at home and abroad,
And due to frigid plateau region awful weather so that therefore the acquisition of field inspection data is not currently existed in the presence of very big difficulty
For the water environment library of spectra in highland and severe cold river.
Invention content
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a kind of method for building up and system of the water environment library of spectra for highland and severe cold river.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes：
A kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra, including：
Obtain a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve repeatedly measured to measurement point using spectrometer, the measurement point
For the point of water body to be measured in high and cold river section；
The curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve obtains first-order spectrum reflectance curve, institute
The curve for stating Wave anomaly is that the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking wave crest, the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking trough or deviation are big
In the spectral reflectivity curve of predetermined threshold value；
The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band is extracted, second order spectrum reflection is obtained
Rate curve；
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value for calculating a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point, obtains each institute
State the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of measurement point；
The averaged spectrum reflectance curve is smoothed using weighting gliding smoothing method；
To it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed envelope processing；
Spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope is normalized, the spectral reflectivity after being normalized
Curve；
The average value for calculating the spectral reflectivity curve in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points obtains each river
The averaged spectrum reflectance curve of section；
Water environment library of spectra is established using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.
Optionally, it is using the method that spectrometer repeatedly measures to obtain a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve to measurement point：
Dark correction and blank correction are carried out to the spectrometer；
The probe of the spectrometer is set and the measurement point keeps pre-determined distance, and the probe of the spectrometer tilts in advance
If angle；
Repeatedly the measurement point is measured using the probe of the spectrometer, obtains a plurality of spectral reflectance of measurement point
Rate curve.
Optionally, the spectrometer is 3 portable spectrometers of FieldSpec, and the wavelength band of the spectrometer is
350nm-2500nm, resolution ratio 1nm, wave band number are 2051.
Optionally, the curve of spectrum of the extraction first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band, obtains
Second order spectrum reflectance curve, specially：
The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in 400nm-2450nm wavelength bands is extracted, two level is obtained
Spectral reflectivity curve.
Optionally, the weighting gliding smoothing method is specially：
Wherein, YkBe it is smooth after kth wave band averaged spectrum reflectivity, k is wave band number, CiFor being averaged for i-th wave band
The weight coefficient of spectral reflectivity, XiFor the averaged spectrum reflectivity of the i-th wave band, N indicates the size of sliding window, N=2m+1,
M indicates integer.
Optionally, it is described to it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed envelope processing, it is specific to wrap
It includes：
By it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve do ratio with envelope reflectivity, obtain the first ratio, institute
It is the spectral reflectivity curve removed after envelope to state the first ratio.
Optionally, the spectral reflectivity curve after described pair of removal envelope is normalized, after obtaining normalization
Spectral reflectivity curve, specifically include：
By the spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope and the spectral reflectance after the removal envelope at 575nm wave bands
Rate curve does ratio, obtains the second ratio, and second ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve after normalization.
System is established the present invention also provides a kind of water environment library of spectra, the system comprises：
Acquisition module, it is bent for obtaining a plurality of spectral reflectivity repeatedly measured to measurement point using spectrometer
Line, the measurement point are the point of water body to be measured in high and cold river section；
Module is rejected, the curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve obtains first-order spectrum
The curve of reflectance curve, the Wave anomaly is the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking wave crest, lacks the spectral reflectivity of trough
Curve or deviation are more than the spectral reflectivity curve of predetermined threshold value；
Extraction module is obtained for extracting the curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band
To second order spectrum reflectance curve；
First computing module, the arithmetic of a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve for calculating each measurement point
Average value obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point；
First processing module, for smoothly being located to the averaged spectrum reflectance curve using weighting gliding smoothing method
Reason；
Second processing module, for it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed envelope processing；
Third processing module is returned for the spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope to be normalized
Spectral reflectivity curve after one change；
Second computing module, for calculating the spectral reflectivity curve in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points
Average value obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each section；
Library of spectra establishes module, for establishing water environment library of spectra using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.
Optionally, the Second processing module, specifically includes：
Envelope removal unit, for by it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve do ratio with envelope reflectivity
Value, obtains the first ratio, and first ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve removed after envelope.
Optionally, the third processing module, specifically includes：
Normalization unit, the spectral reflectivity curve for being used to remove after envelope and the removal packet at 575nm wave bands
Spectral reflectivity curve after winding thread does ratio, obtains the second ratio, and second ratio is the spectral reflectivity after normalization
Curve.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
The present invention proposes a kind of method for building up and system of water environment library of spectra, the method includes：Obtain each survey
Measure a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve of point；The curve for rejecting Wave anomaly, obtains first-order spectrum reflectance curve；Extract level-one light
The curve of spectrum of the reflectance curve in default wavelength band is composed, second order spectrum reflectance curve is obtained；Calculate each measurement point
A plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve arithmetic mean of instantaneous value, obtain averaged spectrum reflectance curve；To averaged spectrum reflectivity
Curve carries out smooth, removal envelope and normalized, the spectral reflectivity curve after being normalized successively；It calculates each
The average value of spectral reflectivity curve in section after the normalization of multiple measurement points obtains the averaged spectrum reflection of each section
Rate curve；Water environment library of spectra is established using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.The present invention passes through fieldwork height
The water quality spectroscopic data in former high and cold river establishes one kind for highland and severe cold river after carrying out a series of processing and analysis to it
Water environment library of spectra, the accurate measurements of water environment in extensive area can be realized using the library of spectra combination remotely-sensed data, together
Shi Kewei researcher quickly and accurately provides data service, promotes remote sensing technology answering in terms of monitoring water environment with water cycle
With important so as to be provided for the formulation of frigid plateau region sustainable utilization of water resource, ecological environmental protection and relevant policies
With reference to.
Description of the drawings
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can also be according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the method for building up of water environment library of spectra of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural schematic diagram for establishing system of water environment library of spectra of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the method for building up of water environment library of spectra of the embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the method for building up of the water environment library of spectra of embodiment, including：
Step S1：Obtain a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve repeatedly measured to measurement point using spectrometer, institute
State the point that measurement point is water body to be measured in high and cold river section.
Specifically, the spectrometer is 3 portable spectrometers of FieldSpec, the wavelength band of the spectrometer is
350nm-2500nm, resolution ratio 1nm, wave band number are 2051.
It is using the method that spectrometer repeatedly measures to obtain a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve to measurement point：
Dark correction and blank correction are carried out to the spectrometer；
The probe of the spectrometer is set and the measurement point keeps pre-determined distance, and the probe of the spectrometer tilts in advance
If angle；
Repeatedly the measurement point is measured using the probe of the spectrometer, obtains a plurality of spectral reflectance of measurement point
Rate curve.
Step S2：The curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve, obtains first-order spectrum reflectivity
Curve.
Specifically, the curve of the Wave anomaly be lack wave crest spectral reflectivity curve, lack trough spectrum it is anti-
It penetrates rate curve or deviation is more than the spectral reflectivity curve of predetermined threshold value.
Step S3：The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band is extracted, two level is obtained
Spectral reflectivity curve.
Specially：
The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in 400nm-2450nm wavelength bands is extracted, two level is obtained
Spectral reflectivity curve.
Step S4：The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value for calculating a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point, obtains
To the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point.
Step S5：The averaged spectrum reflectance curve is smoothed using weighting gliding smoothing method.
The weighting gliding smoothing method is specially：
Wherein, YkBe it is smooth after kth wave band averaged spectrum reflectivity, k is wave band number, CiFor being averaged for i-th wave band
The weight coefficient of spectral reflectivity, XiFor the averaged spectrum reflectivity of the i-th wave band, N indicates the size of sliding window, N=2m+1,
M indicates integer.
Step S6：To it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed envelope processing.
It specifically includes：
By it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve do ratio with envelope reflectivity, obtain the first ratio, institute
It is the spectral reflectivity curve removed after envelope to state the first ratio.
Step S7：Spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope is normalized, the light after being normalized
Compose reflectance curve.
It specifically includes：
By the spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope and the spectral reflectance after the removal envelope at 575nm wave bands
Rate curve does ratio, obtains the second ratio, and second ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve after normalization.
Step S8：The average value for calculating the spectral reflectivity curve in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points, obtains
To the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each section.
Step S9：Water environment library of spectra is established using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.
A specific embodiment is provided below.
, there is the title of " Asia water tower " in " third pole " of the Qinghai-Tibet Platean as the earth, is located at 74 °~104 ° of east longitude, north latitude
25 °~40 °, 4000~5000m of mean sea level, plateau innerland average temperature of the whole year is at 0 DEG C hereinafter, the most warm monthly average in large areas
Temperature is the Typical Representative of frigid plateau region also less than 10 DEG C.Therefore, this specific embodiment is for extremely frigid zones river
Water environment library of spectra lacks this problem, using Qinghai-Tibet Platean as region is represented, establishes the novel water-ring for high and cold river
Border library of spectra, detailed process are as follows：
(1) data acquire
Part of in September, 2016 is real in Qinghai-Tibet Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin expansion highland and severe cold water quality of river spectrum data gathering
It tests, emphasis has carried out the acquisition of spectrum data gathering and water body sample for representative section.Field acquisition experiment is altogether
106 groups of sampled datas are obtained, are contained at spectroscopic data i.e. spectral reflectivity curve and water body sample data i.e. sampling location
Turbidity (Turbidity), total nitrogen (TN) amount, total phosphorus (TP) amount and total organic carbon (TOC) amount of water body, while having recorded sampled point
The environmental aspect of surrounding, and outdoor scene photo is had taken, wherein the water body sample data sampled has entrusted professional institution to be chemically examined
It analyzes, the environmental data around the water body example data and sampled point of sampling, for being implemented in combination with big model with water environment library of spectra
The accurate measurements of water environment in the areas Wei Yu.
Spectral reflectivity curve is obtained by the 3 portable spectrometer measurements of FieldSpec of ASD companies of the U.S., the spectrometer
It is made of 3 sensors, respectively UV-VNIR (350~1100nm), SWIR1 (1000~1800nm) and SWIR2 (1700~
2500nm), wavelength band is 350~2500nm, spectral resolution 1nm, includes 2051 wave bands altogether, it is possible to provide atural object is not
With detailed spectral information in spectral region.
The measuring condition of spectral reflectivity curve is：Observation experiment is selected in the weather of sunny calm or few wind and carries out, the phase
Between the water surface keep tranquil substantially, observation time is mainly controlled 10:00~15:Between 00.
The measurement process of spectral reflectivity curve is：In measure spectrum reflectance curve, for weaken instrument dark current and
Influence of the lamp source to spectral quality carries out dark correction to spectrometer first, while the probe vertical of spectrometer is directed at reference plate
Blank correction is carried out, then keeps probe and water body to be measured at a distance from 25cm or so, 40 degree of downward measure is tilted and obtains water body
Spectral reflectivity curve.In order to reduce the influence of random error, in 10 10 groups of the acquisitions of the equal continuous observation of each measurement point position
Spectroscopic data takes its mean value as the spectral reflectivity curve of the point water body.
The process that spectral reflectivity curve is wherein obtained using spectrometer is：
Utilize the reflectivity of the DN values of spectrometer measurement water body, blank DN values and blank；
Spectral reflectivity curve is obtained using the reflectivity of the DN values of water body, blank DN values and blank, calculation formula is
Wherein, Re fwaterFor Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance, DNwaterFor the DN values of water body, DNboardFor the DN values of blank, Re
fboardFor the reflectivity of blank, Re f in the present embodimentboardValue is 0.994.
(2) the water environment library of spectra in highland and severe cold river is established
Steps are as follows：
A. the curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve, to remove because of instantaneous stormy waves and light intensity
Influence caused by fluctuation.
B. since the noise at the spectral reflectivity curve head and the tail both ends measured is obvious, extract 400~2450nm
Then the curve of spectrum in wavelength band carries out arithmetic average to 10 groups of curves of spectrum that each measurement point position obtains.
C. the spectral reflectivity curve after averaging is smoothed using the method for weighted moving average, to which removal is made an uproar
The influence of sound.
Wherein the method for weighted moving average refers to that closer data are given with larger weight, is given to data farther out smaller
Weight, so as to make up the deficiency of the simple method of moving average, weighting coefficient passes through more to given high-order in sliding window
The least square fitting of item formula obtains.The calculation formula of the method for weighted moving average is as follows：
Wherein, YkBe it is smooth after kth wave band averaged spectrum reflectivity, k is wave band number, CiFor being averaged for i-th wave band
The weight coefficient of spectral reflectivity, XiFor the averaged spectrum reflectivity of the i-th wave band, N indicates the size of sliding window, N=2m+1,
M indicates that integer, m determine the size of window, and m is bigger, and filter result is more smooth.
D. to be weighted the method for average it is smooth after spectral reflectivity curve carry out envelope removal, i.e., will it is smooth after it is flat
Equal spectral reflectivity curve does ratio with envelope reflectivity, to obtain the result after removal envelope.Envelope removal can
It to protrude the absorption, reflection and transmitting feature of spectral reflectivity curve, and is normalized on same spectral background, to have
Conducive to the comparison of character numerical value is carried out with other curves of spectrum, spectral signature can be preferably protruded.
E. when spectral reflectivity curve due to measuring water body, weather, the variation of measuring environment and measurement angle it is micro-
Small change all can generate variation to the absolute reflection spectral value measured, it is therefore desirable to place be normalized to spectral reflectivity curve
Reason.The method of normalized is：On the basis of the reflectivity at 575nm, by the corresponding reflectivity divided by 575nm of each wave band
Locate corresponding reflectivity, to be normalized.
F. the normalization Reservoir water surface spectral reflectance curve of multiple sampled points in each section is averaging, is then integrated each
The averaged spectrum reflectance curve of representative section, final establish obtain the water environment library of spectra for high and cold river.
The water environment library of spectra that the present embodiment is established for high and cold river includes that Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin is representative
Multiple sections, lack this problem to compensate for highland and severe cold river water environmental library of spectra.
(3) application of water environment library of spectra
Water environment library of spectra for high and cold river combines water body at collected water body sample data, that is, sampling location
Turbidity (Turbidity), total nitrogen (TN) amount, total phosphorus (TP) amount and total organic carbon (TOC) amount can carry out wave band sensitivity analysis,
Concrete analysis process is according to the related coefficient between the corresponding spectral reflectivity curve of each wave band and corresponding water quality sample data
It realizes.
The water environment library of spectra for high and cold river and collected water body sample data, that is, sampling location according to foundation
Turbidity (Turbidity), total nitrogen (TN) amount, total phosphorus (TP) amount and total organic carbon (TOC) amount for locating water body, can utilize SPSS soft
Part carries out model foundation and inverting.Simultaneously can according to the band response function of respective satellite data, to measured spectra reflectivity into
Row equivalent point calculates, and obtains corresponding satellite channel reflectivity, to make it have more specific aim to satellite data, reduces excessive
Wave band redundancy.And then it can realize that the water environment in a wide range of is supervised according to the water quality parameter inverse model combination remotely-sensed data of foundation
It surveys, so as to provide technical support for ecological environmental protection and sustainable utilization of water resource.
The method for building up of water environment library of spectra in the present embodiment passes through the water quality spectrum in fieldwork highland and severe cold river
Data establish a kind of water environment library of spectra for highland and severe cold river after carrying out a series of processing and analysis to it, utilize
The library of spectra combination remotely-sensed data can realize the accurate measurements of water environment in extensive area, while can be that researcher is accurately fast
Data service is provided fastly, promotes application of the remote sensing technology in terms of monitoring water environment and water cycle, so as to be highland and severe cold
Regional water sustainable use, ecological environmental protection and the formulation of relevant policies provide important references.
The present invention also provides a kind of system of establishing of water environment library of spectra, Fig. 2 is a kind of water environment of the embodiment of the present invention
The structural schematic diagram for establishing system of library of spectra, referring to Fig. 2, the water environment library of spectra of embodiment establishes system 20, including：
Acquisition module 201, for obtaining a plurality of spectral reflectance repeatedly measured to measurement point using spectrometer
Rate curve, the measurement point are the point of water body to be measured in high and cold river section.
Module 202 is rejected, the curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve obtains level-one light
Reflectance curve is composed, the curve of the Wave anomaly is the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking wave crest, lacks the spectral reflectance of trough
Rate curve or deviation are more than the spectral reflectivity curve of predetermined threshold value.
Extraction module 203, for extracting the curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band,
Obtain second order spectrum reflectance curve.
First computing module 204, a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve for calculating each measurement point
Arithmetic mean of instantaneous value obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point.
First processing module 205, for being put down to the averaged spectrum reflectance curve using weighting gliding smoothing method
Sliding processing.
Second processing module 206, for it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed at envelope
Reason.
The Second processing module 206, specifically includes：
Envelope removal unit, for by it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve do ratio with envelope reflectivity
Value, obtains the first ratio, and first ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve removed after envelope.
Third processing module 207 is obtained for the spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope to be normalized
Spectral reflectivity curve after normalization.
The third processing module 207, specifically includes：
Normalization unit, the spectral reflectivity curve for being used to remove after envelope and the removal packet at 575nm wave bands
Spectral reflectivity curve after winding thread does ratio, obtains the second ratio, and second ratio is the spectral reflectivity after normalization
Curve.
Second computing module 208, for calculating the spectral reflectivity song in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points
The average value of line obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each section.
Library of spectra establishes module 209, for establishing water environment spectrum using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections
Library.
Water environment library of spectra in the present embodiment establishes system, passes through the water quality spectrum in fieldwork highland and severe cold river
Data establish a kind of water environment library of spectra for highland and severe cold river after carrying out a series of processing and analysis to it, utilize
The library of spectra combination remotely-sensed data can realize the accurate measurements of water environment in extensive area, while can be that researcher is accurately fast
Data service is provided fastly, promotes application of the remote sensing technology in terms of monitoring water environment and water cycle, so as to be highland and severe cold
Regional water sustainable use, ecological environmental protection and the formulation of relevant policies provide important references.
For system disclosed in embodiment, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so the ratio of description
Relatively simple, reference may be made to the description of the method.
Principle and implementation of the present invention are described for specific case used herein, and above example is said
The bright method and its core concept for being merely used to help understand the present invention；Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, foundation
The thought of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra, which is characterized in that including：
The a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve repeatedly measured to measurement point using spectrometer is obtained, the measurement point is height
The point of water body to be measured in cold river section；
The curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve obtains first-order spectrum reflectance curve, the wave
The curve of shape exception is that the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking wave crest, the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking trough or deviation are more than in advance
If the spectral reflectivity curve of threshold value；
The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band is extracted, it is bent to obtain second order spectrum reflectivity
Line；
The arithmetic mean of instantaneous value for calculating a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point, obtains each survey
Measure the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of point；
The averaged spectrum reflectance curve is smoothed using weighting gliding smoothing method；
To it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed envelope processing；
Spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope is normalized, the spectral reflectivity after being normalized is bent
Line；
The average value for calculating the spectral reflectivity curve in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points obtains each section
Averaged spectrum reflectance curve；
Water environment library of spectra is established using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.
2. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra according to claim 1, which is characterized in that multiple using spectrometer
The method for measuring to obtain a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve to measurement point is：
Dark correction and blank correction are carried out to the spectrometer；
The probe of the spectrometer is set and the measurement point keeps pre-determined distance, and the probe of the spectrometer tilts preset angle
Degree；
Repeatedly the measurement point is measured using the probe of the spectrometer, a plurality of spectral reflectivity for obtaining measurement point is bent
Line.
3. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the spectrometer is
The wavelength band of 3 portable spectrometers of FieldSpec, the spectrometer is 350nm-2500nm, resolution ratio 1nm, wave band
Number is 2051.
4. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the extraction described one
The curve of spectrum of the grade spectral reflectivity curve in default wavelength band, obtains second order spectrum reflectance curve, specially：
The curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in 400nm-2450nm wavelength bands is extracted, second order spectrum is obtained
Reflectance curve.
5. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the weighting is mobile flat
Sliding method is specially：
Wherein, YkBe it is smooth after kth wave band averaged spectrum reflectivity, k is wave band number, CiFor the averaged spectrum of i-th of wave band
The weight coefficient of reflectivity, XiFor the averaged spectrum reflectivity of the i-th wave band, N indicates the size of sliding window, N=2m+1, m tables
Show integer.
6. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to described smooth
Averaged spectrum reflectance curve afterwards is removed envelope processing, specifically includes：
By it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve do ratio with envelope reflectivity, obtain the first ratio, described the
One ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve removed after envelope.
7. a kind of method for building up of water environment library of spectra according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described pair of removal envelope
Spectral reflectivity curve after line is normalized, and the spectral reflectivity curve after being normalized specifically includes：
Spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope and the spectral reflectivity after the removal envelope at 575nm wave bands is bent
Line does ratio, obtains the second ratio, and second ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve after normalization.
8. a kind of water environment library of spectra establishes system, which is characterized in that the system comprises：
Acquisition module, for obtaining a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve repeatedly measured to measurement point using spectrometer,
The measurement point is the point of water body to be measured in high and cold river section；
Module is rejected, the curve for rejecting Wave anomaly in a plurality of spectral reflectivity curve obtains first-order spectrum reflection
The curve of rate curve, the Wave anomaly is the spectral reflectivity curve for lacking wave crest, lacks the spectral reflectivity curve of trough
Or deviation is more than the spectral reflectivity curve of predetermined threshold value；
Extraction module obtains two for extracting the curve of spectrum of the first-order spectrum reflectance curve in default wavelength band
Grade spectral reflectivity curve；
First computing module, the arithmetic average of a plurality of second order spectrum reflectance curve for calculating each measurement point
Value, obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each measurement point；
First processing module, for being smoothed to the averaged spectrum reflectance curve using weighting gliding smoothing method；
Second processing module, for it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve be removed envelope processing；
Third processing module is normalized for the spectral reflectivity curve after removal envelope to be normalized
Spectral reflectivity curve afterwards；
Second computing module, for calculating being averaged for the spectral reflectivity curve in each section after the normalization of multiple measurement points
Value, obtains the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of each section；
Library of spectra establishes module, for establishing water environment library of spectra using the averaged spectrum reflectance curve of all sections.
9. a kind of water environment library of spectra according to claim 8 establishes system, which is characterized in that the second processing mould
Block specifically includes：
Envelope removal unit, for by it is described it is smooth after averaged spectrum reflectance curve do ratio with envelope reflectivity,
The first ratio is obtained, first ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve removed after envelope.
10. a kind of water environment library of spectra according to claim 8 establishes system, which is characterized in that the third processing
Module specifically includes：
Normalization unit, the spectral reflectivity curve for being used to remove after envelope and the removal envelope at 575nm wave bands
Spectral reflectivity curve afterwards does ratio, obtains the second ratio, and second ratio is the spectral reflectivity curve after normalization.
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